8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ
| 8. 教化仙伽邏經 (DN 31)
|
242. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako [sigālako (sī.)] gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā [puthuddisā (sī. syā. pī.)] namassati – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ.
| 242. 這是我所聽見的：
有一次，世尊住在王舍城的竹園松鼠飼餵處。
這時候，仙伽邏．居士子在天未亮的時候便起床，走到王舍城外，浸濕衣服及頭髮，然後向東方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方各個方向合掌禮拜。
|
243. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pañjalikaṃ puthudisā namassantaṃ – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ. Disvā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti? ‘‘Pitā maṃ, bhante, kālaṃ karonto evaṃ avaca – ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, pituvacanaṃ sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti.
| 243. 這時候，世尊在上午穿好衣服，拿著大衣和缽入王舍城化食，看見仙伽邏向各個方向合掌禮拜，便對他說： “居士子，你為什麼向各個方向合掌禮拜呢？”
“大德，我的父親在臨終時吩咐我： ‘兒子，你要禮拜各方。’ 大德，我恭敬、尊重父親的說話，所以在天未亮的時候便起床，走到王舍城外，浸濕衣服及頭髮，然後向東方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方各個方向合掌禮拜。”
|
Cha disā
| |
244. ‘‘Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṃ cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti.
| 244. “居士子，在聖者的律之中，不是這樣禮拜六方的。”
“大德，在聖者的律之中，應怎樣禮拜六方呢？大德，如果世尊為我說法，解說在聖者的律之中怎樣禮拜六方就好了。”
|
‘‘Tena hi, gahapatiputta suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
| “居士子，既然這樣，你留心聽，好好用心思量，我現在說了。”
仙伽邏回答世尊： “大德，是的。”
世尊說：
|
‘‘Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṃ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī [paṭicchādī hoti (syā.)] ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.
| “居士子，一位聖弟子斷除了四種污染業，不做四種惡業，不習近六種會令財物損失的行為──一位遠離這十四種惡行的人就是一位能夠照顧得到六方的人了。這人進入了著手修行的道路，這一世與下一世兩世都得到勝利，在身壞命終之後投生在善趣、天界之中。
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Cattārokammakilesā
| |
245. ‘‘Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna [idaṃ vatvā (sī. pī.) evamīdisesu ṭhānesu] sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
| 245. “居士子，什麼是他斷除的四種污染業呢？殺生是污染業，偷盜是污染業，邪淫是污染業，妄語是污染業。這就是他斷除的污染業了。”
世尊．善逝．導師說了以上的話後，進一步再說：
|
‘‘Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;
| “殺生與偷盜，
侵犯人妻婦，
妄語等行為，
|
Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti.
| 智者不稱許。
|
Catuṭṭhānaṃ
| |
246. ‘‘Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karotī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
| 246. “居士子，什麼是他不做的四種惡業呢？趣向貪欲的行為是做惡業，趣向瞋恚的行為是做惡業，趣向愚癡的行為是做惡業，趣向恐懼的行為是做惡業。一位聖弟子不趣向貪欲的行為，不趣向瞋恚的行為，不趣向愚癡的行為，不趣向恐懼的行為，這就是他不做的四種惡業了。”
世尊．善逝．導師說了以上的話後，進一步再說：
|
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;
| “貪瞋癡恐懼，
若受制於此，
|
Nihīyati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], kāḷapakkheva candimā.
| 名聲日漸損，
如滿月漸缺。
|
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;
| 貪瞋癡恐懼，
不受制於此，
|
Āpūrati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], sukkapakkheva [juṇhapakkheva (ka.)] candimā’’ti.
| 名聲日漸增，
如新月漸圓。
|
Cha apāyamukhāni
| |
247. ‘‘Katamāni cha bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, samajjābhicaraṇaṃ bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, ālasyānuyogo [ālasānuyogo (sī. syā. pī.)] bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ.
