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The Order of Languages of Dictionaries to Show?
+ - {{ "zh_TW" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Dīghanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dīghanikāya") }}
+ - Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi") }}
2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Mahāvaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mahāvaggapāḷi") }}
3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ") }}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Pāthikavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Pāthikavaggapāḷi") }}
8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimanikāya") }}
+ - Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Sīhanādavaggo
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[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Opammavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Opammavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Mahāyamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Mahāyamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Cūḷayamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Cūḷayamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi
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1. Gahapativaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Gahapativaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Tikanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tikanipātapāḷi") }}
(7) 2. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(7) 2. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Dvattiṃsākāro
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Dvattiṃsākāro") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Kumārapañhā
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Kumārapañhā") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Ratanasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Ratanasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ") }}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Translation")}}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
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1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
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了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
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了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
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了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
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了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
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了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - {{ "en_US" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Ekakanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Ekakanipātapāḷi") }}
3. Akammaniyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Akammaniyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Adantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Adantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dukanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dukanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Kammakaraṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Kammakaraṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Samacittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Samacittavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Parisavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Parisavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(10) 5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(10) 5. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
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+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
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1. Uragavaggo
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[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
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[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
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[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
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Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
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[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}

3. Mahāvaggo

3. 大品

1. Pabbajjāsuttaṃ

1. 出家經

407.

Pabbajjaṃ kittayissāmi, yathā pabbaji cakkhumā;

我將讚美出家,正如明眼者[1]出家,

Yathā vīmaṃsamāno so, pabbajjaṃ samarocayi.

正如他經過考察,選擇出家。

408.

Sambādhoyaṃ gharāvāso, rajassāyatanaṃ iti;

看到在家生活是桎梏,是藏污納垢之地,

Abbhokāsova pabbajjā, iti disvāna pabbaji.

而出家生活自由清閒,他便出家了。

409.

Pabbajitvāna kāyena, pāpakammaṃ vivajjayi;

出家後,他避開以身作惡,

Vacīduccaritaṃ hitvā, ājīvaṃ parisodhayi.

摒棄以言作惡,過潔淨的生活。

410.

Agamā rājagahaṃ buddho, magadhānaṃ giribbajaṃ;

充滿妙相的佛陀前往王舍城[2],進入摩揭陀國的基利跋闍[3]

Piṇḍāya abhihāresi, ākiṇṇavaralakkhaṇo.

乞食。

411.

Tamaddasā bimbisāro, pāsādasmiṃ patiṭṭhito;

頻毗沙羅[4]國王站在宮殿上看到了他,

Disvā lakkhaṇasampannaṃ, imamatthaṃ abhāsatha.

見他具有妙相,便說道:

412.

‘‘Imaṃ bhonto nisāmetha, abhirūpo brahā suci;

“你們看,這個人俊美,魁梧,潔淨,

Caraṇena ca sampanno, yugamattañca pekkhati.

行為高尚,前視一尋 [5]

413.

‘‘Okkhittacakkhu satimā, nāyaṃ nīcakulāmiva;

“他目不斜視,富有思想,不像出身低賤的人,

Rājadūtābhidhāvantu, kuhiṃ bhikkhu gamissati’’.

讓御使跑去探聽一下,這位比丘去哪裡?”

414.

Te pesitā rājadūtā, piṭṭhito anubandhisuṃ;

那些御使奉命尾隨佛陀,

Kuhiṃ gamissati bhikkhu, kattha vāso bhavissati.

心想:這位比丘去哪裡?他住在哪裡?

415.

Sapadānaṃ caramāno, guttadvāro susaṃvuto;

他善於控制自己,守護感官之門,

Khippaṃ pattaṃ apūresi, sampajāno paṭissato.

聰明睿智、富有思想,他沿路乞食,很快裝滿了缽。

416.

Piṇḍacāraṃ caritvāna, nikkhamma nagarā muni;

這位牟尼沿路乞得食物後,便出城

Paṇḍavaṃ abhihāresi, ettha vāso bhavissati.

回到般度婆山[6],他的住處那裡。

417.

Disvāna vāsūpagataṃ, tayo [tato (sī. pī.)] dūtā upāvisuṃ;

御使們見他進入住地,便耽在附近。

Tesu ekova [eko ca dūto (sī. syā. pī.)] āgantvā, rājino paṭivedayi.

一位御使回來,向國王報告道:

418.

‘‘Esa bhikkhu mahārāja, paṇḍavassa puratthato [purakkhato (syā. ka.)];

“大王啊!這位比丘坐在般度婆山東邊,

Nisinno byagghusabhova, sīhova girigabbhare’’.

像一頭老虎或公牛,像一頭山洞裡的獅子。

419.

Sutvāna dūtavacanaṃ, bhaddayānena khattiyo;

聽了御使的話,這位剎帝利國王登上御車,

Taramānarūpo niyyāsi, yena paṇḍavapabbato.

匆忙趕往般度婆山。

420.

Sa yānabhūmiṃ yāyitvā, yānā oruyha khattiyo;

這位剎帝利到達適宜車輛行駛的大道盡頭,

Pattiko upasaṅkamma, āsajja naṃ upāvisi.

便下車徒步走向比丘[7]那裡。

421.

Nisajja rājā sammodi, kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ tato;

國王坐下後,與比丘友好地

Kathaṃ so vītisāretvā, imamatthaṃ abhāsatha.

互相問候寒喧。然後,國王說道:

422.

‘‘Yuvā ca daharo cāsi, paṭhamuppattiko [paṭhamuppattiyā (sī.), paṭhamuppattito (syā.)] susu;

“你年輕嬌嫩,正值青春初期,

Vaṇṇārohena sampanno, jātimā viya khattiyo.

具有漂亮膚色和魁梧身材,像是剎帝利出身。

423.

‘‘Sobhayanto anīkaggaṃ, nāgasaṅghapurakkhato;

“我將裝備一支精良的軍隊,站在象隊前

Dadāmi bhoge bhuñjassu, jātiṃ akkhāhi pucchito’’.

賜給你財富,請享用吧!告訴我:你的出身。”

424.

‘‘Ujuṃ janapado rāja, himavantassa passato;

“國王啊!就在喜馬拉雅山山麓,

Dhanavīriyena sampanno, kosalesu [kosalassa (syā. ka.)] niketino.

有個鄉村部族,繁榮富強,屬於憍薩羅國。

425.

‘‘Ādiccā [ādicco (ka.)] nāma gottena, sākiyā [sākiyo (ka.)] nāma jātiyā;

“部族名為太陽,我出身的家族名釋迦。

Tamhā kulā pabbajitomhi, na kāme abhipatthayaṃ.

我離開這個家族出家,不再貪戀愛慾。

426.

‘‘Kāmesvādīnavaṃ disvā, nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khemato;

“看到愛慾的危險,我視出家為安全。

Padhānāya gamissāmi, ettha me rañjatī mano’’ti.

我將精進努力;我樂於此道”

Pabbajjāsuttaṃ paṭhamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

2. Padhānasuttaṃ

2. 精進經

427.

‘‘Taṃ maṃ padhānapahitattaṃ, nadiṃ nerañjaraṃ pati;

我在尼連禪河邊精進努力,

Viparakkamma jhāyantaṃ, yogakkhemassa pattiyā.

意志堅定,專心修禪,為了獲得解脫。

428.

‘‘Namucī karuṇaṃ vācaṃ, bhāsamāno upāgami;

那摩支[8]來到我那裡,說著憐憫的話語:

‘Kiso tvamasi dubbaṇṇo, santike maraṇaṃ tava.

“你消瘦羸弱,氣色不好,死亡已經臨近。

429.

‘‘‘Sahassabhāgo maraṇassa, ekaṃso tava jīvitaṃ;

“你死亡的可能有一千分,活命的希望只有一分,

Jīva bho jīvitaṃ seyyo, jīvaṃ puññāni kāhasi.

您活命吧!還是活命更好,你可以做種種好事。

430.

‘‘‘Carato ca te brahmacariyaṃ, aggihuttañca jūhato;

“通過梵行生活,通過供奉祭火,

Pahūtaṃ cīyate puññaṃ, kiṃ padhānena kāhasi.

你已經積累了許多功德,何必還要這樣精進努力呢?

431.

‘‘‘Duggo maggo padhānāya, dukkaro durabhisambhavo’’’;

“精進努力是一條艱難的道路,難以通過,難以成功。”

Imā gāthā bhaṇaṃ māro, aṭṭhā buddhassa santike.

摩羅站在佛陀身旁,說著這些偈頌。

432.

Taṃ tathāvādinaṃ māraṃ, bhagavā etadabravi;

摩羅說了這些話,世尊回答道:

‘‘Pamattabandhu pāpima, yenatthena [senatthena (?), attano atthena (aṭṭha. saṃvaṇṇanā)] idhāgato.

“你這懶惰的親友!罪惡者!你來這裡幹什麼?”

433.

‘‘Aṇumattopi [aṇumattenapi (sī. syā.)] puññena, attho mayhaṃ na vijjati;

“我不需要哪怕一丁點兒的功德,

Yesañca attho puññena, te māro vattumarahati.

摩羅可以去跟那些需要功德的人說這些話。

434.

‘‘Atthi saddhā tathā [tato (sī. pī.), tapo (syā. ka.)] vīriyaṃ, paññā ca mama vijjati;

“我有信仰,從信仰中產生力量和智慧,

Evaṃ maṃ pahitattampi, kiṃ jīvamanupucchasi.

我如此精進努力,你還問我什麼活命不活命呢?

435.

‘‘Nadīnamapi sotāni, ayaṃ vāto visosaye;

“既然風能吹乾河水,

Kiñca me pahitattassa, lohitaṃ nupasussaye.

那麼當我精進努力時,它怎麼不會吹乾我的血液呢?

436.

‘‘Lohite sussamānamhi, pittaṃ semhañca sussati;

“血液乾涸時,膽汗和粘液也乾涸;

Maṃsesu khīyamānesu, bhiyyo cittaṃ pasīdati;

肌肉消耗時,心更平靜,

Bhiyyo sati ca paññā ca, samādhi mama tiṭṭhati.

我的意念、智慧和禪定更堅定。

437.

‘‘Tassa mevaṃ viharato, pattassuttamavedanaṃ;

“我這樣生活著,雖然體驗到最強烈的感覺,

Kāmesu [kāme (sī. syā.)] nāpekkhate cittaṃ, passa sattassa suddhataṃ.

但我的心不渴求愛慾。請看看這個人的純潔性。

438.

‘‘Kāmā te paṭhamā senā, dutiyā arati vuccati;

“愛慾是你的第一支軍隊,第二支叫做憂惱,

Tatiyā khuppipāsā te, catutthī taṇhā pavuccati.

第三支是飢渴,第四支叫做貪慾。

439.

‘‘Pañcamaṃ [pañcamī (sī. pī.)] thinamiddhaṃ te, chaṭṭhā bhīrū pavuccati;

“第五支是昏沉,第六支叫做怯懦,

Sattamī vicikicchā te, makkho thambho te aṭṭhamo.

第七支是疑惑,第八是虛偽自私。

440.

‘‘Lābho siloko sakkāro, micchāladdho ca yo yaso;

“靠不當手段獲得利益、榮譽、崇敬和名聲;

Yo cattānaṃ samukkaṃse, pare ca avajānati.

吹噓自己,貶低別人。

441.

‘‘Esā namuci te senā, kaṇhassābhippahārinī;

“那摩支啊,這就是你這個黑傢伙[9]賴以進攻的軍隊,

Na naṃ asūro jināti, jetvā ca labhate sukhaṃ.

懦夫不能戰勝它而獲得幸福。

442.

‘‘Esa muñjaṃ parihare, dhiratthu mama [ida (ka.)] jīvitaṃ;

“我拿蒙闍草[10];可憐啊,活在這世上。

Saṅgāme me mataṃ seyyo, yaṃ ce jīve parājito.

我寧可死於戰鬥,也不願屈辱求生。

443.

‘‘Pagāḷhettha na dissanti, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā;

“那些執著現世的沙門和婆羅門沒有看到,

Tañca maggaṃ na jānanti, yena gacchanti subbatā.

也不知道有德之人所走的路。

444.

‘‘Samantā dhajiniṃ disvā, yuttaṃ māraṃ savāhanaṃ;

“看到摩羅乘坐大象,統率全軍,

Yuddhāya paccuggacchāmi, mā maṃ ṭhānā acāvayi.

我上前應戰;他不可能把我從這地方趕走。

445.

‘‘Yaṃ te taṃ nappasahati, senaṃ loko sadevako;

“人界、神界都征服不了你的軍隊,

Taṃ te paññāya bhecchāmi [gacchāmi (sī.), vecchāmi (syā.), vajjhāmi (ka.)], āmaṃ pattaṃva asmanā [pakkaṃva amunā (ka.)].

我將用智慧粉碎它,就像用石頭擊碎未經焙燒的泥罐。

446.

‘‘Vasīkaritvā [vasiṃ karitvā (bahūsu)] saṅkappaṃ, satiñca sūpatiṭṭhitaṃ;

“我將控制思想,集中意念,

Raṭṭhā raṭṭhaṃ vicarissaṃ, sāvake vinayaṃ puthū.

從一個王國到另一個王國,教誨許多弟子。

447.

‘‘Te appamattā pahitattā, mama sāsanakārakā;

“他們勤奮努力,按照我這個擺脫愛慾的人的教誨行事,

Akāmassa [akāmā (ka.)] te gamissanti, yattha gantvā na socare’’.

走到哪裡都不悲哀。

448.

‘‘Satta vassāni bhagavantaṃ, anubandhiṃ padāpadaṃ;

“我亦步亦趨跟隨世尊七年,

Otāraṃ nādhigacchissaṃ, sambuddhassa satīmato.

在這個富有思想的佛陀身上找不到任何機會。

449.

‘‘Medavaṇṇaṃva pāsāṇaṃ, vāyaso anupariyagā;

“就像烏鴉盤旋在色如肥肉的石頭附近,

Apettha muduṃ [mudu (sī.)] vindema, api assādanā siyā.

心想:我們能在這裡找到軟食,或許是美味的。

450.

‘‘Aladdhā tattha assādaṃ, vāyasetto apakkami;

“烏鴉沒有得到美味的肥肉,只能從那裡飛走,

Kākova selamāsajja, nibbijjāpema gotamaṃ’’.

正像烏鴉飛近石頭又失望地離去,我們也將離開喬達摩。”

451.

Tassa sokaparetassa, vīṇā kacchā abhassatha;

於是,滿懷悲哀,琵琶從腋下失落,

Tato so dummano yakkho, tatthevantaradhāyathāti.

這邪惡的夜叉[11]從那裡消失。

Padhānasuttaṃ dutiyaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

3. Subhāsitasuttaṃ

3. 妙語經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – eka samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

如是我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在舍衛城逝多林中。世尊說道:

‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, na dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnaṃ. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu subhāsitaṃyeva bhāsati no dubbhāsitaṃ, dhammaṃyeva bhāsati no adhammaṃ, piyaṃyeva bhāsati no appiyaṃ, saccaṃyeva bhāsati no alikaṃ. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūna’’nti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“比丘們啊!具有四種特點的言語是妙語,不是惡語,智者聽來沒有錯誤,無可指責。”“哪四種特點?”世尊說道:“比丘們啊!比丘說妙語,不說惡語;說合法之語,不說非法之語;說動聽之語,不說難聽之語;說真實之語,不說虛妄之語。比丘們啊!具有這四種特點的言語是妙語,不是惡語,智者聽來沒有錯誤,無可指責。”善逝這樣說道,然後這位老師又說道:

452.

‘‘Subhāsitaṃ uttamamāhu santo, dhammaṃ bhaṇe nādhammaṃ taṃ dutiyaṃ;

“善人道:說妙語這是第一;說合法之語,不說非法之語,這是第二;

Piyaṃ bhaṇe nāppiyaṃ taṃ tatiyaṃ, saccaṃ bhaṇe nālikaṃ taṃ catuttha’’nti.

說動聽之語,不說難聽之語,這是第三;說真實之語,不說虛妄之語,這是第四。”

Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –

然後,可尊敬的文基娑從座位上起身,偏覆左肩,雙手合十,向世尊說道:“善逝,我有點想法。”世尊說道:“文基娑,說說你的想法。”於是,可尊敬的文基娑站在世尊面前 ,用合適的偈頌讚美道:

453.

‘‘Tameva vācaṃ bhāseyya, yāyattānaṃ na tāpaye;

“應該說這樣的話,它既不折磨自己,

Pare ca na vihiṃseyya, sā ve vācā subhāsitā.

也不傷害他人,那就是妙語。

454.

‘‘Piyavācameva bhāseyya, yā vācā paṭinanditā;

“應該說動聽的話,令人高興,

Yaṃ anādāya pāpāni, paresaṃ bhāsate piyaṃ.

不帶來罪惡,應該說別人聽來悅耳的話。

455.

‘‘Saccaṃ ve amatā vācā, esa dhammo sanantano;

“真實是不朽的,正法是永恆的,

Sacce atthe ca dhamme ca, āhu santo patiṭṭhitā.

人們說:善人恪守真實、利益和正法。

456.

‘‘Yaṃ buddho bhāsati vācaṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā;

“佛陀說的話令人寧靜,導向涅槃,

Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sā ve vācānamuttamā’’ti.

結束痛苦。這樣的話確實至高無上。

Subhāsitasuttaṃ tatiyaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

4. Sundarikabhāradvājasuttaṃ

4. 孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati sundarikāya nadiyā tīre. Tena kho pana samayena sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo sundarikāya nadiyā tīre aggiṃ juhati, aggihuttaṃ paricarati. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo aggiṃ juhitvā aggihuttaṃ paricaritvā uṭṭhāyāsanā samantā catuddisā anuvilokesi – ‘‘ko nu kho imaṃ habyasesaṃ bhuñjeyyā’’ti? Addasā kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ avidūre aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle sasīsaṃ pārutaṃ nisinnaṃ; disvāna vāmena hatthena habyasesaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena kamaṇḍaluṃ gahetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami.

如是我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在憍薩羅遜陀利迦[12]河岸。那時,有位名叫孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍的婆羅門正在遜陀利迦河岸向火供奉祭品,舉行火祭。孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門向火供奉祭品,舉行火祭完畢後,從座位上起身,環顧四周,心想:“誰來享用這剩餘的祭品?”孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門看到世尊坐在不遠處的樹根旁,從頭到腳披蓋著。於是,他左手拿著剩下的祭品,右手提著水罐,來到世尊那裡。

Atha kho bhagavā sundarikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa padasaddena sīsaṃ vivari. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo – ‘‘muṇḍo ayaṃ bhavaṃ, muṇḍako ayaṃ bhava’’nti tatova puna nivattitukāmo ahosi. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘muṇḍāpi hi idhekacce brāhmaṇā bhavanti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā jātiṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃjacco bhava’’nti?

聽到孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門的腳步聲,世尊露出頭來。而孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門心想:“這個人是削了髮的,他是一個削髮者。”他想返轉身去。但是,孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門轉而又想:“在這世上,也有一些婆羅門是削了髮的,我還是去問問他的出身吧!”於是,孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門走向世尊。到了那裡,對世尊說道:“你是什麼種姓?”

Atha kho bhagavā sundarikabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –

世尊用偈頌回答孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門:

457.

‘‘Na brāhmaṇo nomhi na rājaputto, na vessāyano uda koci nomhi;

“我不是婆羅門,不是王子,也不是吠舍,什麼也不是。

Gottaṃ pariññāya puthujjanānaṃ, akiñcano manta carāmi loke.

看透了俗人的門第出身,我這個智者一無所有,在這世上遊行。

458.

‘‘Saṅghāṭivāsī agaho carāmi [agiho (ka. sī. pī.) ageho (katthaci)], nivuttakeso abhinibbutatto;

“身穿袈裟衣,離開家庭,四處遊行,剃去頭髮,心境平靜,

Alippamāno idha māṇavehi, akallaṃ maṃ brāhmaṇa pucchasi gottapañhaṃ’’.

