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The Order of Languages of Dictionaries to Show?
+ - {{ "zh_TW" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Dīghanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dīghanikāya") }}
+ - Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi") }}
2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Mahāvaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mahāvaggapāḷi") }}
3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ") }}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Pāthikavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Pāthikavaggapāḷi") }}
8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimanikāya") }}
+ - Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Sīhanādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sīhanādavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Opammavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Opammavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Mahāyamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Mahāyamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Cūḷayamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Cūḷayamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Gahapativaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Gahapativaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Tikanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tikanipātapāḷi") }}
(7) 2. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(7) 2. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Dvattiṃsākāro
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Dvattiṃsākāro") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Kumārapañhā
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Kumārapañhā") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Ratanasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Ratanasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ") }}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Translation")}}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - {{ "en_US" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Ekakanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Ekakanipātapāḷi") }}
3. Akammaniyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Akammaniyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Adantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Adantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dukanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dukanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Kammakaraṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Kammakaraṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Samacittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Samacittavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Parisavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Parisavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(10) 5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(10) 5. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}

25. Uposathapavāraṇāvinicchayakathā

168. Evaṃ sīmāvinicchayaṃ kathetvā idāni uposathapavāraṇāvinicchayaṃ kathetuṃ ‘‘uposathapavāraṇāti ettha’’tyādimāha. Tattha uposathasaddo tāva –

‘‘Uddese pātimokkhassa, paṇṇattiyamuposatho;

Upavāse ca aṭṭhaṅge, uposathadine siyā’’ti. –

Vacanato pātimokkhuddese paṇṇattiyaṃ upavāse aṭṭhaṅgasīle uposathadine ca vattati. Tathā hesa ‘‘āyāmāvuso kappina uposathaṃ gamissāmā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.150; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.85) pātimokkhuddese āgato, ‘‘uposatho nāma nāgarājā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.246) paṇṇattiyaṃ, ‘‘suddhassa ve sadā pheggu, suddhassa uposatho sadā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.79) upavāse, ‘‘evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato kho, visākhe, uposatho upavuttho’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.43) aṭṭhaṅgasīle. ‘‘Na, bhikkhave, uposathe sabhikkhukāāvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso’’tiādīsu (pāci. 1048) uposathadine vattati. ‘‘Pārisuddhiuposatho adhiṭṭhānuposatho’’tiādīsu pārisuddhiadhiṭṭhānesupi vattati. Te pana pātimokkhuddese antogadhāti katvā visuṃ na vuttā. Idha pana pātimokkhuddese uposathadine ca vattati. Tattha pātimokkhuddese upavasanaṃ uposatho, sīlena upetā hutvā vasanantyattho. Uposathadine upavasanti etthāti uposatho, etasmiṃ divase sīlena upetā hutvā vasantītyattho.

Pavāraṇā-saddo pana ‘‘pavāraṇā paṭikkhepe, kathitājjhesanāya cā’’ti abhidhānappadīpikāyaṃ vacanato paṭikkhepe ajjhesane ca vattati. Tattha ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhuttāvī pavārito anatirittaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiya’’ntiādīsu (pāci. 238) paṭikkhepe, ‘‘saṅgho pavāreyyā’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 210) ajjhesane, ‘‘ajjapavāraṇā cātuddasī’’tiādīsu (mahāva. aṭṭha. 212) pavāraṇādivase. So pana ajjhesanadivasoyevāti visuṃ na vutto. Idha pana ajjhesane vattati, tasmā pavārīyate pavāraṇā, pakārena icchīyatetyattho. Pa-pubba varadhātu curādigaṇikāyaṃ.

Ettha ca kiñcāpi pāḷiyaṃ uposathakkhandhakānantaraṃ vassūpanāyikakkhandhako, tadanantaraṃ pavāraṇakkhandhako saṅgīto, tathāpi uposathapavāraṇakammānaṃ yebhuyyena samānattā yamakamiva bhūtattā missetvā kathento suviññeyyo hoti sallahukagantho cāti mantvā khandhakadvayasaṅgahitaṃ atthaṃ ekeneva paricchedena dasseti ācariyo. Tattha cātuddasiko pannarasiko sāmaggīuposathoti divasavasena tayo uposathā hontīti sambandho. Catuddasiyaṃ niyutto cātuddasiko, evaṃ pannarasiko. Sāmaggīuposatho nāma saṅghasāmaggikadivase kātabbauposatho. Hemantagimhavassānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ utūnanti ettha hemantautu nāma aparakattikakāḷapakkhassa pāṭipadato paṭṭhāya phaggunapuṇṇamapariyosānā cattāro māsā. Gimhautu nāma phaggunassa kāḷapakkhapāṭipadato paṭṭhāya āsāḷhipuṇṇamapariyosānā cattāro māsā. Vassānautu nāma āsāḷhassa kāḷapakkhapāṭipadato paṭṭhāya aparakattikapuṇṇamapariyosānā cattāro māsā. Tatiyasattamapakkhesu dve dve katvā cha cātuddasikāti hemantassa utuno tatiye ca sattame ca pakkhe dve cātuddasikā, migasiramāsassa kāḷapakkhe, māghamāsassa kāḷapakkhe cāti attho. Evaṃ gimhassa utuno tatiye cittamāsassa kāḷapakkhe sattame jeṭṭhamāsassa kāḷapakkhe ca, vassānassa utuno tatiye sāvaṇassa kāḷapakkhe ca sattame assayujamāsassa kāḷapakkhe cāti attho. Sesā pannarasikāti sesā aṭṭhārasa pannarasikā.

Hoti cettha –

‘‘Kattikassa ca kāḷamhā;

Yāva phaggunapuṇṇamā;

Hemantakāloti viññeyyo;

Aṭṭha honti uposathā.

‘‘Phaggunassa ca kāḷamhā;

Yāva āsāḷhipuṇṇamā;

Gimhakāloti viññeyyo;

Aṭṭha honti uposathā.

‘‘Āsāḷhassa ca kāḷamhā;

Yāva kattikapuṇṇamā;

Vassakāloti viññeyyo;

Aṭṭha honti uposathā.

‘‘Utūnaṃ pana tiṇṇannaṃ, pakkhe tatiyasattame;

Catuddasoti pātimokkhaṃ, uddisanti nayaññuno’’ti. (kaṅkhā. abhi. ṭī. nidānavaṇṇanā);

Evaṃ ekasaṃvacchare catuvīsati uposathāti evaṃ iminā vuttanayena hemantādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ ekekasmiṃ utumhi paccekaṃ aṭṭhaaṭṭhauposathattā ututtayasamodhānabhūte ekasmiṃ saṃvacchare catuvīsati uposathā hontīti attho. Idaṃ tāva pakaticārittanti idaṃ ekasmiṃ saṃvacchare chacātuddasikaaṭṭhārasapannarasikauposathakaraṇaṃ tāva paṭhamaṃ pakatiyā sabhāvena cārittaṃ kātabbaṃ kammaṃ hoti, na bahutarāvāsikādinā kāraṇena kātabbanti attho.