| 247. “居士子，什麼是他不習近的六種會令財物損失的行為呢？沈迷飲酒、迷醉、麻痺是令財物損失的行為，通宵達旦在街上遊蕩是令財物損失的行為，常到娛樂場所是令財物損失的行為，沈迷賭博是令財物損失的行為，結交損友是令財物損失的行為，懶惰是令財物損失的行為。
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Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā
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248. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni [dhanañjāni (sī. pī.)], kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṃsanī , paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṃ padaṃ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
| 248. “居士子，沈迷飲酒、迷醉、麻痺有這六種過患：耗費金錢，引生爭執，損害健康，帶來劣評，失儀亂性，智慧軟弱。居士子，這就是沈迷飲酒、迷醉、麻痺的六種過患了。
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Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā
| |
249. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyaṃpissa aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu [tesu tesu ṭhānesu (syā.)], abhūtavacanañca tasmiṃ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṃ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.
| 249. “居士子，通宵達旦在街上遊蕩有這六種過患：自己沒保護，妻兒沒保護，財物沒保護，常遭人嫌疑，常遭人話詬，常遇各種苦惱。居士子，這就是通宵達旦在街上遊蕩的六種過患了。
|
Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā
| |
250. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva [kuvaṃ (ka. sī. pī.)] naccaṃ, kva gītaṃ, kva vāditaṃ, kva akkhānaṃ, kva pāṇissaraṃ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.
| 250. “居士子，常到娛樂場所有這六種過患：常求跳舞，常求唱歌，常求奏樂，常求擊鼓，常求視聽，常求娛樂。居士子，這就是常到娛樂場所的六種過患了。
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Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā
| |
251. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa [sabhāye tassa (ka.)] vacanaṃ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṃ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṃ apatthito hoti – ‘akkhadhutto ayaṃ purisapuggalo nālaṃ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
| 251. “居士子，沈迷賭博有這六種過患：贏時別人生怨恨，輸時自己憂傷，損失金錢，沒人信賴，親友蔑視，難覓婚配。居士子，這就是沈迷賭博的六種過患了。
|
Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā
| |
252. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.
| 252. “居士子，結交損友有這六種過患：常跟放蕩的人一起，常跟酒徒一起，常跟好飲食的人一起，常跟不忠實的人一起，常跟騙徒一起，常跟暴戾的人一起。居士子，這就是結交損友的六種過患了。
|
Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā
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253. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṃ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṃ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṃ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṃ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti. Tassa evaṃ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
| 253. “居士子，懶惰有這六種過患：說太冷不工作，說太熱不工作，說太晚不工作，說太早不工作，說太餓不工作，說太飽不工作。由於太多不工作的藉口，所以賺取不到財物，已有的財物也會逐漸耗盡。居士子，這就是懶惰的六種過患了。”
世尊．善逝．導師說了以上的話後，進一步再說：
|
‘‘Hoti pānasakhā nāma,
| “酒徒雖稱伴，
|
Hoti sammiyasammiyo;
| 實不成朋友；
|
Yo ca atthesu jātesu,
| 帶來助益者，
|
Sahāyo hoti so sakhā.
| 才是真朋友。
|
‘‘Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā,
| 貪睡與邪淫，
|
Verappasavo [verappasaṅgo (sī. syā. pī.)] ca anatthatā ca;
| 仇怨與侵害，
|
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
| 惡友與吝嗇，
|
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
| 六處污損人。
|
‘‘Pāpamitto pāpasakho,
| 惡友為相伴，
|
Pāpaācāragocaro;
| 依惡法而行，
|
Asmā lokā paramhā ca,
| 此世與他世，
|
Ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.
| 均帶來污損。
|
‘‘Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṃ,
| 飲酒觀歌舞，
|
Divā soppaṃ pāricariyā akāle;
| 嗜睡與耽溺，
|
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
| 惡友與吝嗇，
|
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
| 六處污損人。
|
‘‘Akkhehi dibbanti suraṃ pivanti,
| 飲酒觀表演，
|
Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṃ;
| 侵犯人妻婦，
|
Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī [vuddhisevī (syā.), buddhisevī (ka.)],
| 低劣不勝進，
|
Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.