不與世人交往。婆羅門啊,你詢問我的種姓出身是不合適的。”

459.

‘‘Pucchanti ve bho brāhmaṇā, brāhmaṇebhi saha brāhmaṇo no bhava’’nti.

“婆羅門與婆羅門相遇時,總要問:你是婆羅門嗎?”

460.

‘‘Brāhmaṇo hi ce tvaṃ brūsi, mañca brūsi abrāhmaṇaṃ;

“如果你說你是婆羅門,說我不是婆羅門,

Taṃ taṃ sāvittiṃ pucchāmi, tipadaṃ catuvīsatakkharaṃ.

那我要問你三音步,二十四音節的薩維蒂韻律。”[13]

461.

‘‘Kiṃ nissitā isayo manujā, khattiyā brāhmaṇā [paṭhamapādanto] devatānaṃ;

“為什麼這世上的仙人、剎帝利、婆羅門都要祭供天神?”

Yaññamakappayiṃsu puthū idha loke [dutiyapādanto (sī.)].

“我說,誰在祭祀時,精通知識、達到終極的人獲得他的祭品,

462.

‘‘Yadantagū vedagū yaññakāle, yassāhutiṃ labhe tassijjheti brūmi’’.

那麼,他的祭供會有成效。”[14]

463.

‘‘Addhā hi tassa hutamijjhe, (iti brāhmaṇo)

婆羅門說道:“確實,這個祭供會有成效,

Yaṃ tādisaṃ vedagumaddasāma;

因為我們見到你這樣精通知識的人。

Tumhādisānañhi adassanena, añño jano bhuñjati pūraḷāsaṃ’’.

如果沒有見到你這樣的人,別的人便會享用祭品。”

464.

‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ brāhmaṇa atthena, atthiko upasaṅkamma puccha;

“因此,你來這裡是有所求的,婆羅門啊,你提問吧!

Santaṃ vidhūmaṃ anīghaṃ nirāsaṃ, appevidha abhivinde sumedhaṃ’’.

你或許能在這裡找到一位平靜、無恨、無惱、無欲的智者。”

465.

‘‘Yaññe ratohaṃ bho gotama, yaññaṃ yiṭṭhukāmo nāhaṃ pajānāmi;

“我喜歡祭祀,喬達摩啊!我願意舉行祭祀,但我不理解祭祀。

Anusāsatu maṃ bhavaṃ, yattha hutaṃ ijjhate brūhi me taṃ’’.

你教教我吧!告訴我在什麼情況下祭供,才有成效?”

‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, odahassu sotaṃ; dhammaṃ te desessāmi –

“那麼,婆羅門啊!你聽著,我來教你此法。”

466.

‘‘Mā jātiṃ pucchī caraṇañca puccha, kaṭṭhā have jāyati jātavedo;

“不問出身,但問品行,正如火從木頭中產生,

Nīcākulīnopi munī dhitīmā, ājāniyo hoti hirīnisedho.

一個堅定的牟尼即使出身微賤,也能成為有廉恥感的高貴者。

467.

‘‘Saccena danto damasā upeto, vedantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo;

“誠實,忍耐,精通知識,恪守梵行,

Kālena tamhi habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho [puññapekho (sī. pī.)] yajetha.

一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人。

468.

‘‘Ye kāme hitvā agahā caranti, susaññatattā tasaraṃva ujjuṃ;

“拋棄愛慾,出家遊行,控制自我,像梭子一樣正直,

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人。

469.

‘‘Ye vītarāgā susamāhitindriyā, candova rāhuggahaṇā pamuttā;

“摒棄貪慾,調伏感官,像月亮擺脫羅候的控制,

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人。

470.

‘‘Asajjamānā vicaranti loke, sadā satā hitvā mamāyitāni;

“在這世上遊行,無所執著,富有思想,摒棄自私,

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻祭品賜給這樣的人。

471.

‘‘Yo kāme hitvā abhibhuyyacārī, yo vedi jātīmaraṇassa antaṃ;

“拋棄愛慾,超越一切,理解生死的終極,

Parinibbuto udakarahadova sīto, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

像清涼的湖水那樣平靜,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

472.

‘‘Samo samehi visamehi dūre, tathāgato hoti anantapañño;

“接近正直者,遠離虛偽者,智慧無邊,

Anūpalitto idha vā huraṃ vā, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

不受今世或彼世的玷污,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

473.

‘‘Yamhi na māyā vasati na māno, yo vītalobho amamo nirāso;

“不虛妄,不驕傲,不貪婪,不自私,不渴求,

Panuṇṇakodho abhinibbutatto, yo brāhmaṇo sokamalaṃ ahāsi;

摒棄忿怒,心境平靜,清除悲哀的污染,

Tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

474.

‘‘Nivesanaṃ yo manaso ahāsi, pariggahā yassa na santi keci;

“驅除思想的執著,沒有任何財物,

Anupādiyāno idha vā huraṃ vā, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

在今世或彼世無所貪求,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

475.

‘‘Samāhito yo udatāri oghaṃ, dhammaṃ caññāsi paramāya diṭṭhiyā;

“凝思靜慮,越過水流,洞悉正法,

Khīṇāsavo antimadehadhārī, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

滅寂煩惱,持有最後的身體,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

476.

‘‘Bhavāsavā yassa vacī kharā ca, vidhūpitā atthagatā na santi;

“生存的煩惱和粗魯的言語都被滅除,不復存在;

Sa vedagū sabbadhi vippamutto, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

精通知識,在一切方面都獲得解脫,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

477.

‘‘Saṅgātigo yassa na santi saṅgā, yo mānasattesu amānasatto;

“束縛被擺脫,不復存在;在驕傲者中間不驕傲;

Dukkhaṃ pariññāya sakhettavatthuṃ, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

理解痛苦及其領域和內容,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

478.

‘‘Āsaṃ anissāya vivekadassī, paravediyaṃ diṭṭhimupātivatto;

“不追逐慾望,善於辨別,擺脫他人的觀點,

Ārammaṇā yassa na santi keci, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

不依賴任何感覺對象,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

479.

‘‘Paroparā [parovarā (sī. pī.)] yassa samecca dhammā, vidhūpitā atthagatā na santi;

“通過理解,各種事物被滅除,不復存在;

Santo upādānakhaye vimutto, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

平靜,摒棄貪求,獲得解脫,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

480.

‘‘Saṃyojanaṃ jātikhayantadassī, yopānudi rāgapathaṃ asesaṃ;

“洞悉束縛的產生和毀滅,避開一切貪慾之路,

Suddho nidoso vimalo akāco [akāmo (sī. syā.)], tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

純潔、無過失、無污垢、無瑕疵,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

481.

‘‘Yo attano attānaṃ [attanāttānaṃ (sī. syā.)] nānupassati, samāhito ujjugato ṭhitatto;

“不考慮自己,凝思靜慮,正直堅定,

Sa ve anejo akhilo akaṅkho, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ.

無慾望,無障礙,無疑慮,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

482.

‘‘Mohantarā yassa na santi keci, sabbesu dhammesu ca ñāṇadassī;

“沒有任何內在的痴迷,洞察一切事物,

Sarīrañca antimaṃ dhāreti, patto ca sambodhimanuttaraṃ sivaṃ;

持有最後的身體,達到最高的智慧和無上的幸福,

Ettāvatā yakkhassa suddhi, tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ’’.

以至能淨化夜叉,這樣的如來值得享用祭品。

483.

‘‘Hutañca [huttañca (sī. ka.)] mayhaṃ hutamatthu saccaṃ, yaṃ tādisaṃ vedagunaṃ alatthaṃ;

“讓我的祭品成為真正的祭品吧!因為我遇上了這樣一位精通知識的人,

Brahmā hi sakkhi paṭigaṇhātu me bhagavā, bhuñjatu me bhagavā pūraḷāsaṃ’’.

梵天已經親證。請世尊接受我的祭品吧!請世尊享用我的祭品吧!”

484.

‘‘Gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyaṃ, sampassataṃ brāhmaṇa nesa dhammo;

“由吟誦偈頌而得到的食物,我是不能吃的,婆羅門啊!那樣做,對智者是不合正法的的。

Gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā, dhamme satī brāhmaṇa vuttiresā.

佛陀們拒受由吟誦偈頌而得到的食物,婆羅門啊!只要正法存在,這就是一條準則。

485.

‘‘Aññena ca kevalinaṃ mahesiṃ, khīṇāsavaṃ kukkuccavūpasantaṃ;

“對於滅寂煩惱、摒棄惡習,獲得圓滿的大仙,

Annena pānena upaṭṭhahassu, khettañhi taṃ puññapekkhassa hoti’’.

你應該提供另一種食物和飲料,因為這是渴求功德得的福地。”

486.

‘‘Sādhāhaṃ bhagavā tathā vijaññaṃ, yo dakkhiṇaṃ bhuñjeyya mādisassa;

“好極了,世尊!聽了你的教誨,

Yaṃ yaññakāle pariyesamāno, pappuyya tava sāsanaṃ’’.

我懂得在祭祀時應該找怎樣的人享用我的布施。”

487.

‘‘Sārambhā yassa vigatā, cittaṃ yassa anāvilaṃ;

“擺脫爭執,思想平靜,

Vippamutto ca kāmehi, thinaṃ yassa panūditaṃ.

摒棄愛慾,驅除懶惰,

488.

‘‘Sīmantānaṃ vinetāraṃ, jātimaraṇakovidaṃ;

“教誨受束縛的人,懂得生與死,

Muniṃ moneyyasampannaṃ, tādisaṃ yaññamāgataṃ.

這樣的品行完美的牟尼在祭祀的時候應該來到,

489.

‘‘Bhakuṭiṃ [bhūkuṭiṃ (ka. sī.), bhākuṭiṃ (ka. sī., ma. ni. 1.226)] vinayitvāna, pañjalikā namassatha;

“你應該驅除傲慢,雙手合十,向他致敬,

Pūjetha annapānena, evaṃ ijjhanti dakkhiṇā.

供奉他的食物和飲料,這樣的布施會有成就。”

490.

‘‘Buddho bhavaṃ arahati pūraḷāsaṃ, puññakhettamanuttaraṃ;

“佛陀你值得享用祭品,你是最高的功德之地,

Āyāgo sabbalokassa, bhoto dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti.

全世界的供奉對象。向你布施會帶來大功果。”

Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. Alattha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo…pe… arahataṃ ahosīti.

然後,孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門對世尊說道:“妙極了!喬達摩!妙極了!喬達摩!正像一個人,喬答摩啊!扶正摔倒的東西,揭示隱蔽的東西,給迷路者指路,在黑暗中舉著油燈,讓那些有眼者能看到東西,世尊喬達摩以各種方式說法。我要皈依世尊喬達摩,皈依法,皈依比丘僧團。我要在世尊喬達摩面前出家,我要得到具足戒。”於是,孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍婆羅門果真在世尊面前出了家,果真得到了具足戒。在得到具足戒之後不久,可尊敬的孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍獨自過隱居生活,凝思靜慮,精進努力,不久,便通過自己的智慧,在這世親證和達到梵行的最高理想。正是為此目的,善男子們才正確地離家出家。他感到自己已經滅寂生存,完成梵行,做了該做的事,在這世上再無別事,這樣,可尊敬的孫陀利迦婆羅德婆闍成為了又一個阿羅漢。

Sundarikabhāradvājasuttaṃ catutthaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

5. Māghasuttaṃ

5. 摩伽經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – eka samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho māgho māṇavo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho māgho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

如是我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在王舍城鷲峰山,青年摩伽來到世尊那裡。到了那裡,與世尊互致問候。問候之後,又互相寒暄,然後,青年摩伽坐在一旁。坐在一旁之後,他對世尊說道:

‘‘Ahañhi, bho gotama, dāyako dānapati vadaññū yācayogo; dhammena bhoge pariyesāmi; dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā dhammaladdhehi bhogehi dhammādhigatehi ekassapi dadāmi dvinnampi tiṇṇampi catunnampi pañcannampi channampi sattannampi aṭṭhannampi navannampi dasannampi dadāmi, vīsāyapi tiṃsāyapi cattālīsāyapi paññāsāyapi dadāmi, satassapi dadāmi, bhiyyopi dadāmi. Kaccāhaṃ, bho gotama, evaṃ dadanto evaṃ yajanto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavāmī’’ti ?

“世尊啊!我是個慷慨大度的施主,樂於施捨。我合法地尋求財富,在合法地獲得財富後,我把它們施捨給一個人,兩個人,三個人,四個人,五個人,六個人,七個人,八個人,九個人,十個人,二十個人,三十個人,四十個人,五十個人,一百個人,乃至更多的人,喬達摩啊!我這樣的施捨,這樣的祭祀,會產生許多功德吧!”

‘‘Taggha tvaṃ, māṇava, evaṃ dadanto evaṃ yajanto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavasi. Yo kho, māṇava, dāyako dānapati vadaññū yācayogo; dhammena bhoge pariyesati; dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā dhammaladdhehi bhogehi dhammādhigatehi ekassapi dadāti…pe… satassapi dadāti, bhiyyopi dadāti, bahuṃ so puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. Atha kho māgho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –

世尊說道:“確實,年輕人啊!你這樣的施捨,這樣的祭祀,會產生許多功德的。年輕人啊!一個慷慨大度的施主,合法地尋求財富,在合法地獲得財富後,把它們施捨給一個人,兩個人,三個人,四個人,五個人,六個人,七個人,八個人,九個人,十個人,二十個人,三十個人,四十個人,五十個人,一百個人,乃至更多的人,會產生大功德的。”於是,青年摩伽用偈頌對世尊說道:

491.

‘‘Pucchāmahaṃ gotamaṃ vadaññuṃ, (iti māgho māṇavo)

“請問

Kāsāyavāsiṃ agahaṃ [agihaṃ (sī.), agehaṃ (pī.)] carantaṃ;

身著袈裟、出家遊行、仁慈的喬達摩:

Yo yācayogo dānapati [dānapatī (sī. syā. pī.)] gahaṭṭho, puññatthiko [puññapekho (sī. pī. ka.)] yajati puññapekkho;

一位樂於施捨的在家施主,企求功德,渴望功德,舉行祭祀,

Dadaṃ paresaṃ idha annapānaṃ, kathaṃ hutaṃ yajamānassa sujjhe’’.

向世上其他人施捨食物和飲料,這樣供奉的祭品給誰帶來純潔?”

492.

‘‘Yo yācayogo dānapati gahaṭṭho, (māghāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“摩伽啊,一位樂於施捨的在家施主,

Puññatthiko yajati puññapekkho;

企求功德,渴望功德,舉行祭祀,

Dadaṃ paresaṃ idha annapānaṃ, ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādi’’.

向世上其他人施捨食物和飲料,由於施捨值得施捨的人,這樣的人會獲得成功。”

493.

‘‘Yo yācayogo dānapati gahaṭṭho, (iti māgho māṇavo)

青年摩伽說道:“我就是這樣一位樂於施捨的在家施主,

Puññatthiko yajati puññapekkho;

企求功德,渴望功德,舉行祭祀,

Dadaṃ paresaṃ idha annapānaṃ, akkhāhi me bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye’’.

向世上其他人施捨食物和飲料。世尊啊,請告訴我:什麼人值得施捨?”

494.

‘‘Ye ve asattā [alaggā (syā.)] vicaranti loke, akiñcanā kevalino yatattā;

他們在這世上遊行,無所執著,無所占有,完美,自制。(494此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

495.

‘‘Ye sabbasaṃyojanabandhanacchidā, dantā vimuttā anīghā nirāsā;

他們斬斷一切束縛和桎梏,自制,超脫,無煩惱,無貪求。(495此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

496.

‘‘Ye sabbasaṃyojanavippamuttā, dantā vimuttā anīghā nirāsā;

他們擺脫一切束縛,自制,超脫,無煩惱,無貪求。(496此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

497.

‘‘Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ, khīṇāsavā vūsitabrahmacariyā;

他們擺脫貪慾,忿怒和痴迷,滅寂煩惱,恪守梵行。(497此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

498.

‘‘Yesu na māyā vasati na māno, khīṇāsavā vūsitabrahmacariyā;

他們不虛妄,不驕傲,滅寂煩惱,恪守梵行。(498此兩句跟原譯文順序對調,而且拆成498跟499,並加入"滅寂煩惱,恪守梵行。")

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

499.

‘‘Ye vītalobhā amamā nirāsā, khīṇāsavā vūsitabrahmacariyā;

他們不貪婪,不自私,不渴求,滅寂煩惱,恪守梵行。(499此兩句跟原譯文順序對調,而且拆成498跟499,並加入"滅寂煩惱,恪守梵行。")

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

500.

‘‘Ye ve na taṇhāsu upātipannā, vitareyya oghaṃ amamā caranti;

他們不沉溺貪慾,越過水流,無私地遊蕩。(500此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

501.

‘‘Yesaṃ taṇhā natthi kuhiñci loke, bhavābhavāya idha vā huraṃ vā;

他們不貪求世上的一切,也不貪求今世或彼世的生死存亡。(501此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

502.

‘‘Ye kāme hitvā agahā caranti, susaññatattā tasaraṃva ujjuṃ;

他們摒棄愛慾,出家遊行,控制自我,像梭子一樣正直。(502此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

503.

‘‘Ye vītarāgā susamāhitindriyā, candova rāhuggahaṇā pamuttā;

他們驅除貪慾,調伏感官,像月亮擺脫羅候的控制。(503此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

504.

‘‘Samitāvino vītarāgā akopā, yesaṃ gatī natthidha vippahāya;

他們完全平靜,排除貪慾,消除忿怒,離開這世後,毫無蹤跡。(504此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

505.

‘‘Jahitvā jātimaraṇaṃ asesaṃ, kathaṃkathiṃ sabbamupātivattā;

他們徹底擺脫生死,完全消除疑慮。(505此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

506.

‘‘Ye attadīpā vicaranti loke, akiñcanā sabbadhi vippamuttā;

他們在世上遊行,以自我為燈,無所占有,在一切方面都獲得解脫。(506此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

507.

‘‘Ye hettha jānanti yathā tathā idaṃ, ayamantimā natthi punabbhavoti;

他們真正懂得這是最後一次,不再轉生。(507此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tesu habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

508.

‘‘Yo vedagū jhānarato satīmā, sambodhipatto saraṇaṃ bahūnaṃ;

他們精通知識,喜歡修禪,富有思想,達到最高智慧,疵護眾生。(508此兩句跟原譯文順序對調)

Kālena tamhi habyaṃ pavecche, yo brāhmaṇo puññapekkho yajetha’’.

“一個想積功德的婆羅門在祭祀時,應該在適當的時刻把祭品賜給這樣的人:

509.

‘‘Addhā amoghā mama pucchanā ahu, akkhāsi me bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye;

“確實,我的問題沒有落空,世尊啊!你告訴了我什麼人值得施捨,

Tvañhettha jānāsi yathā tathā idaṃ, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo.

因為在這世上,你真正知道這個事情,懂得這個法則。”

510.

‘‘Yo yācayogo dānapati gahaṭṭho, (iti māgho māṇavo)

青年摩伽說道:“一位樂於施捨的在家施主,

Puññatthiko yajati puññapekkho;

企求功德,渴望功德,舉行祭祀,

Dadaṃ paresaṃ idha annapānaṃ,

向世人其他人施捨食物和飲料,

Akkhāhi me bhagavā yaññasampadaṃ’’.

世尊啊,請告訴我怎樣祭祀才以能取得功果?”

511.

‘‘Yajassu yajamāno māghāti bhagavā, sabbattha ca vippasādehi cittaṃ;

世尊說道:“摩伽啊,你祭祀吧!在祭祀時,始終保持思想純淨;

Ārammaṇaṃ yajamānassa yañño, etthappatiṭṭhāya jahāti dosaṃ.

祭禮者所依賴的是施捨;堅持這樣做,便能消除過失。

512.