Tathārūpapaccayesati aññasmimpi cātuddase uposathaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti ‘‘sakiṃ pakkhassa cātuddase vā pannarase vā pātimokkhaṃ uddisitu’’nti (mahāva. 136) vacanato ‘‘yo pana āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabba’’ntiādivacanato (mahāva. 178) ca tathārūpapaccaye sati aññasmimpi cātuddase uposathaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti attho. Tattha sakinti ekavāraṃ. Āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbanti āvāsikehi ‘‘ajjuposatho cātuddaso’’ti pubbakicce kariyamāne anuvattitabbaṃ, na paṭikkositabbaṃ. Ādi-saddena ‘‘āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ anuvattitabba’’nti vacanaṃ, ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tehi bhikkhūhi dve tayo uposathe cātuddasike kātuṃ, kathaṃ mayaṃ tehi bhikkhūhi paṭhamataraṃ pavāreyyāmā’’ti (mahāva. 240) vacanañca saṅgaṇhāti. Ettha ca paṭhamasuttassa ekekassa utuno tatiyasattamapakkhassa cātuddase vā avasesassa pannarase vā sakiṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbanti. Pakaticārittavasenapi atthasambhavato ‘‘āgantukehī’’tiādīni suttāni dassitānīti veditabbaṃ. Tathārūpapaccaye satīti aññasmimpi cātuddase uposathaṃ kātuṃ anurūpe āvāsikā bahutarā hontīti evamādike paccaye sati. Aññasmimpi cātuddaseti tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ tatiyasattamapakkhacātuddasato aññasmiṃ cātuddase.

Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi (mahāva. 178) –

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cātuddaso hoti, āgantukānaṃ pannaraso. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace samasamā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ.

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pannaraso hoti, āgantukānaṃ cātuddaso. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace samasamā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ.

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭipado hoti, āgantukānaṃ pannaraso. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ nākāmā dātabbā sāmaggī, āgantukehi nissīmaṃ gantvā uposatho kātabbo. Sace samasamā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ nākāmā dātabbā sāmaggī, āgantukehi nissīmaṃ gantvā uposatho kātabbo. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ sāmaggī vā dātabbā, nissīmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ.

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pannaraso hoti, āgantukānaṃ pāṭipado. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ sāmaggī vā dātabbā, nissīmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ. Sace samasamā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ sāmaggī vā dātabbā, nissīmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ nākāmā dātabbā sāmaggī, āvāsikehi nissīmaṃ gantvā uposatho kātabbo’’ti.

Tatrāyaṃ aṭṭhakathā (mahāva. aṭṭha. 178) –

Āvāsikānaṃbhikkhūnaṃ cātuddaso hoti, āgantukānaṃ pannarasoti ettha yesaṃ pannaraso, te tiroraṭṭhato vā āgatā, atītaṃ vā uposathaṃ cātuddasikaṃ akaṃsūti veditabbā. Āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbanti āvāsikehi ‘‘ajjuposatho cātuddaso’’ti pubbakicce kariyamāne anuvattitabbaṃ, na paṭikkositabbaṃ. Nākāmā dātabbāti na anicchāya dātabbāti.

‘‘Anujānāmi bhikkhave’’tiādimhi ayaṃ pavāraṇakkhandhakāgatā pāḷi (mahāva. 240) – idha pana, bhikkhave, sambahulā sandiṭṭhā sambhattā bhikkhū aññatarasmiṃ āvāse vassaṃ upagacchanti, tesaṃ sāmantā aññe bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā vassaṃ upagacchanti ‘‘mayaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vassaṃvutthānaṃ pavāraṇāya pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapessāmā’’ti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tehi bhikkhūhi dve tayo uposathe cātuddasike kātuṃ, kathaṃ mayaṃ tehi bhikkhūhi paṭhamataraṃ pavāreyyāmāti.

Tatrāyaṃ aṭṭhakathā (mahāva. aṭṭha. 240) – dve tayo uposathe cātuddasike kātunti ettha catutthapañcamā dve, tatiyo pana pakatiyāpi cātuddasikoyevāti, tasmā tatiyacatutthā vā tatiyacatutthapañcamā vā dve tayo cātuddasikā kātabbā. Atha catutthe kate suṇanti, pañcamo cātuddasiko kātabbo, evampi dve cātuddasikā honti. Evaṃ karontā bhaṇḍanakārakānaṃ terase vā cātuddase vā ime pannarasīpavāraṇaṃ pavāressantīti.

Tattha ayaṃ sāratthadīpanīpāṭho (sārattha. ṭī. mahāvagga 3.240) – catutthe kate suṇantīti catutthe pannarasikuposathe kate amhākaṃ pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapessantīti suṇanti. Evampi dve cātuddasikā hontīti tatiyena saddhiṃ dve cātuddasikā hontīti.

Tatrāyaṃ vimativinodanīpāṭho (vi. vi. ṭī. mahāvagga 2.240) – dve cātuddasikā hontīti tatiyapakkhe cātuddasiyā saddhiṃ dve cātuddasikā honti. Bhaṇḍanakārakānaṃ terase vā cātuddase vā ime pannarasīpavāraṇaṃ pavāressantīti iminā yathāsakaṃ uposathakaraṇadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhūnaṃ cātuddasīpannarasīvohāro, na candagatisiddhiyā tithiyā vasenāti dasseti. Kiñcāpi evaṃ ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, rājūnaṃ anuvattitu’’nti (mahāva. 186) vacanato panettha lokiyānaṃ tithiṃ anuvattantehipi attano uposathakkamena cātuddasiṃ pannarasiṃ vā pannarasiṃ cātuddasiṃ vā karonteheva anuvattitabbaṃ, na pana soḷasamadivasaṃ vā terasamadivasaṃ vā uposathadivasaṃ karontehi. Teneva pāḷiyampi (mahāva. 240) ‘‘dve tayo uposathe cātuddasike kātu’’nti vuttaṃ. Aññathā ‘‘dvādasiyaṃ, terasiyaṃ vā uposatho kātabbo’’ti vattabbato. ‘‘Sakiṃ pakkhassa cātuddase vā pannarase vā’’tiādivacanampi (mahāva. 136) upavuttakkameneva vuttaṃ, na tithikkamenāti gahetabbanti.