| 如滿月漸缺。
|
‘‘Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,
| 賭徒難聚財，
|
Pipāso pivaṃ papāgato [pipāsosi atthapāgato (syā.), pipāsopi samappapāgato (ka.)];
| 常嗜杯中物，
|
Udakamiva iṇaṃ vigāhati,
| 欠債如溺水，
|
Akulaṃ [ākulaṃ (syā. ka.)] kāhiti khippamattano.
| 族人所離棄。
|
‘‘Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā [rattinuṭṭhānadassinā (sī. pī.), rattinuṭṭhānasīlinā (?)];
| 白天不起床，
晚上不睡眠，
|
Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.
| 飲酒無節制，
無能力持家。
|
‘‘Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;
| 嫌冷亦嫌熱，
嫌早亦嫌晚，
|
Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.
| 無心做工作，
白虛渡青春。
|
‘‘Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;
| 不懶惰之人，
不計著冷暖，
|
Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ [sukhā (sabbattha) aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā] na vihāyatī’’ti.
| 盡心做工作，
快樂常相隨。
|
Mittapatirūpakā
| |
254. ‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
| 254. “居士子，應知有四種人像是朋友而實非朋友：取便宜的人，說話乖巧的人，阿諛奉承的人，揮霍無度的人。
|
255. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
| 255. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個取便宜的人：
|
‘‘Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati ;
| 他什麼都想取去，付出少而希望多，
|
Bhayassa kiccaṃ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.
| 害怕承擔責任，只為自己著想。
|
‘‘Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
| 居士子，從這四方面可認清一個取便宜的人，這種人像是朋友而實非朋友。
|
256. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati [paṭisandharati (ka.)], anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṃ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
| 256. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個說話乖巧的人：他說過去給人的恩惠，說將來給人的恩惠，只是空談而沒有實利，當需要付出的時候便借故推託。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個說話乖巧的人，這種人像是朋友而實非朋友。
|
257. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakaṃpissa [pāpakammaṃpissa (syā.)] anujānāti, kalyāṇaṃpissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
| 257. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個阿諛奉承的人：他稱頌惡行，不稱頌善行，當人面時讚美人，背人面時貶斥人。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個阿諛奉承的人，這種人像是朋友而實非朋友。
|
258. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo . Surāmeraya majjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikāla visikhā cariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo’’ti.
| 258. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個揮霍無度的人：他跟沈迷飲酒、迷醉、麻痺的人結伴，跟通宵達旦在街上遊蕩的人結伴，跟常到娛樂場所的人結伴，跟沈迷賭博的人結伴。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個揮霍無度的人，這種人像是朋友而實非朋友。”
|
259. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
| 259. 世尊．善逝．導師說了以上的話後，進一步再說：
|
‘‘Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo [vacīparamo (syā.)];
| “喜愛取便宜，
常說乖巧話，
|
Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.
| 阿諛與奉承，
揮霍無節制，
|
Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
| 四者實非友。
智者認清後，
|
Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ paṭibhayaṃ yathā’’ti.
| 應保持遠離，
如畏兇險道。
|
Suhadamitto
| |
260. ‘‘Cattārome , gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro [upakārako (syā.)] mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
| 260. “居士子，應知有四種人是能帶來快樂的朋友：喜歡助人的人，能同甘共苦的人，說善利的人，有悲憫心的人。
|
261. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṃ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṃ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṃ bhogaṃ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
| 261. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個喜歡助人的人：他保護無助的人，保護無助的人的財物，是惶恐的人的皈依處，慷慨待人。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個喜歡助人的人，這種人是能帶來快樂的朋友。
|
262. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṃpissa atthāya pariccattaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
| 262. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個能同甘共苦的人：他能對人說出自己的秘密，能保守別人的秘密，不會離棄不幸的人，甚至會為人而犧牲自己的性命。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個能同甘共苦的人，這種人是能帶來快樂的朋友。
|
263. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṃ sāveti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
| 263. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個說善利的人：他阻止人行惡，鼓勵人行善，使未聞善法的人聞法，指示天界之道。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個說善利的人，這種人是能帶來快樂的朋友。
|
264. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ pasaṃsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo’’ti.
