Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā
‘‘Tenātiādipāṭhassa, atthaṃ nānappakārato;
Dassayanto karissāmi, vinayassatthavaṇṇana’’nti.
Vuttattā tena samayena buddho bhagavātiādīnaṃ atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – tenāti aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ. Tassa sarūpena avuttenapi aparabhāge atthato siddhena yenāti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso kātabbo. Aparabhāge hi vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūto āyasmato sāriputtassa parivitakko siddho. Tasmā yena samayena so parivitakko udapādi, tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatīti evamettha sambandho veditabbo. Ayañhi sabbasmimpi vinaye yutti, yadidaṃ yattha yattha ‘‘tenā’’ti vuccati tattha tattha pubbe vā pacchā vā atthato siddhena ‘‘yenā’’ti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso kātabboti.
Tatridaṃ mukhamattanidassanaṃ – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi, yena sudinno methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevi; yasmā paṭisevi, tasmā paññapessāmī’’ti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ tāva pubbe atthato siddhena yenāti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso yujjati. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati, yena samayena dhaniyo kumbhakāraputto rañño dārūni adinnaṃ ādiyīti evaṃ pacchā atthato siddhena yenāti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso yujjatīti vutto tenāti vacanassa attho. Samayenāti ettha pana samayasaddo tāva –
Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetu-diṭṭhisu;
Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati.
Tathā hissa – ‘‘appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.447) evamādīsu samavāyo attho. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti (a. ni. 8.29) evamādīsu khaṇo. ‘‘Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’ti (pāci. 358) evamādīsu kālo. ‘‘Mahāsamayo pavanasmi’’nti evamādīsu samūho. ‘‘Samayopi kho te, bhaddāli, appaṭividdho ahosi – ‘bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati – bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī’ti ayampi kho te, bhaddāli, samayo appaṭividdho ahosī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.135) evamādīsu hetu. ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena uggahamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.260) evamādīsu diṭṭhi.
‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;
Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.129);
Evamādīsu paṭilābho. ‘‘Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.28) evamādīsu pahānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.8) evamādīsu paṭivedho attho. Idha panassa kālo attho. Tasmā yena kālena āyasmato sāriputtassa vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūto parivitakko udapādi, tena kālenāti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
Etthāha – ‘‘atha kasmā yathā suttante ‘ekaṃ samaya’nti upayogavacanena niddeso kato, abhidhamme ca ‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacara’nti bhummavacanena, tathā akatvā idha ‘tena samayenā’ti karaṇavacanena niddeso kato’’ti? Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Kathaṃ? Suttante tāva accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā brahmajālādīni suttantāni desesi, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi; tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha upayoganiddeso kato. Abhidhamme ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo, tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhiyati. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacanena niddeso kato. Idha pana hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi; tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha karaṇavacanena niddeso katoti veditabbo. Hoti cettha –
‘‘Upayogena bhummena, taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhiya;
Aññatra samayo vutto, karaṇeneva so idhā’’ti.
Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti – ‘ekaṃ samaya’nti vā ‘yasmiṃ samaye’ti vā ‘tena samayenā’ti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummameva attho’’ti. Tasmā tesaṃ laddhiyā ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti vuttepi ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye’’ti attho veditabbo.
Buddho bhagavāti imesaṃ padānaṃ parato atthaṃ vaṇṇayissāma. Verañjāyaṃ viharatīti ettha pana verañjāti aññatarassa nagarassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tassaṃ verañjāyaṃ; samīpatthe bhummavacanaṃ. Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgīparidīpanametaṃ, idha pana ṭhānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesuairiyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ, tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti, tasmā ‘‘viharatī’’ti vuccati.
Naḷerupucimandamūleti ettha naḷeru nāma yakkho, pucimandoti nimbarukkho, mūlanti samīpaṃ. Ayañhi mūlasaddo ‘‘mūlāni uddhareyya antamaso usīranāḷimattānipī’’ti (a. ni. 4.195) -ādīsu mūlamūle dissati. ‘‘Lobho akusalamūla’’nti (dī. ni. 3.305) -ādīsu asādhāraṇahetumhi. ‘‘Yāva majjhanhike kāle chāyā pharati, nivāte paṇṇāni patanti, ettāvatā rukkhamūla’’ntiādīsu samīpe. Idha pana samīpe adhippeto, tasmā naḷeruyakkhena adhiggahitassa pucimandassa samīpeti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. So kira pucimando ramaṇīyo pāsādiko anekesaṃ rukkhānaṃ ādhipaccaṃ viya kurumāno tassa nagarassa avidūre gamanāgamanasampanne ṭhāne ahosi. Atha bhagavā verañjaṃ gantvā patirūpe ṭhāne viharanto tassa rukkhassa samīpe heṭṭhābhāge vihāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti.
Tattha siyā yadi tāva bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharati, ‘‘naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti na vattabbaṃ, atha tattha viharati, ‘‘verañjāya’’nti na vattabbaṃ, na hi sakkā ubhayattha teneva samayena apubbaṃ acarimaṃ viharitunti? Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, nanu avocumha ‘‘samīpatthe bhummavacana’’nti. Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘gaṅgāya caranti, yamunāya carantī’’ti vuccanti; evamidhāpi yadidaṃ verañjāya samīpe naḷerupucimandamūlaṃ tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti. Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa verañjāvacanaṃ. Pabbajitānurūpanivāsanaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ naḷerupucimandamūlavacanaṃ.
Tattha verañjākittanena āyasmā upālitthero bhagavato gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇaṃ dasseti, naḷerupucimandamūlakittanena pabbajitānuggahakaraṇaṃ, tathā purimena paccayaggahaṇato attakilamathānuyogavivajjanaṃ, pacchimena vatthukāmappahānato kāmasukhallikānuyogavivajjanupāyadassanaṃ; purimena ca dhammadesanābhiyogaṃ, pacchimena vivekādhimuttiṃ; purimena karuṇāya upagamanaṃ , pacchimena paññāya apagamanaṃ; purimena sattānaṃ hitasukhanipphādanādhimuttataṃ, pacchimena parahitasukhakaraṇe nirupalepanaṃ; purimena dhammikasukhāpariccāganimittaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ, pacchimena uttarimanussadhammānuyoganimittaṃ; purimena manussānaṃ upakārabahulataṃ, pacchimena devatānaṃ; purimena loke jātassa loke saṃvaḍḍhabhāvaṃ, pacchimena lokena anupalittataṃ; purimena ‘‘ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti (a. ni. 1.170) vacanato yadatthaṃ bhagavā uppanno tadatthaparinipphādanaṃ, pacchimena yattha uppanno tadanurūpavihāraṃ. Bhagavā hi paṭhamaṃ lumbinīvane, dutiyaṃ bodhimaṇḍeti lokiyalokuttarāya uppattiyā vaneyeva uppanno, tenassa vaneyeva vihāraṃ dassetīti evamādinā nayenettha atthayojanā veditabbā.
Mahatābhikkhusaṅghena saddhinti ettha mahatāti guṇamahattenapi mahatā; saṅkhyāmahattenapi, so hi bhikkhusaṅgho guṇehipi mahā ahosi, yasmā yo tattha pacchimako so sotāpanno; saṅkhyāyapi mahā pañcasatasaṅkhyattā. Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅghena bhikkhusaṅghena; diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅkhātasaṅghātena samaṇagaṇenāti attho. Saddhinti ekato. Pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehīti pañca mattā etesanti pañcamattāni. Mattāti pamāṇaṃ vuccati. Tasmā yathā ‘‘bhojane mattaññū’’ti vutte bhojane mattaṃ jānāti, pamāṇaṃ jānātīti attho hoti; evamidhāpi tesaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañca mattā pañcappamāṇanti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Bhikkhūnaṃ satāni bhikkhusatāni, tehi pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Etena yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhi’’nti, ettha tassa mahato bhikkhusaṅghassa saṅkhyāmahattaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Parato panassa ‘‘nirabbudo hi, sāriputta bhikkhusaṅgho nirādīnavo apagatakāḷako suddho sāre patiṭṭhito. Imesañhi, sāriputta, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ yo pacchimako so sotāpanno’’ti vacanena guṇamahattaṃ āvibhavissati.
Assosi kho verañjo brāhmaṇoti assosīti suṇi upalabhi, sotadvārasampattavacananigghosānusārena aññāsi. Khoti padapūraṇamatte avadhāraṇatthe vā nipāto. Tattha avadhāraṇatthena assosi eva, nāssa koci savanantarāyo ahosīti ayamattho veditabbo. Padapūraṇena pana byañjanasiliṭṭhatāmattameva. Verañjāyaṃ jāto, verañjāyaṃ bhavo, verañjā vā assa nivāsoti verañjo. Mātāpitūhi katanāmavasena panāyaṃ ‘‘udayo’’ti vuccati. Brahmaṃ aṇatīti brāhmaṇo, mante sajjhāyatīti attho. Idameva hi jātibrāhmaṇānaṃ niruttivacanaṃ. Ariyā pana bāhitapāpattā ‘‘brāhmaṇā’’ti vuccanti.
Idāni yamatthaṃ verañjo brāhmaṇo assosi, taṃ pakāsento samaṇo khalu bho gotamotiādimāha. Tattha samitapāpattā samaṇoti veditabbo. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ – ‘‘bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo (dha. pa. 388), samitapāpattā samaṇoti vuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 265). Bhagavā ca anuttarena ariyamaggena samitapāpo, tenassa yathābhuccaguṇādhigatametaṃ nāmaṃ yadidaṃ samaṇoti. Khalūti anussavanatthe nipāto. Bhoti brāhmaṇajātikānaṃ jātisamudāgataṃ ālapanamattaṃ. Vuttampi hetaṃ –
‘‘Bhovādī nāmaso hoti, sace hoti sakiñcano’’ti. (Dha. pa. 396; su. ni. 625). Gotamoti bhagavantaṃ gottavasena parikitteti, tasmā ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo’’ti ettha samaṇo kira bho gotamagottoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Sakyaputtoti idaṃ pana bhagavato uccākulaparidīpanaṃ. Sakyakulā pabbajitoti saddhāpabbajitabhāvaparidīpanaṃ, kenaci pārijuññena anabhibhūto aparikkhīṇaṃyeva, taṃ kulaṃ pahāya saddhāya pabbajitoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tato paraṃ vuttatthameva. Taṃ kho panāti itthambhūtākhyānatthe upayogavacanaṃ, tassa kho pana bhoto gotamassāti attho. Kalyāṇoti kalyāṇaguṇasamannāgato; seṭṭhoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kittisaddoti kitti eva, thutighoso vā.