Na kevalaṃ uposathadivasāyeva tayo honti, atha kho pavāraṇādivasāpīti āha ‘‘purimavassaṃvutthānaṃ panā’’tiādi. iti cando vuccati tassa gatiyā divasassa minitabbato, so ettha sabbakalāpapāripūriyā puṇṇoti puṇṇamā. Pubbakattikāya puṇṇamā pubbakattikapuṇṇamā, assayujapuṇṇamā. Sā hi pacchimakattikaṃ nivattetuṃ evaṃ vuttā. Tesaṃyevāti purimavassaṃvutthānaṃyeva. Bhaṇḍanakārakehīti kalahakārakehi. Paccukkaḍḍhantīti ukkaḍḍhanti, bhaṇḍanakārake anuvādavasena assayujapuṇṇamādiṃ pariccajantā pavāraṇaṃ kāḷapakkhaṃ juṇhapakkhanti uddhaṃ kaḍḍhantīti attho, ‘‘suṇantu me, āyasmanto āvāsikā, yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, idāni uposathaṃ kareyyāma, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyāma, āgame kāḷe pavāreyyāmā’’ti, ‘‘suṇantu me, āyasmanto āvāsikā, yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, idāni uposathaṃ kareyyāma, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyāma, āgame juṇhe pavāreyyāmā’’ti (mahāva. 240) ca evaṃ ñattiyā pavāraṇaṃ uddhaṃ kaḍḍhantīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Athāti anantaratthe nipāto. Catuddasannaṃ pūraṇo cātuddaso, divaso. Yaṃ sandhāya ‘‘āgame kāḷe pavāreyyāmā’’ti ñattiṃ ṭhapayiṃsu. Pacchimakattikapuṇṇamā vāti komudicātumāsinipuṇṇamadivaso vā. Yaṃ sandhāya ‘‘āgame juṇhe pavāreyyāmā’’ti ñattiṃ ṭhapayiṃsu. Tasmiṃ pana āgame juṇhe komudiyā cātumāsiniyā avassaṃ pavāretabbaṃ. Na hi taṃ atikkamitvā pavāretuṃ labbhati. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā tampi juṇhaṃ anuvaseyyuṃ. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi sabbeheva āgame juṇhe komudiyā cātumāsiniyā akāmā pavāretabba’’nti (mahāva. 240). Tenevāha ‘‘pacchimavassaṃvutthānañca pacchimakattikapuṇṇamā eva vā’’ti. Yadi hi taṃ atikkamitvā pavāreyya, dukkaṭāpattiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘na ca, bhikkhave, apavāraṇāya pavāretabbaṃ aññatra saṅghasāmaggiyā’’ti (mahāva. 233). Visuddhipavāraṇāyogato pavāraṇādivasā. Pi-saddena na kevalaṃ pavāraṇādivasāva , atha kho tadaññe uposathadivasāpi hontīti dasseti. Idampīti pavāraṇattayampi. Tathārūpapaccayeti bahutarāvāsikādipaccaye. Dvinnaṃ kattikapuṇṇamānanti pubbakattikapacchimakattikasaṅkhātānaṃ dvinnaṃ assayujakomudipuṇṇamānaṃ.

Idāni yo so sāmaggiuposathadivaso vutto, tañca tappasaṅgena sāmaggipavāraṇādivasañca dassento ‘‘yadā panā’’tiādimāha. Tattha osārite tasmiṃ bhikkhusminti ukkhittake bhikkhusmiṃ osārite, taṃ gahetvā sīmaṃ gantvā āpattiṃ desāpetvā kammavācāya kammapaṭippassaddhivasena pavesiteti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa vatthussāti tassa adhikaraṇassa. Tadā ṭhapetvā cuddasapannarase añño yo koci divaso uposathadivaso nāma hotīti sambandho. Kasmāti āha ‘‘tāvadeva uposatho kātabbo. ‘Pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabba’nti vacanato’’ti. Tattha tāvadevāti taṃ divasameva. Vacanatoti kosambakakkhandhake (mahāva. 475) vuttattā. Yatra pana pattacīvarādīnaṃ atthāya appamattakena kāraṇena vivadantā uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapenti, tattha tasmiṃ adhikaraṇe vinicchite ‘‘samaggā jātamhā’’ti antarā sāmaggiuposathaṃ kātuṃ na labhanti, karontehi anuposathe uposatho kato nāma hoti.

Kattikamāsabbhantareti ettha kattikamāso nāma pubbakattikamāsassa kāḷapakkhapāṭipadato paṭṭhāya yāva aparakattikapuṇṇamā, tāva ekūnatiṃsarattidivā, tassa abbhantare. Tato pure vā pana pacchā vā vaṭṭati. Ayamevāti yo koci divasoyeva. Idhāpi kosambakakkhandhake sāmaggiyā sadisāva sāmaggī veditabbā. Ye pana kismiñcideva appamattake pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapetvā samaggā honti, tehi pavāraṇāyameva pavāraṇā kātabbā, tāvadeva na kātabbā, karontehi apavāraṇāya pavāraṇā katā nāma hoti, ‘‘na kātabbāyevā’’ti niyamena yadi karoti, dukkaṭanti dasseti. Tattha hi uposathakaraṇe dukkaṭaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘na, bhikkhave, anuposathe uposatho kātabbo aññatra saṅghasāmaggiyā’’ti (mahāva. 183).

169.Saṅghe uposatho nāma ekasīmāyaṃ sannipatitena catuvaggādisaṅghena kattabbo uposatho, so ca pātimokkhuddesoyeva. Gaṇe uposatho nāma ekasīmāyaṃ sannipatitehi dvīhi, tīhi vā bhikkhūhi kattabbo uposatho, so ca pārisuddhiuposathoyeva. Puggale uposatho nāma ekasīmāyaṃ nisinnena ekena bhikkhunā kattabbo uposatho, so ca adhiṭṭhānuposathoyeva. Tenāha ‘‘kārakavasena aparepi tayo uposathā’’ti. Kattabbākāravasena vuttesu tīsu uposathesu suttuddeso nāma pātimokkhuddeso. So duvidho ovādapātimokkhuddeso ca āṇāpātimokkhuddeso ca. Tatra ovādova pātimokkhaṃ, tassa uddeso sarūpena kathanaṃ ovādapātimokkhuddeso. ‘‘Imasmiṃ vītikkame ayaṃ nāma āpattī’’ti evaṃ āpattivasena āṇāpanaṃ paññāpanaṃ āṇā. Sesaṃ anantarasadisameva.

Tattha ovādapātimokkhuddeso nāma –

‘‘Khanti paramaṃ tapo titikkhā;

Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā;

Na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī;

Na samaṇo hoti paraṃ viheṭhayanto.

‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;

Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Anupavādo anupaghāto, pātimokkhe ca saṃvaro;

Mattaññutā ca bhattasmiṃ, pantañca sayanāsanaṃ;

Adhicitte ca āyogo, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183-185) –

Imā tisso gāthā.

