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The Order of Languages of Dictionaries to Show?
+ - {{ "zh_TW" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Dīghanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dīghanikāya") }}
+ - Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi") }}
2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Mahāvaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mahāvaggapāḷi") }}
3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ") }}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Pāthikavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Pāthikavaggapāḷi") }}
8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimanikāya") }}
+ - Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Sīhanādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sīhanādavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Opammavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Opammavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Mahāyamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Mahāyamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Cūḷayamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Cūḷayamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Gahapativaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Gahapativaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Tikanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tikanipātapāḷi") }}
(7) 2. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(7) 2. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Dvattiṃsākāro
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Dvattiṃsākāro") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Kumārapañhā
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Kumārapañhā") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Ratanasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Ratanasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ") }}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Translation")}}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - {{ "en_US" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Ekakanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Ekakanipātapāḷi") }}
3. Akammaniyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Akammaniyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Adantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Adantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dukanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dukanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Kammakaraṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Kammakaraṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Samacittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Samacittavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Parisavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Parisavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(10) 5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(10) 5. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}

Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ

1. Paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā

Idha pana ṭhatvā sikkhāpadānaṃ kamabhedo pakāsetabbo. Kathaṃ – sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ desanākkamo, pahānakkamo, paṭipattikkamo, uppattikkamoti catubbidho kamo labbhati. Tattha bhagavatā rājagahe bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujānantena pātimokkhuddesassa yo desanākkamo anuññāto, taṃ desanākkamaṃ anukkamantova mahākassapo paṭhamaṃ pārājikuddesaṃ pucchi, tadanantaraṃ saṅghādisesuddesaṃ, tadanantaraṃ aniyatuddesaṃ, tadanantaraṃ vitthāruddesaṃ. Tadanantaraṃ bhikkhunivibhaṅgañca teneva anukkamena pucchi. Tato paraṃ tayo āpattikkhandhe saṅgahetuṃ vinā gaṇanaparicchedena sekhiyadhamme pucchi. Āpattikkhandhe sabhāgato paṭṭhāya pucchanto vīsatikhandhake pucchi. Nidānuddesantogadhānaṃ vā sarūpena anuddiṭṭhānaṃ pucchanatthaṃ khandhake pucchi. Etena khandhake paññattā thullaccayāpi saṅgahitā honti. Pucchitānukkameneva āyasmā upālitthero byākāsi. Ayamettha desanākkamo. Ubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakato pana uccinitvā tadā parivāro visuṃ pāḷi kato, imameva vacanaṃ sandhāya aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘eteneva upāyena khandhakaṃ parivārepi āropayiṃsū’’tiādi (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgaītikathā). Apica pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘eteneva upāyena ubhatovibhaṅge pucchi. Puṭṭho puṭṭho āyasmā upāli vissajjesī’’ti (cūḷava. 439) ettakameva vuttaṃ. Tasmā thero ubhatovibhaṅge eva pucchi. Vissajjanto pana āyasmā upāli niravasesaṃ dassento khandhakaparivāre anto katvā desesi. Gaṇasajjhāyakāle pana tadā khandhakaparivārā visuṃ pāḷi katāti ayamettha desanākkamo.

Yadi evaṃ nidānuddeso paṭhamadesanāti ce? Na, uposathakkhandhake (mahāva. 133) ‘‘yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadāni paññattāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyya’’nti vacanato, ‘‘yassa siyā āpattī’’ti (mahāva. 134) vacanato ca. Akusalābyākatānaṃ āpattīnaṃ diṭṭhadhammasamparāyikāsavaṭṭhāniyattā yathābhūtaṃ sīlasaṃvarakena parivajjanena pahātabbattā pahānakkamopettha sambhavati ‘‘tāvadeva cattāri akaraṇīyāni ācikkhitabbānī’’ti vacanato. Tathā ‘‘samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū’’ti (ma. ni. 3.75; vibha. 508) vacanato yathābhūtaṃ ācikkhanasikkhanena paṭipattikkamopi sambhavati. Yathuddesakkamaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbapariyattiatthenāpi paṭipattikkamo, evamimehi tīhi kamehi desetabbānametesaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ uppattikkamo sambhavati. Tathā hi yaṃ yaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ, taṃ taṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha uppanne eva vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yā pana bhikkhunī chandaso methunaṃ dhamma’’ntiādinā nayena bhikkhunīnampi paññattaṃ. Yato bhikkhunīnaṃ taṃ anuppannapaññatti na siyā, tato anuppannapaññatti tasmiṃ natthīti (pari. 201-202) parivāravacanaṃ na virujjhati. Ettāvatā purimena kamattayena yaṃ paṭhamaṃ desetabbaṃ, taṃ pārājikuddese paṭhamuppannattā methunadhammapārājikaṃ sabbapaṭhamaṃ desetukāmo āyasmā upālitthero ‘‘tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharatī’’ti (pārā. 23) vesāliyameva pāpetvā ṭhapesi.

Idāni sabbesaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ paññāpanavidhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyāthā’’ti (pārā. 39, 43) evaṃ sauddesaanuddesabhedato duvidhaṃ. Tattha pātimokkhe sarūpato āgatā pañca āpattikkhandhā sauddesapaññatti nāma. Sāpi dvidhā sapuggalāpuggalaniddesabhedato. Tattha yassā paññattiyā anto āpattiyā saha, vinā vā puggalo dassito, sā sapuggalaniddesā. Itarā apuggalaniddesā.

Tattha sapuggalaniddesā dvidhā adassitadassitāpattibhedato. Tattha adassitāpattikā nāma aṭṭha pārājikā dhammā veditabbā. ‘‘Pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso’’ti (pārā. 39, 44, 89, 91, 167, 171, 195, 197) hi puggalova tattha dassito, nāpatti. Dassitāpattikā nāma bhikkhunipātimokkhe āgatā sattarasa saṅghādisesā dhammā. ‘‘Ayampi bhikkhunī paṭhamāpattikaṃ dhammaṃ āpannā nissāraṇīyaṃ saṅghādisesa’’nti (pāci. 683, 687) hi tattha āpatti dassitā saddhiṃ puggalena.

Tathā apuggalaniddesāpi adassitadassitāpattibhedato dvidhā. Tattha adassitāpattikā nāma sekhiyā dhammā. Vuttāvasesā dassitāpattikāti veditabbā.

Sāpi dvidhā aniddiṭṭhakārakaniddiṭṭhakārakabhedato. Tattha aniddiṭṭhakārakā nāma sukkavisaṭṭhimusāvādomasavādapesuññabhūtagāmaaññavādakaujjhāpanakagaṇabhojanaparamparabhojanasurāmerayaaṅgulipatodakahasadhammaanādariyatalaghātakajatumaṭṭhakasikkhāpadānaṃ vasena pañcadasavidhā honti. Tattha niddiṭṭhakārake missāmissabhedo veditabbo – tattha upayogabhummavibhattiyo ekaṃsena missā. Avasesā missā ca amissā ca. Seyyathidaṃ – paccattaṃ tāva dvīsu aniyatesu upayogena missaṃ, dvādasasu pāṭidesanīyesu karaṇena missaṃ, ūnapañcabandhanapattasikkhāpadesu sāmikaraṇehi, ūnavīsativasse bhummena, mohanake upayogasāmibhummehi. Yasmā ‘‘vivaṇṇaka’’nti bhāvo adhippeto, na kattā, tasmā vivaṇṇakasikkhāpadaṃ yadā na sambhavati, evaṃ paccattaṃ pañcavidhaṃ missaṃ hoti. Sesesu paṭhamāniyataṃ ṭhapetvā ādimhi ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti evamāgataṃ paccattaṃ vā, dutiyāniyataṃ ṭhapetvā paṇītabhojanasamaṇuddesatatiyacatutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadesu majjhe ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti evamāgataṃ paccattaṃ vā, dubbacakuladūsakasaṃsaṭṭhasikkhāpadesu ādimhi kevalaṃ ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti āgataṃ paccattaṃ vā, bhedānuvattakasikkhāpade majjhe āgataṃ paccattaṃ vā aññāya vibhattiyā amissameva hoti. Tattha bhedānuvattakatuvaṭṭanadvayasaṃsaṭṭhadutiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadesu bahuvacanaṃ, itarattha sabbattha ekavacanamevāti veditabbaṃ.

Tathā upayogo dvīsu vikappanasikkhāpadesu, tantavāyasikkhāpade ca paccattena misso, abhihaṭasikkhāpade karaṇena, rājasikkhāpade karaṇasāmipaccattehīti upayogo tidhā misso hoti. Karaṇañca kuṭikāramahallakadutiyakathinadvebhāganisīdanasanthatadubbaṇṇakaraṇasikkhāpadesu chasu paccattena missaṃ, paṭhamatatiyakathinaaṭṭhaṅgulapādakanisīdanakaṇḍuppaṭicchādikavassikasāṭikaudakasāṭikadvedhammapaccāsīsanasikkhāpadesu aṭṭhasu sāminā missanti karaṇaṃ dvidhā missaṃ hoti. Avasesesu chabbassavassikasāṭikadvatticchadanāvasathapiṇḍamahānāmagarulahupāvuraṇasikkhāpadesu sattasu karaṇavibhatti aññavibhattiyā amissā, accekaeḷakalomasikkhāpadesu sāmivibhatti karaṇavibhattiyā missā. Atirekapattabhesajjasikkhāpadesu aggahitaggahaṇena sāmivibhatti amissāva hotīti veditabbā. Evaṃ tāva niddiṭṭhakārakesu sikkhāpadesu –

Pañcadhā ca tidhā ceva, dvidhā cepi tathekadhā;

Bhinnā vibhattiyo pañca, sabbekādasadhā siyuṃ.

Evaṃ tāva yathāvuttesu sauddesapaññattisaṅkhātesu sikkhāpadesu aggahitaggahaṇena paññāsuttaresu tisatesu navutianiddiṭṭhakārake vajjetvā niddiṭṭhakārakāni atirekasaṭṭhidvisatāni honti. Tesu paccattakaraṇāni tiṃsuttarāni dvisatāni honti. Tesu amissapaccattakaraṇāni dvādasuttarāni dvisatāni, missapaccattakaraṇāni aṭṭhārasa honti. Avasesesu tiṃsatiyā sikkhāpadesu missopayogakaraṇāni pañca honti, missakaraṇāni cuddasa, amissāni satta, missāmissakaraṇāni dve, amissāni dveti sabbesupi niddiṭṭhakārakesu bhedānuvattakadubbacakuladūsakapaṭhamadutiyatatiyakathinaabhihaṭakuṭikāramahallakavikappanadvayadvebhāgachabbassanisīdanasanthataeḷakalomātirekapattabhesajjavassikasāṭikatantavāyaaccekachārattadva pañcattiṃsesu ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti natthi. Dutiyāniyatapaṇītabhojanasamaṇuddesatatiyacatutthapāṭidesanīyesu majjhe atthi.

Ettāvatā sauddesānuddesadukaṃ, sapuggalāpuggalaniddesadukaṃ, paccekadassitāpattidukadvayaṃ, aniddiṭṭhakārakadukaṃ, tattha niddiṭṭhakārakesu paccattabhummadukaṃ, sayopanāyopanadukaṃ, ayopanamajjheyopanadukaṃ, ekānekavacanadukanti nava dukāni dassitāni honti. Visesakāraṇaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade sampatte āvibhavissati. Evaṃ tāva sauddesapaññattiṃ ñatvā sesavinayapiṭake yā kāci paññatti anuddesapaññattīti veditabbā. Sā padabhājanantarāpattivinītavatthupaṭikkhepapaññattiavuttasiddhisikkhāpadavasena chabbidhā hoti.

Tattha ‘‘yebhuyyena khayite āpatti thullaccayassa (pari. 157-158), vaṭṭakate mukhe acchupantassa āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pārā. 73) evamādikā padabhājane sandissamānāpatti padabhājanasikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Na ca, bhikkhave, sabbamattikāmayā kuṭi kātabbā, yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’tiādi (pārā. 85) antarāpattisikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, divāpaṭisallīyantena dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā paṭisallīyitu’’nti (pārā. 77) evamādi vinītavatthusikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Saṅghabhedako, bhikkhave, anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo’’ti (mahāva. 115) evamādi paṭikkhepasikkhāpadaṃ nāma.