Itipi so bhagavātiādīsu pana ayaṃ tāva yojanā – so bhagavā itipi arahaṃ, itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi bhagavāti iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Idāni vinayadharānaṃ suttantanayakosallatthaṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya cittasampahaṃsanatthañca etesaṃ padānaṃ vitthāranayena vaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Tasmā yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘so bhagavā itipi araha’’ntiādi; tattha ārakattā, arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā, paccayādīnaṃ arahattā, pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi so bhagavā arahanti veditabbo. Ārakā hi so sabbakilesehi suvidūravidūre ṭhito, maggena savāsanānaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattāti ārakattā arahaṃ; te cānena kilesārayo maggena hatāti arīnaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ. Yañcetaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhipuññādiabhisaṅkhārāraṃ jarāmaraṇanemi āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā tibhavarathe samāyojitaṃ anādikālappavattaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ, tassānena bodhimaṇḍe vīriyapādehi sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya saddhāhatthena kammakkhayakaraṃ ñāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā sabbe arā hatāti arānaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ.
Atha vā saṃsāracakkanti anamataggasaṃsāravaṭṭaṃ vuccati, tassa ca avijjā nābhi, mūlattā; jarāmaraṇaṃ nemi, pariyosānattā; sesā dasa dhammā arā, avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyantattā ca. Tattha dukkhādīsu aññāṇaṃ avijjā, kāmabhave ca avijjā kāmabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Rūpabhave avijjā rūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Arūpabhave avijjā arūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saṅkhārā kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇassa paccayā honti. Esa nayo itaresu. Kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇaṃ kāmabhave nāmarūpassa paccayo hoti, tathā rūpabhave. Arūpabhave nāmasseva paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave nāmarūpaṃ kāmabhave saḷāyatanassa paccayo hoti. Rūpabhave nāmarūpaṃ rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ āyatanānaṃ paccayo hoti. Arūpabhave nāmaṃ arūpabhave ekassāyatanassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saḷāyatanaṃ kāmabhave chabbidhassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Rūpabhave tīṇi āyatanāni rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ phassānaṃ; arūpabhave ekamāyatanaṃ arūpabhave ekassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha phassā kāmabhave channaṃ vedanānaṃ paccayā honti. Rūpabhave tayo tattheva tissannaṃ; arūpabhave eko tattheva ekissā vedanāya paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha vedanā kāmabhave channaṃ taṇhākāyānaṃ paccayā honti. Rūpabhave tisso tattheva tiṇṇaṃ; arūpabhave ekā vedanā arūpabhave ekassa taṇhākāyassa paccayo hoti. Tattha tattha sā sā taṇhā tassa tassa upādānassa paccayo; upādānādayo bhavādīnaṃ.
Kathaṃ? Idhekacco ‘‘kāme paribhuñjissāmī’’ti kāmupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ carati; duccaritapāripūriyā apāye upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇaṃ.
Aparo ‘‘saggasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī’’ti tatheva sucaritaṃ carati; sucaritapāripūriyā sagge upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.
Aparo pana ‘‘brahmalokasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī’’ti kāmupādānapaccayā eva mettaṃ bhāveti, karuṇaṃ… muditaṃ… upekkhaṃ bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā brahmaloke nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti soyeva nayo.
Aparo ‘‘arūpavabhasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī’’ti tatheva ākāsānañcāyatanādisamāpattiyo bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā tattha nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇanti. Esa nayo sesupādānamūlikāsupi yojanāsu.
Evaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ; atītampi addhānaṃ, anāgatampi addhānaṃ; avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa’’nti etena nayena sabbapadāni vitthāretabbāni. Tattha avijjā saṅkhārā eko saṅkhepo, viññāṇa-nāmarūpa-saḷāyatana-phassa-vedanā eko, taṇhupādānabhavā eko, jāti-jarā-maraṇaṃ eko. Purimasaṅkhepo cettha atīto addhā, dve majjhimā paccuppanno, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ anāgato. Avijjāsaṅkhāraggahaṇena cettha taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā atīte kammavaṭṭaṃ; viññāṇādayo pañca dhammā etarahi vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Taṇhupādānabhavaggahaṇena avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā etarahi kammavaṭṭaṃ; jātijarāmaraṇāpadesena viññāṇādīnaṃ niddiṭṭhattā ime pañca dhammā āyatiṃ vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Te ākārato vīsatividhā honti. Saṅkhāraviññāṇānañcettha antarā eko sandhi, vedanātaṇhānamantarā eko, bhavajātīnamantarā eko. Iti bhagavā evaṃ catusaṅkhepaṃ, tiyaddhaṃ, vīsatākāraṃ, tisandhiṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati aññāti paṭivijjhati. Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā. Tena vuccati – ‘‘paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa’’nti. Iminā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇena bhagavā te dhamme yathābhūtaṃ ñatvā tesu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto vuttappakārassa imassa saṃsāracakkassa are hani vihani viddhaṃsesi. Evampi arānaṃ hatattā arahaṃ.
Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā ca cīvarādipaccaye arahati pūjāvisesañca; teneva ca uppanne tathāgate ye keci mahesakkhā devamanussā na te aññattha pūjaṃ karonti. Tathā hi brahmā sahampati sinerumattena ratanadāmena tathāgataṃ pūjesi, yathābalañca aññepi devā manussā ca bimbisārakosalarājādayo. Parinibbutampi ca bhagavantaṃ uddissa channavutikoṭidhanaṃ visajjetvā asokamahārājā sakalajambudīpe caturāsītivihārasahassāni patiṭṭhāpesi. Ko pana vādo aññesaṃ pūjāvisesānanti! Evaṃ paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi arahaṃ. Yathā ca loke keci paṇḍitamānino bālā asilokabhayena raho pāpaṃ karonti; evamesa na kadāci karotīti pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvatopi arahaṃ. Hoti cettha –
‘‘Ārakattā hatattā ca, kilesārīna so muni;
Hatasaṃsāracakkāro, paccayādīna cāraho;
Na raho karoti pāpāni, arahaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti.
Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho. Tathā hesa sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, abhiññeyye dhamme abhiññeyyato buddho, pariññeyye dhamme pariññeyyato, pahātabbe dhamme pahātabbato, sacchikātabbe dhamme sacchikātabbato, bhāvetabbe dhamme bhāvetabbato. Teneva cāha –
‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;
Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 563);
Apica cakkhu dukkhasaccaṃ, tassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena taṃsamuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnamappavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhappajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evaṃ ekekapaduddhārenāpi sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho. Esa nayo sota-ghāna-jivhā-kāyamanesupi. Eteneva nayena rūpādīni cha āyatanāni, cakkhuviññāṇādayo cha viññāṇakāyā, cakkhusamphassādayo cha phassā, cakkhusamphassajādayo cha vedanā, rūpasaññādayo cha saññā, rūpasañcetanādayo cha cetanā, rūpataṇhādayo cha taṇhākāyā, rūpavitakkādayo cha vitakkā, rūpavicārādayo cha vicārā , rūpakkhandhādayo pañcakkhandhā, dasa kasiṇāni, dasa anussatiyo, uddhumātakasaññādivasena dasa saññā, kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, kāmabhavādayo nava bhavā, paṭhamādīni cattāri jhānāni, mettābhāvanādayo catasso appamaññā, catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, paṭilomato jarāmaraṇādīni, anulomato avijjādīni paṭiccasamuppādaṅgāni ca yojetabbāni.
Tatrāyaṃ ekapadayojanā – ‘‘jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, jāti samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnampi nissaraṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhappajānanā paṭipadā maggasacca’’nti. Evaṃ ekekapaduddhārena sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho anubuddho paṭividdho. Tena vuttaṃ – sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddhoti.
Vijjāhi pana caraṇena ca sampannattā vijjācaraṇasampanno; tattha vijjāti tissopi vijjā, aṭṭhapi vijjā. Tisso vijjā bhayabheravasutte (ma. ni. 1.34 ādayo) vuttanayeneva veditabbā, aṭṭha vijjā ambaṭṭhasutte (dī. ni. 1.278 ādayo). Tatra hi vipassanāñāṇena manomayiddhiyā ca saha cha abhiññā pariggahetvā aṭṭha vijjā vuttā. Caraṇanti sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānānīti ime pannarasa dhammā veditabbā. Imeyeva hi pannarasa dhammā, yasmā etehi carati ariyasāvako gacchati amataṃ disaṃ tasmā, caraṇanti vuttā. Yathāha – ‘‘idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlavā hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.24) vitthāro. Bhagavā imāhi vijjāhi iminā ca caraṇena samannāgato, tena vuccati vijjācaraṇasampannoti . Tattha vijjāsampadā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ pūretvā ṭhitā, caraṇasampadā mahākāruṇikataṃ. So sabbaññutāya sabbasattānaṃ atthānatthaṃ ñatvā mahākāruṇikatāya anatthaṃ parivajjetvā atthe niyojeti, yathā taṃ vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tenassa sāvakā suppaṭipannā honti no duppaṭipannā, vijjācaraṇavipannānañhi sāvakā attantapādayo viya.
Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammāgatattā, sammā ca gadattā sugato. Gamanampi hi gatanti vuccati, tañca bhagavato sobhanaṃ parisuddhamanavajjaṃ . Kiṃ pana tanti? Ariyamaggo. Tena hesa gamanena khemaṃ disaṃ asajjamāno gatoti sobhanagamanattā sugato. Sundaraṃ cesa ṭhānaṃ gato amataṃ nibbānanti sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattāpi sugato. Sammā ca gato tena tena maggena pahīne kilese puna apaccāgacchanto. Vuttañcetaṃ – ‘‘sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato…pe… arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’ti (mahāni. 38). Sammā vā āgato dīpaṅkarapādamūlato pabhuti yāva bodhimaṇḍo tāva samatiṃsapāramipūritāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbalokassa hitasukhameva karonto sassataṃ ucchedaṃ kāmasukhaṃ attakilamathanti ime ca ante anupagacchanto āgatoti sammāgatattāpi sugato. Sammā cesa gadati, yuttaṭṭhāne yuttameva vācaṃ bhāsatīti sammā gadattāpi sugato.
Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ – ‘‘yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.86). Evaṃ sammā gadattāpi sugatoti veditabbo.
Sabbathā viditalokattā pana lokavidū. So hi bhagavā sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathā lokaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Yathāha – ‘‘yattha kho, āvuso, na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, nāhaṃ taṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ daṭṭheyyaṃ patteyyanti vadāmi; na cāhaṃ, āvuso, appatvāva lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Api cāhaṃ, āvuso, imasmiṃyeva byāmamatte kaḷevare sasaññimhi samanake lokañca paññapemi lokasamudayañca lokanirodhañca lokanirodhagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ.