‘‘So vītarāgo pavineyya dosaṃ, mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāvayamappamāṇaṃ;

“驅除貪慾,消除仇恨,使仁慈之心廣大無邊;

Rattindivaṃ satatamappamatto, sabbā disā pharati appamaññaṃ’’.

日日夜夜精進努力,使仁慈之心遍布四面八方。”

513.

‘‘Ko sujjhati muccati bajjhatī ca, kenattanā gacchati [kenatthenā gacchati (ka.)] brahmalokaṃ;

“誰獲得純潔、解脫和覺醒?憑什麼,一個人能自己達到梵界?

Ajānato me muni brūhi puṭṭho, bhagavā hi me sakkhi brahmajjadiṭṭho;

我不知道。牟尼啊!我問你,請告訴我!我今天見到世尊,梵天已經親證,

Tuvañhi no brahmasamosi saccaṃ, kathaṃ upapajjati brahmalokaṃ jutima’’.

因為對我們來說,你確實與梵天相同。光輝的人啊!怎樣才能進入梵界?”

514.

‘‘Yo yajati tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ, (māghāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“摩伽啊!我說一個人成功地舉行三重祭祀,

Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādi;

這樣的人由於施捨值得施捨的人,便會達到目的。

Evaṃ yajitvā sammā yācayogo,

因此,樂於施捨的人正確地舉行祭祀,

Upapajjati brahmalokanti brūmī’’ti.

便能進入梵界。”

Evaṃ vutte, māgho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.

青年摩伽聽後,便對世尊說道:“妙極了,喬達摩!妙極了,喬達摩!正像一個人,喬答摩啊!扶正摔倒的東西,揭示隱蔽的東西,給迷路者指路,在黑暗中舉著油燈,讓那些有眼者能看到東西,世尊喬達摩以各種方式說法。我要皈依世尊喬達摩,皈依法,皈依比丘僧團。請世尊喬答摩接受我為優婆塞,從今以後,我將終生尋求庇護。”

Māghasuttaṃ pañcamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

6. Sabhiyasuttaṃ

6. 娑毗耶經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena sabhiyassa paribbājakassa purāṇasālohitāya devatāya pañhā uddiṭṭhā honti – ‘‘yo te, sabhiya, samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ime pañhe puṭṭho byākaroti tassa santike brahmacariyaṃ careyyāsī’’ti.

如是我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在王舍城壯大陀竹林。那時,有位前生與娑毗耶游方乘車有血緣關係的神靈對娑毗耶提出一些問題,並說道:“娑毗耶啊!哪個沙門或婆羅門能解答這些問題,你就在他身邊過梵行生活。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako tassā devatāya santike te pañhe uggahetvā ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa, seyyathidaṃ – pūraṇo kassapo makkhaligosālo ajito kesakambalo pakudho [kakudho (sī.) pakuddho (syā. kaṃ.)] kaccāno sañcayo [sañjayo (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] belaṭṭhaputto [bellaṭṭhiputto (sī. pī.), veḷaṭṭhaputto (syā.)] nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto [nātaputto (sī. pī.)], te upasaṅkamitvā te pañhe pucchati. Te sabhiyena paribbājakena pañhe puṭṭhā na sampāyanti; asampāyantā kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaronti. Api ca sabhiyaṃ yeva paribbājakaṃ paṭipucchanti.

娑毗耶游方僧從神靈那兒得知這些問題後,他前往沙門、婆羅門那裡。這些沙門、婆羅門都是有團體,有信徒,聞名的教派尋師,著名的教派創建者,受到眾人敬仰,例如富蘭那迦葉、末伽黎拘羅,阿耆多翅舍欽婆羅、婆浮陀迦延、珊諸夜毗羅胝子和尼犍陀若提子。婆毗耶游方僧向他們提出這些問題。他們都不能解答娑毗耶游方僧提出的問題。

Atha kho sabhiyassa paribbājakassa etadahosi – ‘‘ye kho te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa, seyyathidaṃ – pūraṇo kassapo…pe… nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto, te mayā pañhe puṭṭhā na sampāyanti, asampāyantā kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaronti; api ca maññevettha paṭipucchanti. Yannūnnāhaṃ hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjeyya’’nti.

於是,娑毗耶游方僧心想:“這些沙門、婆羅門都是有團體,有信徒,聞名的教派導師,著名的教派創建者,受到眾人敬仰,例如富蘭那迦葉、末伽黎拘羅,阿耆多翅舍欽婆羅、婆浮陀迦延、珊諸夜毗羅胝子和尼犍陀若提子。他們都不能解答我的問題。由於不能解答而惱羞成怒,反問我問題。現在,我還是回到世俗去享受感官快樂。

Atha kho sabhiyassa paribbājakassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayampi kho samaṇo gotamo saṅghī ceva gaṇī ca gaṇācariyo ca ñāto yasassī titthakaro sādhusammato bahujanassa; yaṃnūnāhaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ime pañhe puccheyya’’nti.

轉而,娑毗耶游方僧又想:”沙門喬答摩有團體,有信徒,是聞名的教派導師,著名的教派創建者。受到眾人敬仰。我現在還是到沙門喬答摩那裡去問這些問題吧!”

Atha kho sabhiyassa paribbājakassa etadahosi – ‘‘yepi kho te [ye kho te (syā.), yaṃ kho te (ka.)] bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā jiṇṇā vuḍḍhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa, seyyathidaṃ – pūraṇo kassapo…pe. … nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto, tepi mayā pañhe puṭṭhā na sampāyanti, asampāyantā kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaronti, api ca maññevettha paṭipucchanti; kiṃ pana me samaṇo gotamo ime pañhe puṭṭho byākarissati! Samaṇo hi gotamo daharo ceva jātiyā, navo ca pabbajjāyā’’ti.

接著,娑毗耶游方僧又想:“那些沙門、婆羅門年邁,高齡,衰老,是早己出家的長老,有團體,有信徒,是聞名的教派導師,著名的教派創建者。受到眾人敬仰。例如富蘭那迦葉、末伽黎拘羅,阿耆多翅舍欽婆羅、婆浮陀迦延、珊諸夜毗羅胝子和尼犍陀若提子。他們都不能解答我的問題。由於不能解答而惱羞成怒,反問我問題。那麼,沙門喬答摩能解答我問的這些問題嗎?因為沙門喬達摩年輕,新近出家。”

Atha kho sabhiyassa paribbājakassa etadahosi – ‘‘samaṇo kho [samaṇo kho gotamo (syā. ka.)] daharoti na uññātabbo na paribhotabbo. Daharopi cesa samaṇo gotamo mahiddhiko hoti mahānubhāvo, yaṃnūnāhaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ime pañhe puccheyya’’nti.

轉而,娑毗耶游方僧又想:“不能因為沙門年輕便輕視他;即使沙門年輕,也有偉大的潛力和威嚴。現在我還是到沙門喬答摩那裡去問他這些問題。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sabhiyo paribbājako bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –

於是,娑毗耶游方僧前往王舍城。他一路行乞,漸漸到達王舍城迦蘭陀竹林。他來到世尊那裡,與世尊互相問候。問候之後,互相寒喧。寒暄之後,他從在一旁。坐在一旁後,娑毗耶游方僧用偈頌對世尊說道:

515.

‘‘Kaṅkhī vecikicchī āgamaṃ, (iti sabhiyo)

“我懷著惶惑和疑問而來,

Pañhe pucchituṃ abhikaṅkhamāno;

我渴望詢問一些問題,

Tesantakaro bhavāhi [bhavāhi me (pī. ka.)] pañhe me puṭṭho,

請你回答我詢問的問題,

Anupubbaṃ anudhammaṃ byākarohi me’’.

正確地解答這些問題。”

516.

‘‘Dūrato āgatosi sabhiya, (iti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!你遠道而來,

Pañhe pucchituṃ abhikaṅkhamāno;

渴望詢問一些問題。

Tesantakaro bhavāmi [tesamantakaromi te (ka.)] pañhe te puṭṭho,

我會回答你詢問的問題,

Anupubbaṃ anudhammaṃ byākaromi te.

正確地解答這些問題。

517.

‘‘Puccha maṃ sabhiya pañhaṃ, yaṃ kiñci manasicchasi;

“娑毗耶啊,你問吧!你心裡想問什麼

Tassa tasseva pañhassa, ahaṃ antaṃ karomi te’’ti.

就問什麼吧!我會為你作出解答。”

Atha kho sabhiyassa paribbājakassa etadahosi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Yaṃ vatāhaṃ aññesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu okāsakammamattampi [okāsamattampi (sī. pī.)] nālatthaṃ taṃ me idaṃ samaṇena gotamena okāsakammaṃ kata’’nti. Attamano pamudito udaggo pītisomanassajāto bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –

於是,娑毗耶游方僧心想:“奇妙啊。真奇妙!我在其他的沙門、婆羅門中都沒有得到機會,喬答摩沙門卻給了我。”他歡喜滿懷,興高彩烈,向世尊提問:

518.

‘‘Kiṃ pattinamāhu bhikkhunaṃ, (iti sabhiyo)

“一個人怎樣才被稱作比丘?

Sorataṃ kena kathañca dantamāhu;

怎樣才被稱作仁慈者?怎樣才被稱作自制者?

Buddhoti kathaṃ pavuccati,

怎樣才被稱作佛陀?

Puṭṭho me bhagavā byākarohi’’.

我問你,世尊啊,請你解答。”

519.

‘‘Pajjena katena attanā, (sabhiyāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!沿著自己鋪設的路,

Parinibbānagato vitiṇṇakaṅkho;

達到涅磐,消除疑惑,

Vibhavañca bhavañca vippahāya,

摒棄生死存亡,

Vusitavā khīṇapunabbhavo sa bhikkhu.

達到圓滿,滅寂再生,這樣的人是比丘。

520.

‘‘Sabbattha upekkhako satimā, na so hiṃsati kañci sabbaloke;

“超然一切,富有思想,在一切世上不傷害任何生靈,

Tiṇṇo samaṇo anāvilo, ussadā yassa na santi sorato so.

這沙門越過水流,沒有煩惱,不傲慢。這樣的人是仁慈者。

521.

‘‘Yassindriyāni bhāvitāni, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;

“在一切世上,控制自己外部和內部的感官,

Nibbijjha imaṃ parañca lokaṃ, kālaṃ kaṅkhati bhāvito sa danto.

洞悉這世和彼世,等待時間,這樣的人是自制者。

522.

‘‘Kappāni viceyya kevalāni, saṃsāraṃ dubhayaṃ cutūpapātaṃ;

“明察一切動劫波和生死輪迴,

Vigatarajamanaṅgaṇaṃ visuddhaṃ, pattaṃ jātikhayaṃ tamāhu buddha’’nti.

滌除塵垢,沒有污點,純潔,滅寂再生,人們稱這樣的人為佛陀。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā attamano pamudito udaggo pītisomanassajāto bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ [uttari (ka.)] pañhaṃ apucchi –

娑毗耶游方僧讚賞世尊的話,歡喜滿懷,興高采烈,繼續向世尊提問:

523.

‘‘Kiṃ pattinamāhu brāhmaṇaṃ, (iti sabhiyo)

“一個人怎樣才被稱作婆羅門?

Samaṇaṃ kena kathañca nhātakoti;

怎樣才被稱作沙門,怎樣才被稱作潔淨者?

Nāgoti kathaṃ pavuccati,

怎樣才被稱作無罪者?

Puṭṭho me bhagavā byākarohi’’.

我問你,世尊啊,請你解答!”

524.

‘‘Bāhitvā sabbapāpakāni, (sabhiyāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!摒棄一切罪惡,

Vimalo sādhusamāhito ṭhitatto;

去除污垢,凝思靜慮,控制自我,

Saṃsāramaticca kevalī so,

超越輪迴,達到圓滿,毫無執著,

Asito tādi pavuccate sa brahmā.

這樣的人被稱作婆羅門。

525.

‘‘Samitāvi pahāya puññapāpaṃ, virajo ñatvā imaṃ parañca lokaṃ;

“平靜,摒棄善惡,滌除塵垢,懂得今世和彼世,

Jātimaraṇaṃ upātivatto, samaṇo tādi pavuccate tathattā.

超脫生和死。這樣的人被稱作沙門。

526.

‘‘Ninhāya [ninahāya (syā.)] sabbapāpakāni, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;

“在一切世上,滌除內部和外部的一切罪惡;

Devamanussesu kappiyesu, kappaṃ neti tamāhu nhātako’’ti.

在隸屬於劫波的神界和人界,不進入劫波,人們稱這樣的人為潔淨者。

527.

‘‘Āguṃ na karoti kiñci loke, sabbasaṃyoge [sabbayoge (ka.)] visajja bandhanāni;

“在這世上不犯任何罪惡,摒一切束縛和桎梏,

Sabbattha na sajjatī vimutto, nāgo tādi pavuccate tathattā’’ti.

沒有任何執著,獲得解脫,這樣的人被稱作無罪者。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako…pe… bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –

娑毗耶游方僧讚賞世尊的話,歡喜滿懷,興高采烈,繼續向世尊提問:

528.

‘‘Kaṃ khettajinaṃ vadanti buddhā, (iti sabhiyo)

“佛陀們稱什麼人為戰勝領域者?

Kusalaṃ kena kathañca paṇḍitoti;

怎樣才被稱作通達者?怎樣才被稱作智者?

Muni nāma kathaṃ pavuccati,

怎樣才被稱作牟尼?

Puṭṭho me bhagavā byākarohi’’.

我問你,世尊啊,請你解答!”

529.

‘‘Khettāni viceyya kevalāni, (sabhiyāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!洞察

Dibbaṃ mānusakañca brahmakhettaṃ;

神、人和梵的所有領域,

Sabbakhettamūlabandhanā pamutto,

徹底擺脫一切寶藏的束縛,

Khettajino tādi pavuccate tathattā.

這樣的人被稱作戰勝領域者。

530.

‘‘Kosāni viceyya kevalāni, dibbaṃ mānusakañca brahmakosaṃ;

“洞察神、人和梵的所有寶藏,

Sabbakosamūlabandhanā pamutto, kusalo tādi pavuccate tathattā.

徹底擺脫一切寶藏的束縛,這樣的人被稱作通達者。

531.

‘‘Dubhayāni viceyya paṇḍarāni, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca suddhipañño;

“洞察內部和外部的感覺,智慧純淨,

Kaṇhaṃ sukkaṃ upātivatto, paṇḍito tādi pavuccate tathattā.

超脫善惡,這樣的人被稱作智者。

532.

‘‘Asatañca satañca ñatvā dhammaṃ, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;

“洞察內部和外部的善惡,

Devamanussehi pūjanīyo, saṅgaṃ jālamaticca so munī’’ti.

受到神和人崇敬,越過束縛的羅網,這樣的人是牟尼。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako…pe… bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –

娑毗耶游方僧讚賞世尊的話,歡喜滿懷,興高采烈,繼續向世尊提問:

533.

‘‘Kiṃ pattinamāhu vedaguṃ, (iti sabhiyo)

“一個人怎樣才被稱作精通知識者?

Anuviditaṃ kena kathañca vīriyavāti;

怎樣才被稱作覺察者?怎樣才被稱作精進者?

Ājāniyo kinti nāma hoti,

怎樣才被稱作優秀者?

Puṭṭho me bhagavā byākarohi’’.

我問你,世尊啊,請你解答!”

534.

‘‘Vedāni viceyya kevalāni, (sabhiyāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!洞悉

Samaṇānaṃ yānidhatthi [yānipatthi (sī. syā. pī.)] brāhmaṇānaṃ;

沙門、婆羅門的所有知識,

Sabbavedanāsu vītarāgo,

擺脫對一切知識的貪求,

Sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū so.

超越一切知識,這樣的人是精通知識者。

535.

‘‘Anuvicca papañcanāmarūpaṃ, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca rogamūlaṃ;

“覺察虛妄的名色是內部和外部的貪慾之根,

Sabbarogamūlabandhanā pamutto, anuvidito tādi pavuccate tathattā.

徹底擺脫一切貪慾的束縛,這樣的人被稱作覺察者。

536.

‘‘Virato idha sabbapāpakehi, nirayadukkhaṃ aticca vīriyavā so;

“厭棄世上一切罪惡,越過地獄之苦,勤奮努力,

So vīriyavā padhānavā, dhīro tādi pavuccate tathattā.

堅持不懈,這樣的人被稱作為精進者。

537.

‘‘Yassassu lunāni bandhanāni, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca saṅgamūlaṃ;

“根除內部和外部的一切束縛,

Sabbasaṅgamūlabandhanā pamutto, ājāniyo tādi pavuccate tathattā’’ti.

徹底擺脫一切鼓掌縛和桎梏,這樣的人被稱作優秀者。

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako…pe… bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –

娑毗耶游方僧讚賞世尊的話,歡喜滿懷,興高采烈,繼續向世尊提問:

538.

‘‘Kiṃ pattinamāhu sottiyaṃ, (iti sabhiyo)

“一個人怎樣才被稱作有學問者?

Ariyaṃ kena kathañca caraṇavāti;

怎樣才被稱作高貴者?怎樣才被稱作善行者?

Paribbājako kinti nāma hoti,

怎樣才被稱作游方僧?

Puṭṭho me bhagavā byākarohi’’.

我問你,世尊啊,請你解答。”

539.

‘‘Sutvā sabbadhammaṃ abhiññāya loke, (sabhiyāti bhagavā)

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!聞聽一切正法,

Sāvajjānavajjaṃ yadatthi kiñci;

理解世上一切正確和錯誤,

Abhibhuṃ akathaṃkathiṃ vimuttaṃ,

駕馭一切,沒有疑惑,獲得解脫,

Anighaṃ sabbadhimāhu sottiyoti.

沒有任何煩惱,人們稱這樣的人為有學問者。

540.

‘‘Chetvā āsavāni ālayāni, vidvā so na upeti gabbhaseyyaṃ;

“鏟除煩惱和慾望,聰明睿智,不再投胎,

Saññaṃ tividhaṃ panujja paṅkaṃ, kappaṃ neti tamāhu ariyoti.

擺脫三名想(指色想,嗔想,異想)泥淖,不再進入劫波,人們稱這樣的人為高貴者。

541.

‘‘Yo idha caraṇesu pattipatto, kusalo sabbadā ājānāti [ājāni (syā.)] dhammaṃ;

“在這世的善行中達到至高的目的,通達,一貫,懂得正法,

Sabbattha na sajjati vimuttacitto [vimutto (sī.)], paṭighā yassa na santi caraṇavā so.

沒有任何執著,獲得解脫,沒有仇恨,這樣的人是善行者。

542.

‘‘Dukkhavepakkaṃ yadatthi kammaṃ, uddhamadho tiriyaṃ vāpi [tiriyañcāpi (syā.)] majjhe;

“從上面,下面,平面和中間,摒棄帶來痛苦的行為,

Paribbājayitvā pariññacārī, māyaṃ mānamathopi lobhakodhaṃ;

理智地生活,滅除虛妄、驕傲、貪慾、

Pariyantamakāsi nāmarūpaṃ, taṃ paribbājakamāhu pattipatta’’nti.

忿怒和名色,人們稱這種達到至高目的的人為游方僧。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā attamano pamudito udaggo pītisomanassajāto uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –

娑毗耶游方僧讚賞世尊的話,歡喜滿懷,興高采烈。他從座位上起身,偏覆左肩,雙手合十,向世尊致敬,用合適的偈頌當面讚美世尊:

543.

‘‘Yāni ca tīṇi yāni ca saṭṭhi, samaṇappavādasitāni [samaṇappavādanissitāni (syā. ka.)] bhūripañña;

“大智者啊!你克服了六十三種依據名想和詞彙概念的沙門觀點,

Saññakkharasaññanissitāni, osaraṇāni vineyya oghatamagā.

你越過了水流。

544.

‘‘Antagūsi pāragū [pāragūsi (syā. pī. ka.)] dukkhassa, arahāsi sammāsambuddho khīṇāsavaṃ taṃ maññe;

“你達到盡頭,越過痛苦,你是阿羅漢,三藐三佛陀,我認為你已滅寂煩惱。

Jutimā mutimā pahūtapañño, dukkhassantakaraṃ atāresi maṃ.