Yasmā pana tena tena paṭikkhepena ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu samaggaṃ saṅghaṃ adhammasaññī bhindeyya, pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso. Yo pana bhikkhu duṭṭhacitto bhagavato jīvamānakasarīre lohitaṃ uppādeyya, pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso’’ti sikkhāpadāni paññattāni honti. Yāni sandhāya ‘‘ekassa chejjakā hoti, catunnaṃ thullaccayaṃ, catunnañceva anāpatti, sabbesaṃ ekavatthukā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Atthāpatti tiṭṭhante bhagavati āpajjati, no parinibbute’’ti (pari. 323) ca vuttaṃ. Tena na kevalaṃ ‘‘na, bhikkhave, jānaṃ saṅghabhedako anupasampanno upasampādetabbo…pe… āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti idameva sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti sādhakaṃ hoti. ‘‘Paṇḍako, bhikkhave, anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo, upasampanno nāsetabbo’’ti (mahāva. 109) evamādīsu pana upajjhāyādīnaṃ dukkaṭameva paññattaṃ, na paṇḍakādīnaṃ pārājikāpatti. Na hi tesaṃ bhikkhubhāvo atthi. Yato siyā pārājikāpatti. Tathā ‘‘na acchinne theve pakkamitabba’’nti (mahāva. 66, 67, 78, 79) evamādikañca paṭikkhepasikkhāpadameva nāma.

Khandhakesu paññattadukkaṭathullaccayāni paññattisikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Tena hi, sāriputta, bhedānuvattake thullaccayaṃ desāpehī’’ti (cūḷava. 345) vuttaṃ, thullaccayampi tattheva samodhānaṃ gacchati. Idaṃ tesaṃ vibhattikammakkhaṇe apaññattattā avijjamānampi bhagavato vacanena visuddhakkhaṇepi vijjamānaṃ jātanti eke. ‘‘Bhedānuvattake desāpehī’’ti vacanato sesabhedānuvattakānaṃ ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ saṅghabhedakānaṃ anuvatteyya, āpatti thullaccayassā’’ti sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Tathā sabbāni khandhakavattāni, vinayakammāni ca tattheva samodhānaṃ gacchanti. Yathāha ‘‘paññatte taṃ upāli mayā āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āgantukavattaṃ…pe… evaṃ supaññatte kho mayā upāli sikkhāpade’’tiādi. ‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī naccaṃ vā gītaṃ vā vāditaṃ vā dassanāya gaccheyya , pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 834) iminā suttena bhikkhunī nacceyya vā gāyeyya vā vādeyya vā, pācittiyanti evamādikaṃ yaṃ kiñci aṭṭhakathāya dissamānaṃ āpattijātaṃ vinayakammaṃ vā avuttasiddhisikkhāpadaṃ nāma. Chabbidhampetaṃ chahi ākārehi uddesārahaṃ na hotīti anuddesasikkhāpadaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – pañcahi uddesehi yathāsambhavaṃ visabhāgattā thullaccayadubbhāsitānaṃ sabhāgavatthukampi dukkaṭathullaccayadvayaṃ asabhāgāpattikattā antarāpattipaññattisikkhāpadānaṃ, nānāvatthukāpattikattā paṭikkhepasikkhāpadānaṃ, kesañci vinītavatthupaññattisikkhāpadānañca adassitāpattikattā, adassitavatthukattā bhedānuvattakathullaccayassa, adassitāpattivatthukattā avuttasiddhisikkhāpadānanti. Ettāvatā ‘‘duvidhaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ sauddesānuddesabhedato’’ti yaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ samāsato pakāsitaṃ hoti.

Paññattiyaṃ tāva –

‘‘Kārako idha niddiṭṭho, apekkhāya abhāvato;

Pubbe vattabbavidhānā-bhāvato ca ādito yopanena sahā’’ti. –

Ayaṃ nayo veditabbo. Tassattho – ye te aniddiṭṭhakārakā pubbe vuttappabhedā sukkavisaṭṭhiādayo sikkhāpadavisesā, tesu adhippāyakammavatthupuggalapayoge apekkhāya bhāvato kārako na niddiṭṭho tesaṃ sāpekkhabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade āvibhavissati, idha pana pārājikapaññattiyaṃ apekkhāya abhāvato kārako niddiṭṭho. Yo pana kārako ‘‘niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṃ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmi’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 462, 472, 475) viya pubbe vattabbavidhānābhāvato karaṇādivasena aniddisitvā paccattavasena niddiṭṭho apekkhāya abhāvato. Tattha niddisiyamāno sesadutiyāniyatapaṇītabhojanaṃ samaṇuddesatatiyacatautthapāṭidesanīyesu viya majjhe aniddisitvā ‘‘na heva kho pana…pe… obhāsitu’’ntiādi (pārā. 453) viya pubbe vattabbavidhānābhāvato eva ādimhi niddiṭṭho. Ādimhi niddisiyamānopi pubbe vuttappabhedesu bhedānuvattakādīsu pañcattiṃsesu sikkhāpadesu viya aniddisitvā pubbe vattabbavidhānābhāvato eva ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’tiāditova yopana-saddena saha niddiṭṭho. Evaṃ niddisiyamānopi so yasmā ‘‘yā pana bhikkhuniyo dve ekamañce tuvaṭṭeyyu’’ntiādi (pāci. 933) āpatti viya parappabhavaṃ āpattiṃ na āpajjati, tasmā ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti ekavacanena niddiṭṭho. Methunadhammāpattipi parappabhavā ‘‘dvayaṃdvayasamāpattī’’ti (pārā. 39) vacanatoti ce? Taṃ na, adhippāyajānanato. Anekissā eva bhikkhuniyā āpatti, na ekissāti niyamo tattha atthi, na evaṃ idha niyamoti aniyamitādhippāyo. Lambīmudupiṭṭhīnaṃ kuto ‘‘dvayaṃdvayasamāpattī’’ti (pārā. 55) vacanato tesaṃ methunadhammāpatti. Ayamattho catasso methunadhammapaccayāti aṭṭhavatthukaṃ sandhāya ‘‘chejjaṃ siyā methunadhammapaccayā’’ti (pari. 481) ca parivāre vuttavacanena sādhetabbo.

Bhedānuvattakasikkhāpade tiṇṇaṃ uddhaṃ na samanubhāsitabbā, na saṅghena saṅghaṃ ekato kātabbanti. Nayadassanatthaṃ āditova ‘‘bhikkhū hontī’’ti bahuvacananiddesaṃ katvā puna ‘‘eko vā dve vā tayo vā’’ti (pārā. 418) vuttaṃ, aññathā na tato uddhaṃ ‘‘anuvattakā hontī’’ti āpajjati. Tato nidānavirodho. Pañcasatamattā hi tadanuvattakā ahesuṃ. Yaṃ pana sattasatikakkhandhake ‘‘saṅgho cattāro pācīnake bhikkhū, cattāro pāveyyake bhikkhū sammanneyya …pe… sammatā’’tiādi (cūḷava. 456) ñattidutiyakammaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ ‘‘ubbāhikāya imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametu’’nti vuttattā tehi kattabbavidhānaṃ. Sammutikaraṇameva vā tatiyaṃ katvā kappati. Na hi te tena kammena kammārahā kammakatā honti. Yassa saṅgho kammaṃ karoti, so kammārahoti lakkhaṇaṃ. Na ca tadā saṅgho tesaṃ aṭṭhannampi bhikkhūnaṃ kammaṃ akāsi. Bhajāpiyamānā te kammapattabhāvaṃ bhajanti. Adhikaraṇavūpasamakammassa pattā yuttā saṅghena katāti katvā kammapattā eva hi te honti. ‘‘Te bhikkhū bhikkhūhi yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsitabbā tassa paṭinissaggāyā’’ti (pārā. 418) vacanato tehi kattabbavidhānaṃ. Sammutikaraṇameva kammaṃ hotīti ce? Taṃ na, adhippāyajānanato, tassa paṭinissaggāya eva te bhikkhū kammārahā kātabbā, na dosāgativasenāti ayamettha adhippāyo. Na hi pācīnakādīnaṃ sammutiyā adhikaraṇavūpasamasiddhi viya tesaṃ samanubhāsanakammena tassa paṭinissaggasiddhi hoti, sammuti nāmesā paṭhamaṃ anumatiṃ gahetvā yācitvāva karīyati, na tathā kammanti. Kammakaraṇe pana tadatthasiddhi hotiyeva. Parasammutiyā bahutarāva sammannitabbāti veditabbaṃ.

‘‘Methunadhamma’’nti evaṃ bāhullanayena laddhanāmakaṃ sakapayogena vā parapayogena vā attano nimittassa sakamagge vā paramagge vā paranimittassa vā sakamagge eva pavesanapaviṭṭhaṭṭhitauddharaṇesu yaṃ kiñci ekaṃ paṭisādiyanavasena seveyya, pārājiko hoti asaṃvāsoti. Keci pana ‘‘pavesanādīni cattāri vā tīṇi vā dve vā ekaṃ vā paṭiseveyya, pārājiko hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘so ce pavesanaṃ sādiyati, paviṭṭhaṃ sādiyati, ṭhitaṃ sādiyati, uddharaṇaṃ sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassā’tiādī’’ti (pārā. 58) vadanti. Tesaṃ matena catūsupi catasso pārājikāpattiyo āpajjati. Teyeva evaṃ vadanti – āpajjatu methunadhammapārājikāpatti, methunadhammapārājikāpattiyā taṃbhāgiyāti attano vītikkame pārājikāpattiyo, saṅghādisesāpattiñca āpajjitvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya gahaṭṭhakāle methunādikaṃ pārājikaṃ āpajjitvā puna pabbajitvā upasampajjitvā ekaṃ saṅghādisesāpattiṃ ekamanekaṃ vā paṭikaritvāva so puggalo yasmā nirāpattiko hoti, tasmā so gahaṭṭhakāle sāpattikovāti. Antimavatthuajjhāpannassāpi attheva āpatti. Vuṭṭhānadesanāhi pana asujjhanato ‘‘payoge payoge āpatti pārājikassā’’ti na vuttaṃ. Gaṇanapayojanābhāvato kiñcāpi na vuttaṃ, atha kho padabhājane (pārā. 58) ‘‘āpatti pārājikassā’’ti vacanenāyamattho siddhoti yuttiñca vadanti.

Yadi evaṃ mātikāyampi ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyya, pārājika’’nti vattabbaṃ bhaveyya, pārājikassa anavasesavacanampi na yujjeyya. Sabbepi hi āpattikkhandhe, bhikkhugaṇanañca anavasesetvā tiṭṭhatīti anavasesavacananti katvā paveseva āpatti, na paviṭṭhādīsu. Tamevekaṃ sandhāya ‘‘yassa siyā āpattī’’ti (mahāva. 134) pārājikāpattimpi anto katvā nidānuddesavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tasmā mātikāyaṃ ‘‘pārājika’’nti avatvā ‘‘pārājiko hotī’’ti (pārā. 42, 44) puggalaniddesavacanaṃ tena sarīrabandhanena upasampadāya abhabbabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. ‘‘Āpatti pārājikassā’’ti padabhājane vacanaṃ antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannassāpi pārājikassa asaṃvāsassa sato puggalassa atheyyasaṃvāsakabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. Na hi so saṃvāsaṃ sādiyantopi theyyasaṃvāsako hoti, tasmā upasampanno ‘‘bhikkhū’’tveva vuccati. Tenevāha ‘‘asuddho hoti puggalo aññataraṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpanno, tañce suddhadiṭṭhi samāno anokāsaṃ kārāpetvā akkosādhippāyo vadati, āpatti omasavādena dukkaṭassā’’ti (pārā. 389) anupasampannassa tadabhāvato siddho so upasampanno ‘‘bhikkhū’’tveva vuccatīti, tena padasodhammaṃ, sahaseyyañca janeti, bhikkhupesuññādiñca janetīti veditabbaṃ (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 39).