‘‘Gamanena na pattabbo, lokassanto kudācanaṃ;
Na ca appatvā lokantaṃ, dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ.
‘‘Tasmā have lokavidū sumedho;
Lokantagū vusitabrahmacariyo;
Lokassa antaṃ samitāvi ñatvā;
Nāsīsatī lokamimaṃ parañcā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.45; saṃ. ni. 1.107);
Apica tayo lokā – saṅkhāraloko, sattaloko, okāsalokoti; tattha ‘‘eko loko – sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhāraloko veditabbo. ‘‘Sassato lokoti vā asassato lokoti vā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.421) āgataṭṭhāne sattaloko.
‘‘Yāvatā candimasūriyā, pariharanti disā bhanti virocanā;
Tāva sahassadhā loko, ettha te vattatī vaso’’ti. (ma. ni. 1.503) –
Āgataṭṭhāne okāsaloko, tampi bhagavā sabbathā avedi. Tathā hissa – ‘‘eko loko – sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Dve lokā – nāmañca rūpañca. Tayo lokā – tisso vedanā. Cattāro lokā – cattāro āhārā. Pañca lokā – pañcupādānakkhandhā. Cha lokā – cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni. Satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Aṭṭha lokā – aṭṭha lokadhammā. Nava lokā – nava sattāvāsā. Dasa lokā – dasāyatanāni. Dvādasa lokā – dvādasāyatanāni . Aṭṭhārasa lokā – aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112). Ayaṃ saṅkhāralokopi sabbathā vidito.
Yasmā panesa sabbesampi sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye bhabbe abhabbe satte jānāti, tasmāssa sattalokopi sabbathā vidito. Yathā ca sattaloko evaṃ okāsalokopi. Tathā hesa ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato ca vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasa satasahassāni tīṇi sahassāni cattāri satāni paññāsañca yojanāni. Parikkhepato –
Sabbaṃ satasahassāni, chattiṃsa parimaṇḍalaṃ;
Dasañceva sahassāni, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni satāni ca.
Tattha –
Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā.
Tassā eva sandhārakaṃ –
Cattāri satasahassāni, aṭṭheva nahutāni ca;
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, jalaṃ vāte patiṭṭhitaṃ.
Tassāpi sandhārako –
Navasatasahassāni, māluto nabhamuggato;
Saṭṭhi ceva sahassāni, esā lokassa saṇṭhiti.
Evaṃ saṇṭhite cettha yojanānaṃ –
Caturāsīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;
Accuggato tāvadeva, sinerupabbatuttamo.
Tato upaḍḍhupaḍḍhena, pamāṇena yathākkamaṃ;
Ajjhogāḷhuggatā dibbā, nānāratanacittitā.
Yugandharo īsadharo, karavīko sudassano;
Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo girī brahā.
Ete satta mahāselā, sinerussa samantato;
Mahārājānamāvāsā, devayakkhanisevitā.
Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato;
Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato;
Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito.
Tipañcayojanakkhandha, parikkhepā nagavhayā;
Paññāsa yojanakkhandha, sākhāyāmā samantato.
Satayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā;
Jambū yassānubhāvena, jambudīpo pakāsito.
Dve asīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;
Accuggato tāvadeva, cakkavāḷasiluccayo;
Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, lokadhātumayaṃ ṭhito.
Tattha candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ, sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojanaṃ, tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojanaṃ; tathā asurabhavanaṃ, avīcimahānirayo, jambudīpo ca. Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojanaṃ; tathā pubbavideho. Uttarakuru aṭṭhasahassayojano, ekameko cettha mahādīpo pañcasatapañcasataparittadīpaparivāro; taṃ sabbampi ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ , ekā lokadhātu, tadantaresu lokantarikanirayā. Evaṃ anantāni cakkavāḷāni anantā lokadhātuyo bhagavā anantena buddhañāṇena avedi, aññāsi, paṭivijjhi. Evamassa okāsalokopi sabbathā vidito. Evampi sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū.
Attano pana guṇehi visiṭṭhatarassa kassaci abhāvā natthi etassa uttaroti anuttaro. Tathā hesa sīlaguṇenāpi sabbaṃ lokamabhibhavati, samādhi…pe… paññā… vimutti… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi, sīlaguṇenāpi asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Yathāha – ‘‘na kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samanupassāmi sadevake loke samārake…pe… sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannatara’’nti vitthāro.
Evaṃ aggappasādasuttādīni (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘na me ācariyo atthī’’tiādikā gāthāyo (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) ca vitthāretabbā.
Purisadamme sāretīti purisadammasārathi, dameti vinetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha purisadammāti adantā dametuṃ yuttā tiracchānapurisāpi manussapurisāpi amanussapurisāpi. Tathā hi bhagavatā tiracchānapurisāpi apalāḷo nāgarājā, cūḷodaro, mahodaro, aggisikho, dhūmasikho, dhanapālako hatthīti evamādayo damitā, nibbisā katā, saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpitā. Manussapurisāpi saccakanigaṇṭhaputta-ambaṭṭhamāṇava-pokkharasāti-soṇadaṇḍakūṭadantādayo. Amanussapurisāpi āḷavaka-sūciloma-kharaloma-yakkha-sakkadevarājādayo damitā vinītā vicitrehi vinayanūpāyehi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, kesi, purisadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemī’’ti (a. ni. 4.111) idañcettha suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Atha vā visuddhasīlādīnaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīni sotāpannādīnañca uttarimaggapaṭipadaṃ ācikkhanto dantepi dametiyeva.
Atha vā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti ekamevidaṃ atthapadaṃ . Bhagavā hi tathā purisadamme sāreti, yathā ekapallaṅkeneva nisinnā aṭṭha disā asajjamānā dhāvanti. Tasmā ‘‘anuttaro purisadammasārathī’’ti vuccati. ‘‘Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṃyeva disaṃ dhāvatī’’ti idañcettha suttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.312) vitthāretabbaṃ.
Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Apica satthā viyāti satthā, bhagavā satthavāho. ‘‘Yathā satthavāho satthe kantāraṃ tāreti, corakantāraṃ tāreti, vāḷakantāraṃ tāreti, dubbhikkhakantāraṃ tāreti, nirudakakantāraṃ tāreti, uttāreti nittāreti patāreti khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpeti; evameva bhagavā satthā satthavāho satte kantāraṃ tāreti jātikantāraṃ tāretī’’tiādinā (mahāni. 190) niddesanayenapettha attho veditabbo.
Devamanussānanti daevānañca manussānañca ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasenetaṃ vuttaṃ, bhabbapuggalaparicchedavasena ca. Bhagavā pana tiracchānagatānampi anusāsanippadānena satthāyeva. Tepi hi bhagavato dhammasavanena upanissayasampattiṃ patvā tāya eva upanissayasampattiyā dutiye tatiye vā attabhāve maggaphalabhāgino honti. Maṇḍūkadevaputtādayo cettha nidassanaṃ. Bhagavati kira gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre campānagaravāsīnaṃ dhammaṃ desayamāne eko maṇḍūko bhagavato sare nimittaṃ aggahesi. Taṃ eko vacchapālako daṇḍamolubbha tiṭṭhanto tassa sīse sannirumbhitvā aṭṭhāsi. So tāvadeva kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane dvādasayojanike kanakavimāne nibbatti. Suttappabuddho viya ca tattha accharāsaṅghaparivutaṃ attānaṃ disvā ‘‘are, ahampi nāma idha nibbattosmi! Kiṃ nu kho kammaṃ akāsi’’nti āvajjento nāññaṃ kiñci addasa, aññatra bhagavato sare nimittaggāhā. So taāvadeva saha vimānena āgantvā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandi. Bhagavā jānantova pucchi –
‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;
Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti.
‘‘Maṇḍūkohaṃ pure āsiṃ, udake vārigocaro;
Tava dhammaṃ suṇantassa, avadhi vacchapālako’’ti. (vi. va. 857-858);
Bhagavā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāvasāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Devaputtopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya sitaṃ katvā pakkāmīti.
Yaṃ pana kiñci atthi ñeyyaṃ nāma, tassa sabbassa buddhattā vimokkhantikañāṇavasena buddho. Yasmā vā cattāri saccāni attanāpi bujjhi, aññepi satte bodhesi; tasmā evamādīhipi kāraṇehi buddho. Imassa catthassa viññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’ti evaṃ pavatto sabbopi niddesanayo (mahāni. 192) paṭisambhidānayo (paṭi. ma. 1.162) vā vitthāretabbo.
Bhagavāti idaṃ panassa guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;
Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.
Catubbidhañhi nāmaṃ – āvatthikaṃ, liṅgikaṃ, nemittikaṃ, adhiccasamuppannanti. Adhiccasamuppannaṃ nāma lokiyavohārena ‘‘yadicchaka’’nti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha ‘‘vaccho dammo balibaddo’’ti evamādi āvatthikaṃ. ‘‘Daṇḍī chattī sikhī karī’’ti evamādi liṅgikaṃ. ‘‘Tevijjo chaḷabhiñño’’ti evamādi nemittikaṃ. ‘‘Sirivaḍḍhako dhanavaḍḍhako’’ti evamādi vacanatthamanapekkhitvā pavattaṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ. Idaṃ pana bhagavāti nāmaṃ nemittikaṃ, na mahāmāyāya na suddhodanamahārājena na asītiyā ñātisahassehi kataṃ, na sakkasantusitādīhi devatāvisesehi. Vuttañhetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā – ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikāpaññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).
Yaṃguṇanemittikañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadanti –
‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti;
Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;
Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano;
Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti.
Niddese vuttanayeneva cettha tesaṃ tesaṃ padānamattho daṭṭhabbo.
Ayaṃ pana aparo nayo –
‘‘Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;
Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti.
Tattha vaṇṇāgamo vaṇṇavipariyayoti etaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā saddanayena vā pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā yasmā lokiyalokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ dānasīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthi, tasmā ‘‘bhāgyavā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccatīti ñātabbaṃ. Yasmā pana lobha-dosa-moha-viparītamanasikāra-ahirikānottappa-kodhūpanāha-makkha-paḷāsaissā-macchariya-māyāsāṭheyya-thambha-sārambha-mānātimāna-mada-pamāda-taṇhāvijjā tividhākusalamūla-duccarita-saṃkilesa-mala-visamasaññā-vitakka-papañca-catubbidhavipariyesaāsava-gantha-ogha-yogāgati-taṇhuppādupādāna-pañcacetokhīla-vinibandha-nīvaraṇābhinandanachavivādamūla-taṇhākāya-sattānusaya-aṭṭhamicchatta-navataṇhāmūlaka-dasākusalakama diṭṭhigata-aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabheda-sabbadaratha-pariḷāha-kilesasatasahassāni, saṅkhepato vā pañca kilesa-abhisaṅkhārakhandhamaccu-devaputta-māre abhañji, tasmā bhaggattā etesaṃ parissayānaṃ bhaggavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati. Āha cettha –
‘‘Bhaggarāgo bhaggadoso, bhaggamoho anāsavo;
Bhaggāssa pāpakā dhammā, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.