你有光輝,有思想,充滿智慧。消滅痛苦的人啊!你使我越過水流。

545.

‘‘Yaṃ me kaṅkhitamaññāsi, vicikicchā maṃ tārayi namo te;

“你知道我的惶惑,你使我越過各種疑問。

Muni monapathesu pattipatta, akhila ādiccabandhu soratosi.

向你致敬,牟尼啊!在智慧之路上,你已達到至高的目的。你毫無障礙,太陽的親屬啊!你是仁慈者。

546.

‘‘Yā me kaṅkhā pure āsi, taṃ me byākāsi cakkhumā;

“你解答了我先前的疑問,明眼者啊!

Addhā munīsi sambuddho, natthi nīvaraṇā tava.

你確實是牟尼,正等覺,完全沒有障礙。

547.

‘‘Upāyāsā ca te sabbe, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā;

“你驅除和毀滅一切煩惱;

Sītibhūto damappatto, dhitimā saccanikkamo.

你平靜,自制,堅定,誠實。

548.

‘‘Tassa te nāganāgassa, mahāvīrassa bhāsato;

“你是龍中之龍,大英雄。

Sabbe devānumodanti, ubho nāradapabbatā.

你說話時,所有的那羅陀和波跋多天神都高興喜歡。

549.

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;

“高尚的人啊!向你致敬!卓越的人啊,向你致敬!

Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo.

在神界和人界,你無與倫比。

550.

‘‘Tuvaṃ buddho tuvaṃ satthā, tuvaṃ mārābhibhū muni;

“你是佛陀,導師,降服摩羅的牟尼,

Tuvaṃ anusaye chetvā, tiṇṇo tāresi maṃ pajaṃ.

你斬斷偏執,越過並使人越過生存。

551.

‘‘Upadhī te samatikkantā, āsavā te padālitā;

“你超越生存因素,鏟除煩惱,

Sīhosi anupādāno, pahīnabhayabheravo.

你是獅子,無所執著,沒有疑懼和驚恐。

552.

‘‘Puṇḍarīkaṃ yathā vaggu, toye na upalimpati [toyena na upalippati (sī.), toye na upalippati (pī.), toyena na upalimpati (ka.)];

“正如美麗的蓮花不沾水,

Evaṃ puññe ca pāpe ca, ubhaye tvaṃ na limpasi;

你也不沾善惡,英雄啊!

Pāde vīra pasārehi, sabhiyo vandati satthuno’’ti.

伸出你的雙腳,娑毗耶向導師行禮。”

Atha kho sabhiyo paribbājako bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… esāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca; labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti .

於是娑毗耶游方僧以頭觸世尊的雙腳,向世尊說道:““妙極了,喬達摩!妙極了,喬達摩!正像一個人,喬答摩啊!扶正摔倒的東西,揭示隱蔽的東西,給迷路者指路,在黑暗中舉著油燈,讓那些有眼者能看到東西,世尊喬達摩以各種方式說法。我要皈依世尊喬達摩,皈依法,皈依比丘僧團。我要在世尊喬答摩面前出家,我能受具足戒嗎?”

‘‘Yo kho, sabhiya, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati; catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā’’ti.

世尊說道:“娑毗耶啊!按照佛教戒律,過去屬於外道的人想要出家,想要受具足戒,必須等候四個月,四個月以後,由思想堅定的諸比丘為他舉行出家和受戒儀戒,使他成為比丘。在這件事上,我也知道人與人之間的差別。”

‘‘Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhantā pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhantā upasampadaṃ cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya, ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi; catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā’’ti. Alattha kho sabhiyo paribbājako bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ alattha upasampadaṃ…pe… aññataro kho panāyasmā sabhiyo arahataṃ ahosīti.

娑毗耶說道:“世尊,如果按照佛教戒律,過去屬於外道的人想要出家,想要受具足戒,必須等候四個月,四個月以後,由思想堅定的諸比丘為他舉行出家和受戒儀戒,使他成為比丘。那麼,我將等候四年,四年後,由思想堅定的諸比丘為他舉行出家和受戒儀戒,使我成為比丘。”於是,娑毗耶游方僧果真在世尊面前出了家,果真得到了具足戒。在得到具足戒之後不久,可尊敬的娑毗耶獨自過隱居生活,凝思靜慮,精進努力,不久,便通過自己的智慧,在這世親證和達到梵行的最高理想,正是為此目的,善男子們才正確地離家出家。他感到自己已經滅寂生存,完成梵行,做了該做的事,在這世上再無別事。這樣,可尊敬的娑毗耶成為又一個阿羅漢。

Sabhiyasuttaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

7. Selasuttaṃ

7. 賽羅經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅguttarāpesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi yena āpaṇaṃ nāma aṅguttarāpānaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Assosi kho keṇiyo jaṭilo ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅguttarāpesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi āpaṇaṃ anuppatto. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti [bhagavā (syā. pī.)]. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ desati ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti.

如果我聞。從前,世尊曾經帶著大僧團在安古多羅波國遊行乞食,與一千二百五十比丘來到安古多羅波國的名為阿波那的小鎮。苦行者吉尼耶聽說沙門喬達摩,釋迦族之子,離開釋迦族出家。帶著大僧團在安古多羅波國遊行乞食,與一千二百五十比丘來到阿波那鎮,到處傳揚著對喬達摩的稱讚:這位世尊、阿羅漢、三藐三佛陀、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御大夫、天人師、佛陀,他自己洞察和親證之後,教誨神界,魔界,梵界中的沙門、婆羅門、神和人;他教誨的正法在開始、中間、結尾都是美好的。內容充實,意味豐富;他教誨完美純潔的梵行;見到這樣的阿羅漢是幸運的。

Atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho keṇiyaṃ jaṭilaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā keṇiyaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mahā kho, keṇiya, bhikkhusaṅgho aḍḍhateḷasāni bhikkhusatāni; tvañca brāhmaṇesu abhippasanno’’ti.

於是,苦行者吉尼耶前往世尊那裡,到了那裡,與世尊互致問候。問候之後。互相寒暄。寒暄之後,他坐在一旁。世尊說法,教誨坐在一旁的苦行者吉尼耶,使他高興喜悅。苦行者吉尼耶聽了世尊說法,受到教誨,高興喜悅,對世尊說道:“請喬答摩接受我的邀請,明天帶著比丘僧團來吃飯。”世尊聽後,對苦行者吉尼耶說道:“吉尼耶啊!為比丘僧團是龐大的,有一千二百五十比丘,而你又是忠於婆羅門的。”

Dutiyampi kho keṇiyo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi, bho gotama, mahā bhikkhusaṅgho aḍḍhateḷasāni bhikkhusatāni, ahañca brāhmaṇesu abhippasanno; adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā keṇiyaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mahā kho, keṇiya, bhikkhusaṅgho aḍḍhateḷasāni bhikkhusatāni; tvañca brāhmaṇesu abhippasanno’’ti.

苦行者吉尼耶第二次對世尊說道:“喬答摩啊!儘管這是個龐大的比丘僧團,有一千二百五十比丘,而我又是忠於婆羅門的,但還是請喬答摩您接受我的邀請,明天帶著比丘僧團來吃飯。”世尊第二次對苦行者吉尼耶說道:“吉尼耶啊!為比丘僧團是龐大的,有一千二百五十比丘,而你又是忠於婆羅門的。”

Tatiyampi kho keṇiyo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi, bho gotama, mahā bhikkhusaṅgho aḍḍhateḷasāni bhikkhusatāni, ahañca brāhmaṇesu abhippasanno, adhivāsetu [adhivāsetveva (sī.)] me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena sako assamo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mittāmacce ñātisālohite āmantesi – ‘‘suṇantu me bhavanto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, samaṇo me gotamo nimantito svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena, yena me kāyaveyyāvaṭikaṃ kareyyāthā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho keṇiyassa jaṭilassa mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā keṇiyassa jaṭilassa paṭissutvā appekacce uddhanāni khaṇanti, appekacce kaṭṭhāni phālenti, appekacce bhājanāni dhovanti, appekacce udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpenti, appekacce āsanāni paññāpenti. Keṇiyo pana jaṭilo sāmaṃyeva maṇḍalamāḷaṃ paṭiyādeti.

苦行者吉尼耶第三次對世尊說道:“喬答摩啊!儘管這是個龐大的比丘僧團,有一千二百五十比丘,而我又是忠於婆羅門的,但還是請喬答摩您接受我的邀請,明天帶著比丘僧團來吃飯。”世尊以沉默表示同意。 苦行者吉尼耶知道世尊已經同意,便從座位起身,回到自己的淨修林。到了那裡,他召集朋友、同事、親戚和族人說道:”尊敬的朋友、同事、親戚和族人,請聽我說,沙門喬達摩接受我的邀請,明天帶著比丘僧團來吃飯,你們務必幫忙。”苦行者吉尼耶的朋友、同事、親戚和族人回答道:“好吧,尊者!”於是,有些人挖灶,有些人劈柴,,有些人在洗器皿,有些人安置水罐,有些人安排座位,而苦行者吉尼耶則親自支援帳篷。

Tena kho pana samayena selo brāhmaṇo āpaṇe paṭivasati, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo, tīṇi ca māṇavakasatāni mante vāceti.

那時,有位名叫賽羅的婆羅門住在阿波那鎮。他精通三吠陀、尼犍豆、禮儀學、文字學、語音學、歷史傳說、吠陀讀法、語法、順世論和大人相,教三百青年念頌詩。

Tena kho pana samayena keṇiyo jaṭilo sele brāhmaṇe abhippasanno hoti. Atha kho selo brāhmaṇo tīhi māṇavakasatehi parivuto jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamamāno anuvicaramāno yena keṇiyassa jaṭilassa assamo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho selo brāhmaṇo keṇiyassa jaṭilassa assame [keṇissamiye jaṭile (sī. pī.)] appekacce uddhanāni khaṇante…pe… appekacce āsanāni paññapente, keṇiyaṃ pana jaṭilaṃ sāmaṃyeva maṇḍalamāḷaṃ paṭiyādentaṃ. Disvāna keṇiyaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhoto keṇiyassa āvāho vā bhavissati, vivāho vā bhavissati, mahāyañño vā paccupaṭṭhito, rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro nimantito svātanāya saddhiṃ balakāyenā’’ti?

那時,苦行者吉尼耶與賽羅婆羅門關係密切。賽羅婆羅門帶著三百青年徒步遊行,來到吉尼耶苦行者的淨修林。賽羅婆羅門看到苦行者吉尼耶的淨修林中,有些人挖灶,有些人在劈柴,有些人在洗器皿,有些人安置水罐,有些人安排座位,而苦行者吉尼耶則親自支援帳篷。見此情景,賽羅婆羅門對苦行者吉尼耶說道:“尊敬的吉尼耶是要娶媳婦還是要嫁女兒,或是準備舉行大祭,或是摩偈陀國王頻毗沙羅應邀明天率軍光臨,?”

‘‘Na me, bho sela, āvāho vā bhavissati vivāho vā, nāpi rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro nimantito svātanāya saddhiṃ balakāyena; api ca kho me mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito. Atthi samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅguttarāpesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi āpaṇaṃ anuppatto. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ…pe… buddho bhagavāti. So me nimantito svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. ‘‘Buddhoti, bho keṇiya, vadesi’’? ‘‘Buddhoti, bho sela, vadāmi’’. ‘‘Buddhoti, bho keṇiya, vadesi’’? ‘‘Buddhoti, bho sela, vadāmī’’ti.

“賽羅啊!我不是娶媳婦,不是嫁女兒,也不是摩偈陀國王頻毗沙羅應邀明天率軍光臨,但我確實是在準備舉行大祭。沙門喬答摩,釋迦族之子,離開釋迦族出家。帶著大僧團在安吉多羅波國遊行乞食,與一千二百五十比丘來到阿波那鎮,到處傳揚著對喬達摩的稱讚:這位世尊、阿羅漢、三藐三佛陀、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御大夫、天人師、佛陀,他接受了我的邀請,明天帶著比丘僧團來這裡。”“你是說佛陀嗎?吉尼耶!”“我是說佛陀。賽羅!”“你是說佛陀嗎?吉尼耶!”“我是說佛陀。賽羅!”

Atha kho selassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘ghosopi kho eso dullabho lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ buddhoti. Āgatāni kho panamhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati rājā hoti cakkavatti dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado [vivattacchaddo (sī. pī.)]. Kahaṃ pana, bho keṇiya, etarahi so bhavaṃ gotamo viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti?

於是,賽羅婆羅門說道:“佛陀之個詞,在這世上是不輕易說的。在我們的頌詩中,有三十二大人相,凡具備這些相記的大人物只有兩種情況,別無其他。如果他是在家人,則是一位國王,一位轉輪王,一位依法統治的法王,征服四方,國泰民安,擁有七寶。他的七寶是輪寶、象寶、馬寶、珠寶、女寶、司庫寶、將領寶。他有一千多個兒子。他們是氣慨非凡的英雄,能擊潰外敵。他不是靠權杖,不是靠武器,而是靠正法征服和統治大海圍繞的大地。如果他離俗出家,則是一個阿羅漢,三藐三佛陀,排除了塵世的蔽障。吉尼耶啊!世尊喬達摩,這位阿羅漢、三藐三佛陀現在住在哪裡?”

Evaṃ vutte, keṇiyo jaṭilo dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ paggahetvā selaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yenesā , bho sela, nīlavanarājī’’ti. Atha kho selo brāhmaṇo tīhi māṇavakasatehi saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho selo brāhmaṇo te māṇavake āmantesi – ‘‘appasaddā bhonto āgacchantu, pade padaṃ nikkhipantā. Durāsadā hi te bhagavanto [bhavanto (syā. ka.)] sīhāva ekacarā. Yadā cāhaṃ, bho, samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ manteyyuṃ, mā me bhonto antarantarā kathaṃ opātetha; kathāpariyosānaṃ me bhavanto āgamentū’’ti.

苦行者聽後,舉起右臂,對賽羅婆羅門說道:“賽羅婆羅門啊!他就在那一排青林裡。”於是,賽羅婆羅門帶著三百青年前往世尊那裡。賽羅婆羅門對青年們說道:“你們來吧,輕輕挪步,因為這些世尊難以接近,就像獨來獨往的獅子。當我與沙門喬達摩談話時,你們不要隨意打斷,你們要等到我與世尊談話結束。”

Atha kho selo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho selo brāhmaṇo bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi [sammannesi (sī. syā.)]. Addasā kho selo brāhmaṇo bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe, pahūtajivhatāya cāti.

於是,賽羅婆羅門走到世尊那裡。到了那裡,與世尊互相問候。問候之後,互相寒喧。寒暄之後,他坐在一旁。賽羅婆羅門坐在一旁後,在世尊身上尋找三十二大人相。賽羅婆羅門在世尊身上發現了幾乎全部三十二大人相,只除了兩個。他對這兩個大人相產生猶豫,懷疑,不滿意,沒把握----那是陰藏隱秘和廣長舌頭。

Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘passati kho me ayaṃ selo brāhmaṇo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe, pahūtajivhatāya cā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi [abhisaṅkhāresi (syā. ka.)], yathā addasa selo brāhmaṇo bhagavato kosohitaṃ vatthaguyhaṃ . Atha kho bhagavā jivhaṃ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṃ jivhāya chādesi.

於是,世尊心想:“這位賽羅婆羅門看到了我的幾乎全部三十二大人相,只除了兩個。他對這兩個大人相產生猶豫,懷疑,不滿意,沒把握----那是隱藏隱秘和廣長舌頭。”於是,世尊施展神通,讓賽羅婆羅門看到了陰藏隱密。然後,世尊伸出舌頭,碰到左右兩耳孔,又碰到上面兩鼻孔,直至用舌頭復蓋整個前額。

Atha kho selassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘samannāgato kho samaṇo gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi, no apuripuṇṇehi. No ca kho naṃ jānāmi buddho vā no vā. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘ye te bhavanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, te sake vaṇṇe bhaññamāne attānaṃ pātukarontī’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti. Atha kho selo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –

於是,賽羅婆羅門心想:“沙門喬答摩確實具有完全的三十二大人相,而不是部分的大人相。但我不知道他是不是佛陀?我聽年邁衰老的婆羅門老師的老師說過,那些阿羅漢,三藐三佛陀受到讚美,會顯示自己。我最好是當著喬達摩的面,用合適的偈頌讚美他。於是,賽羅婆羅門用合適的偈頌當面讚美世尊:

553.

‘‘Paripuṇṇakāyo suruci, sujāto cārudassano;

“世尊啊!你身軀完美,光彩熠熠,出身高貴,相貌動人,

Suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā, susukkadāṭhosi vīriyavā.

膚色金黃,牙齒潔白,精力旺盛。

554.

‘‘Narassa hi sujātassa, ye bhavanti viyañjanā;

“高貴出身者的標誌,所有的大人相,

Sabbe te tava kāyasmiṃ, mahāpurisalakkhaṇā.

在你身上一應俱全。

555.

‘‘Pasannanetto sumukho, brahā uju patāpavā;

“你眼睛清澈,面龐漂亮,身材高大,威儀端莊。

Majjhe samaṇasaṅghassa, ādiccova virocasi.

在沙門僧團中,像太陽一樣發光。

556.

‘‘Kalyāṇadassano bhikkhu, kañcanasannibhattaco;

“你這比丘相貌堂堂,膚色如金,

Kiṃ te samaṇabhāvena, evaṃ uttamavaṇṇino.

具有這樣的絕妙相貌,何必要做沙門呢?

557.

‘‘Rājā arahasi bhavituṃ, cakkavattī rathesabho;

“你配做國王,轉輪王,御者之主,

Cāturanto vijitāvī, jambusaṇḍassa [jambumaṇḍassa (ka.)] issaro.

四方征服者,贍部果園之主。

558.

‘‘Khattiyā bhogirājāno [bhojarājāno (sī. syā.)], anuyantā [anuyuttā (sī.)] bhavantu te;

“剎帝利和諸候都歸順你,

Rājābhirājā manujindo, rajjaṃ kārehi gotama’’.

喬達摩啊!你應該作為王中之大王、人中之因陀羅、治理王國。”

559.

‘‘Rājāhamasmi selāti, (bhagavā) dhammarājā anuttaro;

世尊說道:“賽羅啊!我是國王,一位無與倫比的法王,

Dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ’’.

我以法轉輪不倒退。”

560.

‘‘Sambuddho paṭijānāsi, (iti selo brāhmaṇo) dhammarājā anuttaro;

賽羅婆羅門說道:“喬達摩啊,你說”‘我以法轉動這法輪。’

‘Dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi’, iti bhāsasi gotama.

你知道你是正等覺,無與倫比的法王。

561.

‘‘Ko nu senāpati bhoto, sāvako satthuranvayo;

“誰是你的將領、弟子、傳承人?

Ko te tamanuvatteti, dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ’’.

誰將繼續轉動這法輪?”

562.

‘‘Mayā pavattitaṃ cakkaṃ, (selāti bhagavā) dhammacakkaṃ anuttaraṃ;

世尊說道:“賽羅啊!我所轉動的這無上法輪,

Sāriputto anuvatteti, anujāto tathāgataṃ.

在如來之後,由舍利弗繼續轉動。

563.

‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;

“應該知道的我都知道,應該具備的我都具備了,

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇa.

應該拋棄的我都拋棄了,所以,我是佛陀,婆羅門啊!

564.

‘‘Vinayassu mayi kaṅkhaṃ, adhimuccassu brāhmaṇa;

“消除對我的懷疑,婆羅門啊!

Dullabhaṃ dassanaṃ hoti, sambuddhānaṃ abhiṇhaso.

相信我,見到正等覺一向是難得的。

565.