Nidānā mātikābhedo, vibhaṅgo tanniyāmako;

Tato āpattiyā bhedo, anāpatti tadaññathāti. (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 43-44) –

Ayaṃ nayo veditabbo. Tattha sudinnavatthu (pārā. 24 ādayo)-makkaṭivatthu (pārā. 40 ādayo)-vajjiputtakavatthu (pārā. 43) cāti tippabhedavatthu imassa sikkhāpadassa nidānaṃ nāma. Tato nidānā ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ…pe… asaṃvāso’’ti (pārā. 44) imissā mātikāya bhedo jāto. Tattha hi ‘‘antamaso tiracchānagatāyā’’ti (pārā. 44) itthiliṅgavasena ‘‘saccaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, tañca kho itthiyā, no purise, no paṇḍake, no ubhatobyañjanake cā’’ti makkaṭipārājiko viya aññopi lesaṃ oḍḍetuṃ sakkoti, tasmā tādisassa alesokāsassa dassanatthaṃ idaṃ vuccati, makkaṭisaṅkhātā nidānā ‘‘antamaso tiracchānagatāyapī’’ti mātikāya vacanabhedo, na itthiyā eva methunasiddhidassanato. Tasmā vibhaṅgo tanniyāmako tassā mātikāya adhippetatthaniyāmako vibhaṅgoti. Vibhaṅge hi ‘‘tisso itthiyo, tayo ubhatobyañjanakā, tayo paṇḍakā, tayo purisā. Manussitthiyā tayo magge, tiracchānagatapurisassa dve magge’’tiādinā (pārā. 56) nayena sabbalesokāsaṃ pidahitvā niyamo kato. Etthāha – yadi evaṃ sādhāraṇasikkhāpadavasena vā liṅgaparivattanavasena vā na kevalaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, bhikkhunīnampi ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti vibhaṅge vattabbaṃ siyā. Tadavacanena hi bhikkhunī purisaliṅgapātubhāvena bhikkhubhāve ṭhitā evaṃ vadeyya ‘‘nāhaṃ upasampadākaraṇakāle bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpannā, tasmā na apaccakkhātasikkhāpi methunadhammena pārājikā homī’’ti. Vuccate – yathā vuttaṃ, tathā na vattabbaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Tathā vutte bhikkhunīnampi sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ atthīti āpajjati. Tañcāniṭṭhaṃ. Idamaparamaniṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sabbasikkhāpadāni sādhāraṇāneva nāsādhāraṇānī’’ti. Apicāyaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpannāva hotīti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, taṃyeva upajjhaṃ tameva upasampadaṃ tāni vassāni bhikkhūhi saṅgamitu’’ntiādi (pārā. 69) vuttaṃ. Tato āpattiyā bhedoti tato vibhaṅgato ‘‘akkhayite sarīre pārājikaṃ, yebhuyyena khayite thullaccaya’’ntiādi (pārā. 73, pari. 157) āpattiyā bhedo hoti. Anāpatti tadaññathāti tato eva vibhaṅgato yena ākārena āpatti vuttā, tato aññenākārena anāpattibhedova hoti. ‘‘Sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassa, na sādiyati, anāpattī’’ti hi vibhaṅge asati na paññāyati. Ettāvatā ‘‘nidānā mātikābhedo’’ti ayaṃ gāthā samāsato vuttatthā hoti. Visesakāraṇaṃ pana tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade āvibhavissati.

Paṭhamapaññatti tāva paṭhamabodhiṃ atikkamitvā paññattattā, āyasmato sudinnassa aṭṭhavassikakāle paññattattā ca rattaññumahattaṃ pattakāle paññattā, dutiyapaññatti bāhusaccamahattaṃ pattakāle. So hi āyasmā makkaṭipārājiko yathā mātugāmappaṭisaṃyuttesu sikkhāpadesu tiracchānagatitthī na adhippetā, tathā idhāpīti saññāya ‘‘saccaṃ, āvuso…pe… tañca kho manussitthiyā, no tiracchānagatāyā’’ti (pārā. 41) āha. Tatiyapaññatti lābhaggamahattaṃ pattakāle uppannā ‘‘yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā’’tiādi (pārā. 43) vacanato, vepullamahattampi ettheva labbhatīti imaṃ paṭhamapārājikasikkhāpadaṃ tividhampi vatthuṃ upādāya catubbidhampi taṃ kālaṃ patvā paññattanti veditabbaṃ.

Tattha yo panāti anavasesapariyādānapadaṃ. Bhikkhūti tassa atippasaṅganiyamapadaṃ. Bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpannoti tassa visesanavacanaṃ. Na hi sabbopi bhikkhunāmako, yā bhagavatā yāya kāyaci upasampadāya upasampannabhikkhūnaṃ heṭṭhimaparicchedena sikkhitabbā sikkhā vihitā , ‘‘ettha saha jīvantī’’ti yo ca sājīvo vutto, taṃ ubhayaṃ samāpannova hoti. Kadā pana samāpanno hoti? Yāya kāyaci upasampadāya upasampannasamanantarameva tadubhayaṃ jānantopi ajānantopi tadajjhupagatattā samāpannova nāma hoti. Saha jīvantīti yāva sikkhaṃ na paccakkhāti, pārājikabhāvaṃ vā na pāpuṇāti. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sikkhaṃ paripūrento sikkhāsamāpanno sājīvaṃ avītikkamanto sājīvasamāpanno’’ti, taṃ ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena vuttaṃ. Na hi sikkhaṃ aparipūrento, kāmavitakkādibahulo vā ekaccaṃ sāvasesaṃ sājīvaṃ vītikkamanto vā sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno nāma na hoti.

Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedena pana catukkaṃ labbhati – ‘‘atthi bhikkhu sikkhāsamāpanno sīlāni paccavekkhanto na sājīvasamāpanno acittakaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamanto, atthi na sikkhāsamāpanno kāmavitakkādibahulo sājīvasamāpanno nirāpattiko, atthi na sikkhāsamāpanno na ca sājīvasamāpanno anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno, atthi ubhayasamāpanno sikkhaṃ paripūrento sājīvañca avītikkamanto’’ti. Ayamettha catuttho bhikkhu ukkaṭṭho idha adhippeto siyā. Na hi bhagavā anukkaṭṭhaṃ vattuṃ yuttoti ce? Na, ‘‘tatra yāyaṃ adhisīlasikkhā, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā sikkhā’’ti vacanavirodhato, ukkaṭṭhaggahaṇādhippāye sati ‘‘sikkhāti tisso sikkhā’’ti ettakameva vattabbanti adhippāyo. Sikkhattayasamāpanno hi sabbukkaṭṭho. ‘‘Methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyyā’’ti parato vacanaṃ apekkhitvā adhisīlasikkhāva vuttāti ce? Na, tassāpi abhabbattā. Na hi adhisīlasikkhaṃ paripūrento, sājīvañca avītikkamanto methunadhammaṃ paṭisevituṃ bhabbo, taṃ sikkhaṃ aparipūrento, sājīvañca vītikkamantoyeva hi paṭiseveyyāti adhippāyā. Tasmā evamettha attho gahetabbo. Yasmā sikkhāpadasaṅkhāto sājīvo adhisīlasikkhameva saṅgaṇhāti, na itarasikkhādvayaṃ, tasmā ‘‘tatra yāyaṃ adhisīlasikkhā, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā sikkhā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā adhisīlasikkhāya saṅgāhako sājīvo sikkhāsājīvoti vutto. Iti sājīvavisesanatthaṃ sikkhāggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Tadatthadīpanatthameva vibhaṅge sikkhaṃ aparāmasitvā ‘‘tasmiṃ sikkhati, tena vuccati sājīvasamāpanno’’ti (pārā. 45) vuttaṃ. Tena ekamevidaṃ atthapadanti dīpitaṃ hoti. Tañca upasampadūpagamanantarato paṭṭhāya sikkhanādhikārattā ‘‘sikkhatī’’ti ca ‘‘samāpanno’’ti ca vuccati. Yo evaṃ ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti saṅkhaṃ gato, tādisaṃ paccayaṃ paṭicca aparabhāge sājīvasaṅkhātameva sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya tasmiṃyeva dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyyāti ayamattho yujjati.

Kintu aṭṭhakathānayo paṭikkhitto hoti, so ca na paṭikkhepāraho hoti, adhippāyo panettha pariyesitabbo. Sabbesu sikkhāpadesu idameva bhikkhulakkhaṇaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ yadidaṃ ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti. Khīṇāsavopi sāvako āpattiṃ āpajjati acittakaṃ, tathā sekkho, puthujjano pana sacittakampi, tasmā sekkhāsekkhaputhujjanānaṃ sāmaññamidaṃ bhikkhulakkhaṇanti katvā kevalaṃ sikkhāsamāpanno, kevalaṃ sājīvasamāpanno, ubhayasamāpanno cāti sarūpekadesaekasesanayena ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’tveva sampiṇḍetvā ukkaṭṭhaggahaṇena anukkaṭṭhānaṃ gahaṇasiddhito aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ukkaṭṭhova vutto. Tameva sampādetuṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ sikkhati, tena vuccati sājīvasamāpanno’’ti ettha sikkhāsaddassa avacane parihāraṃ vatvā yasmā pana so sikkhampi samāpanno, tasmā sikkhāsamāpannotipi atthato veditabboti ca vatvā ‘‘yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ apaccakkhāya, yañca sājīvaṃ samāpanno, tattha dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti vuttanti ayamaṭṭhakathāya adhippāyo veditabbo. Etasmiṃ pana adhippāye adhisīlasikkhāya eva gahaṇaṃ sabbatthikattā, sīlādhikārato ca vinayassāti veditabbaṃ. Yathā ca sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyanto sīlaṃ samādiyatīti vuccati, evaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paccakkhanto sīlaṃ paccakkhātīti vattuṃ yujjati, tasmā tattha vuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. sikkhāpaccakkhānavibhaṅgavaṇṇanā). Ettāvatā samāsato ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti ettha vattabbavinicchayo niṭṭhito hoti.

Kiṃ iminā visesavacanena payojanaṃ, nanu ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā…pe… asaṃvāso’’ti ettakameva vattabbanti ce? Na vattabbaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. ‘‘Yo pana sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno theyyasaṃvāsādiko kevalena samaññāmattena, paṭiññāmattena vā bhikkhu, tassāpi sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ atthi, sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya ca methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa pārājikāpatti. Yo vā pacchā pārājikaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, tassa ca, yo vā pakkhapaṇḍakattā paṇḍakabhāvūpagamanena na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, tassa ca tadubhayaṃ atthīti āpajjati. Paṇḍakabhāvapakkhe ca paṇḍako upasampadāya na vatthū’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā itarasmiṃ pakkhe vatthūti siddhaṃ. Tasmiṃ pakkhe upasampanno paṇḍakabhāvapakkhe paṇḍakattā na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, so pariccajitabbāya sikkhāya abhāvena sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya mukhena parassa aṅgajātaggahaṇanayena methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyya, tassa kuto pārājikāpattīti adhippāyo. Ayaṃ nayo apaṇḍakapakkhaṃ alabhamānasseva parato yujjati, labhantassa pana arūpasattānaṃ kusalādisamāpattikkhaṇe bhavaṅgavicchede satipi amaraṇaṃ viya paṇḍakabhāvapakkhepi bhikkhubhāvo atthi. Saṃvāsaṃ vā sādiyantassa na theyyasaṃvāsakabhāvo atthi antimavatthuajjhāpannassa viya. Na ca sahaseyyādiṃ janeti . Gaṇapūrako pana na hoti antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpanno viya. Na so sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno. Itarasmiṃ pana pakkhe hoti, ayaṃ imassa tato viseso. Kimayaṃ sahetuko, udāhu ahetukoti? Na ahetuko. Yato upasampadā tassa apaṇḍakapakkhe anuññātā sahetukappaṭisandhikattā. Paṇḍakabhāvapakkhepi kissa nānuññātāti ce? Paṇḍakabhūtattā opakkamikapaṇḍakassa viya.

Apica ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti iminā tassa sikkhāsamādānaṃ dīpetvā taṃ samādinnaṃ sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya, tattha ca dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvāti vattuṃ yujjati, na aññathāti iminā kāraṇena yathāvuttāniṭṭhappasaṅgato ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā cettha, evaṃ ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā gāmā vā araññā vā adinnaṃ…pe… yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ kārāpeyyā’’ti sabbattha yojetabbaṃ.

‘‘Antamaso tiracchānagatāyapī’’ti manussitthiṃ upādāya vuttaṃ. Na hi pageva paṇḍake, purise vāti vattuṃ yujjati. Sesaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayameva . Ayaṃ tāva mātikāya vinicchayo aññatthāpi yathāsambhavaṃ yojetvā dīpetabbo.

Sāriputtabelaṭṭhasīsānandādayopi sikkhāpadapaññattikāraṇattā ca āpattiāpajjanato ca kasmā mahāvibhaṅge ñatticatutthaupasampadāyeva āgatāti? Paṭikkhittāya saraṇagamanūpasampadāya anuññātappasaṅgabhayāti upatissatthero. Āpattiyā bhabbataṃ sandhāya tasmimpi vutte pubbe paṭikkhittāpi bhagavatā puna anuññātāti bhikkhūnaṃ micchāgāho vā vimati vā uppajjati, tasmā na vuttāti vuttaṃ hoti.