Bhāgyavantatāya cassa satapuññajalakkhaṇadharassa rūpakāyasampattidīpitā hoti, bhaggadosatāya dhammakāyasampatti. Tathā lokiyaparikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā, abhigatānañca nesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā, lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca sampayojanasamatthatā dīpitā hoti.
Yasmā ca loke issariya-dhamma-yasa-sirī-kāma-payattesu chasu dhammesu bhagasaddo vattati, paramañcassa sakacitte issariyaṃ, aṇimā laghimādikaṃ vā lokiyasammataṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ atthi tathā lokuttaro dhammo lokattayabyāpako yathābhuccaguṇādhigato ativiya parisuddho yaso, rūpakāyadassanabyāvaṭajananayanappasādajananasamatthā sabbākāraparipūrā sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī, yaṃ yaṃ etena icchitaṃ patthitaṃ attahitaṃ parahitaṃ vā, tassa tassa tatheva abhinipphannattā icchiticchi, tattha nipphattisaññito kāmo, sabbalokagarubhāvappattihetubhūto sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto ca atthi; tasmā imehi bhagehi yuttattāpi bhagā assa santīti iminā atthena bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā pana kusalādīhi bhedehi sabbadhamme, khandhāyatana-dhātusacca-indriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhi vā kusalādidhamme, pīḷana-saṅkhata-santāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhamariyasaccaṃ, āyūhana-nidāna-saṃyoga-palibodhaṭṭhena samudayaṃ, nissaraṇavivekāsaṅkhata-amataṭṭhena nirodhaṃ, niyyāna-hetu-dassanādhipateyyaṭṭhena maggaṃ vibhattavā, vibhajitvā vivaritvā desitavāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā vibhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati .
Yasmā ca esa dibbabrahmaariyavihāre kāyacittaupadhiviveke suññatappaṇihitānimittavimokkhe aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulamakāsi, tasmā bhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā pana tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanamanena vantaṃ, tasmā bhavesu vantagamanoti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāraṃ, gamanasaddato gakāraṃ, vantasaddato vakārañca dīghaṃ katvā ādāya bhagavāti vuccati. Yathā loke ‘‘mehanassa khassa mālā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘mekhalā’’ti vuccati.
So imaṃ lokanti so bhagavā imaṃ lokaṃ. Idāni vattabbaṃ nidasseti. Sadevakanti saha devehi sadevakaṃ; evaṃ saha mārena samārakaṃ; saha brahmunā sabrahmakaṃ; saha samaṇabrāhmaṇehi sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ; pajātattā pajā, taṃ pajaṃ; saha devamanussehi sadevamanussaṃ. Tattha sadevakavacanena pañcakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ, samārakavacanena chaṭṭhakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ, sabrahmakavacanena brahmakāyikādibrahmaggahaṇaṃ, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇīvacanena sāsanassa paccatthikapaccāmittasamaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇaṃ, samitapāpa-bāhitapāpa-samaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇañca, pajāvacanena sattalokaggahaṇaṃ, sadevamanussavacanena sammutidevaavasesamanussaggahaṇaṃ. Evamettha tīhi padehi okāsaloko, dvīhi pajāvasena sattaloko gahitoti veditabbo.
Aparo nayo – sadevakaggahaṇena arūpāvacaradevaloko gahito, samārakaggahaṇena chakāmāvacaradevalokā, sabrahmakaggahaṇena rūpībrahmaloko, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇādiggahaṇena catuparisavasena sammutidevehi vā saha manussaloko, avasesasabbasattaloko vā.
Apicettha sadevakavacanena ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato sabbassāpi lokassa sacchikatabhāvaṃ sādhento tassa bhagavato kittisaddo abbhuggato. Tato yesaṃ siyā – ‘‘māro mahānubhāvo chakāmāvacarissaro vasavattī; kiṃ sopi etena sacchikato’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamanto samārakanti abbhuggato. Yesaṃ pana siyā – ‘‘brahmā mahānubhāvo ekaṅguliyā ekasmiṃ cakkavāḷasahasse ālokaṃ pharati, dvīhi…pe… dasahi aṅgulīhi dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu ālokaṃ pharati, anuttarañca jhānasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, kiṃ sopi sacchikato’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamanto sabrahmakanti abbhuggato. Tato yesaṃ siyā – ‘‘puthūsamaṇabrāhmaṇā sāsanapaccatthikā, kiṃ tepi sacchikatā’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamanto sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajanti abbhuggato. Evaṃ ukkaṭṭhukkaṭṭhānaṃ sacchikatabhāvaṃ pakāsetvā atha sammutideve avasesamanusse ca upādāya ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena sesasattalokassa sacchikatabhāvaṃ pakāsento sadevamanussanti abbhuggato. Ayametthānusandhikkamo.
Sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedetīti ettha pana sayanti sāmaṃ, aparaneyyo hutvā; abhiññāti abhiññāya, adhikena ñāṇena ñatvāti attho. Sacchikatvāti paccakkhaṃ katvā, etena anumānādipaṭikkhepo kato hoti. Pavedetīti bodheti ñāpeti pakāseti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ…pe… pariyosānakalyāṇanti so bhagavā sattesu kāruññataṃ paṭicca hitvāpi anuttaraṃ vivekasukhaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Tañca kho appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva deseti.
Kathaṃ? Ekagāthāpi hi samantabhadrakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo . Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathattāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathā paṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇo. Nāthappabhavattā ca pabhavasuddhiyā ādikalyāṇo, atthasuddhiyā majjhekalyāṇo , kiccasuddhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Tasmā eso bhagavā appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva desetīti veditabbo.
Sātthaṃ sabyañjananti evamādīsu pana yasmā imaṃ dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti, nānānayehi dīpeti; tañca yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsana-vivaraṇa-vibhajana-uttānīkaraṇa-paññatti-atthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapada-byañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratā-paṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ; apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ; sikkhattayapariggahitattā brahmabhūtehi seṭṭhehi caritabbato tesañca cariyabhāvato brahmacariyaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti vuccati.
Apica yasmā sanidānaṃ sauppattikañca desento ādikalyāṇaṃ deseti, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ deseti. Evaṃ desento ca brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tañca paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittharaṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhaṃ, seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmabhūtānaṃ buddha-paccekabuddha-buddhasāvakānaṃ cariyato ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuccati. Tasmāpi ‘‘so dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti vuccati.
Sādhu kho panāti sundaraṃ kho pana atthāvahaṃ sukhāvahanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathārūpānaṃ arahatanti yathārūpo so bhava gotamo, evarūpānaṃ yathābhuccaguṇādhigamena loke arahantoti laddhasaddānaṃ arahataṃ. Dassanaṃ hotīti pasādasommāni akkhīni ummīlitvā ‘‘dassanamattampi sādhu hotī’’ti evaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ katvā atha kho verañjo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamīti.
2.Yenāti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. Tasmā yattha bhagavā tattha upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo . Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo, tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo? Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena, sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya. Upasaṅkamīti ca gatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ. Atha vā evaṃ gato tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti.
Bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodīti yathā khamanīyādīni pucchanto bhagavā tena, evaṃ sopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosi, sītodakaṃ viya uṇhodakena sammoditaṃ ekībhāvaṃ agamāsi. Yāya ca ‘‘kacci, bho, gotama, khamanīyaṃ; kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci bhoto gotamassa, ca sāvakānañca appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāro’’tiādikāya kathāya sammodi, taṃ pītipāmojjasaṅkhātaṃ sammodaṃ jananato sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato ca sammodanīyaṃ. Atthabyañjanamadhuratāya sucirampi kālaṃ sāretuṃ nirantaraṃ pavattetuṃ araharūpato saritabbabhāvato ca sāraṇīyaṃ, suyyamānasukhato vā sammodanīyaṃ, anussariyamānasukhato sāraṇīyaṃ. Tathā byañjanaparisuddhatāya sammodanīyaṃ, atthaparisuddhatāya sāraṇīyanti. Evaṃ anekehi pariyāyehi sammodanīyaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ kathaṃ vītisāretvā pariyosāpetvā niṭṭhāpetvā yenatthena āgato taṃ pucchitukāmo ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Ekamantanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso ‘‘visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.70) viya. Tasmā yathā nisinno ekamantaṃ nisinno hoti tathā nisīdīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Nisīdīti upāvisi. Paṇḍitā hi purisā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ nisīdanti. Ayañca tesaṃ aññataro, tasmā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Kathaṃ nisinno pana ekamantaṃ nisinno hotīti? Cha nisajjadose vajjetvā. Seyyathidaṃ – atidūraṃ, accāsannaṃ, uparivātaṃ, unnatappadesaṃ, atisammukhaṃ, atipacchāti. Atidūre nisinno hi sace kathetukāmo hoti uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti. Accāsanne nisinno saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti. Uparivāte nisinno sarīragandhena bādhati. Unnatappadese nisinno agāravaṃ pakāseti. Atisammukhā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Atipacchā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Tasmā ayampi ete cha nisajjadose vajjetvā nisīdi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ekamantaṃ nisīdī’’ti.
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho verañjo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavocāti etanti idāni vattabbamatthaṃ dasseti. Dakāro padasandhikaro. Avocāti abhāsi. Sutaṃ metanti sutaṃ me etaṃ, etaṃ mayā sutanti idāni vattabbamatthaṃ dasseti. Bho gotamāti bhagavantaṃ gottena ālapati.
Idāni yaṃ tena sutaṃ – taṃ dassento na samaṇo gotamoti evamādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā – brāhmaṇeti jātibrāhmaṇe. Jiṇṇeti jajjarībhūte jarāya khaṇḍiccādibhāvaṃ āpādite. Vuḍḍheti aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ vuḍḍhimariyādappatte. Mahallaketi jātimahallakatāya samannāgate, cirakālappasuteti vuttaṃ hoti. Addhagateti addhānaṃ gate , dve tayo rājaparivaṭṭe atīteti adhippāyo. Vayo anuppatteti pacchimavayaṃ sampatte, pacchimavayo nāma vassasatassa pacchimo tatiyabhāgo.