‘‘Yesaṃ ve [yesaṃ vo (pī.), yassa ve (syā.)] dullabho loke, pātubhāvo abhiṇhaso;

“我就是在這世上一向難得出現的正等覺,

Sohaṃ brāhmaṇa sambuddho, sallakatto anuttaro.

婆羅門啊!我是無與倫比的醫生。

566.

‘‘Brahmabhūto atitulo, mārasenappamaddano;

“我是眾生魁首,無與倫比,摩羅大軍的降伏者;

Sabbāmitte vasīkatvā, modāmi akutobhayo’’.

我征服了一切敵人,滿懷喜悅,無所畏懼。”

567.

‘‘Imaṃ bhavanto nisāmetha, yathā bhāsati cakkhumā;

“朋友們,聽著!正如這位明眼者所說,

Sallakatto mahāvīro, sīhova nadatī vane.

他是醫生,大英雄,像在林中的獅子發出吼聲。

568.

‘‘Brahmabhūtaṃ atitulaṃ, mārasenappamaddanaṃ;

“見到這樣一位無與倫比的眾生魁首,摩羅大軍的降伏者,

Ko disvā nappasīdeyya, api kaṇhābhijātiko.

誰會不高興呢?即使出身低財賤者也是如此。

569.

‘‘Yo maṃ icchati anvetu, yo vā nicchati gacchatu;

“願意者跟隨我,不願意者請離開,

Idhāhaṃ pabbajissāmi, varapaññassa santike’’.

我將在這裡當著無上智者的面出家。”

570.

‘‘Evañce [etañce (sī. pī.)] ruccati bhoto, sammāsambuddhasāsane [sammāsambuddhasāsanaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)];

“如果您喜歡三藐三佛陀的教誨,

Mayampi pabbajissāma, varapaññassa santike’’.

我們也將當著無上智者的面出家。”

571.

‘‘Brāhmaṇā tisatā ime, yācanti pañjalīkatā;

這三百婆羅門雙手合十,請求道:

Brahmacariyaṃ carissāma, bhagavā tava santike’’.

“世尊啊,我們願在你的身邊修習梵行。”

572.

‘‘Svākkhātaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, (selāti bhagavā) sandiṭṭhikamakālikaṃ;

世尊說道:“賽羅啊!我精心教誨的梵行是現世的,直接的,

Yattha amoghā pabbajjā, appamattassa sikkhato’’ti.

對努力修習者來說,出家不會徒勞無益。”

Alattha kho selo brāhmaṇo sapariso bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena sake assame paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti . Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena keṇiyassa jaṭilassa assamo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena.

於是,賽羅婆羅門帶著追隨者們當著世尊的面出家受戒。而苦行者吉尼耶在夜晚過後,在自己的淨修林中,準備好上等的硬食與軟食,讓人去通知世尊吃飯:“喬達摩啊!到時間了,飯已經準備好了。”於是,在清晨,世尊穿上衣服,帶著缽和袈裟,來到苦行者吉尼耶的淨修林。到了那裡,與比丘僧團一起按位就座。

Atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho keṇiyaṃ jaṭilaṃ bhagavā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –

苦行者吉尼耶親自用上等硬食和軟食侍奉以佛陀為首的比丘僧團,使他們高興滿意。當世尊吃完飯,手從缽上移開時,苦行者吉尼耶拿一個低座,坐在一旁。世尊向坐在一旁的苦行者吉尼耶念頌了這些偈頌,使他高興:

573.

‘‘Aggihuttamukhā yaññā, sāvittī chandaso mukhaṃ;

“祭祀中,以火祭為首;韻律中,以薩維蒂為首;

Rājā mukhaṃ manussānaṃ, nadīnaṃ sāgaro mukhaṃ.

凡人中,以國王為首;河流中,以大海為首。

574.

‘‘Nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ cando, ādicco tapataṃ mukhaṃ;

“星宿中,以月亮為首;發光體中,以太陽為首;

Puññaṃ ākaṅkhamānānaṃ, saṅgho ve yajataṃ mukha’’nti.

在渴求功德和舉行祭祀的人中,以僧團為首。”

Atha kho bhagavā keṇiyaṃ jaṭilaṃ imāhi gāthāhi anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā selo sapariso eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasse …pe… aññataro kho panāpasmā selo sapariso arahataṃ ahosi.

世尊念了這些偈頌,使吉尼耶苦行者高興後,從座位起身離去,而可尊敬的賽羅帶著追隨者們獨自隱居生活,凝思靜慮,精進努力。不久,便通過自己的智慧,在這世親證和達到梵行的最高理想。正是為此目的,善男子們才正確地離家出家。他感到自己已經滅寂生存,完成梵行,做了該做的事,在這世上再無別事。這樣可尊敬的賽羅帶著追隨者們成了阿羅漢中的一員,

Atha kho āyasmā selo sapariso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –

然後,可尊敬的賽羅帶著追隨者們前往世尊那裡,到了那裡,他偏覆左肩,雙後合十,向世尊致敬,用偈頌向世尊說道:

575.

‘‘Yaṃ taṃ saraṇamāgamha [māgamma (sī. syā. ka.)], ito aṭṭhami cakkhuma;

“明眼者啊!八天前我們皈依你,

Sattarattena bhagavā, dantamha tava sāsane.

世尊啊!第七天夜晚,我們按照你的教誨,調伏了自己。

576.

‘‘Tuvaṃ buddho tuvaṃ satthā, tuvaṃ mārābhibhū muni;

“你是佛陀,你是導師,你是降伏魔羅的牟尼,

Tuvaṃ anusaye chetvā, tiṇṇo tāresimaṃ pajaṃ.

你斬斷煩惱,越過水流,也使人越過生存。

577.

‘‘Upadhī te samatikkantā, āsavā te padālitā;

“你超越生存因素,鏟除煩惱,

Sīhosi [sīhova (ma. ni. 2.401)] anupādāno, pahīnabhayabheravo.

你是獅子,無所執著,沒有疑懼和驚恐。

578.

‘‘Bhikkhavo tisatā ime, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā;

“這三百比丘站在這裡,雙手合十,

Pāde vīra pasārehi, nāgā vandantu satthuno’’ti.

英雄啊!伸出你的雙腳,讓這些無罪者向導師行觸足禮。”

Selasuttaṃ sattamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

8. Sallasuttaṃ

8. 箭經

579.

Animittamanaññātaṃ , maccānaṃ idha jīvitaṃ;

在這世上,人生無歸屬,不可知,

Kasirañca parittañca, tañca dukkhena saṃyutaṃ.

煩惱而短促,充滿痛苦。

580.

Na hi so upakkamo atthi, yena jātā na miyyare;

沒有辦法能使生者免於死;

Jarampi patvā maraṇaṃ, evaṃdhammā hi pāṇino.

到了老年,便是死亡,就是眾生的規律。

581.

Phalānamiva pakkānaṃ, pāto patanato [papatato (sī. pī. aṭṭha.)] bhayaṃ;

正如成熟的果子面臨掉落的危險,

Evaṃ jātāna maccānaṃ, niccaṃ maraṇato bhayaṃ.

出生的人始終面臨死亡,這是眾生的規律。

582.

Yathāpi kumbhakārassa, katā mattikabhājanā;

正如陶工製作的陶器,

Sabbe bhedanapariyantā [bhedapariyantā (syā.)], evaṃ maccāna jīvitaṃ.

最終總要破碎,人生也是如此。

583.

Daharā ca mahantā ca, ye bālā ye ca paṇḍitā;

幼者和長者,愚者和智者,

Sabbe maccuvasaṃ yanti, sabbe maccuparāyaṇā.

所有的人都受死神控制,所有的人和歸宿都是死亡。

584.

Tesaṃ maccuparetānaṃ, gacchataṃ paralokato;

當他們在死神控制下,前往另一世界時,

Na pitā tāyate puttaṃ, ñātī vā pana ñātake.

父親救護不了兒子,親人救護不了親人。

585.

Pekkhataṃ yeva ñātīnaṃ, passa lālapataṃ puthu;

請看,親人嚎淘大哭,

Ekamekova maccānaṃ, govajjho viya nīyati [niyyati (bahūsu)].

眼望著一個人、一個人被帶走,就像牛進屠場。

586.

Evamabbhāhato loko, maccunā ca jarāya ca;

人世就是這樣,受衰老和死亡折磨,

Tasmā dhīrā na socanti, viditvā lokapariyāyaṃ.

所以,智者懂得人世的規則,不再悲傷。

587.

Yassa maggaṃ na jānāsi, āgatassa gatassa vā;

你不知道來路和去路,

Ubho ante asampassaṃ, niratthaṃ paridevasi.

也看不見兩者的盡頭,悲傷也徒然。

588.

Paridevayamāno ce, kiñcidatthaṃ udabbahe;

愚者悲傷,只能傷害自己。

Sammūḷho hiṃsamattānaṃ, kayirā ce naṃ vicakkhaṇo.

如果悲傷有用,那麼智者也會這樣去做。

589.

Na hi ruṇṇena sokena, santiṃ pappoti cetaso;

哭泣和憂傷不能使心境平靜,

Bhiyyassuppajjate dukkhaṃ, sarīraṃ cupahaññati.

只會加深痛苦,損害身體。

590.

Kiso vivaṇṇo bhavati, hiṃsamattānamattanā;

消瘦,憔悴,自己傷害自己,

Na tena petā pālenti, niratthā paridevanā.

死者並不因此復活,悲傷徒勞無益。

591.

Sokamappajahaṃ jantu, bhiyyo dukkhaṃ nigacchati;

為死者哀號慟哭,會陷入悲傷;

Anutthunanto kālaṅkataṃ [kālakataṃ (sī. syā.)], sokassa vasamanvagū.

擺脫不了悲傷,會陷入更深的痛苦。

592.

Aññepi passa gamine, yathākammūpage nare;

請看另一些按其業死去的人,

Maccuno vasamāgamma, phandantevidha pāṇino.

他們受死神控制,在這世上戰戰兢兢。

593.

Yena yena hi maññanti, tato taṃ hoti aññathā;

人們抱有種種想法,但實際並非如此,

Etādiso vinābhāvo, passa lokassa pariyāyaṃ.

死別就是這樣。請看,這是人世的規則。

594.

Api vassasataṃ jīve, bhiyyo vā pana māṇavo;

一個人即使活上一百年,甚至更多年,

Ñātisaṅghā vinā hoti, jahāti idha jīvitaṃ.

最終也要與親人分離,拋棄這世的生命。

595.

Tasmā arahato sutvā, vineyya paridevitaṃ;

因此,聽取阿羅漢的話,排除悲傷,

Petaṃ kālaṅkataṃ disvā, neso labbhā mayā iti.

看到一個人死去時,便想:“我不會再見到他了。”

596.

Yathā saraṇamādittaṃ, vārinā parinibbaye [parinibbuto (sī. ka.)];

正如用水撲滅燃燒的房子,

Evampi dhīro sapañño, paṇḍito kusalo naro;

一位堅定、聰明、通達的智者

Khippamuppatitaṃ sokaṃ, vāto tūlaṃva dhaṃsaye.

能迅速驅散湧起的悲傷,就像風兒驅散棉絮。

597.

Paridevaṃ pajappañca, domanassañca attano;

一個為自己謀求幸福的人,

Attano sukhamesāno, abbahe sallamattano.

應該拔掉自己的箭,自己的悲傷、慾望和憂慮。

598.

Abbuḷhasallo asito, santiṃ pappuyya cetaso;

拔掉了這箭,便無所執著,心境平靜,

Sabbasokaṃ atikkanto, asoko hoti nibbutoti.

超越一切憂傷,無憂無慮,達到解脫。

Sallasuttaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

9. Vāseṭṭhasuttaṃ

9. 婆塞特經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā brāhmaṇamahāsālā icchānaṅgale paṭivasanti, seyyathidaṃ – caṅkī brāhmaṇo, tārukkho brāhmaṇo, pokkharasāti brāhmaṇo, jāṇussoṇi [jāṇusoṇi (ka.)] brāhmaṇo, todeyyo brāhmaṇo, aññe ca abhiññātā abhiññātā brāhmaṇamahāsālā. Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājānaṃ māṇavānaṃ jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamantānaṃ anuvicarantānaṃ [anucaṅkamamānānaṃ anuvicaramānānaṃ (sī. pī.)] ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘‘kathaṃ, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī’’ti?

如是我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在願望犁的願望犁叢林。那時,許多著名的、富裕的婆羅門住在願望犁,諸如旃吉婆羅門,達羅講婆羅門,波會羅薩帝婆羅門,諸努索尼婆羅門,多提耶婆羅門和其他一些著名的、富裕的婆羅門。那時,有兩位青年婆塞特和婆羅德婆諸邊走邊談這個問題:“一個人是怎麼成為婆羅門的?”

Bhāradvājo māṇavo evamāha – ‘‘yato kho, bho, ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, ettāvatā kho bho brāhmaṇo hotī’’ti.

婆羅德婆諸青年說:“他父母雙方都是好出身,上溯七代血統純潔,在種姓問題上從未降格,無可指摘,這樣他就是一個婆羅門。”

Vāseṭṭho māṇavo evamāha – ‘‘yato kho, bho, sīlavā ca hoti vatasampanno [vattasampanno (sī. syā. ma. ni. 2.454)] ca, ettāvatā kho, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī’’ti. Neva kho asakkhi bhāradvājo māṇavo vāseṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ saññāpetuṃ, na pana asakkhi vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhāradvājaṃ māṇavaṃ saññāpetuṃ.

而婆塞特青年說:“他具有德行和善行,這樣,他就是一個婆羅門。”婆羅德婆諸青年不能說服婆塞特青年;婆塞特青年也不能說服婆羅德婆諸青年。

Atha kho vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhāradvājaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho, bho [ayaṃ bho (sī. syā. ka.), ayaṃ kho (pī.)] bhāradvāja, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe; taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi…pe… buddho bhagavā’ti. Āyāma, bho bhāradvāja, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ etamatthaṃ pucchissāma. Yathā no samaṇo gotamo byākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho bhāradvājo māṇavo vāseṭṭhassa māṇavassa paccassosi.

於是,婆塞特青年對婆羅德婆諸青年說道:“婆羅德婆諸啊,沙門喬答摩,釋迦族之子,離開釋迦族出家,住在願望犁的願望犁叢林,到處傳揚著對喬達摩的稱讚:這位世尊、阿羅漢、三藐三佛陀、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御大夫、天人師、佛陀,可敬的婆羅德婆諸啊!讓我們到沙門喬達摩那裡去。到了那裡,我們問沙門喬答摩這問題,他怎麼回答,我們就怎麼接受。”婆羅德婆諸青年對婆塞特青年說道:“就這麼辦吧!”

Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā māṇavā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –

於是,婆塞特和婆羅德婆諸兩位青年前往世尊那裡。到了那裡,與世尊互相問候。問候之後,互相寒喧。寒暄之後,他倆坐在一旁。坐在一旁後,婆塞特青年用偈頌對世尊說道:

599.

‘‘Anuññātapaṭiññātā, tevijjā mayamasmubho;

“我們是公認的三吠陀學者,

Ahaṃ pokkharasātissa, tārukkhassāyaṃ māṇavo.

我是波會羅薩的弟子,這位青年是達羅會的弟子。

600.

‘‘Tevijjānaṃ yadakkhātaṃ, tatra kevalinosmase;

“我們精通三吠陀學者講述的一切;我們是語法學家,

Padakasma veyyākaraṇā, jappe ācariyasādisā.

精通吠陀讀法,在吟誦方面,與老師不相上下。

601.

‘‘Tesaṃ no jātivādasmiṃ, vivādo atthi gotama;

“喬達摩啊!在種姓問題上,我倆有分歧,

Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti, bhāradvājo iti bhāsati;

婆羅德婆諸說一個人由於出身才成為婆羅門,

Ahañca kammunā [kammanā (sī. pī.) evamuparipi] brūmi, evaṃ jānāhi cakkhuma.

而我說由於行為。你知道這個問題,明眼者啊!

602.

‘‘Te na sakkoma saññāpetuṃ, aññamaññaṃ mayaṃ ubho;

“我倆互相不能說服對方,

Bhavantaṃ [bhagavantaṃ (ka.)] puṭṭhumāgamhā, sambuddhaṃ iti vissutaṃ.

前來向你請教,因為你以‘正等覺’聞名。

603.

‘‘Candaṃ yathā khayātītaṃ, pecca pañjalikā janā;

”正像人們雙手合十,向新月敬禮那樣,

Vandamānā namassanti, evaṃ lokasmi gotamaṃ.

在這世上,人們也向喬達摩敬禮。

604.

‘‘Cakkhuṃ loke samuppannaṃ, mayaṃ pucchāma gotamaṃ;

“我們請教世上的明眼者喬達摩:

Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti, udāhu bhavati kammunā;

一個人成為婆羅門究竟是靠出身,還是靠行為?

Ajānataṃ no pabrūhi, yathā jānesu brāhmaṇaṃ’’.

我們不知道,請你告訴我們,讓我們懂得何為婆羅門。”

605.

‘‘Tesaṃ vo ahaṃ byakkhissaṃ, (vāseṭṭhāti bhagavā) anupubbaṃ yathātathaṃ;

世尊說道:“婆塞特啊!我將逐一地,如實地向你們解釋

Jātivibhaṅgaṃ pāṇānaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

生物的出身區分,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

606.

‘‘Tiṇarukkhepi jānātha, na cāpi paṭijānare;

“你們知道草和樹,儘管它們自己不知道,

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

出身形成它們的特徵,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

607.

‘‘Tato kīṭe paṭaṅge ca, yāva kunthakipillike;

“你們知道蛆、蛾、螞蟻,

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

出身形成它們的特徵,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

608.

‘‘Catuppadepi jānātha, khuddake ca mahallake;

“你們知道大大小小四足動物,

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

出身形成它們的特徵,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

609.

‘‘Pādūdarepi jānātha, urage dīghapiṭṭhike;

“你們知道爬行的蛇,

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

出身形成它們的特徵,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

610.

‘‘Tato macchepi jānātha, odake vārigocare;

“你們知道水中游動的魚,

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

出身形成它們的特徵,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

611.

‘‘Tato pakkhīpi jānātha, pattayāne vihaṅgame;

“你們知道振翅飛行的鳥,

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ, aññamaññā hi jātiyo.

出身形成它們的特徵,因為它們的出身多種多樣。

612.

‘‘Yathā etāsu jātīsu, liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ puthu;

“在這些種類的生物中,由出身形成的特徵多種多樣,

Evaṃ natthi manussesu, liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ puthu.

而在人類中,由出身形成的特處並不多種多樣。

613.

‘‘Na kesehi na sīsena, na kaṇṇehi na akkhibhi;

“不是由於頭髮、頭、耳朵、眼睛、

Na mukhena na nāsāya, na oṭṭhehi bhamūhi vā.

嘴、鼻、嘴脣、眉毛,

614.

‘‘Na gīvāya na aṃsehi, na udarena na piṭṭhiyā;

“不是由於頭頸、肩、腹、背、

Na soṇiyā na urasā, na sambādhe na methune [na sambādhā na methunā (syā. ka.)].

乳房、陰戶、交媾,

615.

‘‘Na hatthehi na pādehi, nāṅgulīhi nakhehi vā;

“不是由於手、腳、手掌、指甲、

Na jaṅghāhi na ūrūhi, na vaṇṇena sarena vā;

小腿、大腿、膚色和聲音

Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ neva, yathā aññāsu jātisu.

而形成出身特徵,像其他生物那樣。

616.

‘‘Paccattañca sarīresu [paccattaṃ sasarīresu (sī. pī.)], manussesvetaṃ na vijjati;

“人類不存在身體上的差異,

Vokārañca manussesu, samaññāya pavuccati.