‘‘Adhammakammaṃ vaggakamma’’ti (mahāva. 387) vacanato kuppakammampi katthaci ‘‘kamma’’nti vuccati, tasmā ‘‘akuppenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā akuppakammampi ekaccaṃ na ṭhānārahaṃ, yena apatto osāraṇaṃ suosāritoti vuccati, tasmā ‘‘ṭhānārahenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ṭhānārahenā’’ti idameva vattabbaṃ iminā akuppasiddhitoti ce? Na, aṭṭhānārahena akuppena upasampanno imasmiṃ atthe na adhippeto aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Dvīhi panetehi ekato vuttehi ayamattho paññāyati – kevalaṃ tena akuppena upasampanno ayampi imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti, ṭhānārahena ca akuppena ca upasampanno ayampi imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti, kuppena upasampanno nādhippetoti.

‘‘Paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya aparipuṇṇavīsativasso’’ti vuttattā opapātikañcāti soḷasavassuddesikā opapātikā paṭisandhito paṭṭhāya aparipuṇṇavīsativassāti vadanti. ‘Soḷasavassuddesikā hontī’ti vuttattā puna cattāri vassāni icchitabbāni, ‘paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāyā’ti idaṃ gabbhaseyyakānaṃ vasena vutta’’nti eke. ‘‘Keci vadantī’’ti yattha yattha likhīyati, tattha tattha vicāretvā atthaṃ suṭṭhu upalakkhaye. Opakkamike paṇḍakabhāvo āruḷhanayena veditabbo. ‘‘Pakkhapaṇḍako apaṇḍakapakkhe pabbājetvā paṇḍakapakkhe nāsetabbo’’ti (vajira. ṭī. mahāvagga 109) likhitaṃ.

‘‘Binduṃ adatvā ce nivāseti, theyyasaṃvāsako na hotī’’ti vadanti, vīmaṃsitabbaṃ. Liṅgānurūpassāti sāmaṇerārahassa saṃvāsassa sāditattāti adhippāyo.

Rājabhayādīhi gahitaliṅgānaṃ ‘‘gihī maṃ ‘samaṇo’ti jānantū’’ti vañcanacitte satipi bhikkhūnaṃ vañcetukāmatāya ca tehi saṃvasitukāmatāya ca abhāvā doso na jātoti. ‘‘Yo evaṃ pabbajati, so theyyasaṃvāsako nāma hotī’’ti vā ‘‘evaṃ kātuṃ na labbhatī’’ti vā ‘‘evaṃ pabbajito sāmaṇero na hotī’’ti vā na jānāti, vaṭṭati. ‘‘Jānāti, na vaṭṭatī’’ti ca likhitaṃ. ‘‘Rājadubbhikkhādiatthāya cīvaraṃ pārupitvā saṃvāsaṃ sādiyanto theyyasaṃvāsako hoti. Kasmā? Asuddhacittattā. Puna so ‘suddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ karissāmi, kiṃ etenāti vippaṭisārena vā paccayādisulabhatāya vā karissāmī’ti suddhamānaso hutvā yāva so saṃvāsaṃ nādhivāseti, tāva theyyasaṃvāsako na hoti. Evaṃ suddhacittuppattito paṭṭhāya saṃvāsaṃ sādiyati ce, theyyasaṃvāsako hotīti adhippeto. Itarathā sabbaṃ virujjhatī’’ti eke.

‘‘Nābhiparāmāsādinā jāto tathārūpaṃ pitaraṃ ghāteti ce, pitughātako hotī’’ti vadanti.

Yo pana kāyasaṃsaggena sīlavināsaṃ pāpeti, na so bhikkhunidūsako ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ maggāna’’nti vacanato. Bhikkhuniṃ pana ekatoupasampannaṃ dūsetvāpi bhikkhunidūsako hoti, sopi pārājiko hotīti vinicchayo. Bhikkhunī pana theyyasaṃvāsikā, mātupituarahantaghātikā, lohituppādikā, titthiyapakkantikā ca hoti, aṭṭhakathāsu anāgataṃ vinayadharā sampaṭicchanti.

‘‘Sampajānamusāvāde pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 2) vuttaṃ mariyādaṃ avītikkamanto tasmiñca sikkhāpade sikkhatīti vuccati. Sikkhāpadanti asabhāvadhammo saṅketova, idha paññatti adhippetā. ‘‘Methunasaṃvarassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti samantapāsādikāyaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ panatthaṃ sandhāyāti likhitaṃ. Sikkhāti taṃ taṃ sikkhāpadaṃ, sikkhanabhāvena pavattacittuppādo. Sājīvanti paññatti. Tadatthadassanatthaṃ pubbe ‘‘methunasaṃvarassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti vuttaṃ. Yasmā sikkhāya guṇasammatāya puññasammatāya tantiyā abhāvato lokassa dubbalyāvikammaṃ tattha na sambhavati. Patthanīyā hi sā, tasmā ‘‘yañca sājīvaṃsamāpanno, tasmiṃ dubbalabhāvaṃ appakāsetvā’’ti vuttaṃ. Āṇāya hi dubbalyaṃ sambhavatīti upatisso. Dubbalyāvikammapadaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānapadassa byañjanasiliṭṭhatāya vā parivārakabhāvena vā veditabbaṃ. Atha vā yasmā sikkhāpaccakkhānassa ekaccaṃ dubbalyāvikammaṃ akataṃ hoti, tasmā taṃ sandhāya ‘‘sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti padassa atthaṃ vivaranto ‘‘dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti āha. Tattha siyā yasmā na sabbaṃ dubbalyāvikammaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ, tasmā ‘‘dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti paṭhamaṃ vatvā tassa atthaniyamatthaṃ ‘‘sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti vattabbanti? Taṃ na, kasmā? Atthānukkamābhāvato. ‘‘Sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti hi vuttattā ‘‘yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ apaccakkhāya, yañca sājīvaṃ samāpanno, tattha dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti vuccamāne anukkameneva attho vutto hoti, na aññathā, tasmā idameva paṭhamaṃ vuttanti. Tesaṃyevāti cuddasannaṃ.

‘‘Sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ sādhāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘ayamettha anupaññattī’’ti vuttaṃ.

Pavesanaṃ nāma aṅgajātaṃ pavesentassa aṅgajātena samphusanaṃ. Paviṭṭhaṃ nāma yāva mūlaṃ pavesentassa vippakatakālo vāyāmakālo. Sukkavisaṭṭhisamaye aṅgajātaṃ ṭhitaṃ nāma. Uddharaṇaṃ nāma nīharaṇakālo. Vinayagaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘vāyāmato oramitvā ṭhānaṃ ṭhitaṃ nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ asaṅkarato dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Pavesanapaviṭṭhauddharaṇakālesupi sukkavisaṭṭhi hotiyeva. Sādiyanaṃ nāma sevanacittassa adhivāsanacittassa uppādanaṃ.

Ubhatovibhaṅge eva paññattāni sandhāya ‘‘idañhi sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ nidāna’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vinayadharapañcamena gaṇena upasampadā’’ti (mahāva. 259) vuttattā idha tatiyā sahayogena vuttā. Tasmā vīsatipi bhikkhū ce nisinnā, pañcamo vinayadharova icchitabbo, evaṃ sati pārājiko ce vinayadharo, upasampadākammaṃ kopetīti ce? Na, parivārāvasāne kammavagge (pari. 482 ādayo) yaṃ kammavipattilakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, tassa tasmiṃ natthitāya. ‘‘Kathaṃ vatthuto vā ñattito vā anussāvanato vā sīmato vā parisato vā’’ti ettakaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu ayaṃ ‘‘parisato vā’’ti vacanena saṅgahitoti ce? Na, ‘‘dvādasahi ākārehi parisato kammāni vipajjantī’’ti (pari. 487) suttassa hi vibhaṅge tassa anāmaṭṭhattāti ayamattho yasmā tattha tattha sarūpena vuttapāḷivaseneva sakkā jānituṃ, tasmā nayamukhaṃ dassetvā saṃkhittoti likhitaṃ. ‘‘Aṅga’’nti padaṃ uddharitvā ‘‘sabbasikkhāpadesu āpattīnaṃ aṅgānaṅgaṃ veditabba’’nti vuttaṃ, idha pana ‘‘aṅga’’nti vuttaṃ, kasmā? Samuṭṭhanādīnaṃ parivārādīsu saṅkhepena āgatattā tattha gahetvā idhāpi niddiṭṭhānaṃ anaṅgānaṃ vavatthānābhāvato, sabbattha saṅkhepato ca vitthārato ca anaṅgatte vuccamāne ativitthāratāya tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade anūnaṃ vattabbato cāti veditabbo, sabbāpattīnaṃ saṅgāhakavasenāti attho.

Yāni sikkhāpadāni ‘‘kiriyānī’’ti vuccanti, tesaṃ vasena kāyavācā saha viññattiyā veditabbā, akiriyānaṃ vasena vinā viññattiyā veditabbā. Cittaṃ panettha appamāṇaṃ bhūtārocanasamuṭṭhānassa kiriyattā, acittakattā ca. Tattha kiriyā āpattiyā anaṅgantaracittasamuṭṭhānā veditabbā. Aviññattijanakampi ekaccaṃ bāhullanayena ‘‘kiriya’’nti vuccati yatheva paṭhamapārājikaṃ. Viññattiyā abhāvepi ‘‘so ce sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassa, na sādiyati, anāpattī’’ti hi vuttaṃ, viññattisaṅkhātāpi kiriyā vinā sevanacittena na hoti vuttacittajattā, vikārarūpattā, cittānuparivattikattā ca. Tasmā kiriyāsaṅkhātamidaṃ viññattirūpaṃ, itaraṃ cittajarūpaṃ viya janakacittena vinā na tiṭṭhati, itaraṃ saddāyatanaṃ tiṭṭhati, tasmā kiriyāya sati ekantato tajjanakaṃ sevanacittaṃ atthi evāti katvā na sādiyati, anāpattīti na yujjatīti. Yasmā viññattijanakampi samānaṃ sevanacittaṃ na sabbakālaṃ viññattiṃ janeti, tasmā vināpi viññattiyā sayaṃ uppajjatīti katvā ‘‘sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Nuppajjati ce, na sādiyati nāma, tassa anāpatti. Teneva bhagavā ‘‘kiṃcitto tvaṃ bhikkhū’’ti (pārā. 135) citteneva āpattiṃ paricchindati, na kiriyāyāti veditabbaṃ.

Ettha samuṭṭhānaggahaṇaṃ kattabbato vā akattabbato vā kāyādibhedāpekkhameva āpattiṃ āpajjati, na aññathāti dassanappayojanaṃ. Tesu kiriyāggahaṇaṃ kāyādīnaṃ saviññattikāviññattikabhedadassanappayojanaṃ. Saññāggahaṇaṃ āpattiyā aṅgānaṅgacittavisesadassanappayojanaṃ. Tena yaṃ cittaṃ kiriyalakkhaṇe vā akiriyalakkhaṇe vā sannihitaṃ, yato vā kiriyā vā akiriyā vā hoti, na taṃ avisesena āpattiyā aṅgaṃ vā anaṅgaṃ vā hoti. Kintu yāya saññāya ‘‘saññāvimokkha’’nti vuccati, tāya sampayuttaṃ cittaṃ aṅgaṃ, itaraṃ anaṅganti dassitaṃ hoti. Idāni yena cittena sikkhāpadaṃ sacittakaṃ hoti, tadabhāvā acittakaṃ, tena tassa avisesena sāvajjatāya ‘‘lokavajjamevā’’ti vuttaṃ. Kintu sāvajjaṃyeva samānaṃ ekaccaṃ lokavajjaṃ, ekaccaṃ paṇṇattivajjanti dassanappayojanaṃ cittalokavajjaggahaṇaṃ. Cittameva yasmā ‘‘lokavajja’’nti vuccati, tasmā manokammampi siyā āpattīti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇappayojanaṃ kammaggahaṇaṃ.

Yaṃ panettha akiriyalakkhaṇaṃ kammaṃ, taṃ kusalattikavinimuttaṃ siyāti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇappayojanaṃ kusalattikaggahaṇaṃ. Yā panettha abyākatāpatti, taṃ ekaccaṃ avedanampi nirodhaṃ samāpanno āpajjatīti vedanāttikaṃ ettha na labbhatīti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ vedanāttikaggahaṇaṃ. Sikkhāpadañhi sacittakapuggalavasena ‘‘ticittaṃ tivedana’’nti laddhavohāraṃ acittakenāpannampi ‘‘ticittaṃ tivedana’’miceva vuccati. Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ – ‘‘atthāpatti acittako āpajjati acittako vuṭṭhāti (pari. 324), atthāpatti kusalacitto āpajjati kusalacitto vuṭṭhātī’’tiādi (pari. 470). ‘‘Sacittakaṃ āpattidīpanaṃ, saññāvimokkhaṃ anāpattidīpanaṃ, acittakaṃ vatthuajānanaṃ, nosaññāvimokkhaṃ vītikkamanājānanaṃ. Idameva tesaṃ nānātta’’nti (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 61-66 pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā) likhitaṃ.