| 264. “居士子，可從四方面認清一個有悲憫心的人：他對別人的失敗不會幸災樂禍，對別人的成就會心生歡喜，阻止人說人壞話，讚歎人讚美他人。居士子，從這四方面可認清一個有悲憫心的人，這種人是能帶來快樂的朋友。”
|
265. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
| 265. 世尊．善逝．導師說了以上的話後，進一步再說：
|
‘‘Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe [sukhadukkho (syā. ka.)] ca yo sakhā [yo ca mitto sukhe dukkhe (sī. pī.)];
| “喜歡幫助人，
甘苦能與共，
|
Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.
| 對人說善利，
具有悲憫心，
|
‘‘Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
| 四者真善友。
智者認清後，
|
Sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṃ va orasaṃ;
| 尊敬常伴隨，
如母子常隨。
|
Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṃ aggīva bhāsati.
| 智者具戒德，
如光照暗海。
|
‘‘Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;
| 財富得增長，
如蜂勤蓄蜜；
|
Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.
| 財富得增長，
如蟻勤蓄糧。
|
‘‘Evaṃ bhoge samāhatvā [samāharitvā (syā.)], alamatto kule gihī;
| 取得財富後，
利家利族群。
|
Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.
| 財富可分四，
將此善用之，
|
‘‘Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;
| 一份供食用；
兩份供投資；
|
Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti.
| 一份供積蓄，
防不時之需。
|
Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍaṃ
| |
266. ‘‘Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.
| 266. “居士子，什麼是一位能夠照顧得到六方的人呢？應知這六方：父母是東方，師長是南方，配偶是西方，親友是北方，僕人、工人、下人是下方，沙門婆羅門是上方。
|
267. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā – bhato ne [nesaṃ (bahūsu)] bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādenti [niyyātenti (ka. sī.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
| 267. “居士子，子女應從五方面來看待東方的父母：以供養回報養育之恩；以照顧回報照顧之恩；保存家族的美譽；繼承良好的家風；父母命終後，以他們的名義作布施。父母亦應從五方面來看待子女：阻止行惡，鼓勵行善，教授知識，安排婚配，給予繼承物。居士子，子女應從這五方面來看待東方的父母，父母亦應從這五方面來看待子女──這樣的話，東方便能夠得到照顧，安穩而沒有怖畏了。
|
268. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṃ sippapaṭiggahaṇena [sippaṃ paṭiggahaṇena (syā.), sippauggahaṇena (ka.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti – suvinītaṃ vinenti, suggahitaṃ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṃ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti [paṭivedenti (syā.)], disāsu parittāṇaṃ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
| 268. “居士子，弟子應從五方面來看待南方的師長：起座禮敬，站立禮敬，順從師長，侍候師長，用心學習。師長亦應從五方面來看待弟子：善於教導，善令受持，盡教不保留，助交朋友，保護與關心。居士子，弟子應從這五方面來看待南方的師長，師長亦應從這五方面來看待弟子──這樣的話，南方便能夠得到照顧，安穩而沒有怖畏了。
|
269. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – sammānanāya anavamānanāya [avimānanāya (syā. pī.)] anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati – susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā [susaṅgahitaparijanā (sī. syā. pī.)] ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
| 269. “居士子，丈夫應從五方面來看待西方的妻子：尊重，不輕蔑，不對妻子不忠，給予權力，贈送飾物。妻子亦應從五方面來看待丈夫：安排好自己的工作，安排好僕人的工作，不對丈夫不忠，守護家裏的財物，勤勞與善巧地做所有工作。居士子，丈夫應從這五方面來看待西方的妻子，妻子亦應從這五方面來看待丈夫──這樣的話，西方便能夠得到照顧，安穩而沒有怖畏了。
|
270. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – dānena peyyavajjena [viyavajjena (syā. ka.)] atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṃvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pamattaṃ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṃ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