Tattha khanti paramaṃ tapoti adhivāsanakhanti nāma paramaṃ tapo. Titikkhāti khantiyā eva vevacanaṃ, titikkhāsaṅkhātā adhivāsanakhanti uttamaṃ tapoti attho. Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadantīti sabbākārena pana nibbānaṃ paramanti vadanti buddhā. Na hi pabbajito parūpaghātīti yo adhivāsanakhantivirahitattā paraṃ upaghāteti bādhati vihiṃsati, so pabbajito nāma na hoti . Catutthapādo pana tasseva vevacanaṃ. ‘‘Na hi pabbajito’’ti etassa hi na samaṇo hotīti vevacanaṃ. ‘‘Parūpaghātī’’ti etassa paraṃ viheṭhayantoti vevacanaṃ. Atha vā parūpaghātīti sīlūpaghātī. Sīlañhi uttamaṭṭhena paranti vuccati. Yo ca samaṇo paraṃ yaṃ kañci sattaṃ viheṭhayanto parūpaghātī hoti attano sīlavināsako, so pabbajito nāma na hotīti attho. Atha vā yo adhivāsanakhantiyā abhāvā parūpaghātī hoti, paraṃ antamaso ḍaṃsamakasampi sañcicca jīvitā voropeti, so na hi pabbajito. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Malassa apabbajitattā. ‘‘Pabbājayamattano malaṃ, tasmā ‘pabbajito’ti vuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 388) idañhi pabbajitalakkhaṇaṃ. Yopi na heva kho upaghāteti na māreti, apica daṇḍādīhi viheṭheti, sopi paraṃ viheṭhayanto na samaṇo hoti. Kiṃkāraṇā? Vihesāya asamitattā. ‘‘Samitattā hi pāpānaṃ, samaṇoti pavuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 265) idañhi samaṇalakkhaṇaṃ.

Dutiyagāthāya sabbapāpassāti sabbākusalassa. Akaraṇanti anuppādanaṃ. Kusalassāti catubhūmakakusalassa. Upasampadāti upasampādanaṃ paṭilābho. Sacittapariyodapananti attano cittassa vodāpanaṃ pabhassarabhāvakaraṇaṃ sabbaso parisodhanaṃ, taṃ pana arahattena hoti, iti sīlasaṃvarena sabbapāpaṃ pahāya lokiyalokuttarāhi samathavipassanāhi kusalaṃ sampādetvā arahattaphalena cittaṃ pariyodapetabbanti etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ ovādo anusiṭṭhi.

Tatiyagāthāya anupavādoti vācāya kassaci anupavadanaṃ. Anupaghātoti kāyena kassaci upaghātākaraṇaṃ. Pātimokkheti yaṃ taṃ pātimokkhaṃ paatimokkhaṃ atipamokkhaṃ uttamasīlaṃ. Pāti vā agativisesehi mokkheti duggatibhayehi, yo vā naṃ pāti, taṃ mokkhetīti pātimokkhanti vuccati, tasmiṃ pātimokkhe ca. Saṃvaroti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamalakkhaṇo saṃvaro. Mattaññutāti paṭiggahaṇaparibhogavasena pamāṇaññutā. Pantañca sayanāsananti janasaṅghaṭṭanavirahitaṃ nijjanasambādhaṃ vivittaṃ senāsanañca. Ettha ca dvīhiyeva paccayehi catupaccayasantoso dīpitoti veditabbo paccayasantosasāmaññena itaradvayassapi lakkhaṇahāranayena jotitattā. Adhicitte ca āyogoti vipassanāpādakaṃ aṭṭhasamāpatticittaṃ adhicittaṃ, tatopi maggaphalacittameva adhicittaṃ, tasmiṃ yathāvutte adhicitte āyogo ca anuyogo cāti attho. Etaṃ buddhāna sāsananti etaṃ parassa anupavadanaṃ, anupaghātanaṃ , pātimokkhasaṃvaro, paṭiggahaṇaparibhogesu mattaññutā , aṭṭhasamāpattivasibhāvāya vivittasenāsanasevanañca buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ ovādo anusiṭṭhīti. Imā pana tisso gāthāyo sabbabuddhānaṃ pātimokkhuddesagāthā hontīti veditabbā, taṃ buddhā eva uddisanti, na sāvakā. ‘‘Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho’’tiādinā (mahāva. 134) nayena vuttaṃ āṇāpātimokkhaṃ nāma, taṃ sāvakā eva uddisanti, na buddhā. Idameva ca imasmiṃ atthe pātimokkhanti adhippetaṃ.

Anupagato nāma tattheva upasampanno, asatiyā purimikāya anupagato vā. Cātumāsiniyanti catumāsiyaṃ. Sā hi catunnaṃ māsānaṃ pāripūribhūtāti cātumāsī, sā eva ‘‘cātumāsinī’’ti vuccati, tassaṃ cātumāsiniyaṃ, pacchimakattikapuṇṇamāsiyanti attho. Kāyasāmagginti kāyena samaggabhāvaṃ, hatthapāsūpagamananti vuttaṃ hoti.

Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo – sace purimikāya pañca bhikkhū vassaṃ upagatā pacchimikāyapi pañca, purimehi ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā pavārite pacchimehi tesaṃ santike pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo, na ekasmiṃ uposathagge dve ñattiyo ṭhapetabbā. Sace pacchimikāya upagatā cattāro tayo dve eko vā hoti, eseva nayo. Atha purimikāya cattāro, pacchimikāyapi cattāro tayo dve eko vā, eseva nayo. Atha purimikāya tayo, pacchimikāya tayo dve eko vā, eseva nayo. Idañhettha lakkhaṇaṃ – sace purimikāya upagatehi pacchimikāya upagatā thokatarā ceva honti samasamā ca, saṅghapavāraṇāya ca gaṇaṃ pūrenti, saṅghapavāraṇāvasena ñatti ṭhapetabbā. Sace pana pacchimikāya eko hoti, tena saddhiṃ te cattāro honti, catunnaṃ saṅghañattiṃ ṭhapetvā pavāretuṃ na vaṭṭati. Gaṇañattiyā pana so gaṇapūrako hoti, tasmā gaṇavasena ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā purimehi pavāretabbaṃ. Itarena tesaṃ santike pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo. Sace purimikāya dve, pacchimikāya dve vā eko vā, etthāpi eseva nayo. Sace purimikāyapi eko, pacchimikāyapi eko, ekena ekassa santike pavāretabbaṃ, ekena pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo. Sace purimehi vassūpagatehi pacchā vassūpagatā ekenapi adhikatarā honti, paṭhamaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitvā pacchā thokatarehi tesaṃ santike pavāretabbaṃ. Kattikacātumāsinipavāraṇāya pana sace paṭhamavassūpagatehi mahāpavāraṇāya pavāritehi pacchā upagatā adhikatarā vā samasamā vā honti, pavāraṇāñattiṃ ṭhapetvā pavāretabbaṃ, tehi pavārite pacchā itarehi pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo. Atha mahāpavāraṇāya pavāritā bahū honti, pacchā vassūpagatā thokā vā eko vā, pātimokkhe uddiṭṭhe pacchā tesaṃ santike tena pavāretabbanti.