Apica – jiṇṇeti porāṇe, cirakālappavattakulanvayeti vuttaṃ hoti. Vuḍḍheti sīlācārādiguṇavuḍḍhiyutte. Mahallaketi vibhavamahattatāya samannāgate mahaddhane mahābhoge. Addhagateti maggappaṭipanne, brāhmaṇānaṃ vatacariyādimariyādaṃ avītikkamma caramāne. Vayoanuppatteti jātivuḍḍhabhāvaṃ antimavayaṃ anuppatteti evamettha yojanā veditabbā.
Idāni abhivādetīti evamādīni ‘‘na samaṇo gotamo’’ti ettha vuttanakārena yojetvā evamatthato veditabbāni – ‘‘na vandati vā, nāsanā vuṭṭhahati vā, nāpi ‘idha bhonto nisīdantū’ti evaṃ āsanena vā upanimantetī’’ti. Ettha hi vā saddo vibhāvane nāma atthe, ‘‘rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’tiādīsu viya. Evaṃ vatvā atha attano abhivādanādīni akarontaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘tayidaṃ bho gotama tathevā’’ti. Yaṃ taṃ mayā sutaṃ – taṃ tatheva, taṃ savanañca me dassanañca saṃsandati sameti, atthato ekībhāvaṃ gacchati. ‘‘Na hi bhavaṃ gotamo…pe… āsanena vā nimantetī’’ti evaṃ attanā sutaṃ diṭṭhena nigametvā nindanto āha – ‘‘tayidaṃ bho gotama na sampannamevā’’ti taṃ abhivādanādīnaṃ akaraṇaṃ na yuttameva.
Athassa bhagavā attukkaṃsanaparavambhanadosaṃ anupagamma karuṇāsītalahadayena taṃ aññāṇaṃ vidhamitvā yuttabhāvaṃ dassetukāmo āha – ‘‘nāhaṃ taṃ brāhmaṇa…pe… muddhāpi tassa vipateyyā’’ti. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – ‘‘ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, appaṭihatena sabbaññutaññāṇacakkhunā olokentopi taṃ puggalaṃ etasmiṃ sadevakādibhede loke na passāmi, yamahaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ vā paccuṭṭheyyaṃ vā āsanena vā nimanteyyaṃ. Anacchariyaṃ vā etaṃ, yvāhaṃ ajja sabbaññutaṃ patto evarūpaṃ nipaccakārārahaṃ puggalaṃ na passāmi. Apica kho yadāpāhaṃ sampatijātova uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gantvā sakalaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ olokesiṃ; tadāpi etasmiṃ sadevakādibhede loke taṃ puggalaṃ na passāmi, yamahaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ vā paccuṭṭheyyaṃ vā āsanena vā nimanteyyaṃ. Atha kho maṃ soḷasakappasahassāyuko khīṇāsavamahābrahmāpi añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘tvaṃ loke mahāpuriso, tvaṃ sadevakassa lokassa aggo ca jeṭṭho ca seṭṭho ca, natthi tayā uttaritaro’’ti sañjātasomanasso patināmesi; tadāpi cāhaṃ attanā uttaritaraṃ apassanto āsabhiṃ vācaṃ nicchāresiṃ – ‘‘aggohamasmi lokassa, jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, seṭṭhohamasmi lokassā’’ti. Evaṃ sampatijātassapi mayhaṃ abhivādanādiraho puggalo natthi, svāhaṃ idāni sabbaññutaṃ patto kaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ vā…pe… āsanena vā nimanteyyaṃ. Tasmā tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, mā tathāgate evarūpaṃ nipaccakāraṃ patthayittha. Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato abhivādeyya vā…pe… āsanena vā nimanteyya, muddhāpi tassa puggalassa rattipariyosāne paripākasithilabandhanaṃ vaṇṭā pavuttatālaphalamiva gīvato pacchijjitvā sahasāva bhūmiyaṃ vipateyyāti.
3. Evaṃ vuttepi brāhmaṇo duppaññatāya tathāgatassa loke jeṭṭhabhāvaṃ asallakkhento kevalaṃ taṃ vacanaṃ asahamāno āha – ‘‘arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti. Ayaṃ kirassa adhippāyo – yaṃ loke abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ ‘‘sāmaggiraso’’ti vuccati, taṃ bhoto gotamassa natthi , tasmā arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo, arasajātiko arasasabhāvoti. Athassa bhagavā cittamudubhāvajananatthaṃ ujuvipaccanīkabhāvaṃ pariharanto aññathā tassa vacanassatthaṃ attani sandassento ‘‘atthi khvesa brāhmaṇa pariyāyo’’tiādimāha.
Tattha pariyāyoti kāraṇaṃ; ayañhi pariyāyasaddo desanā-vāra-kāraṇesu vattati. ‘‘Madhupiṇḍikapariyāyotveva naṃ dhārehī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.205) hi esa desanāyaṃ vattati. ‘‘Kassa nu kho, ānanda, ajja pariyāyo bhikkhuniyo ovaditu’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.398) vāre. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā aññaṃ pariyāyaṃ ācikkhatu, yathāyaṃ bhikkhusaṅgho aññāya saṇṭhaheyyā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 164) kāraṇe. Svāyamidha kāraṇe vattati . Tasmā ettha evamattho daṭṭhabbo – atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, etaṃ kāraṇaṃ; yena kāraṇena maṃ ‘‘arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti vadamāno puggalo sammā vadeyya, avitathavādīti saṅkhyaṃ gaccheyya. Katamo pana soti? Ye te brāhmaṇa rūparasā…pe… phoṭṭhabbarasā te tathāgatassa pahīnāti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ye te jātivasena vā upapattivasena vā seṭṭhasammatānampi puthujjanānaṃ rūpārammaṇādīni assādentānaṃ abhinandantānaṃ rajjantānaṃ uppajjanti kāmasukhassādasaṅkhātā rūparasasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbarasā, ye imaṃ lokaṃ gīvāya bandhitvā viya āviñchanti, vatthārammaṇādisāmaggiyañca uppannattā sāmaggirasāti vuccanti, te sabbepi tathāgatassa pahīnāti. Mayhaṃ pahīnāti vattabbepi mamākārena attānaṃ anukkhipanto dhammaṃ deseti. Desanāvilāso vā esa bhagavato.
Tattha pahīnāti cittasantānato vigatā jahitā vā. Etasmiṃ panatthe karaṇe sāmivacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ariyamaggasatthena ucchinnaṃ taṇhāvijjāmayaṃ mūlametesanti ucchinnamūlā. Tālavatthu viya nesaṃ vatthu katanti tālāvatthukatā. Yathā hi tālarukkhaṃ samūlaṃ uddharitvā tassa vatthumatte tasmiṃ padese kate na puna tassa tālassa uppatti paññāyati; evaṃ ariyamaggasatthena samūle rūpādirase uddharitvā tesaṃ pubbe uppannapubbabhāvena vatthumatte cittasantāne kate sabbepi te ‘‘tālāvatthukatā’’ti vuccanti. Avirūḷhidhammattā vā matthakacchinnatālo viya katāti tālāvatthukatā. Yasmā pana evaṃ tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā honti, yathā nesaṃ pacchābhāvo na hoti, tathā katā honti; tasmā āha – ‘‘anabhāvaṃkatā’’ti. Ayañhettha padacchedo – anuabhāvaṃ katā anabhāvaṃkatāti. ‘‘Anabhāvaṃ gatā’’tipi pāṭho, tassa anuabhāvaṃ gatāti attho. Tattha padacchedo anuabhāvaṃ gatā anabhāvaṃ gatāti, yathā anuacchariyā anacchariyāti. Āyatiṃ anuppādadhammāti anāgate anuppajjanakasabhāvā. Ye hi abhāvaṃ gatā, te puna kathaṃ uppajjissanti? Tenāha – ‘‘anabhāvaṃ gatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā’’ti.
Ayaṃ kho brāhmaṇa pariyāyoti idaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, kāraṇaṃ yena maṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya ‘‘arasarūpo samaṇo gotamo’’ti. No ca kho yaṃ tvaṃ sandhāya vadesīti yañca kho tvaṃ sandhāya vadesi, so pariyāyo na hoti. Kasmā pana bhagavā evamāha? Nanu evaṃ vutte yo brāhmaṇena vutto sāmaggiraso tassa attani vijjamānatā anuññātā hotīti. Vuccate, na hoti. Yo hi taṃ sāmaggirasaṃ kātuṃ bhabbo hutvā na karoti, so tadabhāvena arasarūpoti vattabbo bhaveyya. Bhagavā pana abhabbova etaṃ kātuṃ, tenassa karaṇe abhabbataṃ pakāsento āha – ‘‘no ca kho yaṃ tvaṃ sandhāya vadesī’’ti. Yaṃ pariyāyaṃ sandhāya tvaṃ maṃ ‘‘arasarūpo’’ti vadesi, so amhesu neva vattabboti.
4. Evaṃ brāhmaṇo attanā adhippetaṃ arasarūpataṃ āropetuṃ asakkonto athāparaṃ nibbhogo bhavaṃ gotamotiādimāha. Sabbapariyāyesu cettha vuttanayeneva yojanakkamaṃ viditvā sandhāya bhāsitamattaṃ evaṃ veditabbaṃ. Brāhmaṇo tameva vayovuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanakammādiṃ loke sāmaggiparibhogoti maññamāno tadabhāvena bhagavantaṃ nibbhogoti āha. Bhagavā pana yvāyaṃ rūpādīsu sattānaṃ chandarāgaparibhogo tadabhāvaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti.
5. Puna brāhmaṇo yaṃ loke vayovuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanādikulasamudācārakammaṃ lokiyā karonti tassa akiriyaṃ sampassamāno bhagavantaṃ akiriyavādoti āha. Bhagavā pana, yasmā kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ akiriyaṃ vadati tasmā, taṃ akiriyavādaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tattha ca kāyaduccaritanti pāṇātipāta-adinnādāna-micchācāracetanā veditabbā. Vacīduccaritanti musāvāda-pisuṇavācā-pharusavācā-samphappalāpacetanā veditabbā. Manoduccaritanti abhijjhābyāpādamicchādiṭṭhiyo veditabbā. Ṭhapetvā te dhamme, avasesā akusalā dhammā ‘‘anekavihitā pāpakā akusalā dhammā’’ti veditabbā.