人類中的區別由名稱表示。

617.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, gorakkhaṃ upajīvati;

“人類中以養牛為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, kassako so na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是農民,不是婆羅門。

618.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, puthusippena jīvati;

“人類中以手藝為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, sippiko so na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是手藝人,不是婆羅門。

619.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, vohāraṃ upajīvati;

“人類中以經商為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, vāṇijo so na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是商人,不是婆羅門。

620.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, parapessena jīvati;

“人類中以侍候他人為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, pessiko [pessako (ka.)] so na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是僕人,不是婆羅門。

621.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, adinnaṃ upajīvati;

“人類中以偷盜為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, coro eso na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是盜賊,不是婆羅門。

622.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, issatthaṃ upajīvati;

“人類中以射箭為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, yodhājīvo na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是士兵,不是婆羅門。

623.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, porohiccena jīvati;

“人類中以祭祀為生的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, yājako eso na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是祭司,不是婆羅門。

624.

‘‘Yo hi koci manussesu, gāmaṃ raṭṭhañca bhuñjati;

“人類中以享受村莊和王國的人,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, rājā eso na brāhmaṇo.

婆塞特啊!你知道,這樣的人是國王,不是婆羅門。

625.

‘‘Na cāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ brūmi, yonijaṃ mattisambhavaṃ;

“我不根據出身或母系出身稱一個人為婆羅門,

Bhovādi nāma so hoti, sace [sa ve (sī. syā.)] hoti sakiñcano;

他可以稱作‘薄婆底’,可以富裕有錢,

Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

而我稱一無所有、毫無執著的人為婆羅門。

626.

‘‘Sabbasaṃyojanaṃ chetvā, so ve na paritassati;

“斬斷一切束縛,無所畏懼,

Saṅgātigaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

超越執著,獲得解脫,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

627.

‘‘Chetvā naddhiṃ varattañca, sandānaṃ sahanukkamaṃ;

“斬斷束縛人的套索,皮索和繩索,

Ukkhittapalighaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

鏟除障礙,達到覺智,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

628.

‘‘Akkosaṃ vadhabandhañca, aduṭṭho yo titikkhati;

“即使無辜,也能忍受責罵、鞭打和囚禁,

Khantībalaṃ balānīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

以忍達到覺智,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

629.

‘‘Akkodhanaṃ vatavantaṃ, sīlavantaṃ anussadaṃ;

“不忿怒,有善行,有德行,不狂妄,

Dantaṃ antimasārīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

自制,此生是最後一生,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

630.

‘‘Vāri pokkharapatteva, āraggeriva sāsapo;

“就像荷葉上的水珠,針尖上的芥末,

Yo na limpati kāmesu, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

他不沾染愛慾,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

631.

‘‘Yo dukkhassa pajānāti, idheva khayamattano;

“他懂得在這世滅寂自己的痛苦,

Pannabhāraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

卸下重負,獲得解脫,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

632.

‘‘Gambhīrapaññaṃ medhāviṃ, maggāmaggassa kovidaṃ;

“智慧深邃,聰明,明辨正路和邪路,

Uttamatthamanuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

達到至高目的,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

633.

‘‘Asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ;

“既不與在家人交往,也不與出家人交往,

Anokasārimappicchaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

出家遊蕩,沒有慾望,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

634.

‘‘Nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu, tasesu thāvaresu ca;

“不對眾生施暴,無論是弱者還是強者;

Yo na hanti na ghāteti, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

不傷害,也不引起傷害,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

635.

‘‘Aviruddhaṃ viruddhesu, attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṃ;

“在乖違者中,他不乖違;在暴虐者中,他平靜;

Sādānesu anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

在執著者中,他不執著;我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

636.

‘‘Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, māno makkho ca pātito;

“貪慾、仇恨、驕傲和欺妄都已消除,

Sāsaporiva āraggā, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

猶如芥末從尖上掉落,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

637.

‘‘Akakkasaṃ viññāpaniṃ, giraṃ saccamudīraye;

“說話溫和,有益和真實,

Yāya nābhisaje kañci, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

不對任何人發脾氣,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

638.

‘‘Yodha dīghaṃ va rassaṃ vā, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;

無論是長的、短的、大的、小的、還是好的、壞的,(638此句與原譯文順序對調)

Loke adinnaṃ nādiyati, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

在這世上,不拿任何不是給他的東西,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

639.

‘‘Āsā yassa na vijjanti, asmiṃ loke paramhi ca;

“對此世和彼世都不企求,

Nirāsāsaṃ [nirāsayaṃ (sī. syā. pī.), nirāsakaṃ (?)] visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

毫無慾望,達到解脫,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

640.

‘‘Yassālayā na vijjanti, aññāya akathaṃkathī;

“毫無執著,通過知識消除疑慮,

Amatogadhamanuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

進入永恆境界,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

641.

‘‘Yodha puññañca pāpañca, ubho saṅgamupaccagā;

“克服善惡束縛。

Asokaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

擺脫憂愁,滌除塵垢,純潔無瑕,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

642.

‘‘Candaṃva vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;

“像月亮一樣清澈,明淨,純潔無瑕,

Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

滅寂喜悅之情,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

643.

‘‘Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā;

“越過難以越過的輪迴泥潭,越過痴迷,

Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, anejo akathaṃkathī;

到達彼岸,專心修禪,沒有慾望,沒有疑慮,

Anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

沒有執著,獲得解脫,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

644.

‘‘Yodha kāme pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje;

“在這世拋棄愛慾,離家成為出家人,

Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

滅寂愛慾的存在,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

645.

‘‘Yodha taṇhaṃ pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje;

“在這世拋棄貪慾,離家成為出家人,

Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

滅寂貪慾的存在,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

646.

‘‘Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ, dibbaṃ yogaṃ upaccagā;

“摒棄人的束縛,克服神的束縛,

Sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

擺脫一切束縛,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

647.

‘‘Hitvā ratiñca aratiṃ, sītibhūtaṃ nirūpadhiṃ;

“摒棄歡喜和厭惡,鎮靜自若,排除生存因素,

Sabbalokābhibhuṃ vīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

成為制服一切世界的英雄,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

648.

‘‘Cutiṃ yo vedi [yo’veti (?) itivuttake 99 aṭṭhakathāsaṃvaṇanā passitabbā] ttānaṃ, upapattiñca sabbaso;

“通曉眾生的消亡和再生,

Asattaṃ sugataṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

無所執著,成為善逝、佛陀,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

649.

‘‘Yassa gatiṃ na jānanti, devā gandhabbamānusā;

“神、乾闥婆和人都不知道他的蹤跡;

Khīṇāsavaṃ arahantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

他滅寂煩惱,成為阿羅漢,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

650.

‘‘Yassa pure ca pacchā ca, majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṃ;

“在過去、未來和現在,

Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

他一無所有,毫無執著,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

651.

‘‘Usabhaṃ pavaraṃ vīraṃ, mahesiṃ vijitāvinaṃ;

“他是人中之公牛,賢者,英雄,大仙,勝利者,

Anejaṃ nhātakaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

無欲者,純潔者和覺醒者,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

652.

‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedi [yo’veti (?) itivuttake 99 aṭṭhakathāsaṃvaṇanā passitabbā], saggāpāyañca passati;

“他知道前生情況,目睹天國和地獄,

Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

於是滅寂再生,我稱這樣的人為婆羅門。

653.

‘‘Samaññā hesā lokasmiṃ, nāmagottaṃ pakappitaṃ;

“在這世上,用作名字和族姓的只是名稱,

Sammuccā samudāgataṃ, tattha tattha pakappitaṃ.

所有各處採用的都是名稱。

654.

‘‘Dīgharattamanusayitaṃ, diṭṭhigatamajānataṃ;

“無知者的錯誤觀點長期流行;

Ajānantā no [ajānantā te (aṭṭha.) ma. ni. 2.460] pabruvanti, jātiyā hoti brāhmaṇo.

無知者告訴我們:婆羅門都是由出身決定的。

655.

‘‘Na jaccā brāhmaṇo hoti, na jaccā hoti abrāhmaṇo;

“婆羅門不由出身決定,非婆羅門也不由出身決定;

Kammunā brāhmaṇo hoti, kammunā hoti abrāhmaṇo.

婆羅門由行為決定,非婆羅門也由行為決定。

656.

‘‘Kassako kammunā hoti, sippiko hoti kammunā;

“農民由行為決定,手藝人由行為決定,

Vāṇijo kammunā hoti, pessiko hoti kammunā.

商人由行為決定,僕人由行為決定。

657.

‘‘Coropi kammunā hoti, yodhājīvopi kammunā;

“盜賊由行為決定,士兵由行為決定,

Yājako kammunā hoti, rājāpi hoti kammunā.

祭司由行為決定,國王由行為決定。

658.

‘‘Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ, kammaṃ passanti paṇḍitā;

“智者洞悉因緣,懂得行為的果報,

Paṭiccasamuppādadassā, kammavipākakovidā.

所以能如實地看待這種行為。(658此句中文翻譯順序與巴利原文顛倒)

659.

‘‘Kammunā vattati loko, kammunā vattati pajā;

“由於行為,世界才存在;由於行為。人類才存在;

Kammanibandhanā sattā, rathassāṇīva yāyato.

眾生受行為束縛,猶如轉動的車輪受車閘束縛。

660.

‘‘Tapena brahmacariyena, saṃyamena damena ca;

“憑苦行,憑梵行,憑自制,憑柔順,

Etena brāhmaṇo hoti, etaṃ brāhmaṇamuttamaṃ.

一個人才成為婆羅門。這才是最好的婆羅門。

661.

‘‘Tīhi vijjāhi sampanno, santo khīṇapunabbhavo;

“他掌握三吠陀,平靜,滅寂再生,

Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi, brahmā sakko vijānata’’nti.

婆塞特啊,你要知道,這是智者中的梵天和帝釋天。”

Evaṃ vutte, vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā māṇavā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete [pāṇupetaṃ (ka.)] saraṇaṃ gate’’ti.

婆塞特和婆羅德婆諸兩位青年聽了之後,對世尊說道:“妙極了,喬達摩!妙極了,喬達摩!正像一個人,喬答摩啊!扶正摔倒的東西,揭示隱蔽的東西,給迷路者指路,在黑暗中舉著油燈,讓那些有眼者能看到東西,世尊喬達摩以各種方式說法。我要皈依世尊喬達摩,皈依法,皈依比丘僧團。請世尊喬答摩接受我們為優婆塞。從今以後,我們將終生尋求庇護。

Vāseṭṭhasuttaṃ navamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

10. Kokālikasuttaṃ

10. 拘迦利耶經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pāpicchā, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti.

如果我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在舍衛城給孤獨園逝多林中。那時,有位名叫拘迦利耶的比丘來到世尊喬達摩那裡,到了那裡,向世尊行禮,坐在一旁。坐在一旁之後,拘迦利耶比丘對世尊說道:“世尊啊!舍利弗和目犍連有邪念,他們陷入邪念的控制中。”

Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, mā hevaṃ, kokālika! Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti.

世尊聽後,對拘迦利耶比丘說道:“別這麼說,拘迦利耶!別這麼說,拘迦利耶!你要善意地對待舍利弗和目犍連;舍利弗和目犍連品行端正。”

Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi me, bhante, bhagavā saddhāyiko paccayiko, atha kho pāpicchāva sāriputtamoggallānā, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika , mā hevaṃ, kokālika! Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti.

拘迦利耶比丘第二次對世尊說道:“對我來說,世尊啊,你是虔誠的,可信的,然而舍利弗和目犍連有邪念,他們陷入邪念的控制中。”世尊第二次拘迦利耶說道:“別這樣說,拘迦利耶!別這樣說,拘迦利耶!你要善意地對待舍利弗和目犍連;舍利弗和目犍連品行端正。”拘迦利耶比丘第三次對世尊說道:“對我來說,世尊啊,你是虔誠的,可信的,然而舍利弗和目犍連有邪念,他們陷入邪念的控制中。”世尊第三次拘迦利耶說道:“別這樣說,拘迦利耶!別這樣說,拘迦利耶!你要善意地對待舍利弗和目犍連;舍利弗和目犍連品行端正。”

Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Acirappakkantassa ca kokālikassa bhikkhuno sāsapamattīhi piḷakāhi sabbo kāyo phuṭo [phuṭṭho (syā.)] ahosi; sāsapamattiyo hutvā muggamattiyo ahesuṃ; muggamattiyo hutvā kaḷāyamattiyo ahesuṃ; kaḷāyamattiyo hutvā kolaṭṭhimattiyo ahesuṃ; kolaṭṭhimattiyo hutvā kolamattiyo ahesuṃ; kolamattiyo hutvā āmalakamattiyo ahesuṃ; āmalakamattiyo hutvā beḷuvasalāṭukamattiyo ahesuṃ; beḷuvasalāṭukamattiyo hutvā billamattiyo ahesuṃ; billamattiyo hutvā pabhijjiṃsu; pubbañca lohitañca pagghariṃsu. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu tenevābādhena kālamakāsi. Kālaṅkato ca kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapajji sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā .

於是,拘迦利耶比丘從座位上起身,向世尊施右巡禮,然後離去。拘迦利耶比丘回去後不久,周身發出芥末粒般大的膿疱。然後,這些膿疱由芥末粒般變成菜豆般,由菜豆般變成鷹嘴豆般,由鷹嘴豆般變成棗核般,由棗核般變成棗子般,由棗子般變成庵磨羅果般,由庵磨羅果般變成未成熟的貝羅婆果般,由未成熟的貝羅婆羅果般就成比利果般。變成比利果般後,這些膿疱破裂,流出膿和血。笱迦昨耶經丘由於這個疾病而死去。拘迦利耶對舍利弗和目犍連懷有惡意,所以死後墮入蓮花地獄。

Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi . Ekamantaṃ, ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato; kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati; idaṃ vatvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.

夜晚逝去時,光輝燦爛的梵天薩漢波提照亮整座逝多林,來到世尊那裡。到了那裡,向世尊行禮,站在一旁。站在一旁之後,梵天薩漢波提對世尊說道:‘世尊啊!拘迦利耶比丘死了。世尊啊!拘迦利耶比丘對舍利弗和目犍連懷有惡意,所以死後墮入蓮花地獄。’梵天薩漢說了這話後,向世尊施右巡禮,然後消失。

Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā…pe… idamavoca, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā maṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.

夜晚逝去後,世尊對眾比丘說道:“眾比丘啊!昨天夜晚逝去的時,光輝燦爛的梵天薩漢波提照亮整座逝多林,來到世尊那裡。到了那裡,向世尊行禮,站在一旁。站在一旁之後,梵天薩漢波提對世尊說道:‘世尊啊!拘迦利耶比丘死了。世尊啊!拘迦利耶比丘對舍利弗和目犍連懷有惡意,所以死後墮入蓮花地獄。’梵天薩漢說了這話後,向世尊施右巡禮消失。

Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kīvadīghaṃ nu kho, bhante, padume niraye āyuppamāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Dīghaṃ kho, bhikkhu, padume niraye āyuppamāṇaṃ; taṃ na sukaraṃ saṅkhātuṃ ettakāni vassāni iti vā ettakāni vassasatāni iti vā ettakāni vassasahassāni iti vā ettakāni vassasatasahassāni iti vā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkā pana, bhante, upamā [upamaṃ (sī. syā. ka.)] kātu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkā, bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca –

有個比丘尊聽完後,對世尊說道:“世尊啊!一個人在蓮花地獄裡要活多長時間啊?”“比丘啊,一個人在蓮花地獄裡生活的時間是漫長的,不是用幾年、幾百年、幾千年或幾十萬年能數清的。”“世尊啊,你能舉個例子嗎?”“能的,比丘啊!”世尊說道:

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho; tato puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena ekamekaṃ tilaṃ uddhareyya. Khippataraṃ kho so bhikkhu vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, natveva eko abbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati abbudā nirayā evameko nirabbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati nirabbudā nirayā evameko ababo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ababā nirayā evameko ahaho nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ahahā nirayā evameko aṭaṭo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati aṭaṭā nirayā evameko kumudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati kumudā nirayā evameko sogandhiko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati sogandhikā nirayā evameko uppalako nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati uppalakā nirayā evameko puṇḍarīko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati puṇḍarīkā nirayā evameko padumo nirayo. Padumaṃ kho pana bhikkhu nirayaṃ kokāliko bhikkhu upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“例如,一輛憍薩羅國大車裝有二十斛芝麻,有個人每過一百年取走一粒芝麻,那麼,比丘啊,用這個辦法,這輛憍薩羅國大車裝有的二十斛芝麻也會取完的,而在水泡地獄裡的時間還沒這麼快,比丘啊!水泡裂地獄的時間是水泡地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!阿婆婆地獄的時間是水泡裂地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!阿訶訶地獄的時間是阿婆婆地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!阿吒吒地獄的時間是阿訶訶地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!白蓮地獄的時間是阿吒吒地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!水蓮地獄的時間是白蓮地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!優缽羅地獄的時間是水蓮地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!芬陀利地獄的時間是優缽羅地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!蓮花地獄的時間是芬陀利地獄的二十倍。比丘啊!拘迦利耶比丘對舍利弗和目犍連懷有惡意,他墮入了蓮花地獄。”世尊說了這些話。說完後,這位善逝,導師又說道:

662.

‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa, kuṭhārī [kudhārī (ka.)] jāyate mukhe;

“出生之人嘴中都長有一把利斧,

Yāya chindati attānaṃ, bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ.

愚者口出惡言,用這把斧劈砍自己。

663.

‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati, taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;

“一個人讚美該受譴責的人,或者譴責該受讚美的人,

Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ, kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.

他以口積惡,因而,得不到幸福。

664.

‘‘Appamatto ayaṃ kali, yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;

“在賭博中輸掉錢財,

Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā, ayameva mahattaro [mahantakaro (sī.)] kali;

甚至輸掉自己在內的一切,這還是小罪,

Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.

而對善逝們懷有惡意,則是大罪。

665.

‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ, chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni [abbudānaṃ (ka.)];

“心懷惡意,口出惡言,責罵聖人,便墮入地獄,

Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upeti, vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpakaṃ.

從十萬水泡裂地獄到四十一水泡地獄。(665此句中文翻譯順序與巴利原文顛倒)

666.

‘‘Abhūtavādī nirayaṃ upeti, yo vāpi katvā na karomicāha;

“說謊者或抵賴者都墮入地獄;

Ubhopi te pecca samā bhavanti, nihīnakammā manujā parattha.

這兩種人死後,在另一世界同樣是行為卑劣的人。

667.

‘‘Yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati, suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa;

“侵害無辜者、純潔者、無罪者,

Tameva bālaṃ pacceti pāpaṃ, sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃva khitto.

這惡行回報愚者,猶如逆風拋撒灰末。

668.

‘‘Yo lobhaguṇe anuyutto, so vacasā paribhāsati aññe;

“沉溺貪慾,謾罵他人,

Asaddho kadariyo avadaññū, macchari pesuṇiyaṃ [pesuṇiyasmiṃ (bahūsu)] anuyutto.

沒有信仰,吝嗇,小氣,自私,慣於誹謗。

669.

‘‘Mukhadugga vibhūta anariya, bhūnahu [bhunahata (syā. ka.)] pāpaka dukkaṭakāri;

“口出惡言!虛偽者!低賤者!殺生者!有罪者!作惡者!

Purisanta kalī avajāta, mā bahubhāṇidha nerayikosi.

卑劣者!低下者!卑賤者!你在這世上無須多說,你已註定墮入地獄。

670.

‘‘Rajamākirasī ahitāya, sante garahasi kibbisakārī;

“作惡者啊!你污辱不幸者,漫罵善人,

Bahūni duccaritāni caritvā, gacchasi kho papataṃ cirarattaṃ.

做了許多惡事,肯定長久地墮入地獄。

671.

‘‘Na hi nassati kassaci kammaṃ, eti hataṃ labhateva suvāmi;

“因為任何人的行為不會消失,它會回來與主人相會,

Dukkhaṃ mando paraloke, attani passati kibbisakārī.

作惡的蠢人將在另一世界看到自己受苦。

672.

‘‘Ayosaṅkusamāhataṭṭhānaṃ , tiṇhadhāramayasūlamupeti;

“他到那裡,受鐵棒捶打,受鐵針穿刺,

Atha tattaayoguḷasannibhaṃ, bhojanamatthi tathā patirūpaṃ.