Ṭhapetvā pana pavāraṇādivasaṃ aññasmiṃ kāleti aññasmiṃ uposathadivase. Uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkheti ‘‘pariyositamatte uddissamāne’’ti apariyosite āgate sati avasesassa pātimokkhassa sotabbattā pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Avuṭṭhitāyātiādīnipi pātimokkhassa niṭṭhitakālameva parisāya visesetvā vadati. Samasamā vāti purimehi samaparimāṇā. Thokatarā vāti purimehi thokataraparimāṇā. Etena bahutaresu āgatesu puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ, na pārisuddhiuposatho kātabboti dasseti.

Ekaṃsaṃuttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvāti ekasmiṃ aṃse sādhukaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvāti attho. Suttanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.345) pana ‘‘ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvāti ettha pana puna saṇṭhāpanena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekaṃsanti ca vāmaṃsaṃ pārupitvā ṭhitassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yato yathā vāmaṃsaṃ pārupitvā ṭhitaṃ hoti, tathā cīvaraṃ katvāti evamassa attho veditabbo’’ti vuttaṃ. Añjaliṃ paggahetvāti dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjaliṃ ukkhipitvā. Sace pana tattha pārivāsikopi atthi, saṅghanavakaṭṭhāne nisīditvā tattheva nisinnena attano pāḷiyā pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo. Pātimokkhe pana uddisiyamāne pāḷiyā anisīditvā pāḷiṃ vihāya hatthapāsaṃ amuñcantena nisīditabbaṃ. Pavāraṇāyapi eseva nayo.

Sabbaṃ pubbakaraṇīyanti sammajjanādinavavidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ. Iminā bahūnaṃ vasanaṭṭhāneyeva uposathadivase pubbakiccaṃ kātabbaṃ na hoti, atha kho ekassa vasanaṭṭhānepi kātabbaṃyevāti dasseti. Yathā ca sabbo saṅgho sabhāgāpattiṃ āpajjitvā ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante saṅgho…pe… paṭikarissatī’’ti (mahāva. 171) ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ labhati, evametthāpi tīhi ‘‘suṇantu me, āyasmantā, ime bhikkhū sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpannā, yadā aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ suddhaṃ anāpattikaṃ passissanti, tadā tassa santike taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissantī’’ti gaṇañattiṃ ṭhapetvā, dvīhipi ‘‘aññaṃ suddhaṃ passitvā paṭikarissāmā’’ti vatvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Ekenapi ‘‘parisuddhaṃ labhitvā paṭikarissāmī’’ti ābhogaṃ katvā kātuṃ vaṭṭati.

Tadahūti tasmiṃ ahu, tasmiṃ divaseti attho. Nānāsaṃvāsakehīti laddhinānāsaṃvāsakehi. Anāvāso nāma navakammasālādiko yo koci padeso . Aññatra saṅghenāti saṅghappahonakehi bhikkhūhi vinā. Aññatra antarāyāti pubbe vuttaṃ dasavidhamantarāyaṃ vinā. Sabbantimena pana paricchedena attacatutthe vā antarāye vā sati gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā ca āvāsādayo na gantabbā, evaṃ sace vihāre uposathaṃ karonti, uposathādhiṭṭhānatthaṃ sīmāpi nadīpi na gantabbā. Sace panettha koci bhikkhu hoti, tassa santikaṃ gantuṃ vaṭṭati, vissaṭṭhauposathāpi āvāsā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Evaṃ gato adhiṭṭhātumpi labhati. Āraññakenapi bhikkhunā uposathadivase gāme piṇḍāya caritvā attano vihārameva āgantabbaṃ. Sace aññaṃ vihāraṃ okkamati, tattha uposathaṃ katvāva āgantabbaṃ, akatvā āgantuṃ na vaṭṭati, yaṃ jaññā ‘‘ajjeva tattha gantuṃ sakkomī’’ti evarūpo pana āvāso gantabbo. Tattha bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karontenapi hi iminā neva uposathantarāyo kato bhavissatīti.

170.Bahi uposathaṃ katvā āgatenāti nadiyā vā sīmāya vā yattha katthaci uposathaṃ katvā āgatena chando dātabbo, ‘‘kato mayā uposatho’’ti acchituṃ na labhatīti adhippāyo. Kiccapasuto vāti gilānupaṭṭhānādikiccapasuto vā. Saṅgho nappahotīti dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ antarā hatthapāsaṃ avijahitvā paṭipāṭiyā ṭhātuṃ nappahoti.

‘‘Adhammena vagga’’nti ettha ekasīmāya catūsu bhikkhūsu vijjamānesu pātimokkhuddesova anuññāto, tīsu dvīsu ca pārisuddhiuposathova, idha pana tathā akatattā ‘‘adhammenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana chandapārisuddhi saṅghe eva āgacchati, na gaṇe na puggale, tasmā ‘‘vagga’’nti vuttaṃ. Sace pana dve saṅghā ekasīmāyaṃ aññamaññaṃ chandaṃ āharitvā ekasmiṃ khaṇe visuṃ saṅghakammaṃ karonti, ettha kathanti? Keci pana ‘‘taṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ vaggakammattā. Vaggakammaṃ karontānañhi chandapārisuddhi aññattha na gacchati tathā vacanābhāvā, visuṃ visuṃ kammakaraṇatthameva sīmāya anuññātattā cāti gahetabbaṃ. Vihārasīmāya pana saṅghe vijjamānepi kenaci paccayena khaṇḍasīmāya tīsu, dvīsu vā pārisuddhiuposathaṃ karontesu kammaṃ dhammena samaggameva bhinnasīmaṭṭhattāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe pārisuddhiṃ dentena chandampi dātuṃ, santi saṅghassa karaṇīya’’nti (mahāva. 165) vuttattā bhagavato āṇaṃ karontena ‘‘chandaṃ dammī’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande tattheva pakkamati, aññassa dātabbo chando’’tiādivacanato (mahāva. 165) puna attano chandadānaparissamavinodanatthaṃ ‘‘chandaṃ me harā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande saṅghappatto sañcicca nāroceti, āhaṭo hoti chando, chandahārakassa āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti vuttattā dukkaṭato taṃ mocetuṃ ‘‘chandaṃ me ārocehī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kāyena vā vācāya vā ubhayena vā viññāpetabboti manasāva acintetvā kāyappayogaṃ karontena yena kenaci aṅgapaccaṅgena vā, vācaṃ pana nicchāretuṃ sakkontena tatheva vācāya vā, ubhayathāpi sakkontena kāyavācāhi vā viññāpetabbo, jānāpetabboti attho. ‘‘Ayamattho’’tivacanato pana yāya kāyacipi bhāsāya viññāpetuṃ vaṭṭati.