6. Puna brāhmaṇo tameva abhivādanādikammaṃ bhagavati apassanto imaṃ ‘‘āgamma ayaṃ lokatanti lokapaveṇī ucchijjatī’’ti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ ucchedavādoti āha. Bhagavā pana yasmā aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatacittesu pañcakāmaguṇikarāgassa dvīsu akusalacittesu uppajjamānakadosassa ca anāgāmimaggena ucchedaṃ vadati. Sabbākusalasambhavassa pana niravasesassa mohassa arahattamaggena ucchedaṃ vadati. Ṭhapetvā te tayo, avasesānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ yathānurūpaṃ catūhi maggehi ucchedaṃ vadati; tasmā taṃ ucchedavādaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti.
7. Puna brāhmaṇo ‘‘jigucchati maññe samaṇo gotamo idaṃ vayovuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanādikulasamudācārakammaṃ, tena taṃ na karotī’’ti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ jegucchīti āha. Bhagavā pana yasmā jigucchati kāyaduccaritādīhi; kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ? Yañca tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ, yañca catubbidhaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ, yañca tividhaṃ manoduccaritaṃ, yā ca ṭhapetvā tāni duccaritāni avasesānaṃ lāmakaṭṭhena pāpakānaṃ akosallasambhūtaṭṭhena akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpatti samāpajjanā samaṅgibhāvo, taṃ sabbampi gūthaṃ viya maṇḍanakajātiyo puriso jigucchati hirīyati, tasmā taṃ jegucchitaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tattha ‘‘kāyaduccaritenā’’ti upayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
8. Puna brāhmaṇo tameva abhivādanādikammaṃ bhagavati apassanto ‘‘ayaṃ imaṃ lokajeṭṭhakakammaṃ vineti vināseti, atha vā yasmā etaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ na karoti tasmā ayaṃ vinetabbo niggaṇhitabbo’’ti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ venayikoti āha. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – vinayatīti vinayo, vināsetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Vinayo eva venayiko, vinayaṃ vā arahatīti venayiko, niggahaṃ arahatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavā pana, yasmā rāgādīnaṃ vinayāya vūpasamāya dhammaṃ deseti, tasmā venayiko hoti. Ayameva cettha padattho – vinayāya dhammaṃ desetīti venayiko. Vicitrā hi taddhitavutti! Svāyaṃ taṃ venayikabhāvaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti.
9. Puna brāhmaṇo yasmā abhivādanādīni sāmīcikammāni karontā vayovuḍḍhe tosenti hāsenti, akarontā pana tāpenti vihesenti domanassaṃ nesaṃ uppādenti, bhagavā ca tāni na karoti; tasmā ‘‘ayaṃ vayovuḍḍhe tapatī’’ti maññamāno sappurisācāravirahitattā vā ‘‘kapaṇapuriso aya’’nti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ tapassīti āha. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – tapatīti tapo, roseti vihesetīti vuttaṃ hoti, sāmīcikammākaraṇassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Tapo assa atthīti tapassī. Dutiye atthavikappe byañjanāni avicāretvā loke kapaṇapuriso ‘‘tapassī’’ti vuccati. Bhagavā pana ye akusalā dhammā lokaṃ tapanato tapanīyāti vuccanti, tesaṃ pahīnattā yasmā tapassīti saṅkhyaṃ gato, tasmā taṃ tapassitaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – tapantīti tapā, akusaladhammānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vuttampi hetaṃ – ‘‘idha tappati pecca tappatī’’ti. Tathā te tape assi nirassi pahāsi viddhaṃsesīti tapassī.
10. Puna brāhmaṇo taṃ abhivādanādikammaṃ devalokagabbhasampattiyā devalokapaṭisandhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattatīti maññamāno bhagavati cassa abhāvaṃ disvā bhagavantaṃ apagabbhoti āha. Kodhavasena vā bhagavato mātukucchismiṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇe dosaṃ dassentopi evamāha. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – gabbhato apagatoti apagabbho, abhabbo devalokūpapattiṃ pāpuṇitunti adhippāyo. Hīno vā gabbho assāti apagabbho, devalokagabbhaparibāhirattā āyatiṃ hīnagabbhapaṭilābhabhāgīti, hīno vāssa mātukucchimhi gabbhavāso ahosīti adhippāyo. Bhagavato pana yasmā āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā apagatā, tasmā so taṃ apagabbhataṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tatra ca yassa kho brāhmaṇa āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā punabbhavābhinibbatti pahīnāti etesaṃ padānaṃ evamattho daṭṭhabbo – brāhmaṇa, yassa puggalassa anāgate gabbhaseyyā, punabbhave ca abhinibbatti anuttarena maggena vihatakāraṇattā pahīnāti. Gabbhaseyyaggahaṇena cettha jalābujayoni gahitā. Punabbhavābhinibbattiggahaṇena itarā tissopi.
Apica gabbhassa seyyā gabbhaseyyā, punabbhavo eva abhinibbatti punabbhavābhinibbattīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yathā ca viññāṇaṭṭhitīti vuttepi na viññāṇato aññā ṭhiti atthi, evamidhāpi na gabbhato aññā seyyāti veditabbā. Abhinibbatti ca nāma yasmā punabbhavabhūtāpi apunabbhavabhūtāpi atthi, idha ca punabbhavabhūtā adhippetā. Tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘punabbhavo eva abhinibbatti punabbhavābhinibbattī’’ti.
11. Evaṃ āgatakālato paṭṭhāya arasarūpatādīhi aṭṭhahi akkosavatthūhi akkosantampi brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā dhammissaro dhammarājā dhammassāmī tathāgato anukampāya sītaleneva cakkhunā olokento yaṃ dhammadhātuṃ paṭivijjhitvā desanāvilāsappatto hoti, tassā dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā vigatavalāhake antalikkhe samabbhuggato puṇṇacando viya saradakāle sūriyo viya ca brāhmaṇassa hadayandhakāraṃ vidhamanto tāniyeva akkosavatthūni tena tena pariyāyena aññathā dassetvā, punapi attano karuṇāvipphāraṃ aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi akampiyabhāvena paṭiladdhaṃ, tādiguṇalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīsamacittataṃ akuppadhammatañca pakāsento ‘‘ayaṃ brāhmaṇo kevalaṃ palitasirakhaṇḍadantavalittacatādīhi attano vuḍḍhabhāvaṃ sañjānāti, no ca kho jānāti attānaṃ jātiyā anugataṃ jarāya anusaṭaṃ byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ maraṇena abbhāhataṃ vaṭṭakhāṇubhūtaṃ ajja maritvā puna sveva uttānasayanadārakabhāvagamanīyaṃ. Mahantena kho pana ussāhena mama santikaṃ āgato, tadassa āgamanaṃ sātthakaṃ hotū’’ti cintetvā imasmiṃ loke attano appaṭisamaṃ purejātabhāvaṃ dassento seyyathāpi brāhmaṇātiādinā nayena brāhmaṇassa dhammadesanaṃ vaḍḍhesi.
Tattha seyyathāti opammatthe nipāto; pīti sambhāvanatthe; ubhayenāpi yathā nāma brāhmaṇāti dasseti. Kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vāti ettha pana kiñcāpi kukkuṭiyā vuttappakārato ūnādhikānipi aṇḍāni honti, atha kho vacanasiliṭṭhatāya evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Evañhi loke siliṭṭhavacanaṃ hoti. Tānassūti tāni assu, bhaveyyunti vuttaṃ hoti. Kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitānīti tāya janettiyā kukkuṭiyā pakkhe pasāretvā tesaṃ upari sayantiyā sammā adhisayitāni. Sammā pariseditānīti kālena kālaṃ utuṃ gaṇhāpentiyā suṭṭhu samantato seditāni, usmīkatānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sammā paribhāvitānīti kālena kālaṃ suṭṭhu samantato bhāvitāni, kukkuṭagandhaṃ gāhāpitānīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Idāni yasmā tāya kukkuṭiyā evaṃ tīhi pakārehi tāni aṇḍāni paripāliyamānāni na pūtīni honti. Yopi nesaṃ allasineho so pariyādānaṃ gacchati. Kapālaṃ tanukaṃ hoti, pādanakhasikhā ca mukhatuṇḍakañca kharaṃ hoti, kukkuṭapotakā paripākaṃ gacchanti, kapālassa tanukattā bahiddhā āloko anto paññāyati. Atha te kukkuṭapotakā ‘‘ciraṃ vata mayaṃ saṅkuṭitahatthapādā sambādhe sayimha, ayañca bahi āloko dissati, ettha dāni no sukhavihāro bhavissatī’’ti nikkhamitukāmā hutvā kapālaṃ pādena paharanti, gīvaṃ pasārenti. Tato taṃ kapālaṃ dvedhā bhijjati, kukkuṭapotakā pakkhe vidhunantā taṅkhaṇānurūpaṃ viravantā nikkhamanti. Evaṃ nikkhamantānañca nesaṃ yo paṭhamataraṃ nikkhamati so ‘jeṭṭho’ti vuccati. Tasmā bhagavā tāya upamāya attano jeṭṭhakabhāvaṃ sādhetukāmo brāhmaṇaṃ pucchi – ‘‘yo nu kho tesaṃ kukkuṭacchāpakānaṃ…pe… kinti svassa vacanīyo’’ti. Tattha kukkuṭacchāpakānanti kukkuṭapotakānaṃ. Kinti svassa vacanīyoti so kinti vacanīyo assa, kinti vattabbo bhaveyya jeṭṭho vā kaniṭṭho vāti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.