Sacittakapakkheti ettha ayaṃ tāva gaṇṭhipadanayo – sacittakapakkheti surāpānādiacittake sandhāya vuttaṃ. Sacittakesu pana yaṃ ekantamakusaleneva samuṭṭhāti, tañca ubhayaṃ lokavajjaṃ nāma. Surāpānasmiñhi ‘‘surā’’ti vā ‘‘pātuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti vā jānitvā pivane akusalamevāti. Tattha ‘‘na vaṭṭatīti jānitvā’’ti vuttavacanaṃ na yujjati paṇṇattivajjassapi lokavajjatāpasaṅgato. Imaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgaṃ pariharitukāmatāya ca vajirabuddhittherena likhitaṃ – ‘‘idha ‘sacittaka’nti ca ‘acittaka’nti ca vicāraṇā vatthuvijānane eva hoti, na paññattivijānane. Yadi paññattivijānane hoti , sabbasikkhāpadāni lokavajjāneva siyuṃ, na ca sabbasikkhāpadāni lokavajjāni. Tasmā vatthuvijānane eva hotīti idaṃ yujjati. Kasmā? Yasmā sekhiyesu paññattivijānanameva pamāṇaṃ, na vatthumattavijānana’’nti. Ayaṃ panettha attho sikkhāpadasīsena āpattiṃ gahetvā yassa sikkhāpadassa sacittakassa cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, taṃ lokavajjaṃ, sacittakācittakasaṅkhātassa acittakassa ca sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, tampi surāpānādilokavajjanti imamatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘yassā sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, ayaṃ lokavajjā nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Sacittakapakkhe’’ti hi idaṃ vacanaṃ acittakaṃ sandhāyāha. Na hi ekaṃsato sacittakāya ‘‘sacittakapakkhe’’ti visesane payojanaṃ atthīti, evaṃ santepi aniyamena vuttañca niyamavasena eva gahetabbanti attho.

Tiracchānānaṃ panāti pana-saddena thullaccayādikāraṃ nivatteti. Kiriyāti ettha ‘‘ṭhitaṃ sādiyatī’’ti (pārā. 58) vuttattā taṃ kathanti ce? ‘‘Sādiyatī’’ti vuttattā kiriyā eva. Evaṃ sante ‘‘kāyakammaṃ manokamma’’nti vattabbanti ce? Na, pacuravohāravasena ‘‘kāyakamma’’nti vuttattā. Ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalikāya labbhati evāti likhitaṃ. Pubbe vuttanayena saṃsandetvā gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Dunnikkhittassa, bhikkhave, padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo hotī’’ti (a. ni. 2.20) vadantenāpi atthassa sukhaggahaṇatthameva padabyañjanassa sunikkhittabhāvo icchito, na akkharavacanāya, tasmā āha ‘‘atthañhi nātho saraṇaṃ avocā’’tiādi.

Paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Dutiyapārājikavaṇṇanā

Gāmā vā araññā vāti lakkhaṇānupaññattikattā ādimhi vuttā. Sabbasmiñhi vinayapiṭake gāmo, gāmūpacāro, gāmakkhettaṃ, gāmasīmā, gāmasīmūpacāroti pañcavidho gāmabhedo veditabbo. Tathā āraññakasīmāya ekaṃ agāmakaṃ araññaṃ, saṃvidhānasikkhāpadānaṃ (pāci. 180 ādayo) ekaṃ, sagāmakaṃ ekaṃ , avippavāsasīmāya ekaṃ, gaṇamhāohīyanakassa (pāci. 691) ekanti pañcavidho araññabhedo veditabbo. Tattha atthi gāmo na gāmaparihāraṃ katthaci labhati, atthi gāmo na gāmakiccaṃ karoti, tathā atthi araññaṃ na araññaparihāraṃ katthaci labhati, atthi araññaṃ na araññakiccaṃ karotīti ayampi bhedo veditabbo.

Tattha avippavāsasīmāsammannanakammavācāya ṭhapetvā ‘‘gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti (mahāva. 144) ettha gāmo nāma parikkhitto ce, parikkhepassa anto, aparikkhitto ce, parikkhepokāsato anto veditabbo. Ayaṃ udositasikkhāpade ‘‘antogāmo’’ti (pārā. 478) āgato. Sāsaṅkasikkhāpade ‘‘antaraghara’’nti (pārā. 654) āgato anāsaṅkato. Yathāha ‘‘antaraghare nikkhipeyyāti samantā gocaragāme nikkhipeyyā’’ti (pārā. 654). Tathā antaragharappaṭisaṃyuttānaṃ sekhiyānaṃ ayameva paricchedo veditabbo. ‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī ekā gāmantaraṃ gaccheyyā’’ti (pāci. 687) etthāpi ayameva paricchedo adhippeto ‘‘parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepaṃ atikkamantiyā, aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ atikkamantiyā’’ti vuttattā.

Yesu purāṇapotthakesu ‘‘upacāraṃ okkamantiyā’’ti likhitaṃ, taṃ vikāle gāmappavesanasikkhāpadesu āciṇṇaṃ nayaṃ gahetvā pamādena likhīyati, na pamāṇaṃ. Yesu ca potthakesu vikāle gāmappavesanasikkhāpadassa vibhaṅge (pāci. 513) ‘‘gāmaṃ paviseyyāti parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepaṃ atikkamantassa, aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ atikkamantassā’’ti likhīyati, sā pamādalekhā. Upacāraṃ okkamantassāti tattha pāṭho. Vuttañhi samantapāsādikāyaṃ ‘‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāro adinnādāne vuttanayeneva veditabbo’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 512). Idha kaṅkhāvitaraṇiyampi vuttaṃ ‘‘santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchitvāti…pe… upacāraṃ okkamantassā’’tiādi (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. vikālagāmappavesanasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā).

Yaṃ pana katthaci potthake ‘‘bhikkhuniyā gāmantarādhikāre ekena pādena itarassa gāmassa parikkhepaṃ vā atikkamante, upacāraṃ vā okkante thullaccayaṃ, dutiyena atikkantamatte, okkantamatte ca saṅghādiseso’’ti pāṭho dissati. Tattha ‘‘okkante, okkantamatte’’ti etāni padāni adhikāni , kevalaṃ likhitakehi aññehi likhitāni. Katthaci potthake ‘‘okkantamatte cā’’ti padaṃ na dissati, itaraṃ dissati. Tāni dve padāni pāḷiyā virujjhanti. ‘‘Aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ atikkāmentiyā’’ti (pāci. 692) hi pāḷi . Tathā samantapāsādikāya (pāci. aṭṭha. 692) virujjhanti. ‘‘Parikkhepārahaṭṭhānaṃ ekena pādena atikkamati, thullaccayaṃ, dutiyena atikkamati, saṅghādiseso. Apicettha sakagāmato…pe… ekena pādena itarassa gāmassa parikkhepe vā upacāre vā atikkante thullaccayaṃ, dutiyena atikkantamatte saṅghādiseso’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 692) hi vuttaṃ.

Gaṇṭhipade cassa ‘‘parikkhepaṃ atikkāmentiyā’’ti vatvā ‘‘upacārepi eseva nayo’’ti vuttaṃ. Anugaṇṭhipade ca ‘‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ ‘okkamantiyā’tipi potthakesu ekaccesu dissati, taṃ na gahetabba’’nti vuttaṃ. Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ ‘atikkāmentiyā’ti vacanenāpi evaṃ veditabbaṃ – vikāle gāmappavesane dvinnaṃ leḍḍupātānaṃ eva vasena upacāro paricchinditabbo, itarathā yathā ettha parikkhepārahaṭṭhānaṃ parikkhepaṃ viya katvā ‘atikkāmentiyā’ti vuttaṃ, evaṃ tatthāpi ‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ atikkāmentassā’ti vadeyya. Yasmā pana tattha parikkhepārahaṭṭhānato uttarimeko leḍḍupāto upacāroti adhippeto. Tasmā tadatthadīpanatthaṃ ‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ okkamantassā’ti vutta’’nti.

Yaṃ pana andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ parikkhepārahaṭṭhānaṃyeva upacāranti sallakkhetvā ‘‘parikkhepapaakkhepārahaṭṭhānānaṃ ninnānākaraṇadīpanatthaṃ upacāraṃ okkamantassā’’ti vuttaṃ, pāḷivisesamasallakkhetvā ‘‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ atikkamantassa idha upacāro parikkhepo yathā bhaveyya, taṃ upacāraṃ paṭhamaṃ pādaṃ atikkāmentassa āpatti dukkaṭassa, dutiyaṃ pādaṃ atikkāmentassa āpatti pācittiyassā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ na gahetabbameva pāḷiyā visesasambhavatoti. Porāṇagaṇṭhipade ‘‘upacāraṃ atikkāmentiyā bhikkhuniyā gāmantarāpattī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā idha kaṅkhāvitaraṇiyā ‘‘ekena pādena itarassa…pe… atikkantamatte saṅghādiseso’’ti ayameva pāṭho veditabbo. Ettāvatā imesu yathāvuttesu ṭhānesu yathāvuttaparicchedova gāmoti veditabbo. Imassa atthassa dīpanatthaṃ ‘‘gāmo nāma ekakuṭikopī’’tiādi (pārā. 92) vuttaṃ. Imassa vasena asatipi parikkhepātikkame, upacārokkamane vā antarārāmato vā bhikkhunupassayato vā titthiyaseyyato vā paṭikkamanato vā taṃ gāmaṃ pavisantassa antarārāmaparikkhepassa, upacārassa vā atikkamanavasena gāmapaccayā āpattiyo veditabbā.

Gāmūpacāro pana ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti (mahāva. 144) ettha parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepova, aparikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepokāsova. Vuttañhetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘gāmūpacāroti parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepo, aparikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepokāso. Tesu adhiṭṭhitatecīvariko bhikkhu parihāraṃ na labhatī’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 144). Kiṃ panettha kāraṇaṃ, yena ayaṃ gāmo, gāmūpacāro ca idha aññathā, aññattha tathāti? Aṭṭhuppattito ‘‘tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū ‘bhagavatā ticīvarena avippavāsasammuti anuññātā’ti antaraghare cīvarāni nikkhipantī’’ti (mahāva. 143) imissā hi aṭṭhuppattiyā ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti (mahāva. 144) vuttaṃ. Tasmā yattha antaragharasaññā, tattha avippavāsasīmā na gacchatīti veditabbā. Tena ca udositasikkhāpade ‘‘antogāme cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antogāme vatthabba’’nti (pārā. 478) ca ‘‘sabhāye vā dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabba’’nti ca vuttaṃ. Kappiyabhūmiyaṃ vasantoyeva hi kappiyabhūmiyaṃ nikkhittacīvaraṃ rakkhati. Sāsaṅkasikkhāpade pana ‘‘yasmā yattha gāme cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tena gāmena vippavasanto cīvarena vippavasatīti vuccati, tasmā puna gāmasīmaṃ okkamitvā vasitvā pakkamatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmiñhi sikkhāpade gāmasīmā gāmo nāmāti adhippeto. Tattha vikāle gāmappavesanasikkhāpadavibhaṅge ‘‘parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepaṃ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassā’’ti (pāci. 513) vacanato parikkhepo na gāmo. Kintu gāmūpacāroti lesena dassitaṃ hoti. Imasmiṃ pana sikkhāpadavibhaṅge ‘‘gāmūpacāro nāmā’’ti ārabhitvā ‘‘aparikkhittassa gāmassa gharūpacāre ṭhitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto’’ti iminā aparikkhittassa parikkhepokāso gāmūpacāroti siddhaṃ. Tadatthasambhavato tasmiṃ gharūpacāre ṭhitassa leḍḍupāto gāmūpacāroti kurundaṭṭhakathāyaṃ, mahāpaccariyampi vuttaṃ . Upacāro hi ‘‘gāmo ekūpacāro nānūpacāro’’tiādīsu dvāraṃ, ‘‘ajjhokāso ekūpacāro’’ti ettha samantā sattabbhantarasaṅkhātaṃ pamāṇaṃ, tasmā ‘‘gāmūpacāroti parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepo, aparikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepokāso’’ti andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā kurundiyaṃ, mahāpaccariyañca. Tathā pāḷiyampi ‘‘ajjhārāmo nāma parikkhittassa ārāmassa anto ārāmo, aparikkhittassa upacāro. Ajjhāvasatho nāma parikkhittassa āvasathassa anto āvasatho, aparikkhittassa upacāro’’tiādīsu dissati. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘gāmūpacāro’’tiādīsu dissati. Tasmā dutiyo leḍḍupāto upacāroti adhippeto.