並得到相應食物,這食物像燒紅的鐵球。

673.

‘‘Na hi vaggu vadanti vadantā, nābhijavanti na tāṇamupenti;

“他們說話難聽,不企求庇護,也得不到庇護;

Aṅgāre santhate sayanti [senti (sī. syā. pī.)], ginisampajjalitaṃ pavisanti.

他們進入像火葬堆熊熊燃燒的地方,躺在遍地燒紅的木炭上。

674.

‘‘Jālena ca onahiyāna, tattha hananti ayomayakuṭebhi [ayomayakūṭehi (sī. syā. pī.)];

“他們被罩在網中,受鐵錘敲打;

Andhaṃva timisamāyanti, taṃ vitatañhi yathā mahikāyo.

他們陷入濃密的黑暗,這黑暗無邊無沿,像大地的身軀。

675.

‘‘Atha lohamayaṃ pana kumbhiṃ, ginisampajjalitaṃ pavisanti;

“他們進入像火葬堆熊熊燃燒的地方,

Paccanti hi tāsu cirarattaṃ, agginisamāsu [ginissamāsu (ka.)] samuppilavāte.

在鐵鍋中長時間受煎熬,像在火葬堆上蹦跳。

676.

‘‘Atha pubbalohitamisse, tattha kiṃ paccati kibbisakārī;

“作惡者怎樣受煎熬?他在膿和血中受煎熬,

Yaṃ yaṃ disakaṃ [disataṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] adhiseti, tattha kilissati samphusamāno.

他四處亂爬,爬到哪兒沾污哪兒。

677.

‘‘Puḷavāvasathe salilasmiṃ, tattha kiṃ paccati kibbisakārī;

“作惡者怎樣受煎熬?他在長滿蛆蟲的污水中受煎熬。

Gantuṃ na hi tīramapatthi, sabbasamā hi samantakapallā.

他無法爬到岸邊,因為這鐵鍋完整無缺。

678.

‘‘Asipattavanaṃ pana tiṇhaṃ, taṃ pavisanti samucchidagattā;

“他們帶著血肉模糊的肢體進入鋒利的九葉林地獄,

Jivhaṃ balisena gahetvā, ārajayārajayā vihananti.

被鉤子勾住舌頭,遭受捶打。

679.

‘‘Atha vetaraṇiṃ pana duggaṃ, tiṇhadhārakhuradhāramupenti;

“他們進入難以越過的吠多羅尼地獄,那裡充滿鋒利的剃刀,

Tattha mandā papatanti, pāpakarā pāpāni karitvā.

作惡的蠢才做了惡事,墮入這個地獄。

680.

‘‘Khādanti hi tattha rudante, sāmā sabalā kākolagaṇā ca;

“當他們哭叫時,成群凶猛的黑烏鴉啄吃他們,

Soṇā siṅgālā [sigālā (sī. pī.)] paṭigiddhā [paṭigijjhā (syā. pī.)], kulalā vāyasā ca [kulalā ca vāyasā (?)] vitudanti.

狗、豺、禿鷲、兀鷹和烏鴉撕吃他們。

681.

‘‘Kicchā vatayaṃ idha vutti, yaṃ jano phusati [passati (sī. syā. pī.)] kibbisakārī;

“這裡的生活確實悲慘,作惡者已經看到。

Tasmā idha jīvitasese, kiccakaro siyā naro na cappamajje.

因此,在這世上,一個人應該在餘生恪守職責,不要放縱。

682.

‘‘Te gaṇitā vidūhi tilavāhā, ye padume niraye upanītā;

“智者能數出墮入蓮花地獄一車芝麻的數目;

Nahutāni hi koṭiyo pañca bhavanti, dvādasa koṭisatāni punaññā [panayye (ka.)].

五俱胝的那由陀,再加一百二十個俱胝。

683.

‘‘Yāva dukhā [dukkhā (sī. syā.), dukkha (pī. ka.)] nirayā idha vuttā, tatthapi tāva ciraṃ vasitabbaṃ;

“地獄的生活如此悲慘,裡面的時間又如此漫長,

Tasmā sucipesalasādhuguṇesu, vācaṃ manaṃ satataṃ [pakataṃ (syā.)] parirakkhe’’ti.

因此,純潔,仁慈,品德高尚的人應該始終慎思謹言。”

Kokālikasuttaṃ dasamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

11. Nālakasuttaṃ

11. 那羅迦經

684.

Ānandajāte tidasagaṇe patīte, sakkañca indaṃ sucivasane ca deve;

仙人阿私陀在晝間休息時,看到三十位天神身穿潔淨衣,

Dussaṃ gahetvā atiriva thomayante, asito isi addasa divāvihāre.

手持妙衣,喜氣洋洋,熱烈地向因陀羅慶賀。

685.

Disvāna deve muditamane udagge, cittiṃ karitvāna idamavoca [karitvā idamavocāsi (sī.)] tattha;

看到這些天神興高采烈,他尊敬地問道:

‘‘Kiṃ devasaṅgho atiriva kalyarūpo, dussaṃ gahetvā ramayatha [bhamayatha (sī.)] kiṃ paṭicca.

“眾天神為什麼如此高興,手持妙衣,揮舞不停?

686.

‘‘Yadāpi āsī asurehi saṅgamo, jayo surānaṃ asurā parājitā.

“過去與阿修羅遭遇,天神勝利,阿修羅失敗,

Tadāpi netādiso lomahaṃsano, kimabbhutaṃ daṭṭhu marū pamoditā.

那時也沒有這樣興奮激動。見到了什麼奇跡,眾天神哪些高興?

687.

‘‘Seḷenti gāyanti ca vādayanti ca, bhujāni phoṭenti [poṭhenti (sī. pī.), pothenti (ka.)] ca naccayanti ca;

“眾天神歡呼,歌唱,奏樂,手舞足蹈;

Pucchāmi vohaṃ merumuddhavāsine, dhunātha me saṃsayaṃ khippa mārisā’’.

我問你們這些住在須彌山頂的眾天神,請趕快解除我的疑慮,尊敬的眾天神啊!”

688.

‘‘So bodhisatto ratanavaro atulyo, manussaloke hitasukhatthāya [hitasukhatāya (sī. syā. pī.)] jāto;

“無與倫比的寶中之寶菩薩為了人間的利益和幸福,

Sakyāna gāme janapade lumbineyye, tenamha tuṭṭhā atiriva kalyarūpā.

降生在藍毗尼城釋迦村,所以,我們非常高興快樂。

689.

‘‘So sabbasattuttamo aggapuggalo, narāsabho sabbapajānamuttamo;

“他是眾生之最,人中之傑,人中之公牛,人中之魁首,

Vattessati cakkamisivhaye vane, nadaṃva sīho balavā migābhibhū’’.

他將在名為‘仙人’的林中轉動法輪,像威武的獸王獅子發出吼聲。”

690.

Taṃ saddaṃ sutvā turitamavasarī so, suddhodanassa tada bhavanaṃ upāvisi [upāgami (sī. pī.)];

聞聽此言,他迅即降臨人間,來到淨飯王宮中,

Nisajja tattha idamavocāsi sakye, ‘‘kuhiṃ kumāro ahamapi daṭṭhukāmo’’.

坐下後,對釋迦族說道:“王子在哪裡?我想看看他。”

691.

Tato kumāraṃ jalitamiva suvaṇṇaṃ, ukkāmukheva sukusalasampahaṭṭhaṃ [sukusalena sampahaṭṭhaṃ (ka.)];

於是,釋迦族讓這位名叫阿私陀的仙人觀看王子,

Daddallamānaṃ [daddaḷhamānaṃ (ka.)] siriyā anomavaṇṇaṃ, dassesu puttaṃ asitavhayassa sakyā.

這王子相貌出色,猶如高明的金匠鍛造的金子,閃閃發光。

692.

Disvā kumāraṃ sikhimiva pajjalantaṃ, tārāsabhaṃva nabhasigamaṃ visuddhaṃ;

見到王子像火焰一樣明亮,像空中行走的月亮一樣皎潔,

Sūriyaṃ tapantaṃ saradarivabbhamuttaṃ, ānandajāto vipulamalattha pītiṃ.

像秋天衝破烏雲的太陽一樣燦爛,他滿懷喜悅,十分高興。

693.

Anekasākhañca sahassamaṇḍalaṃ, chattaṃ marū dhārayumantalikkhe;

眾天神在空中張著一頂有無數支的千輪華蓋,

Suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā, na dissare cāmarachattagāhakā.

金柄拂上下擺動;但看不見那些手持華蓋和拂的眾天神。

694.

Disvā jaṭī kaṇhasirivhayo isi, suvaṇṇanikkhaṃ viya paṇḍukambale;

這位束有髮髻、名為根訶希利的仙人看到王子像金首飾放在淺紅色的毯子上,

Setañca chattaṃ dhariyanta [dhāriyanta (syā.), dhārayantaṃ (sī. ka.)] muddhani, udaggacitto sumano paṭiggahe.

頭上高懸白色的華蓋,他感到高興愉快。

695.

Paṭiggahetvā pana sakyapuṅgavaṃ, jigīsato [jigiṃsako (sī. syā. pī.)] lakkhaṇamantapāragū;

他精通相術和頌詩,急切地接過釋迦族之公牛,

Pasannacitto giramabbhudīrayi, ‘‘anuttarāyaṃ dvipadānamuttamo’’ [dipadānamuttamo (sī. syā. pī.)].

滿懷喜悅地說道:“這是人中之魁首,至高無上。”

696.

Athattano gamanamanussaranto, akalyarūpo gaḷayati assukāni;

然後,他想起自己即將去世,便神情沮喪,落下眼淚。

Disvāna sakyā isimavocuṃ rudantaṃ,

釋迦族看到仙人哭泣,便問道:

‘‘No ce kumāre bhavissati antarāyo’’.

“是否王子有不祥之兆?”

697.

Disvāna sakye isimavoca akalye, ‘‘nāhaṃ kumāre ahitamanussarāmi;

看到釋迦族黯然神傷,仙人說道:“我不認為王子會有不幸,

Na cāpimassa bhavissati antarāyo, na orakāyaṃ adhimānasā [adhimanasā (sī. syā.)] bhavātha.

他也沒有不祥之兆。他不是平庸之輩,你們儘管放心。

698.

‘‘Sambodhiyaggaṃ phusissatāyaṃ kumāro, so dhammacakkaṃ paramavisuddhadassī;

“這位王子將達到最高智慧,看到最高純潔,轉動法輪,

Vattessatāyaṃ bahujanahitānukampī, vitthārikassa bhavissati brahmacariyaṃ.

憐憫眾人;他的梵行將傳揚四方。

699.

‘‘Mamañca āyu na ciramidhāvaseso, athantarā me bhavissati kālakiriyā;

“而我在這世剩下的壽命不長了,在此期間就會死去,

Sohaṃ na sossaṃ [sussaṃ (sī. syā.)] asamadhurassa dhammaṃ, tenamhi aṭṭo byasanaṃgato aghāvī’’.

不能聽取這位舉世無雙者的正法了,因此,我傷心,難過,痛苦。”

700.

So sākiyānaṃ vipulaṃ janetvā pītiṃ, antepuramhā niggamā [niragamā (sī. syā.), nigamā (ka. sī.), niragama (pī.)] brahmacārī;

他使釋迦族感到極大快樂。然後,他離開王宮,過梵行生活。

So bhāgineyyaṃ sayaṃ anukampamāno, samādapesi asamadhurassa dhamme.

他憐憫自己的外甥。勉勵他追隨那位舉世地無雙者的正法:

701.

‘‘Buddhoti ghosaṃ yada [yadi (syā. ka.)] parato suṇāsi, sambodhipatto vivarati dhammamaggaṃ;

“當你聽到別人說起‘佛陀’,或者聽說‘他達到最高智慧、遵行正法之路。

Gantvāna tattha samayaṃ paripucchamāno [sayaṃ paripucchiyāno (sī. syā.)], carassu tasmiṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ’’.

’那麼,你就去那裡求教,與世尊一起過梵行生活。”

702.

Tenānusiṭṭho hitamanena tādinā, anāgate paramavisuddhadassinā;

他心懷善意,看到未來的最高純潔,

So nālako upacitapuññasañcayo, jinaṃ patikkhaṃ [pati + ikkhaṃ = patikkhaṃ] parivasi rakkhitindriyo.

在他的教誨下,那羅迦積了大量功德,控制感官,等待著勝利者。

703.

Sutvāna ghosaṃ jinavaracakkavattane, gantvāna disvā isinisabhaṃ pasanno;

聽說“傑出的勝利者轉動法輪”,他愉快地前去拜見仙人中之公牛,

Moneyyaseṭṭhaṃ munipavaraṃ apucchi, samāgate asitāvhayassa sāsaneti.

向這位優秀的牟尼求教最高智慧,阿私陀的教誨得到實現。

Vatthugāthā niṭṭhitā.

序詩結束

704.

‘‘Aññātametaṃ vacanaṃ, asitassa yathātathaṃ;

“阿私陀的話已經如實證明,

Taṃ taṃ gotama pucchāmi, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ.

喬達摩啊!你通曉一切事物,我們要問你問題。

705.

‘‘Anagāriyupetassa, bhikkhācariyaṃ jigīsato;

“我已出家,渴望過比丘生活,

Muni pabrūhi me puṭṭho, moneyyaṃ uttamaṃ padaṃ’’.

牟尼啊!我問你,請告訴我最高智慧的狀況。”

706.

‘‘Moneyyaṃ te upaññissaṃ, (iti bhagavā) dukkaraṃ durabhisambhavaṃ;

世尊說道:“我將為你講述這難以達到、難以獲得的智慧。

Handa te naṃ pavakkhāmi, santhambhassu daḷho bhava.

現在,我將告訴你,你要集中精力,專心致志。

707.

‘‘Samānabhāgaṃ kubbetha, gāme akkuṭṭhavanditaṃ;

“在村莊裡,無論受辱罵,還是受讚揚,都應該一視同仁;

Manopadosaṃ rakkheyya, santo anuṇṇato care.

要克制心中的忿怒,不驕傲,平靜的生活。

708.

‘‘Uccāvacā niccharanti, dāye aggisikhūpamā;

“各種事情出現,好像木柴上的火焰,

Nāriyo muniṃ palobhenti, tāsu taṃ mā palobhayuṃ.

讓誘惑牟尼的那些婦女不要誘惑他。

709.

‘‘Virato methunā dhammā, hitvā kāme paropare [parovare (sī. pī.), varāvare (syā.)];

“厭棄交媾,摒棄各種愛慾,

Aviruddho asāratto, pāṇesu tasathāvare.

對一切生物,無論是弱者還是強者,即不干擾,也不溺愛。

710.

‘‘Yathā ahaṃ tathā ete, yathā ete tathā ahaṃ;

“我跟他們一樣,他們跟我一樣;

Attānaṃ upamaṃ katvā, na haneyya na ghātaye.

對自己和別人一視同仁,即不傷害,也不引起傷害。

711.

‘‘Hitvā icchañca lobhañca, yattha satto puthujjano;

“明眼者應該摒棄普通人執著的願望和貪慾,

Cakkhumā paṭipajjeyya, tareyya narakaṃ imaṃ.

邁過越過這個地獄。

712.

‘‘Ūnūdaro mitāhāro, appicchassa alolupo;

“他應該空腹,節食,無慾望,不貪婪;

Sadā [sa ve (pī.)] icchāya nicchāto, aniccho hoti nibbuto.

他不渴求慾望,成為無慾望者,寧靜幸福。

713.

‘‘Sa piṇḍacāraṃ caritvā, vanantamabhihāraye;

“牟尼應該遊行乞食後,回到林邊;

Upaṭṭhito rukkhamūlasmiṃ, āsanūpagato muni.

走到樹根旁坐下。

714.

‘‘Sa jhānapasuto dhīro, vanante ramito siyā;

“他應該專心修禪,在林邊得到快樂;

Jhāyetha rukkhamūlasmiṃ, attānamabhitosayaṃ.

他應該在樹根旁入禪,自得其樂。

715.

‘‘Tato ratyā vivasāne [vivasane (sī. syā. pī.)], gāmantamabhihāraye;

“他應該在夜晚逝去後,前往村邊;

Avhānaṃ nābhinandeyya, abhihārañca gāmato.

他不應該喜歡受到召請,也不應該喜歡從村裡送來食物。

716.

‘‘Na munī gāmamāgamma, kulesu sahasā care;

“牟尼來到村莊後,從容地挨家遊行乞食;

Ghāsesanaṃ chinnakatho, na vācaṃ payutaṃ bhaṇe.

乞食時,沉默不語,不說不得體的話。

717.

‘‘Alatthaṃ yadidaṃ sādhu, nālatthaṃ kusalaṃ iti;

“‘我得到,說聲好;我不得到,也說聲好’。

Ubhayeneva so tādī, rukkhaṃvupanivattati [rukkhaṃvu’pativattati (ka.), rukkhaṃva upātivattati (syā.)].

他對兩者一視同仁,回到樹根旁。

718.

‘‘Sa pattapāṇi vicaranto, amūgo mūgasammato;

“他手持缽盂遊行;他不是啞巴,但像啞巴;

Appaṃ dānaṃ na hīḷeyya, dātāraṃ nāvajāniyā.

他不應該嫌棄微薄的施捨,不應該輕視施捨者。

719.

‘‘Uccāvacā hi paṭipadā, samaṇena pakāsitā;

”各種各樣途徑已由沙門闡明:

Na pāraṃ diguṇaṃ yanti, nayidaṃ ekaguṇaṃ mutaṃ.

它們不通向彼岸兩次,也不被認為一次。

720.

‘‘Yassa ca visatā natthi, chinnasotassa bhikkhuno;

“比丘截斷水流,

Kiccākiccappahīnassa, pariḷāho na vijjati.

摒棄各種責任,無所執著,無所痛苦。”

721.

‘‘Moneyyaṃ te upaññissaṃ, khuradhārūpamo bhave;

世尊說道:“我將告訴你智慧:讓他像刀刃一樣;

Jivhāya tālumāhacca, udare saññato siyā.

他應該用舌頭頂著上顎,控制口腹。

722.

‘‘Alīnacitto ca siyā, na cāpi bahu cintaye;

“他應該心地坦然,不左思右想,

Nirāmagandho asito, brahmacariyaparāyaṇo.

無污垢,不執著,恪守梵行。

723.

‘‘Ekāsanassa sikkhetha, samaṇūpāsanassa ca;

“應該學會沙門奉行的獨居生活,

Ekattaṃ monamakkhātaṃ, eko ce abhiramissasi;

獨居就是智慧,

Atha bhāhisi [bhāsihi (sī. syā. pī.)] dasadisā.

獨自生活會得到快樂。

724.

‘‘Sutvā dhīrānaṃ nigghosaṃ, jhāyīnaṃ kāmacāginaṃ;

“聽了智者,修禪者,摒棄愛慾者的話後,

Tato hiriñca saddhañca, bhiyyo kubbetha māmako.

你將照亮四方;而作為我的信徒應該更加虔誠和謙恭。

725.

‘‘Taṃ nadīhi vijānātha, sobbhesu padaresu ca;

“你們憑坑裡和溝裡的水,可以知道這一點:

Saṇantā yanti kusobbhā [kussubbhā (sī.)], tuṇhīyanti mahodadhī.

溪水流動嘩嘩作響,海水流動靜默無聲。

726.

‘‘Yadūnakaṃ taṃ saṇati, yaṃ pūraṃ santameva taṃ;

“空虛發聲,滿盈靜默,

Aḍḍhakumbhūpamo bālo, rahado pūrova paṇḍito.

愚者猶如半瓶水,智者猶如滿池水。

727.

‘‘Yaṃ samaṇo bahuṃ bhāsati, upetaṃ atthasañhitaṃ;

“沙門講述很多富有意義的話;

Jānaṃ so dhammaṃ deseti, jānaṃ so bahu bhāsati.