Pārisuddhidānepi chandadāne vuttasadisova vinicchayo, taṃ pana dentena paṭhamaṃ santī āpatti desetabbā. Na hi sāpattiko samāno ‘‘pārisuddhiṃ dammi, pārisuddhiṃ me hara, pārisuddhiṃ me ārocehī’’ti vattumarahati. ‘‘Santi saṅghassa karaṇīyānī’’ti vattabbe vacanavipallāsena ‘‘santi saṅghassa karaṇīya’’nti vuttaṃ. Tesañca attano ca chandapārisuddhiṃ detīti ettha chando ca pārisuddhi ca chandapārisuddhi ca chandapārisuddhi, taṃ detīti sarūpekasesena attho daṭṭhabbo. Itarāti aññesaṃ chandapārisuddhi. Biḷālasaṅkhalikā chandapārisuddhīti ettha biḷālasaṅkhalikā nāma biḷālabandhanaṃ. Tattha hi saṅkhalikāya paṭhamavalayaṃ dutiyavalayaṃyeva pāpuṇāti, na tatiyaṃ, evamayampi chandapārisuddhi dāyakena yassa dinnā, tato aññattha na gacchati, tasmā sā biḷālasaṅkhalikasadisattā ‘‘biḷālasaṅkhalikā’’ti vuttā. Biḷālasaṅkhalikāggahaṇañcettha yāsaṃ kāsañci saṅkhalikānaṃ upalakkhaṇamattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

173. Pavāraṇādānepi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – tattha ‘‘chandaṃ me ārocehī’’ti, idha pana ‘‘mamatthāya pavārehī’’ti. Tattha chandahārake saṅghassa hatthaṃ upagatamatteyeva āgatā hoti. Idha pana evaṃ dinnāya pavāraṇāya pavāraṇāhārakena saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ pavāretabbaṃ ‘‘tisso, bhante, bhikkhu…pe… paṭikarissāmī’’ti. Vimativinodaniyaṃ ‘‘evametaṃ dhārayāmi, sutā kho panāyasmantehīti ettha ‘evametaṃ dhārayāmī’ti vatvā uddiṭṭhaṃ kho āyasmanto nidānaṃ, sutā kho panāyasmantehi cattāro pārājikā dhammā’’tiādinā vattabbaṃ. Mātikāṭṭhakathāyañhi evameva vuttaṃ. Sutenāti sutapadena.

174. Nidānuddese aniṭṭhite pātimokkhaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ nāma na hotīti āha ‘‘dutiyādīsu uddesesū’’tiādi.

175.Tīhipi vidhīhīti osāraṇakathanasarabhaññehi. Ettha ca atthaṃ bhaṇitukāmatāya vā bhaṇāpetukāmatāya vā suttassa otāraṇaṃ osāraṇaṃ nāma. Tasseva atthappakāsanā kathanaṃ nāma. Kevalaṃ pāṭhasseva sarena bhaṇanaṃ sarabhaññaṃ nāma. Sajjhāyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvāti ‘‘sajjhāyaṃ karomī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā. Osāretvā pana kathentenāti sayameva pāṭhaṃ vatvā pacchā atthaṃ kathentena. Navavidhanti saṅghagaṇapuggalesu tayo, suttuddesapārisuddhiadhiṭṭhānavasena tayo, cātuddasīpannarasīsāmaggivasena tayoti navavidhaṃ. Catubbidhanti adhammenavaggādi catubbidhaṃ. Duvidhanti bhikkhubhikkhunīnaṃ pātimokkhavasena duvidhaṃ pātimokkhaṃ. Navavidhanti bhikkhūnaṃ pañca, bhikkhunīnaṃ cattāroti navavidhaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ. Katimīti katisaddāpekkhaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Utuvasseyevāti hemantagimhesuyeva. Viññāpetīti ettha manasā cintetvā kāyavikārakaraṇameva viññāpananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ aññassa dātabbā pārisuddhīti pārisuddhidāyakena puna aññassa bhikkhuno santike dātabbā. ‘‘Bhūtaṃ eva sāmaṇerabhāvaṃ ārocetī’’ti vuttattā ūnavīsativassakāle upasampannassa, antimavatthuajjhāpannasikkhāpaccakkhātakādīnaṃ vā yāva bhikkhupaṭiññā vaṭṭati, tāva tehi āhaṭāpi chandapārisuddhi āgacchati. Yadā pana te attano sāmaṇerādibhāvaṃ paṭijānanti, tato paṭṭhāya nāgacchatīti dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pāḷiyampi (mahāva. 164) hi ‘‘dinnāya pārisuddhiyā saṅghappatto vibbhamati…pe… paṇḍako paṭijānāti, tiracchānagato paṭijānāti, ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, āhaṭā hoti pārisuddhī’’ti vuttattā paṇḍakādīnaṃ bhikkhupaṭiññāya vattamānakālesu pana chandapārisuddhiyāva āgamanaṃ siddhameva. Tenāha ‘‘esa nayo sabbatthā’’ti. Ummattakakhittacittavedanāṭṭānaṃ pana pakatattā antarāmagge ummattakādibhāve paṭiññātepi tesaṃ saṅghappattamatteneva chandādi āgacchatīti dasseti.

Bhikkhūnaṃhatthapāsanti iminā gaṇapuggalesu chandapārisuddhiyā anāgamanaṃ dasseti. ‘‘Saṅghappatto’’ti hi pāḷiyaṃ (mahāva. 165) vuttaṃ. Saṅghasannipātato paṭhamaṃ kātabbaṃ pubbakaraṇaṃ saṅghasannipāte kātabbaṃ pubbakiccanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘no ce adhiṭṭhaheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti ettha asañcicca assatiyā anāpatti. Yathā cettha, evaṃ uparipi, yattha pana acittakāpatti atthi, tattha vakkhāma. Paññattaṃ hotīti iminā na sāpattikena uposatho kātabboti visuṃ paṭikkhepābhāvepi yathāvuttasuttasāmatthiyato paññattamevāti dasseti. Iminā eva nayena ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ tathāgato aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathaṃ kareyya, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyā’’tiādisuttanayatova (a. ni. 8.20; udā. 45; cūḷava. 386) alajjīhi saddhiṃ uposathakaraṇampi paṭikkhittameva alajjīniggahatthattā sabbasikkhāpadānanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pārisuddhidānapaññāpanenāti iminā sāpattikena pārisuddhipi na dātabbāti dīpitaṃ hoti.