‘‘Aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ okkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassā’’ti pāḷivisesasambhavato ca paṭhamo leḍḍupāto gāmo eva, dutiyo gāmūpacāroti vuttaṃ. Parikkhittassa pana gāmassa indakhīle ṭhitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto gāmūpacāroti vuttanti ettha bhedo natthi. Ettāvatā parikkhittassa duvidho upacāro, aparikkhittassa catubbidho upacāro yattha sambhavati, yattha ca na sambhavati, taṃ sabbaṃ dassitaṃ hoti.

Gāmakhettassa ca gāmasīmāya ca lakkhaṇaṃ aṭṭhakathāyameva vuttaṃ. Ubhayañhi atthato ekaṃ. Tattha gāmasīmāya gāmabhāvo sāsaṅkasikkhāpadavasena veditabbo.

Gāmasīmūpacāro nāma manussānaṃ kaṭṭhatiṇapupphaphalādiatthikānaṃ vanacarakānaṃ valañjanaṭṭhānaṃ. Imassa gāmasīmūpacārabhāvo udositasikkhāpade, ‘‘agāmake araññe samantā sattabbhantarā’’ti (pārā. 494) āgataṭṭhāne khandhake (mahāva. 147) ca veditabbo. Ettha hi bhagavā gāmantavāsīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sīmaṃ dassento ‘‘yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharatī’’ti (mahāva. 147) vatvā dasseti. Tadanantarameva ‘‘agāmake’’tiādinā sattabbhantarasīmaṃ dasseti. Tasmā yo bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya na viharati, kevalaṃ nāvāyaṃ vā thalamaggena vā addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti, tassa tattha tattha sattabbhantarasīmā labbhatīti veditabbo. Vuttañhi ‘‘ekakulassa sattho hoti , satthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā purato vā pacchato vā sattabbhantarā na vijahitabba’’ntiādi (pārā. 489). Idameva araññaṃ sandhāya ‘‘āraññakasīmāya ekaṃ agāmakaṃ arañña’’nti vuttaṃ.

Yaṃ sandhāya ‘‘agāmake araññe addhayojane addhayojane āpatti pācittiyassā’’ti (pāci. 414) pāḷiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Idaṃ saṃvidhānasikkhāpadānaṃ ekaṃ agāmakaṃ araññaṃ nāma.

Purimena pana sagharaṃ saṅgahitaṃ, iminā tamasaṅgahitanti. Yaṃ sandhāya gaṇamhā ohīyanādhikāre aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (pāci. aṭṭha. 692) ‘‘agāmake araññeti ettha ‘nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ arañña’nti evaṃ vuttaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ araññaṃ. Taṃ paneta kevalaṃ gāmābhāvena ‘agāmaka’nti vuttaṃ, na viñjhāṭavisadisatāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya ‘‘āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti (pārā. 654; pāci. 573) vuttaṃ. Idaṃ āraññakasenāsanaṃ nāma parikkhittassa parikkhepato bahi, aparikkhittassa pana parikkhepokāsato bahi sarukkhaṃ vā arukkhaṃ vā vihāre kunnadisamākiṇṇampi araññaṃ nāma. Tathā ‘‘gaṇamhā ohīyanakassa eka’’nti vuttaṃ. Idaṃ araññaṃva. Idaṃ pana pubbe agāmakabhāvena āgataṭṭhāne vuttalakkhaṇameva hutvā nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā dassanūpacāravijahane ekameva āpattiṃ karoti, tato uddhaṃ anāpatti. ‘‘Saṃvidhānasikkhāpadānaṃ eka’’nti vuttaṃ pana addhayojane addhayojane ekekaṃ āpattiṃ karoti, na tato oraṃ. Itarāni tīṇi yathāvuttaparicchedato orameva tattha vuttavidhiṃ na sampādenti, paraṃ sampādenti. Evametesaṃ aññamaññanānattaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Tattha pañcavidhe gāme yo ‘‘parikkhittassa gāmassa indakhīle ṭhitassa leḍḍupāto’’ti (pārā. 92) vutto, so na katthaci vinayapiṭake upayogaṃ gato, kevalaṃ aparikkhittassa parikkhepokāsato aparo eko leḍḍupāto gāmūpacāro nāmāti dīpanatthaṃ vutto. Parikkhittassapi ce gāmassa eko leḍḍupāto kappiyabhūmisamāno upacāroti vutto, pageva aparikkhittassa parikkhepokāsato eko. So pana pākaṭattā ca ajjhokāsattā ca okkamantassa āpattiṃ karoti ṭhapetvā bhikkhuniyā gāmantarāpattiṃ. Bhikkhuniyo hi tasmiṃ dutiyaleḍḍupātasaṅkhāte gāmūpacāre vasantī āpattiñca āpajjanti, gāmaṃ pavisantī gāmantarāpattiñca. Tāsañhi ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ araññasaṅkhyaṃ gacchati ‘‘tāvadeva chāyā metabbā…pe… tassā tayo ca nissaye, aṭṭha ca akaraṇīyāni ācikkheyyāthā’’ti (cūḷava. 430) vacanato. Araññappaṭisaṃyuttānaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ, vikālegāmappavesanasikkhāpadassa (pāci. 508) ca bhikkhunīnaṃ asādhāraṇattā ca antarārāmabhikkhunupassayappaṭikkamanādīnaṃ kappiyabhūmibhāvavacanato ca ‘‘ekā gaṇamhā ohīyeyyāti agāmake araññe dutiyikāya bhikkhuniyā dassanūpacāraṃ vā savanūpacāraṃ vā vijahantiyā āpatti thullaccayassā’’tiādisikkhāpadapaññattito (pāci. 692) ca bhikkhunikkhandhakanayaena vā yasmā parikkhittassa gāmassa indakhīlato paṭṭhāya aparikkhittassa upacārato paṭṭhāya nīyati, tattha antaraghare nikkhittacīvare sati caturaṅgasamodhānena bhikkhū vasanti, tasmā sagāmakaṃ nāma hoti.

Avippavāsasīmāya ekaṃ nāma ‘‘na, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyā araññe vatthabbaṃ, yā vaseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (cūḷava. 431) vacanato bhikkhunīnaṃ araññavāso nāma natthīti siddhaṃ. Tāya hi araññe bhikkhunupassaye sati antoāvāsepi dutiyikāya dassanasavanūpacāraṃ vijahantiyā āpatti. Tasmā avippavāsasīmādhikāre ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti (mahāva. 144) ettha yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ṭhapitaṃ, tattheva bhikkhunupassayopi kappati, na tato paraṃ.

Tāsañca avippavāsasīmākammavācāyaṃ ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti vacanaṃ natthīti katvā tesveva gāmagāmūpacāresu pharati. Tato paraṃ dutiyesu leḍḍupātādīsu tāsaṃ akappiyabhūmikattā na samānasaṃvāsakasīmā araññe pharati bhikkhūnaṃ gāmagāmūpacāraṃ viya. Tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘bhikkhuniyā ṭhapetvā gāmantarāpatti’’nti.

Evaṃ tāva pañcavidhaṃ gāmabhedaṃ, araññabhedañca ñatvā idāni ‘‘atthi gāmo na gāmaparihāraṃ katthaci labhatī’’tiādibhedo veditabbo. Tattha yo aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘amanusso nāma yo sabbaso vā manussānaṃ abhāvena yakkhapariggahabhūto’’ti vutto, so gāmo na gāmaparihāraṃ katthaci sikkhāpade labhati. Yañhi sandhāya aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘taṃ panetaṃ buddhakāle, cakkavattikāle ca nagaraṃ hoti, sesakāle suññaṃ hoti yakkhapariggahita’’nti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.84; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.150) vuttaṃ. Yo pana paṭirājacorādīhi viluttattā, kevalaṃ bhayena vā chaḍḍito sagharova antarahitagāmabhūto, so ‘‘gāmantare gāmantare āpatti pācittiyassā’’ti (pāci. 183) vuttapācittiyaṃ janeti, vikāle gāmappavesanaṃ, sekhiye cattāri janetīti veditabbā. Yo pana gāmo yato vā manussā kenacideva karaṇīyena punapi āgantukāmā eva apakkantāti vutto, amanusso so pakatigāmasadisova.

Atthi araññaṃ na araññaparihāraṃ katthaci labhatīti ettha ‘‘ajjhokāso ekūpacāro nāma agāmake araññe samantā sattabbhantarā ekūpacāro, tato paraṃ nānūpacāro’’ti (pārā. 494) ettha yvāyaṃ nānūpacāroti vutto, taṃ veditabbaṃ. Yo pana parikkhittassa ekaleḍḍupātasaṅkhāto gāmūpacāranāmako gāmo, yo vā sattho nātirekacātumāsaniviṭṭho, so atthi gāmo na gāmakiccaṃ karoti. Na hi taṃ ṭhānaṃ okkamanto gāmappavesanāpattiṃ āpajjati. Yaṃ pana gāmasīmāya pariyāpannaṃ manussānaṃ valañjanaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ araññaṃ, taṃ atthi araññaṃ na araññakiccaṃ karoti nāma. Na hi tattha āraññakasīmā labbhatīti. Ettāvatā ‘‘gāmā vā araññā vā’’ti imissā anupaññattiyā lakkhaṇānupaññattibhāvo dassito hoti.

‘‘Gonisādiniviṭṭhopi gāmo’’ti ettha sace tassa gāmassa gāmakhettaparicchedo atthi, sabbopi eko gāmo. No ce, upacārena vā parikkhepena vā paricchinditabbo. Sace gāmakhette sati kānici tāni gharāni aññamaññaupacārappahonakaṃ ṭhānaṃ atikkamitvā dūre dūre katāni honti, vikāle gāmappavese upacārova pamāṇaṃ. Antaragharappaṭisaṃyuttesu sekhiyesu, bhikkhuniyā gāmantarāpattīsu ca gharānaṃ parikkhepārahaṭṭhānaṃ pamāṇaṃ, uposathādikammānaṃ gāmakhettaṃ pamāṇaṃ, āraññakasenāsanassa āsannagharassa dutiyaleḍḍupātato paṭṭhāya pañcadhanusatantaratā pamāṇanti evaṃ no paṭibhānanti ācariyā.

‘‘Yampi ekasmiṃyeva gāmakhette ekaṃ padesaṃ ‘ayampi visuṃgāmo hotū’ti paricchinditvā rājā kassaci deti, sopi visuṃgāmasīmā hotiyevā’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 147) aṭṭhakathāvacanato taṃ pavisantiyā bhikkhuniyā gāmantarāpatti hoti eva. Sace tattha vihāro vā devakulaṃ vā sabhā vā gehaṃ vā natthi, kevalaṃ vatthumattakameva hoti, gāmoti vinayakammaṃ sabbaṃ tattha kappati. ‘‘Amanusso gāmo’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Tañca ṭhānaṃ itarassa gāmassa parikkhepabbhantare vā upacārabbhantare vā hoti, vikāle gāmappavesanaṃ āpucchitvāva gantabbaṃ. No ce, araññaṃ viya yathāsukhaṃ gantabbaṃ. Tattha ce ārāmo vā titthiyaseyyādīsu aññatarovā hoti, laddhakappameva. Bhikkhunupassayo ce hoti, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisantiyā bhikkhuniyā gāmantarāpatti pariharitabbā. ‘‘Araññaṃ nāma ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca avasesaṃ araññaṃ nāmā’’ti (pārā. 92) ettha parikkhepe sati yathāvuttaparicchedaṃ gāmameva ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ tassa upacāraṃ, tato parañca araññaṃ nāma, parikkhepe asati yathāvuttaparicchedaṃ gāmūpacārameva ṭhapetvā tato paraṃ avasesaṃ araññaṃ nāmāti adhippāyo. Evaṃ sati ‘‘nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ arañña’’nti (vibha. 529) vuttalakkhaṇe agāmake araññe gaṇamhāohīyanāpatti, tattha avippavāsasīmāya pharaṇaṃ vikāle gāmappavesanāpattiyā anāpattīti evamādivinayavidhi sameti, aññathā na sameti.