Tato brāhmaṇo āha – ‘‘jeṭṭhotissa bho gotama vacanīyo’’ti. Bho, gotama, so jeṭṭho iti assa vacanīyo. Kasmāti ce? So hi nesaṃ jeṭṭho, tasmā so nesaṃ vuḍḍhataroti attho. Athassa bhagavā opammaṃ sampaṭipādento āha – ‘‘evameva kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇā’’tiādi. Yathā so kukkuṭacchāpako jeṭṭhoti saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; evaṃ ahampi avijjāgatāya pajāya. Avijjāgatāyāti avijjā vuccati aññāṇaṃ, tattha gatāya. Pajāyāti sattādhivacanametaṃ. Tasmā ettha avijjaṇḍakosassa anto paviṭṭhesu sattesūti evaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo. Aṇḍabhūtāyāti aṇḍe bhūtāya jātāya sañjātāya. Yathā hi aṇḍe nibbattā ekacce sattā aṇḍabhūtāti vuccanti; evamayaṃ sabbāpi pajā avijjaṇḍakose nibbattattā aṇḍabhūtāti vuccati. Pariyonaddhāyāti tena avijjaṇḍakosena samantato onaddhāya baddhāya veṭhitāya . Avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvāti taṃ avijjāmayaṃ aṇḍakosaṃ bhinditvā . Ekova loketi sakalepi lokasannivāse ahameva eko adutiyo. Anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti anuttaranti uttaravirahitaṃ sabbaseṭṭhaṃ. Sammāsambodhinti sammā sāmañca bodhiṃ; atha vā pasatthaṃ sundarañca bodhiṃ; bodhīti rukkhopi maggopi sabbaññutaññāṇampi nibbānampi vuccati. ‘‘Bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho’’ti (mahāva. 1; udā. 1) ca ‘‘antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhi’’nti (mahāva. 11; ma. ni. 1.285) ca āgataṭṭhānesu hi rukkho bodhīti vuccati. ‘‘Bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇa’’nti (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) āgataṭṭhāne maggo. ‘‘Pappoti bodhiṃ varabhūrimedhaso’’ti (dī. ni. 3.217) āgataṭṭhāne sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ. ‘‘Patvāna bodhiṃ amataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti āgataṭṭhāne nibbānaṃ. Idha pana bhagavato arahattamaggañāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Sabbaññutaññāṇantipi vadanti. Aññesaṃ arahattamaggo anuttarā bodhi hoti, na hotīti? Na hoti. Kasmā? Asabbaguṇadāyakattā. Tesañhi kassaci arahattamaggo arahattaphalameva deti, kassaci tisso vijjā, kassaci cha abhiññā, kassaci catasso paṭisambhidā, kassaci sāvakapāramiñāṇaṃ. Paccekabuddhānampi paccekabodhiñāṇameva deti. Buddhānaṃ pana sabbaguṇasampattiṃ deti, abhiseko viya rañño sabbalokissariyabhāvaṃ. Tasmā aññassa kassacipi anuttarā bodhi na hotīti. Abhisambuddhoti abbhaññāsiṃ paṭivijjhiṃ; pattomhi adhigatomhīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Idāni yadetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘evameva kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇā’’ti ādinā nayena vuttaṃ opammasampaṭipādanaṃ, taṃ evamatthena saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā veditabbaṃ. Yathā hi tassā kukkuṭiyā attano aṇḍesu adhisayanāditividhakiriyākaraṇaṃ; evaṃ bodhipallaṅke nisinnassa bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato attano cittasantāne aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattāti tividhānupassanākaraṇaṃ. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyāsampādanena aṇḍānaṃ apūtibhāvo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇassa aparihāni. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena aṇḍānaṃ allasinehapariyādānaṃ viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena bhavattayānugatanikantisinehapariyādānaṃ. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena aṇḍakapālānaṃ tanubhāvo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena avijjaṇḍakosassa tanubhāvo. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena kukkuṭacchāpakassa pādanakhasikhātuṇḍakānaṃ thaddhakharabhāvo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇassa tikkhakharavippasannasūrabhāvo. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena kukkuṭacchāpakassa paripākakālo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇassa paripākakālo vaḍḍhitakālo gabbhaggahaṇakālo veditabbo.
Tato kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena kukkuṭacchāpakassa pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā pakkhe papphoṭetvā sotthinā abhinibbhidākālo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā anupubbādhigatena arahattamaggena avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā abhiññāpakkhe papphoṭetvā sotthinā sakalabuddhaguṇasacchikatakālo veditabboti.
Svāhaṃ brāhmaṇa jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassāti so ahaṃ brāhmaṇa yathā tesaṃ kukkuṭapotakānaṃ paṭhamataraṃ aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā abhinibbhido kukkuṭapotako jeṭṭho hoti; evaṃ avijjāgatāya pajāya taṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā paṭhamataraṃ ariyāya jātiyā jātattā jeṭṭho vuḍḍhataroti saṅkhyaṃ gato. Sabbaguṇehi pana appaṭisamattā seṭṭhoti.
Evaṃ bhagavā attano anuttaraṃ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ brāhmaṇassa pakāsetvā idāni yāya paṭipadāya taṃ adhigato taṃ paṭipadaṃ pubbabhāgato pabhuti dassetuṃ ‘‘āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇā’’tiādimāha. Imaṃ vā bhagavato anuttaraṃ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ sutvā brāhmaṇassa cittamevamuppannaṃ – ‘‘kāya nu kho paṭipadāya imaṃ patto’’ti. Tassa cittamaññāya ‘‘imāyāhaṃ paṭipadāya imaṃ anuttaraṃ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ patto’’ti dassento evamāha. Tattha āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇa vīriyaṃ ahosīti brāhmaṇa, na mayā ayaṃ anuttaro jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvo kusītena muṭṭhassatinā sāraddhakāyena vikkhittacittena adhigato, apica kho tadadhigamāya āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ ahosi, bodhimaṇḍe nisinnena mayā caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ vīriyaṃ āraddhaṃ ahosi, paggahitaṃ asithilappavattitanti vuttaṃ hoti. Āraddhattāyeva ca me taṃ asallīnaṃ ahosi. Na kevalañca vīriyameva, satipi me ārammaṇābhimukhībhāvena upaṭṭhitā ahosi. Upaṭṭhitattāyeva ca asammuṭṭhā. Passaddho kāyo asāraddhoti kāyacittapassaddhivasena kāyopi me passaddho ahosi . Tattha yasmā nāmakāye passaddhe rūpakāyopi passaddhoyeva hoti, tasmā nāmakāyo rūpakāyoti avisesetvāva passaddho kāyoti vuttaṃ. Asāraddhoti so ca kho passaddhattāyeva asāraddho, vigatadarathoti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekagganti cittampi me sammā āhitaṃ suṭṭhu ṭhapitaṃ appitaṃ viya ahosi; samāhitattā eva ca ekaggaṃ acalaṃ nipphandananti. Ettāvatā jhānassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadā kathitā hoti.
Paṭhamajjhānakathā
Idāni imāya paṭipadāya adhigataṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ ādiṃ katvā vijjattayapariyosānaṃ visesaṃ dassento ‘‘so kho aha’’nti ādimāha. Tattha vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehītiādīnaṃ kiñcāpi ‘‘tattha katame kāmā? Chando kāmo, rāgo kāmo, chandarāgo kāmo; saṅkappo kāmo, rāgo kāmo, saṅkapparāgo kāmo – ime vuccanti kāmā. Tattha katame akusalā dhammā? Kāmacchando…pe… vicikicchā – ime vuccanti akusalā dhammā. Iti imehi ca kāmehi imehi ca akusalehi dhammehi vivitto hoti pavivitto, tena vuccati – ‘vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī’’’tiādinā (vibha. 564) nayena vibhaṅgeyeva attho vutto. Tathāpi aṭṭhakathānayaṃ vinā na suṭṭhu pākaṭoti aṭṭhakathānayeneva naṃ pakāsayissāma.
Seyyathidaṃ – vivicceva kāmehīti kāmehi viviccitvā vinā hutvā apasakketvā. Yo panāyamettha evakāro, so niyamatthoti veditabbo. Yasmā ca niyamattho, tasmā tasmiṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇasamaye avijjamānānampi kāmānaṃ tassa paṭhamajjhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ kāmapariccāgeneva cassa adhigamaṃ dīpeti. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Vivicceva kāmehī’’ti evañhi niyame kariyamāne idaṃ paññāyati. Nūnimassa jhānassa kāmā paṭipakkhabhūtā, yesu sati idaṃ na pavattati, andhakāre sati padīpo viya, tesaṃ pariccāgeneva cassa adhigamo hoti, orimatīrapariccāgena pārimatīrasseva, tasmā niyamaṃ karotīti.
Tattha siyā – ‘‘kasmā panesa pubbapadeyeva vutto na uttarapade, kiṃ akusalehi dhammehi aviviccāpi jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyā’’ti? Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tannissaraṇato hi pubbapadeeva esa vutto. Kāmadhātusamatikkamanato hi kāmarāgapaṭipakkhato ca idaṃ jhānaṃ kāmānameva nissaraṇaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, yadidaṃ nekkhamma’’nti (itivu. 72). Uttarapadepi pana yathā ‘‘idheva, bhikkhave, paṭhamo samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.139) ettha evakāro ānetvā vuccati, evaṃ vattabbo. Na hi sakkā ito aññehipi nīvaraṇasaṅkhātehi akusalehi dhammehi avivicca jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ . Tasmā ‘‘vivicceva kāmehi vivicceva akusalehi dhammehī’’ti evaṃ padadvayepi esa daṭṭhabbo. Padadvayepi ca kiñcāpi ‘‘viviccā’’ti iminā sādhāraṇavacanena tadaṅgavivekādayo kāyavivekādayo ca sabbepi vivekā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti. Tathāpi kāyaviveko, cittaviveko, vikkhambhanavivekoti tayo eva idha daṭṭhabbā. ‘‘Kāmehī’’ti iminā pana padena ye ca niddese ‘‘katame vatthukāmā manāpiyā rūpā’’tiādinā (mahāni. 1; vibha. 964) nayena vatthukāmā vuttā, ye ca tattheva vibhaṅge ca ‘‘chando kāmo’’tiādinā (mahāni. 1) nayena kilesakāmā vuttā, te sabbepi saṅgahitā icceva daṭṭhabbā. Evañhi sati ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’ti vatthukāmehipi viviccevāti attho yujjati. Tena kāyaviveko vutto hoti.
Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti kilesakāmehi sabbākusalehi dhammehi vā viviccāti attho yujjati. Tena cittaviveko vutto hoti. Purimena cettha vatthukāmehi vivekavacanatoyeva kāmasukhapariccāgo, dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato nekkhammasukhapariggaho vibhāvito hoti. Evaṃ vatthukāmakilesakāmavivekavacanatoyeva ca etesaṃ paṭhamena saṃkilesavatthuppahānaṃ, dutiyena saṃkilesappahānaṃ; paṭhamena lolabhāvassa hetupariccāgo, dutiyena bālabhāvassa; paṭhamena ca payogasuddhi, dutiyena āsayaposanaṃ vibhāvitaṃ hotīti viññātabbaṃ. Esa tāva nayo ‘‘kāmehī’’ti ettha vuttakāmesu vatthukāmapakkhe.
Kilesakāmapakkhe pana chandoti ca rāgoti ca evamādīhi anekabhedo kāmacchandoyeva kāmoti adhippeto. So ca akusalapariyāpannopi samāno, ‘‘tattha katamo kāmachando kāmo’’tiādinā nayena vibhaṅge jhānapaṭipakkhato visuṃ vutto. Kilesakāmattā vā purimapade vutto, akusalapariyāpannattā dutiyapade. Anekabhedato cassa kāmatoti avatvā kāmehīti vuttaṃ. Aññesampi ca dhammānaṃ akusalabhāve vijjamāne ‘‘tattha katame akusalā dhammā kāmacchando’’tiādinā nayena vibhaṅge (vibha. 564) uparijhānaṅgapaccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato nīvaraṇāneva vuttāni. Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni, tesaṃ jhānaṅgāneva paṭipakkhāni, viddhaṃsakānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi ‘‘samādhi kāmacchandassa paṭipakkho, pīti byāpādassa, vitakko thinamiddhassa, sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassa, vicāro vicikicchāyā’’ti peṭake vuttaṃ.