176.Ubhopi dukkaṭanti ettha sabhāgāpattibhāvaṃ ajānitvā kevalaṃ āpattināmeneva desentassa paṭiggaṇhantassa ca acittakameva dukkaṭaṃ hotīti vadanti. Yathā saṅgho sabhāgāpattiṃ āpannoti ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ labhati, evaṃ tayopi ‘‘suṇantu me, āyasmantā, ime bhikkhū sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpannā’’tiādinā vuttanayānusāreneva gaṇañattiṃ ṭhapetvā dvīhi aññamaññaṃ ārocetvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Ekena pana sāpattikena dūraṃ gantvāpi paṭikātumeva vaṭṭati, asampāpuṇantena ‘‘bhikkhū labhitvā paṭikarissāmī’’ti uposatho kātabbo, paṭikaritvā ca puna uposatho kātabbo . Kenaci karaṇīyena gantvāti sīmāparicchedato bahibhūtaṃ gāmaṃ vā araññaṃ vā gantvāti attho. Eteneva uposathañattiyā ṭhapanakāle samaggā eva te ñattiṃ ṭhapesunti siddhaṃ. Teneva pāḷiyaṃ (mahāva. 172) ‘‘uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭha’’nti sabbapannarasakesupi vuttaṃ.

Sace pana vuḍḍhataro hotīti pavāraṇadāyako bhikkhu vuḍḍhataro hoti. Evañhi tena tassatthāya pavāritaṃ hotīti ettha evaṃ tena appavāritepi tassa saṅghappattamattena saṅghassa pavāraṇākammaṃ samaggakammameva hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tena ca bhikkhunāti pavāraṇadāyakena bhikkhunā. Bahūpi samānavassikā ekato pavāretuṃ labhantīti ekasmiṃ saṃvacchare laddhupasampadatāya samānupasampadavassā sabbe ekato pavāretuṃ labhantīti attho.

Ettha pana paṇḍitehi cintetabbaṃ vicāretabbaṃ kāraṇaṃ atthi, kiṃ pana tanti? Idāni pātimokkhuddesakāle –

‘‘Sammajjanī padīpo ca, udakaṃ āsanena ca;

Uposathassa etāni, pubbakaraṇanti vuccati.

‘‘Chandapārisuddhiutukkhānaṃ, bhikkhugaṇanā ca ovādo;

Uposathassa etāni, pubbakiccanti vuccati.

‘‘Uposatho yāvatikā ca bhikkhū kammappattā;

Sabhāgāpattiyo ca na vijjanti;

Vajjanīyā ca puggalā tasmiṃ na honti;

Pattakallanti vuccatī’’ti. (mahāva. aṭṭha. 168) –

Imā gāthāyo dhammajjhesakena pāṭhaṃyeva bhaṇāpetvā pātimokkhuddesako atthaṃ katheti. Tato pubbakaraṇapubbakiccāni sammā niṭṭhāpetvā ‘‘desitāpattikassa samaggassa bhikkhusaṅghassa anumatiyā pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ ārādhanaṃ karomā’’ti imaṃ vākyaṃ pāṭhameva ajjhesakena bhaṇāpetvā atthaṃ avatvāva ‘‘sādhū’’ti vatvā pātimokkhaṃ uddisati. Pavāraṇāyapi eseva nayo. ‘‘Pavāraṇāya etānī’’ti ca ‘‘pavāraṇaṃ kātu’’nti ca imāni padāniyeva visiṭṭhāni.

Kiṃ imāni dhammajjhesakassa vacanāni, udāhu pātimokkhuddesakassāti? Kiñcettha – yadi dhammajjhesakassa vacanāni, evaṃ sati gāthāttayaṃ vatvā tāsaṃ atthampi so eva kathetvā etāni pubbakaraṇāni ca etāni pubbakiccāni ca saṅghena katāni, idañca saṅghassa pattakallaṃ samānītaṃ, tasmā ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, pātimokkha’’nti teneva vattabbaṃ siyā. Atha pātimokkhuddesakassa vacanāni, evañca sati ‘‘saṅgho, bhante, theraṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ ajjhesati, uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti dhammajjhesakena yāvatatiyaṃ ajjhosāpetvā ‘‘sammajjanī…pe… vuccatī’’ti gāthaṃ vatvā iti ‘‘aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttāni etāni pubbakaraṇāni katānī’’ti pucchitvā dhammajjhesakena ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘chandapārisuddhi …pe… vuccatī’’ti gāthaṃ vatvā iti ‘‘aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttāni etāni pubbakiccāni katānī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘uposatho…pe… vuccatī’’ti gāthaṃ vatvā iti ‘‘aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttaṃ idaṃ pattakallaṃ samānīta’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘āma bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘pubbakaraṇapubbakiccāni sammā niṭṭhāpetvā pattakalle samānīte samaggassa bhikkhusaṅghassa anumatiyā pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ ārādhanaṃ mayaṃ karomā’’ti pātimokkhuddesakena vattabbaṃ siyā, evaṃ sati ajjhesakaajjhesitabbānaṃ vacanaṃ asaṅkarato jānitabbaṃ bhaveyyāti.

Ettha ca gāthāttayassa aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttabhāvo aṭṭhakathāyameva āgato. Pacchimavākyaṃ pana neva pāḷiyaṃ, na aṭṭhakathāyaṃ, na ṭīkādīsu dissati. Khuddasikkhāpakaraṇepi –

‘‘Pubbakicce ca karaṇe;

Pattakalle samānite;

Suttaṃ uddisati saṅgho;

Pañcadhā so vibhāvito’’ti ca.

‘‘Pubbakicce ca karaṇe;

Pattakalle samānite;

Ñattiṃ vatvāna saṅghena;

Kattabbevaṃ pavāraṇā’’ti ca. –

Vuttaṃ, na vuttaṃ tathā. Mūlasikkhāpakaraṇeyeva tathā vuttaṃ, tasmā ācariyānaṃ attanomati bhaveyya.