‘‘Ṭhapetvā gāmūpacāraṃ avasesaṃ araññaṃ nāmā’’ti (mahāva. 144) vutte gāmūpacārato paro araññanti siddhe ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāma’’nti visesattho na dissati, gāmassa pana araññabhāvappasaṅgabhayā vuttanti ce? Na, gāmūpacārassa abhāvappasaṅgato. Sati hi gāme gāmūpacāro hoti, so ca tava matena araññabhūto. Kuto dāni gāmūpacāro. Gāmūpacāropi ce araññasaṅkhyaṃ gacchati, parova gāmoti katvā na yuttaṃ gāmassa araññabhāvappasaṅgato ca. Tasmā ‘‘gāmā vā araññā vā’’ti ettha gāmūpacāropi ‘‘gāmo’’ tveva saṅgahito. Tasmā gāmassa araññabhāvappasaṅgo na yujjati. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmaṃ avasesaṃ araññaṃ nāmā’’ti ettakaṃ vattabbanti ce? Na, araññassa paricchedajānanappasaṅgato. Tathā hi vutto ‘‘araññaparicchedo na paññāyatī’’ti no laddhi. Gāmūpacārapariyanto hi idha gāmo nāma. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘gāmassa ca araññassa ca paricchedadassanatthaṃ vutta’’nti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vattabbaṃ, ‘‘araññassa paricchedadassanatthaṃ vutta’’nti kimatthaṃ vuttanti ce? Vuccate – aṭṭhakathācariyena paṭhamagāmūpacāraṃyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘araññaparicchedadassanattha’’nti sabbasikkhāpade hi bāhiraindakhīlato paṭṭhāya gāmūpacāraṃ araññaṃ nāma. Gāmaparicchedavacane payojanaṃ panettha natthi parikkhepeneva pākaṭabhūtattā. Dutiyagāmūpacārova gāmassa paricchedadassanatthaṃ vutto parikkhepabhāvena apākaṭattā. Tattha paṭhamagāmūpacāro ce araññaparicchedadassanatthaṃ vutto, tattha na vattabbo. ‘‘Nikkhamitvā indakhīlā sabbametaṃ arañña’’nti vattabbaṃ. Evaṃ sante subyattataraṃ araññaparicchedo dassito hoti, micchāgāho ca na hoti.

‘‘Majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto’’ti hi vutte ayaṃ gāmūpacārova araññaṃ gāmūpacārassa vibhaṅgattā. Yadi araññaparicchedadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, avuttakameva, araññato paranti ca micchāgāho hotīti ce, nanu vuttaṃ ‘‘paṭhamameva idaṃ parikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraniyamanatthaṃ vutta’’nti? Araññaparicchedadassanatthaṃ kiñcāpi ‘‘gāmūpacāro’’tiādi āraddhaṃ, indakhīle ṭhitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupātoti pana evaṃ vacanappayojanaṃ. Aparikkhittassa ca gāmassa yvāyaṃ leḍḍupāto upacāro’’ti mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto, tassa niyamananti vuttaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ paññāyatīti ce? ‘‘Araññaṃ nāmā’’ti padaṃ anuddharitvā ‘‘gāmūpacāro nāmā’’ti uddharaṇassa katattā. Tattha ‘‘gāmūpacāro nāmā’’ti mātikāyaṃ avijjamānaṃ padaṃ uddharanto tayo atthavase dasseti. Seyyathidaṃ – araññaparicchedadassanameko attho, aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacārena saddhiṃ paricchedadassanameko, na kevalaṃ aparikkhittassayeva upacāro vinayādhikāre sappayojano dassitabbo, nippayojanopi parikkhittassa upacāro iminā pariyāyena labbhatīti anusaṅgappayojanameko atthopi veditabbo.

‘‘Aparikkhittassa gāmassa gharūpacāre ṭhitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto’’ti idaṃ bhagavā tayo atthavase paṭicca abhāsi. Seyyathidaṃ – aparikkhittassa gāmassa paricchedadassanameko, avippavāsasīmādhikāre ayameva gāmūpacāroti dassanameko, tattha ṭhitassa dutiyo leḍḍupāto sabbattha gāmappaṭisaṃyuttesu sikkhāpadesu sakiccako upacāroti dassanamekoti evaṃ bhagavā attano desanāvilāsappattiyā ekekapaduddhāraṇena tayo atthavase dassetīti veditabbaṃ.

Tathā avippavāsasīmākammavācāya ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti (mahāva. 144) etthāpi parikkhepe sati gāmaṃ ṭhapetvā, asati gāmūpacāraṃ ṭhapetvāti attho. Parikkhittassa, aparikkhittassa ca majjhe ārāme avippavāsasīmāsammannanakāle ayaṃ nayo ativiya yujjati. Ubhayaparivajjanato pubbe vuttanayena vā ubhayattha ubhayaṃ labbhateva. ‘‘Antarārāmesu pana āciṇṇakappā bhikkhū avippavāsasīmaṃ sammannantī’’ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. ‘‘Antaragharappaṭisaṃyuttānaṃ sekhiyānaṃ antarārāmesu asambhavato antarārāmo na gāmasaṅkhaṃ gacchati, tasmā tatthapi avippavāsasīmā ruhatevā’’ti eke. Te bhikkhū dutiyassa gāmūpacārassa gāmasaṅkhāsabhāvato tāsaṃ imāya dutiyāya avippavāsakammavācāya abhāvaṃ dassetvā paṭikkhipitabbā. Ajjhārāmo pana gāmopi samāno titthiyaseyyādi viya kappiyabhūmīti veditabbo.

Āpattiyā paricchedaṃ, tathānāpattiyāpi ca;

Dassetuṃ gāmasambandha-sikkhāpadavibhāvane.

Gāmagāmūpacārā dve, dassitā idha tādinā;

Sīmā sīmūpacārā tu, anekantāti nuddhaṭā.

Upacārā ca dve honti, bāhirabbhantarabbasā;

Parikkhittāparikkhitta-bhedā ce caturo siyuṃ.

Ayañhi upacārasaddo vinayapiṭake ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, agilānenapi ārāme ārāmūpacāre chattaṃ dhāretu’’nti (cūḷava. 270) evamādīsu bāhire upacāre dissati. Bāhiro upacāro nāma parikkhepato, parikkhepārahaṭṭhānato vā eko leḍḍupāto. ‘‘Ajjhārāmo nāma parikkhittassa ārāmassa antoārāmo, aparikkhittassa upacāro. Ajjhāvasatho nāma parikkhittassa āvasathassa antoāvasatho, aparikkhittassa upacāro’’tiādīsu (pāci. 506) pana upacārasaddo abbhantare upacāre dissati. Abbhantaro upacāro ca nāma parikkhepo, parikkhepārahaṭṭhānañca hoti. Idha pana parikkhepo ‘‘ajjhārāmo, ajjhāvasatho’’ti vā na vuccati, anto eva ārāmo, āvasathoti vā. Tesu bāhirabbhantarabhedabhinnesu dvīsu upacāresu avippavāsasīmādhikāre ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañcā’’ti (mahāva. 144) ettha gāmūpacāro nāma abbhantarūpacāro adhippeto, na bāhiro. Bhikkhuniyā araññasaññitatāya tassa bāhirassa, tassā gāmantarāpattiyā ṭhānabhūtattā ca abbhantaraupacārassāti idamettha kāraṇadvayaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha idha adinnādānapārājikavibhaṅgeyeva paṭhamo gāmūpacāro dassito, so bāhiro, dutiyo abbhantaroti veditabbo. Paṭhamena ca aparikkhittassa gāmassa dutiyaleḍḍupātasaṅkhāto bāhiro upacāro, dutiyena ca parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepato bāhirasaṅkhāto abbhantaro upacāro lesena dassitoti veditabbo. Evaṃ cattāropi upacārā idha bhagavatā desanāvilāsappattena desanālīlāya dassitā hontīti ayaṃ nayo suṭṭhu lakkhetvā ācariyehi sammantayitvā yathānurūpaṃ tattha yojetabbo. Itarathā –

Asambudhaṃ buddhamahānubhāvaṃ;

Dhammassa gambhīranayattatañca;

Yo vaṇṇaye naṃ vinayaṃ aviññū;

So duddaso sāsananāsahetu.

Pāḷiṃ tadatthañca asambudhañhi;

Nāseti yo aṭṭhakathānayañca;

Anicchayaṃ nicchayato parehi;

Gāmoti teyeva purakkhato so.

Anukkameneva mahājanena;

Purakkhato paṇḍitamāni bhikkhu;

Apaṇḍitānaṃ vimatiṃ akatvā;

Ācariyalīlaṃ purato karoti.

Tattha hi pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘gāmassa upacāro gāmūpacāro, gāmasaṅkhāto upacāro gāmūpacāro nāmā’’ti uddharitvā gāmassa upacāraṃ dassento ‘‘indakhīle ṭhitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto’’ti (pārā. 92) vatvā puna gāmasaṅkhātaṃ upacāraṃ dassento ‘‘gharūpacāre ṭhitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto’’ti vuttaṃ. Imamatthaṃ sandhāya vikāle gāmappavesanagāmantaraaappavāsasammutiādīsu parikkhepārahaṭṭhānameva gāmūpacāranti vuttanti likhitaṃ.

Atthatoekanti ettha saṅkhāsaddaṃ saṅkhātasaddena samānayati. ‘‘Ādiyeyyā’’ti idaṃ pañcavīsatiyā avahārānaṃ sādhāraṇapadaṃ. Ṭhānācāvanavasena ca khīlādīni saṅkāmetvā khettādiggahaṇavasena cāti attho. Ṭhānācāvane yathā sāmikassa dhuranikkhepādiṃ anoloketvāva āpatti, tathā ihāpīti gahetabbā.

‘‘Asukaṃ nāma bhaṇḍaṃ avaharissāmī’’ti sabbesaṃ ekāsayattā ‘‘ekenāpī’’ti vuttaṃ. Yadi āṇatti icchitabbā, saṃvidhāvahāro nāma eko avahāro parihāyitabbo.

Okāsaparikappe ṭhānācāvanāya gahitampi okāsaparikappitattā rakkhati. Okāsātikkamova pamāṇaṃ pubbe asuddhacittena gahitattā. Idāni suddhacittena gahitepi hoti evāti vadanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Ettha pana vinicchayo samantapāsādikaṃ oloketvā gahetabbo.

Uddhāro natthīti ṭhānācāvanaṃ natthīti attho.

Uddhatamatte avahāro sakalassa payogassa niṭṭhāpitattā, na atthasādhakavasena. Uddhāreyeva rakkhatīti ettha eva-saddena pātane na rakkhatīti atthe siddhepi atthasādhakavasena atthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘taṃ uddharitvā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.

‘‘Pathabyārājapadesarājādayo bahū, tesaṃ saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ ‘rājāno’ti bahuvacanaṃ vutta’’nti likhitaṃ. Kiñcāpi bahuvacanaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana ekaṃ bimbisāramevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Rājānoti kiñci aniddisitvā sādhāraṇavasena kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, idaṃ pana bimbisāramevāti.

Pubbappayogeti ettha gamanakāle maggasodhanādhikaraṇe apācittiyakhette dukkaṭaṃ, latācchedanādīsu pācittiyameva. Gantvā pana kumbhimatthake jātalatādicchedane sahapayogattā dukkaṭaṃ. ‘‘Ekabhaṇḍe evaṃ bhāriyamidaṃ, ‘tvampi ekapassaṃ gaṇha, ahampi ekapassaṃ gaṇhāmī’ti saṃvidahitvā ubhayesaṃ payogena ṭhānācāvane kate kāyavācācittehi samuṭṭhāti. Aññathā sāhatthikaṃ vā āṇattikassa aṅgaṃ na hoti , āṇattikaṃ vā sāhatthikassāti vuttalakkhaṇena virujjhatī’’ti vinayagaṇṭhipade likhitaṃ. Pi-saddo panettha tattheva likhito.

Kāyavācāsamuṭṭhānaṃ, yassā āpattiyā siyā;

Tatra vācaṅgaṃ cittaṃva, kammaṃ nassā vidhīyati.

Kiriyākiriyādikaṃ yañce, yampi kammattayaṃ bhave;

Na yuttaṃ taṃ viruddhattā, kammamekaṃva yujjatīti. (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 131 pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā);

Dutiyapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Tatiyapārājikavaṇṇanā

Yathā ñātapariññā dhammānaṃ sabhāvajānanameva ‘‘idaṃ rūpaṃ, ayaṃ vedanā’’ti, tīraṇapariññā pana dhammasabhāvena saddhiṃ aniccādivasena pavattamānaṃ ‘‘rūpaṃ aniccanti vā’’tiādi, evamidha saddhiṃ cetetvā ekattenāpi pāṇātipātābhāvā ‘‘jīvitā voropeyyā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Manussaviggaha’’nti vuttattā gabbhaseyyakānaṃ vasena sabbasukhumaattabhāvato paṭṭhāya dassetuṃ ‘‘kalalato paṭṭhāyā’’ti āha. Ettha jīvitā voropento paccuppannato viyojeti. Tattha khaṇapaccuppannaṃ na sakkā voropetuṃ, santatipaccuppannaṃ vā addhāpaccuppannaṃ vā sakkā. Kathaṃ? Tasmiñhi upakkame kate laddhūpakkamaṃ jīvitadasakaṃ nirujjhamānaṃ dubbalassa parihīnavegassa paccayo hoti. Santatipaccuppannaṃ yathā dve tayo javanavāre javitvā nirujjhati, addhāpaccuppannañca tadanurūpaṃ katvā nirujjhati, tathā paccayo hoti. Tato santatipaccuppannaṃ vā addhāpaccuppannaṃ vā yathāparicchinnakālaṃ apatvā antarāva nirujjhati. Evaṃ tadubhayampi voropetuṃ sakkā. Tasmā paccuppannaṃ viyojeti.