| 270. “居士子，人應從五方面來看待北方的親友：布施，愛語，利行，同事，誠實。親友亦應從五方面來看待人：保護無助的人，保護無助的人的財物，是惶恐的人的皈依處，不會離棄不幸的人，尊重別人。居士子，人應從這五方面來看待北方的親友，親友亦應從這五方面來看待人──這樣的話，北方便能夠得到照顧，安穩而沒有怖畏了。
|
271. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena [ayirakena (sī. syā. pī.)] heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – yathābalaṃ kammantasaṃvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṃ rasānaṃ saṃvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti – pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
| 271. “居士子，主人應從五方面來看待下方的僕人、工人、下人：不使他們過勞，供給食物與薪金，照顧他們病痛，分享美食，給他們休息時間。僕人、工人、下人亦應從五方面來看待主人：比主人早起，比主人遲睡，主人不給的便不取，工作妥善，傳揚主人的名聲。居士子，主人應從這五方面來看待下方的僕人、工人、下人，僕人、工人、下人亦應從這五方面來看待主人──這樣的話，下方便能夠得到照顧，安穩而沒有怖畏了。
|
272. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṃ sāventi, sutaṃ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā’’ti.
| 272. “居士子，人應從五方面來看待上方的沙門婆羅門：慈心作身業來對他們，慈心作口業來對他們，慈心作意業來對他們，不拒諸門外，提供物質所需。沙門婆羅門亦應從六方面來看待人：阻止行惡，鼓勵行善，善意悲憫，使未聞教導的人得聞，使已聞教導的人淨化，指示天界之道。居士子，人應從這五方面來看待上方的沙門婆羅門，沙門婆羅門亦應從這六方面來看待人──這樣的話，上方便能夠得到照顧，安穩而沒有怖畏了。
|
273. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
| 273. 世尊．善逝．導師說了以上的話後，進一步再說：
|
‘‘Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;
| “父母是東方，
師長是南方，
|
Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.
| 妻子是西方，
親友是北方，
|
‘‘Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;
| 僕人是下方，
沙門是上方。
|
Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.
| 禮拜此六方，
族群獲大益。
|
‘‘Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;
| 智者具戒德，
柔和明事理，
|
Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
| 謙虛不自私，
此人得名聲；
|
‘‘Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati;
| 勤奮不懶惰，
不懼遇困境，
|
Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
| 智慧不缺漏，
此人得名聲；
|
‘‘Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
| 善友廣交結，
大方不吝嗇，
|
Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
| 眾人之領導，
此人得名聲。
|
‘‘Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha;
| 布施與愛語，
利行與同事，
|
Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ;
| 世間具此法，
得攝持不散。
|
Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.
| 如車軸攝輪，
常轉得往還。
|
‘‘Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;
| 若世無此法，
無父慈母愛，
|
Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.
| 無子女敬孝，
無尊重供養。
|
‘‘Yasmā ca saṅgahā [saṅgahe (ka.) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ icchitapāṭho] ete, sammapekkhanti [samavekkhanti (sī. pī. ka.)] paṇḍitā;
| 因世有此法，
智者得通達，
|
Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te’’ti.
| 能帶來大利，
受世人稱頌。”
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274. Evaṃ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti. Evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
| 274. 世尊說了這番話後，仙伽邏對他說： “大德，妙極了！大德，妙極了！世尊能以各種不同的方式來演說法義，就像把倒轉了的東西反正過來；像為受覆蓋的東西揭開遮掩；像為迷路者指示正道；像在黑暗中拿著油燈的人，使其他有眼睛的人可以看見東西。我皈依世尊、皈依法、皈依比丘僧。願世尊接受我為優婆塞，從現在起，直至命終，終生皈依！”
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Siṅgālasuttaṃ [siṅgālovādasuttantaṃ (pī.)] niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.
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