他知道正法,教誨正法;他知道很多,講述很多。

728.

‘‘Yo ca jānaṃ saṃyatatto, jānaṃ na bahu bhāsati;

“他知道,但控制自己;他知道,但不說很多;

Sa munī monamarahati, sa munī monamajjhagā’’ti.

這樣的牟尼配有智慧,這樣的牟尼獲得智慧。

Nālakasuttaṃ ekādasamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

12. Dvayatānupassanāsuttaṃ

12. 二重觀經

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti . Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

如是我聞。從前,世尊曾經住在舍衛城東園鹿母精舍。那時,在圓月十五齋戒日的夜晚,世尊露天而坐,比丘僧團圍坐一旁。世尊環視沉默無言的比丘僧團,對他們說道:

‘‘‘Ye te, bhikkhave, kusalā dhammā ariyā niyyānikā sambodhagāmino, tesaṃ vo, bhikkhave, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ariyānaṃ niyyānikānaṃ sambodhagāmīnaṃ kā upanisā savanāyā’ti iti ce, bhikkhave, pucchitāro assu, te evamassu vacanīyā – ‘yāvadeva dvayatānaṃ dhammānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇāyā’ti. Kiñca dvayataṃ vadetha?

”眾比丘啊!這些正法有益,高尚,導致解脫,達到最高智慧,如果人們問:‘為什麼學習這些有益、高尚、導致解脫、達到最高智慧的正法?’眾比丘啊!應該回答到:‘為了正確理解二重觀法。’‘你說說哪二重?’‘

(1) ‘‘Idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti ayamekānupassanā. Ayaṃ dukkhanirodho, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā dvayatānupassino kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’’ti.

這是痛苦,這是痛苦的產生,這是第一重觀;這是痛苦的滅寂,這是滅寂痛苦的道路,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘希望鋒得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧,;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還(指不回到欲界),”

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

世尊說了這些話,接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

729.

‘‘Ye dukkhaṃ nappajānanti, atho dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;

“那些人不知道痛苦,不知道痛苦的產生,

Yattha ca sabbaso dukkhaṃ, asesaṃ uparujjhati;

不知道怎麼完全徹底滅寂痛苦,

Tañca maggaṃ na jānanti, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

也不知道平息痛苦的道路。

730.

‘‘Cetovimuttihīnā te, atho paññāvimuttiyā;

“他們沒有達到思想的解脫和智慧的解脫,

Abhabbā te antakiriyāya, te ve jātijarūpagā.

不可能達到終極,只能陷身在生和老之中。

731.

‘‘Ye ca dukkhaṃ pajānanti, atho dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;

“那些人知道痛苦,知道痛苦的產生,

Yattha ca sabbaso dukkhaṃ, asesaṃ uparujjhati;

知道怎麼完全徹底滅寂痛苦,

Tañca maggaṃ pajānanti, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

也知道平息痛苦的道路。

732.

‘‘Cetovimuttisampannā, atho paññāvimuttiyā;

“他們達到思想的解脫和智慧的解脫,

Bhabbā te antakiriyāya, na te jātijarūpagā’’ti.

有可能達到終極,不再陷身在生和老之中。”

(2) ‘‘‘Siyā aññenapi pariyāyena sammā dvayatānupassanā’ti, iti ce, bhikkhave, pucchitāro assu; ‘siyā’tissu vacanīyā. Kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ upadhipaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Upadhīnaṃ tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是生存因素,這是第一重觀;滅寂生存因素,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

733.

‘‘Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā;

“在這世上,痛苦形形色色,痛苦產生的根源是生存因素。

Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karoti, punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando;

由於無知,愚者執著生存因素,一再蒙受痛苦。

Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā, dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī’’ti.

因此,智者看清痛苦產生的根源,不執著生存因素。”

(3) ‘‘‘Siyā aññenapi pariyāyena sammā dvayatānupassanā’ti, iti ce, bhikkhave, pucchitāro assu; ‘siyā’tissu vacanīyā. Kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ avijjāpaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是無知,這是第一重觀;滅寂無知,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

734.

‘‘Jātimaraṇasaṃsāraṃ , ye vajanti punappunaṃ;

“那些人一再進入生死輪迴,

Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, avijjāyeva sā gati.

從這種存在到那種存在,這便是無知的狀況。

735.

‘‘Avijjā hāyaṃ mahāmoho, yenidaṃ saṃsitaṃ ciraṃ;

“因為無知是最大的愚痴,所以,長久輪迴轉。

Vijjāgatā ca ye sattā, na te gacchanti [nāgacchanti (sī. pī.)] punabbhava’’nti.

而那些有知識的人不再走向再生。”

(4) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ saṅkhārapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Saṅkhārānaṃ tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是諸行,這是第一重觀;滅寂諸行,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

736.

‘‘Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti, sabbaṃ saṅkhārapaccayā;

“任何痛苦產生的根源是諸行,

Saṅkhārānaṃ nirodhena, natthi dukkhassa sambhavo.

滅寂諸行,痛苦就不再產生。

737.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, dukkhaṃ saṅkhārapaccayā;

“知道諸行產生痛苦這種危險,

Sabbasaṅkhārasamathā, saññānaṃ uparodhanā;

平息諸行,滅除諸想,

Evaṃ dukkhakkhayo hoti, etaṃ ñatvā yathātathaṃ.

真正理解這一點,痛苦也就消除。

738.

‘‘Sammaddasā vedaguno, sammadaññāya paṇḍitā;

“學問淵博,有正確的觀點和知識,這樣的智者

Abhibhuyya mārasaṃyogaṃ, na gacchanti [nāgacchanti (sī. pī.)] punabbhava’’nti.

超越摩羅的束縛,不再走向再生。”

(5) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ viññāṇapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Viññāṇassa tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是諸識,這是第一重觀;滅寂諸識,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

739.

‘‘Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti, sabbaṃ viññāṇapaccayā;

“任何痛苦產生的根源是諸識,

Viññāṇassa nirodhena, natthi dukkhassa sambhavo.

滅寂諸識,痛苦就不再產生。

740.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, dukkhaṃ viññāṇapaccayā;

“知道諸識產生痛苦這種危險,

Viññāṇūpasamā bhikkhu, nicchāto parinibbuto’’ti.

平息諸識,比丘便沒有慾望,達到徹底平靜。”

(6) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ phassapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Phassassa tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是諸觸,這是第一重觀;滅寂諸觸,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

741.

‘‘Tesaṃ phassaparetānaṃ, bhavasotānusārinaṃ;

“受諸觸控制,追逐生存水流,

Kummaggapaṭipannānaṃ, ārā saṃyojanakkhayo.

進入歧路,這樣的人無法消除束縛。

742.

‘‘Ye ca phassaṃ pariññāya, aññāyupasame [paññāya upasame (syā.)] ratā;

“理解諸觸,樂於平息諸觸,

Te ve phassābhisamayā, nicchātā parinibbutā’’ti.

這樣的人洞悉諸觸,沒有慾望,達到徹底平靜。”

(7) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ vedanāpaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Vedanānaṃ tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是諸受,這是第一重觀;滅寂諸受,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

743.

‘‘Sukhaṃ vā yadi vā dukkhaṃ, adukkhamasukhaṃ saha;

“任何快樂或痛苦,以及不痛苦或不快樂,

Ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca, yaṃ kiñci atthi veditaṃ.

都從內部和外部被感受。

744.

‘‘Etaṃ dukkhanti ñatvāna, mosadhammaṃ palokinaṃ [palokitaṃ (sī.)];

“知道這是痛苦,一再接觸虛妄之物和毀滅之物,

Phussa phussa vayaṃ passaṃ, evaṃ tattha vijānati [virajjati (ka. sī.)];

目睹一切消失,便厭惡諸受。

Vedanānaṃ khayā bhikkhu, nicchāto parinibbuto’’ti.

比丘滅寂諸受,毫無慾望,達到徹底平靜。”

(8) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ taṇhāpaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Taṇhāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是貪愛,這是第一重觀;滅寂貪愛,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

745.

‘‘Taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaraṃ;

“與貪受作伴的人一再轉生,

Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nātivattati.

從這種存在到那種存在,不能超越輪迴。

746.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, taṇhaṃ [taṇhā (bahūsu) itivuttake 15 passitabbaṃ] dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;

“知道貪愛產生痛苦這種危險,

Vītataṇho anādāno, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.

比丘摒棄貪愛,不執著,有思想,四處遊蕩。”

(9) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ upādānapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Upādānānaṃ [upādānassa (syā. ka.)] tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是攝取,這是第一重觀;滅寂攝取,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

747.

‘‘Upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhūto dukkhaṃ nigacchati;

“生存的根源是攝取;生存者走向痛苦;

Jātassa maraṇaṃ hoti, eso dukkhassa sambhavo.

有生就有死,這是痛苦的原因。

748.

‘‘Tasmā upādānakkhayā, sammadaññāya paṇḍitā;

“因此,智者具有正確的知識,滅寂攝取;

Jātikkhayaṃ abhiññāya, na gacchanti punabbhava’’nti.

他知道滅寂生存,不走向再生。”

(10) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ ārambhapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Ārambhānaṃ tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是發起,這是第一重觀;滅寂發起,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

749.

‘‘Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti, sabbaṃ ārambhapaccayā;

“任何痛苦產生的根源是發起,

Ārambhānaṃ nirodhena, natthi dukkhassa sambhavo.

滅寂發起,痛苦就不再產生。

750.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, dukkhaṃ ārambhapaccayā;

“知道發起產生痛苦這種危險,

Sabbārambhaṃ paṭinissajja, anārambhe vimuttino.

摒棄一切發起,由於沒有發起而獲得解脫。

751.

‘‘Ucchinnabhavataṇhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno;

“斬斷生存的渴求,心境平靜,

Vikkhīṇo [vitiṇṇo (sī.)] jātisaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavo’’ti.

越過生的輪迴,這樣的比丘不走向再生”

(11) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ āhārapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Āhārānaṃ tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是諸食,這是第一重觀;滅寂諸食,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

752.

‘‘Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti, sabbaṃ āhārapaccayā;

“任何痛苦產生的根源是諸食,

Āhārānaṃ nirodhena, natthi dukkhassa sambhavo.

滅寂諸食,痛苦就不再產生。

753.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, dukkhaṃ āhārapaccayā;

“知道諸食產生痛苦這種危險,

Sabbāhāraṃ pariññāya, sabbāhāramanissito.

理解諸食,不依賴諸食。

754.

‘‘Ārogyaṃ sammadaññāya, āsavānaṃ parikkhayā;

“正確地知道健康在於滅寂煩惱,

Saṅkhāya sevī dhammaṭṭho, saṅkhyaṃ [saṅkhaṃ (sī. pī.)] nopeti vedagū’’ti.

比丘聰明睿智,深思熟慮,恪守正法,不歸屬任何範疇。”

(12) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ iñjitapaccayāti, ayamekānupassanā. Iñjitānaṃ tveva asesavirāganirodhā natthi dukkhassa sambhavoti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘任何痛苦產生的根源是躁動,這是第一重觀;滅寂躁動,毫無貪慾,痛苦就不再產生,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

755.

‘‘Yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti, sabbaṃ iñjitapaccayā;

“任何痛苦產生的根源是躁動,

Iñjitānaṃ nirodhena, natthi dukkhassa sambhavo.

滅寂躁動,痛苦就不再產生。

756.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, dukkhaṃ iñjitapaccayā;

“知道躁動產生痛苦這種危險,

Tasmā hi ejaṃ vossajja, saṅkhāre uparundhiya;

比丘摒棄躁動,遏制諸行,

Anejo anupādāno, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.

不貪求,不攝取,有思想,四處遊蕩。”

(13) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Nissitassa calitaṃ hotīti, ayamekānupassanā. Anissito na calatīti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘有所依賴的人躁動,這是第一重觀;無所依賴的人不躁動,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

757.

‘‘Anissito na calati, nissito ca upādiyaṃ;

“無所依賴的人不躁動,有所依賴的人攝取

Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nātivattati.

這種存在或那種存在,不能超越輪迴。

758.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, nissayesu mahabbhayaṃ;

“知道這種危險,知道依賴之物中的大恐懼,

Anissito anupādāno, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.

比丘不依賴,不攝取,有思想,四處遊蕩。”

(14) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Rūpehi, bhikkhave, arūpā [āruppā (sī. pī.)] santatarāti, ayamekānupassanā. Arūpehi nirodho santataroti, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘有的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘無色比有色更平靜,這是第一重觀;滅寂比無色更平靜,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

759.

‘‘Ye ca rūpūpagā sattā, ye ca arūpaṭṭhāyino [āruppavāsino (sī. pī.)];

“一些眾生有色,一些眾生無色,

Nirodhaṃ appajānantā, āgantāro punabbhavaṃ.

他們不懂得滅寂,必定走向再生。”

760.

‘‘Ye ca rūpe pariññāya, arūpesu asaṇṭhitā [susaṇṭhitā (sī. syā. pī.)];

“知道色,堅定地站在無色中,

Nirodhe ye vimuccanti, te janā maccuhāyino’’ti.

在滅寂中獲得解脫,這樣的人拋棄死亡。”

(15) ‘‘Siyā aññenapi…pe… kathañca siyā? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya idaṃ saccanti upanijjhāyitaṃ tadamariyānaṃ etaṃ musāti yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ, ayamekānupassanā. Yaṃ , bhikkhave, sadevakassa…pe… sadevamanussāya idaṃ musāti upanijjhāyitaṃ, tadamariyānaṃ etaṃ saccanti yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā…pe… athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘在神界、人界、魔界以及沙門、婆羅門、神和人中認為這是真實,聖者依靠完美的智慧正確地認為這是虛妄,這是第一重觀;在神界、人界、魔界以及沙門、婆羅門、神和人中認為這是虛妄,聖者依靠完美的智慧正確地認為這是真實,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

761.

‘‘Anattani attamāniṃ [attamānī (syā.), attamānaṃ (pī. ka.)], passa lokaṃ sadevakaṃ;

“請看人界和神界把無我看作有我,

Niviṭṭhaṃ nāmarūpasmiṃ, idaṃ saccanti maññati.

生活在名色中,認為這是真實。

762.

‘‘Yena yena hi maññanti, tato taṃ hoti aññathā;

“因為他們認為這樣那樣,實際並非如此;

Tañhi tassa musā hoti, mosadhammañhi ittaraṃ.

因為這對於他是虛妄的,虛妄的事物變化無常。

763.

‘‘Amosadhammaṃ nibbānaṃ, tadariyā saccato vidū;

“聖人真正懂得涅磐不虛妄,他們洞悉真實,

Te ve saccābhisamayā, nicchātā parinibbutā’’ti.

沒有慾望,達到徹底平靜。”

(16) ‘‘‘Siyā aññenapi pariyāyena sammā dvayatānupassanā’ti, iti ce, bhikkhave, pucchitāro assu; ‘siyā’tissu vacanīyā. Kathañca siyā? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya idaṃ sukhanti upanijjhāyitaṃ, tadamariyānaṃ etaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ, ayamekānupassanā . Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa…pe… sadevamanussāya idaṃ dukkhanti upanijjhāyitaṃ tadamariyānaṃ etaṃ sukhanti yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ, ayaṃ dutiyānupassanā. Evaṃ sammā dvayatānupassino kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitāti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

“眾比丘啊!如果人們問:‘是否有另一種正確的二重觀?’應該說:‘是的。’‘什麼樣的?’‘在神界、人界、魔界以及沙門、婆羅門、神和人中認為這是快樂,聖者依靠完美的智慧正確地認為這是痛苦,這是第一重觀;在神界、人界、魔界以及沙門、婆羅門、神和人中認為這是痛苦,聖者依靠完美的智慧正確地認為這是快樂,這是第二重觀。’眾比丘啊!具有正確的二重觀,勤奮努力,專心致志,這樣的比丘有希望獲得兩種果報之一:在這世獲得智慧;或則還剩有執著,則獲得不還。”世尊說了這些話。接著,這位善逝、導師又說道:

764.

‘‘Rūpā saddā rasā gandhā, phassā dhammā ca kevalā;

“據說,只要色、聲、味、香和觸這一切東西存在,

Iṭṭhā kantā manāpā ca, yāvatatthīti vuccati.

它們便是可愛的,迷人的,令人渴望。

765.

‘‘Sadevakassa lokassa, ete vo sukhasammatā;

“神界和人界都認為這些東西是快樂,

Yattha cete nirujjhanti, taṃ nesaṃ dukkhasammataṃ.

而當這些東西消失時,便認為是痛苦。

766.

‘‘Sukhanti diṭṭhamariyehi, sakkāyassuparodhanaṃ;

“聖人把滅寂身體的存在看作快樂,

Paccanīkamidaṃ hoti, sabbalokena passataṃ.

這與世俗的看法相反。

767.

‘‘Yaṃ pare sukhato āhu, tadariyā āhu dukkhato;

“別人認為快樂,聖人認為痛苦;

Yaṃ pare dukkhato āhu, tadariyā sukhato vidū.

別人認為痛苦,聖人認為快樂。

768.

‘‘Passa dhammaṃ durājānaṃ, sampamūḷhetthaviddasu [sampamūḷhettha aviddasu (sī. pī.), sammūḷhettha aviddasu (?)];

請看,這事難以理解,愚者感到困惑。

Nivutānaṃ tamo hoti, andhakāro apassataṃ.

“有遮蔽便陰暗,看不見便黑暗;

769.

‘‘Satañca vivaṭaṃ hoti, āloko passatāmiva;

聖人無遮蔽,看得見便光明。

Santike na vijānanti, maggā dhammassa kovidā.

那些無知的愚者不知道正法近在身邊。

770.

‘‘Bhavarāgaparetehi , bhavasotānusāribhi;

“為生存慾望所控制,追逐生存的水流,

Māradheyyānupannehi, nāyaṃ dhammo susambudho.

進入摩羅的領域,這樣的人不能徹底理解正法。

771.

‘‘Ko nu aññatramariyehi, padaṃ sambuddhumarahati;

“除了聖人,誰能徹底理解這種境界?

Yaṃ padaṃ sammadaññāya, parinibbanti anāsavā’’ti.

徹底理解這種境界,擺脫煩惱,便達到涅槃。”

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Imasmiṃ ca [imasmiṃ kho (sī.)] pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne saṭṭhimattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsūti.

世尊說了這些。眾比丘滿懷喜悅,對世尊說的話感到滿意,通過這樣的解說,六十比丘的思想無所執著,擺脫了煩惱。

Dvayatānupassanāsuttaṃ dvādasamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Tassuddānaṃ

Saccaṃ upadhi avijjā ca, saṅkhāre viññāṇapañcamaṃ;

Phassavedaniyā taṇhā, upādānārambhaāhārā;

Iñjitaṃ calitaṃ rūpaṃ, saccaṃ dukkhena soḷasāti.

Mahāvaggo tatiyo niṭṭhito.

Tassuddānaṃ

Pabbajjā ca padhānañca, subhāsitañca sundari;

Māghasuttaṃ sabhiyo ca, selo sallañca vuccati.

Vāseṭṭho cāpi kokāli, nālako dvayatānupassanā;

Dvādasetāni suttāni, mahāvaggoti vuccatīti.

1. 明眼者是指佛陀
2. 王舍城是摩揭陀國的京城
3. 基利跋闍是王舍城的別名
4. 頻毗沙羅是摩揭陀國國王
5. 一尋的意思是只有一把犁那麼長的距離
6. 般度婆山是王舍城附近的小山
7. 指佛陀
8. 那摩支即摩羅
9. 黑傢伙即摩羅
10. 這句意思可能是指佛陀拿蒙闍草作坐墊,以禪思擊潰摩羅大軍
11. 指摩羅
12. 遜陀利迦河是憍薩羅國的河流
13. 此頌前半句(459)是婆羅門的問話,後半句(460)是佛陀的回答。薩維蒂(Savitti)是吠陀讚美詩的一種韻律。
14. 此頌前半句(461前半)是婆羅門的問話,後半句(461後半及462)是佛陀的回答。

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