‘‘Imassa panatthassā’’ti vohāravasena vuttamatthaṃ paramatthavasena āvibhāvatthaṃ ‘‘pāṇo veditabbo’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Kāyaviññattisahitāya cetanāya payujjatīti payogo, ko so? Sarīre satthādīnaṃ gamanaṃ paharaṇanti kāyavacīviññattisahitāya cetanāya parasarīre satthapātanaṃ. Dūre ṭhitanti dūre vā tiṭṭhatu, samīpe vā. Hatthato muttena pahāro nissaggiyo. Tatthāti nissaggiyappayoge. Yo koci maratūti ettha mahājanasamūhe na sakkā. Yassūpari saro patati, tasseva jīvitamaraṇaṃ kātuṃ, na yassa kassaci jīvitamaraṇaṃ. Āṇāpananti vacīviññattisahitāya cetanāya adhippetatthasādhanaṃ. Teneva ‘‘sāvetukāmo na sāvetī’’ti (pārā. 54) vuttaṃ. Āṇattiniyāmakāti āṇattikappayogasādhikā. Etesu hi avirajjhitesu eva āṇattipayogo hoti, na aññathā.

Rūpūpahāroti ettha –

‘‘Mamālābhena esitthī, maratū’’ti samīpago;

Duṭṭhacitto sace yāti, hoti so itthimārako.

Bhikkhatthāya sace yāti, jānantopi na mārako;

Anatthiko hi so tassā, maraṇena upekkhako.

Viyogena ca me jāyā, jananī ca na jīvati;

Iti jānaṃ viyuñjanto, tadatthiko hoti mārako.

Pabbajjādinimittañce, yāti jānaṃ na mārako;

Anatthiko hi so tassā, maraṇena upekkhako.

Hārakasaddassa bhedato atthaṃ vitthāretvā ubhayampi ekamevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘satthañca taṃ hārakañcā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Etena thāvarappayogaṃ dasseti sāhatthikādīsu payogesu. ‘‘Iti cittamano’’ti uddharitvāpi itisaddassa attho na tāva vutto. Kiñcāpi na vutto, adhikāravasena pana āgataṃ itisaddaṃ yojetvā iti cittasaṅkappoti ettha ‘‘maraṇasaññī maraṇacetano maraṇādhippāyo’’ti vuttattā maraṇaṃyeva vakkhatīti veditabbo. Vuttanayenāti chappayogavasena. Sāhatthikanissaggiyappayogesu sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāya sattamāya saha uppannakāyaviññattiyā sāhatthikatā veditabbā. Āṇattike pana sattahipi cetanāhi saha vacīviññattisambhavato satta satta saddā ekato hutvā ekekakkharabhāvaṃ gantvā yattakehi akkharehi attano adhippāyaṃ viññāpenti, tadavasānakkharasamuṭṭhāpikāya sattamacetanāya sahajātavacīviññattiyā āṇattikatā veditabbā.

Tatiyapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Catutthapārājikavaṇṇanā

Idheva saṅgahanti ‘‘iti jānāmi, iti passāmī’’ti pade kathanti ce, ‘‘iti jānāmī’’tiādimāha . Kevalaṃ ‘‘pāpicchatāyā’’ti (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. catutthapārājikavaṇṇanā) vacanato mandattā momūhattā samudācarantassa anāpattīti dīpitaṃ. ‘‘Atītakāle sotāpannomhī’’ti vadanto pariyāyena vadati, ‘‘yo te vihāre vasati, so bhikkhu arahā’’tiādīsu (pari. 165) viya sikkhāpadepi ‘‘iti jānāmī’’ti (pārā. 195, 197) paccuppannameva vuttaṃ.

Catutthapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Mātughātakapitughātakaarahantaghātakā tatiyapārājikaṃ āpannā, bhikkhunidūsako, lambīādayo ca cattāro paṭhamapārājikaṃ āpannā evāti katvā kuto catuvīsatīti ce? Na, adhippāyājānanato. Mātughātakādayo hi cattāro idhānupasampannā eva adhippetā, lambīādayo cattāro kiñcāpi paṭhamapārājikena saṅgahitā, yasmā pana ekena pariyāyena methunadhammaṃ paṭisevino honti, tasmā visuṃ vuttā. Na labhati bhikkhūhīti ettha ‘‘uposathādibhedaṃ saṃvāsa’’nti ettakaṃ vuttaṃ. Vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘uposathappavāraṇāpātimokkhuddesasaṅghakammappabheda’’nti vuttaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘saṃvāso nāma ekakammaṃ ekuddeso samasikkhatā’’ti (pārā. 55, 92, 172, 198) vuttaṃ. Tividhenāpi saṅghakammaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭatīti paṭikkhittaṃ. ‘‘Na, bhikkhave, gahaṭṭhena nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabba’’ntiādi (mahāva. 154) pātimokkhappavāraṇāsu eva āgataṃ, aññesu ca evarūpesu ṭhānesu sesaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ natthi paṭikkhepo. Ācariyāpi ‘‘sesaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, natthi āpattī’’ti vadanti. ‘‘Antimavatthu ajjhāpannaṃ amūlakena pārājikena codentassa saṅghādiseso, saṅghādisesena codentassa pācittiyanti bhikkhuno viya vuttaṃ, na anupasampannassa viya dukkaṭaṃ. Tasmā tena sahaseyyā, tassa paṭiggahaṇañca bhikkhussa vaṭṭatīti ācariyā vadantī’’ti likhitaṃ. ‘‘Yathā pure tathā pacchāti ‘ekakammaṃ ekuddeso samasikkhatā’ti evaṃ vuttasaṃvāsassa abhabbatāmattaṃ sandhāya vutta’’nti vadanti, vīmaṃsitabbaṃ.

Idāni catunnampi sādhāraṇaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ – methunadhammaṃ paṭisevanto atthi koci pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso, atthi koci na pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso, atthi koci na pārājiko saṃvāso dukkaṭavatthusmiṃ vā thullaccayavatthusmiṃ vā paṭisevanto, atthi koci na pārājiko pakkhapaṇḍako apaṇḍakapakkhe upasampanno paṇḍakapakkhe methunadhammaṃ paṭisevanto. So āpattiṃ nāpajjatīti na pārājiko nāma. Na hi abhikkhussa āpatti nāma atthi. So anāpattikattā apaṇḍakapakkhe āgato kiṃ asaṃvāso hoti, na hotīti? Hoti. ‘‘Abhabbo tena sarīrabandhanenā’’ti (mahāva. 129) hi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno…pe… asaṃvāso’’ti (pārā. 44) vuttattā yo bhikkhubhāvena methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati, so eva abhabbo. Nāyaṃ apārājikattāti ce? Na, ‘‘byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo’’ti (mahāva. 126) vuttaṭṭhāne yathā abhikkhunā kammavācāya sāvitāyapi kammaṃ ruhati kammavipattiyā asambhavato, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ viseso – upasampannapubbo evaṃ ce kammavācaṃ sāveti, saṅgho ca tasmiṃ upasampannasaññī eva ce, kammaṃ ruhati, nāññathāti no khantīti ācariyo.

Gahaṭṭho vā titthiyo vā paṇḍako vā kammavācaṃ sāveti, saṅghena kammavācā na vuttā hoti. ‘‘Saṅgho upasampādeyya saṅgho upasampādeti, upasampanno saṅghenā’’ti (mahāva. 127) hi vacanato saṅghena kammavācāya vattabbatāya saṅghapariyāpannena, saṅghapariyāpannasaññitena vā ekena vuttāya saṅghena vuttā hotīti veditabbo, na gahaṭṭhatitthiyapaṇḍakādīsu aññatarena. Ayameva sabbakammesu yutti daṭṭhabbā.

Tathā atthi methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto koci nāsetabbo, ‘‘yo bhikkhunidūsako, ayaṃ nāsetabbo’’ti (mahāva. 114-115 atthato samānaṃ) vuttattā tena eva so anupasampannova sahaseyyāpattiṃ vā aññaṃ vā tādisaṃ janeti, tassa omasane ca dukkaṭaṃ hoti. Abhikkhuniyā methunadhammaṃ paṭisevanto na nāsetabbo, ‘‘antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpanno, bhikkhave, anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo’’ti pāḷiyā abhāvato, teneva so upasampannasaṅkhaṃ gacchati, sahaseyyāpattiādiṃ na janeti, kevalaṃ asaṃvāsoti katvā gaṇapūrako na hoti. Ekakammaekuddeso hi saṃvāsoti vutto, samasikkhatāpi saṃvāsoti katvā so tena saddhiṃ natthīti. Padasodhammāpattiṃ pana janetīti kāraṇacchāyā dissatīti. Yathā bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghassa ekakammādino saṃvāsassa abhāvā bhikkhunī asaṃvāsā bhikkhussa, tathā bhikkhu ca bhikkhuniyā, padasodhammāpattiṃ pana na janeti. Tathā antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannopi ekecco ‘‘yo nāsetabboti vutto’’ti iminā nidassanena sakāraṇacchāyā ajjhupekkhitā hotīti na gahaṇaṃ gacchati. Apica ‘‘ubho nāsetabbā, dūsako nāsetabbo’’ti (pārā. 66) vacanato, ‘‘mettiyaṃ bhikkhuniṃ nāsethā’’ti (pārā. 384) vacanato ca yo saṅghamajjhaṃ pavisitvā anuvijjakena anuvijjiyamāno parājito, sopi anupasampannova, na omasavādapācittiyaṃ janetīti veditabbo.

Apicettha sikkhāpaccakkhātakacatukkaṃ veditabbaṃ. Atthi hi puggalo sikkhāpaccakkhātako na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, atthi puggalo na sikkhāpaccakkhātako sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, atthi puggalo sikkhāpaccakkhātako ceva sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno ca, atthi puggalo neva sikkhāpaccakkhātako na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno. Tattha tatiyo bhikkhunī sikkhāpaccakkhātakā veditabbā. Sā hi yāva na liṅgaṃ pariccajati, kāsāvesu saussāhāva samānā sāmaññā cavitukāmā sikkhaṃ paccakkhantīpi bhikkhunī eva sikkhāsājīvasamāpannāva. Vuttañhi bhagavatā ‘‘natthi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyā sikkhāpaccakkhāna’’nti. Kadā pana sā abhikkhunī hotīti? Yadā sā vibbhantāti saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Vuttañhi bhagavatā ‘‘yadeva sā vibbhantā, tadeva sā abhikkhunī’’ti (cūḷava. 434). Kittāvatā pana vibbhantā hotīti? Sāmaññā cavitukāmā kāsāvesu anālayā kāsāvaṃ vā apaneti, naggā vā gacchati, tiṇapaṇṇādinā vā paṭicchādetvā gacchati, kāsāvaṃyeva vā gihinivāsanākārena nivāseti, odātaṃ vā vatthaṃ nivāseti, liṅgeneva vā saddhiṃ titthiyesu pavisitvā kesaluñcanādivataṃ samādiyati, titthiyaliṅgaṃ vā samādiyati, tadā vibbhantā nāma hoti. Tattha yā saliṅge ṭhitāva titthiyavataṃ samādiyati, sā titthiyapakkantabhikkhu viya pacchā pabbajjampi na labhati. Sesā pabbajjameva labhati, na upasampadaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ kiñcāpi ‘‘yā, bhikkhave, bhikkhunī sakāvāsā titthāyatanaṃ saṅkantā, sā āgatā na upasampādetabbā’’ti (cūḷava. 434) vacanato yā paṭhamaṃ vibbhamitvā pacchā titthāyatanaṃ saṅkantā, sā āgatā upasampādetabbāti anuññātaṃ viya dissati. Saṅgītiācariyehi pana ‘‘catuvīsati pārājikānī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.233) vuttattā na puna sā upasampādetabbā. Tasmā eva sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ nānuññātaṃ bhagavatā. Antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannā pana bhikkhunī eva. Pakkhapaṇḍakīpi bhikkhunī eva. Imaṃ nayaṃ catūsupi yojetvā yathārahaṃ kathetabbaṃ.

Pārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

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