Tattha ‘‘pubbakaraṇapubbakiccāni sammā niṭṭhāpetvā’’ti iminā purimagāthādvayassa atthameva kathetvā tatiyagāthāya attho na kathito. ‘‘Desitāpattikassā’’ti iminā ca āpattiyā desitabhāvoyeva kathito, na sabbaṃ pattakallaṃ. Āpattiyā desitabhāve ca sabhāgāpattiyā desitabhāvoyeva pattakallasmiṃ antogadho, na itaro. Vuttañhi kaṅkhāvitaraṇiyaṃ (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) ‘‘etāsu hi sabhāgāpattīsu avijjamānāsu, visabhāgāpattīsu vijjamānāsupi pattakallaṃ hotiyevā’’ti. ‘‘Pubbakaraṇapubbakiccāni sammā niṭṭhāpetvā desitāpattikassa samaggassa bhikkhusaṅghassa anumatiyā pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ ārādhanaṃ karomā’’ti ettakeyeva vutte avasesāni tīṇi pattakallaṅgāni. Seyyathidaṃ – uposatho, yāvatikā ca bhikkhū kammappattā, vajjanīyā ca puggalā tasmiṃ na hontīti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 168). Tesu asantesupi uposatho kātabboti āpajjati, na pana kātabbo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘na, bhikkhave, anuposathe uposatho kātabbo, yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (mahāva. 183) ca, ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitu’’nti (mahāva. 168) ca, ‘‘na, bhikkhave, sagahaṭṭhāya parisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabba’’ntiādi (mahāva. 154) ca, tasmā uposathadivasesu saṅghe sannipatite sace pubbeva sammato dhammajjhesako atthi, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce, ekaṃ byattaṃ paṭibalaṃ bhikkhuṃ saṅghena sammannāpetvā tena dhammajjhesakena pātimokkhuddesakaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – saṅgho, bhante, theraṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ ajjhesati, uddisatu thero pātimokkhaṃ. Dutiyampi, bhante, saṅgho…pe… tatiyampi, bhante, saṅgho…pe… uddisatu thero pātimokkhanti tikkhattuṃ yācāpetvā tato pātimokkhuddesakena –

‘‘Sammajjanī padīpo ca, udakaṃ āsanena ca;

Uposathassa etāni, pubbakaraṇanti vuccatīti. (mahāva. aṭṭha. 168; kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) –

Aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttāni cattāri pubbakaraṇāni, kiṃ tāni katānī’’ti pucchite dhammajjhesakena ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti vutte puna pātimokkhuddesakena –

‘‘Chandapārisuddhiutukkhānaṃ, bhikkhugaṇanā ca ovādo;

Uposathassa etāni, pubbakiccanti vuccatīti. (mahāva. aṭṭha. 168; kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) –

Aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttāni pañca pubbakiccāni, kiṃ tāni katānī’’ti pucchite dhammajjhesakena ‘‘āma bhante’’ti vutte puna pātimokkhuddesakena –

‘‘Uposatho yāvatikā ca bhikkhū kammappattā;

Sabhāgāpattiyo ca na vijjanti;

Vajjanīyā ca puggalā tasmiṃ na honti;

Pattakallanti vuccatīti. (mahāva. aṭṭha. 168; kaṅkhā aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) –

Aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttāni cattāri pattakallaṅgāni, kiṃ tāni samānītānī’’ti pucchite dhammajjhesakena ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti vutte puna pātimokkhuddesako ‘‘pubbakaraṇapubbakiccāni sammā niṭṭhāpetvā pattakallaṅge samānīte saṅghassa anumatiyā pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmā’’ti vatvā ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’ti bhikkhusaṅghena sampaṭicchite ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho’’tiādinā pātimokkhuddesako pātimokkhaṃ uddisatīti ayamamhākaṃ khanti.

Ettha ca ‘‘dhammajjhesakena…pe… evamassa vacanīyo’’ti vuttaṃ, so dhammajjhesakena vacanīyabhāvo kathaṃ veditabboti? ‘‘Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ, yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (mahāva. 154) vacanatoti. ‘‘Saṅghena sammannāpetvā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ kathanti? ‘‘Ajjhesanā cettha saṅghena sammatadhammajjhesakāyattā vā saṅghattherāyattā vā’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā. ‘‘Saṅgho, bhante, theraṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ ajjhesati, uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti ayaṃ ajjhesanākāro kuto labbhatīti? Pāḷito. Pāḷiyañhi (mahāva. 155) ‘‘te theraṃ ajjhesanti, uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti āgato.

Sace pana dhammajjhesako vuḍḍhataro, pātimokkhuddesako navako, ‘‘saṅgho, āvuso, āyasmantaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ ajjhesati, uddisatu āyasmā pātimokkha’’nti vattabbaṃ. Taṃ kuto labbhati? Pāḷitoyeva. Pāḷiyañhi (mahāva. 155) ‘‘eteneva upāyena yāva saṅghanavakaṃ ajjhesanti uddisatu āyasmā pātimokkha’’nti āgato. Tato ‘‘pātimokkhuddesakena sammajjanī…pe… pucchite dhammajjhesakena ‘āma, bhante’ti vutte’’ti idaṃ kuto labbhatīti? Pāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca. Nidānapāḷiyampi hi ‘‘kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakicca’’nti āgataṃ, aṭṭhakathāyampi (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) ‘‘kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakiccanti saṅgho uposathaṃ kareyyāti…pe… evaṃ dvīhi nāmehi navavidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ dassitaṃ, kiṃ taṃ katanti pucchatī’’ti āgatanti.

Nanu cetaṃ antonidāneyeva āgataṃ, atha kasmā pātimokkhuddesakena pubbabhāge vattabbanti? Saccaṃ, tathāpi tadanulomato jānitabbato vattabbaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyañhi imā gāthāyo sammajjanādīnaṃ pubbakaraṇādibhāvañāpakabhāveneva vuttā, na pātimokkhārambhakāle bhaṇitabbabhāvena. Atha ca pana idāni bhaṇanti, evaṃ sante kimatthaṃ bhaṇantīti cintāyaṃ antonidāne ‘‘kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakicca’’nti vuttapucchānulomena pubbakaraṇādīnaṃ niṭṭhabhāvapucchanatthaṃ bhaṇantīti jānitabbaṃ. Vuttañhi ‘‘evaṃ vuttaṃ catubbidhaṃ pubbakaraṇaṃ katvāva uposatho kātabbo’’ti (vi. saṅga. aṭṭha. 177), tasmā pāḷiaṭṭhakathānulomato iminā anukkamena kate sati dhammajjhesako paññāyati, tassa ajjhesanākāro paññāyati, pātimokkhuddesako paññāyati, tassa pubbakaraṇādīnaṃ niṭṭhabhāvapucchanaṃ paññāyati, dhammajjhesakassa vissajjanaṃ paññāyati, tāni niṭṭhāpetvā pātimokkhuddesakassa pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ paṭiññā paññāyati, evaṃ imesaṃ gāthāvākyānaṃ vacane payojanaṃ paññāyatīti katvā paṇḍitehi vinayaññūhi cirapaṭicchanno ayaṃ kathāmaggo paṭipajjitabboti. Pavāraṇāyapi eseva nayo.

Pāḷiyaṭṭhakathādīnañhi , anurūpaṃ imaṃ nayaṃ;

Punappunaṃ cintayantu, paṇḍitā vinayaññuno.

Punappunaṃ cintayitvā, yuttaṃ ce dhārayantu taṃ;

No ce yuttaṃ chaḍḍayantu, sammāsambuddhasāvakāti.

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