Evamettha ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’ti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti. ‘‘Vivicca akusalehi dhammehī’’ti iminā pañcannampi nīvaraṇānaṃ. Aggahitaggahaṇena pana paṭhamena kāmacchandassa, dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ. Tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassa lobhassa, dutiyena āghātavatthubhedādivisayānaṃ dosamohānaṃ. Oghādīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmogha-kāmayoga-kāmāsava-kāmupādāna-abhijjhākāyagantha-kāmarāga-saṃyojanānaṃ, dutiyena avasesaogha-yogāsava-upādāna-gantha-saṃyojanānaṃ. Paṭhamena ca taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañca, dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañca. Apica paṭhamena lobhasampayuttaaṭṭhacittuppādānaṃ, dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti veditabbo. Ayaṃ tāva ‘‘vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī’’ti ettha atthappakāsanā.
Ettāvatā ca paṭhamassa jhānassa pahānaṅgaṃ dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgaṃ dassento savitakkaṃ savicārantiādimāha. Tattha vitakkanaṃ vitakko, ūhananti vuttaṃ hoti. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇo, āhananapariyāhananaraso. Tathā hi ‘‘tena yogāvacaro ārammaṇaṃ vitakkāhataṃ vitakkapariyāhataṃ karotī’’ti vuccati. Ārammaṇe cittassa ānayanapaccupaṭṭhāno. Vicaraṇaṃ vicāro, anusañcaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇānumajjanalakkhaṇo, tattha sahajātānuyojanaraso, cittassa anuppabandhanapaccupaṭṭhāno. Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge oḷārikaṭṭhena ghaṇṭābhighātasaddo viya cetaso paṭhamābhinipāto vitakko, sukhumaṭṭhena anuravo viya anuppabandho vicāro. Vipphāravā cettha vitakko paripphandanabhāvo cittassa, ākāse uppatitukāmassa pakkhino pakkhavikkhepo viya padumābhimukhapāto viya ca gandhānubandhacetaso bhamarassa. Santavutti vicāro nātiparipphandanabhāvo cittassa, ākāse uppatitassa pakkhino pakkhappasāraṇaṃ viya paribbhamanaṃ viya ca padumābhimukhapatitassa bhamarassa padumassa uparibhāge. So pana nesaṃ viseso paṭhama-dutiyajjhānesu pākaṭo hoti. Iti iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena saha vattati rukkho viya pupphena ca phalena cāti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘savitakkaṃ savicāra’’nti vuccati. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena upeto hoti samupeto’’tiādinā (vibha. 565) nayena puggalādhiṭṭhānā desanā katā. Attho pana tatrāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo.
Vivekajanti ettha vivitti viveko, nīvaraṇavigamoti attho. Vivittoti vā viveko, nīvaraṇavivitto jhānasampayuttadhammarāsīti attho. Tasmā vivekā, tasmiṃ vā viveke jātanti vivekajaṃ. Pītisukhanti ettha pinayatīti pīti, sā sampiyāyanalakkhaṇā kāyacittapīnanarasā , pharaṇarasā vā, odagyapaccupaṭṭhānā. Sukhanaṃ sukhaṃ, suṭṭhu vā khādati khanati ca kāyacittābādhanti sukhaṃ, taṃ sātalakkhaṇaṃ, sampayuttakānaṃ upabrūhanarasaṃ, anuggahapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Satipi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge iṭṭhārammaṇapaṭilābhatuṭṭhi pīti, paṭiladdharasānubhavanaṃ sukhaṃ. Yattha pīti tattha sukhaṃ, yattha sukhaṃ tattha na niyamato pīti. Saṅkhārakkhandhasaṅgahitā pīti, vedanākkhandhasaṅgahitaṃ sukhaṃ. Kantārakhinnassa vanantodakadassanasavanesu viya pīti, vanacchāyappavesanaudakaparibhogesu viya sukhaṃ. Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye pākaṭabhāvato cetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ayañca pīti, idañca sukhaṃ, assa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘pītisukha’’nti vuccati.
Atha vā pīti ca sukhañca pītisukhaṃ, dhammavinayādayo viya. Vivekajaṃ pītisukhamassa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti evampi vivekajaṃpītisukhaṃ. Yatheva hi jhānaṃ, evaṃ pītisukhaṃ pettha vivekajameva hoti, tañcassa atthīti tasmā ekapadeneva ‘‘vivekajaṃ pītisukha’’ntipi vattuṃ yujjati. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘idaṃ sukhaṃ imāya pītiyā sahagata’’ntiādinā (vibha. 567) nayenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Attho pana tatrāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo.
Paṭhamanti gaṇanānupubbatā paṭhamaṃ, idaṃ paṭhamaṃ samāpajjatītipi paṭhamaṃ. Paccanīkadhamme jhāpetīti jhānaṃ, iminā yogino jhāyantītipi jhānaṃ, paccanīkadhamme ḍahanti gocaraṃ vā cintentīti attho. Sayaṃ vā taṃ jhāyati upanijjhāyatīti jhānaṃ, teneva upanijjhāyanalakkhaṇanti vuccati. Tadetaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānaṃ , lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti duvidhaṃ hoti. Tattha ārammaṇūpanijjhānanti saha upacārena aṭṭha samāpattiyo vuccanti. Kasmā? Kasiṇādiārammaṇūpanijjhāyanato. Lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti vipassanāmaggaphalāni vuccanti. Kasmā? Lakkhaṇūpanijjhāyanato. Ettha hi vipassanā aniccalakkhaṇādīni upanijjhāyati, vipassanāya upanijjhāyanakiccaṃ pana maggena sijjhatīti maggo lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti vuccati. Phalaṃ pana nirodhassa tathalakkhaṇaṃ upanijjhāyatīti lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti vuccati. Imasmiṃ panatthe ārammaṇūpanijjhānameva jhānanti adhippetaṃ.
Etthāha – ‘‘katamaṃ pana taṃ jhānaṃ nāma, yaṃ savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ…pe… pītisukhanti evaṃ apadesaṃ arahatī’’ti? Vuccate – yathā sadhano saparijanotiādīsu ṭhapetvā dhanañca parijanañca añño apadesāraho hoti, evaṃ ṭhapetvā vitakkādidhamme aññaṃ apadesārahaṃ natthi. Yathā pana sarathā sapatti senāti vutte senaṅgesuyeva senāsammuti, evamidha pañcasu aṅgesuyeva jhānasammuti veditabbā. Katamesu pañcasu? Vitakko, vicāro, pīti, sukhaṃ, cittekaggatāti etesu. Etāneva hissa ‘‘savitakkaṃ savicāra’’ntiādinā nayena aṅgabhāvena vuttāni. Avuttattā ekaggatā aṅgaṃ na hotīti ce tañca na. Kasmā? Vuttattā eva. Sāpi hi vibhaṅge ‘‘jhānanti vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā’’ti evaṃ vuttāyeva. Tasmā yathā savitakkaṃ savicāranti, evaṃ sacittekaggatanti idha avuttepi iminā vibhaṅgavacanena cittekaggatāpi aṅgamevāti veditabbā. Yena hi adhippāyena bhagavatā uddeso kato, so eva tena vibhaṅgepi pakāsitoti.
Upasampajjāti upagantvā, pāpuṇitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasampādayitvā vā, nipphādetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘upasampajjāti paṭhamassa jhānassa lābho paṭilābho patti sampatti phusanā samphusanā sacchikiriyā upasampadā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tassāpi evamevattho veditabbo. Vihāsinti bodhimaṇḍe nisajjasaṅkhātena iriyāpathavihārena itivuttappakārajhānasamaṅgī hutvā attabhāvassa iriyaṃ vuttiṃ pālanaṃ yapanaṃ yāpanaṃ cāraṃ vihāraṃ abhinipphādesinti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ vibhaṅge – ‘‘viharatīti iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati, tena vuccati viharatī’’ti (vibha. 512).
Kiṃ pana katvā bhagavā imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsīti? Kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā. Kataraṃ? Ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ. Aññena tadatthikena kiṃ kātabbanti? Aññenapi etaṃ vā kammaṭṭhānaṃ pathavīkasiṇādīnaṃ vā aññataraṃ bhāvetabbaṃ. Tesaṃ bhāvanānayo visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.55) vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Idha pana vuccamāne atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ hoti, tasmā pāḷiyā atthappakāsanamattameva karomāti.
Paṭhamajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.
Dutiyajjhānakathā
Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti vitakkassa ca vicārassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ vūpasamā samatikkamā; dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe apātubhāvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kiñcāpi dutiyajjhāne sabbepi paṭhamajjhānadhammā na santi, aññeyeva hi paṭhamajjhāne phassādayo, aññe idha; oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ adhigamo hotīti dīpanatthaṃ ‘‘vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā’’ti evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ajjhattanti idha niyakajjhattamadhippetaṃ. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ajjhattaṃ paccatta’’nti (vibha. 573) ettakameva vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana niyakajjhattaṃ adhippetaṃ, tasmā attani jātaṃ attano santāne nibbattanti ayamettha attho.
Sampasādananti sampasādanaṃ vuccati saddhā. Sampasādanayogato jhānampi sampasādanaṃ, nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viya. Yasmā vā taṃ jhānaṃ sampasādanasamannāgatattā vitakkavicārakkhobhavūpasamanena ceto sampasādayati, tasmāpi sampasādananti vuttaṃ. Imasmiñca atthavikappe sampasādanaṃ cetasoti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo. Purimasmiṃ pana atthavikappe cetasoti etaṃ ekodibhāvena saddhiṃ yojetabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ atthayojanā – eko udetīti ekodi, vitakkavicārehi anajjhārūḷhattā aggo seṭṭho hutvā udetīti attho. Seṭṭhopi hi loke ekoti vuccati. Vitakkavicāravirahato vā eko asahāyo hutvātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Atha vā sampayuttadhamme udāyatīti udi, uṭṭhāpetīti attho. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena eko ca so udi cāti ekodi, samādhissetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Iti imaṃ ekodiṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhayatīti idaṃ dutiyajjhānaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ. So panāyaṃ ekodi yasmā cetaso, na sattassa na jīvassa, tasmā etaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvanti vuttaṃ.
Nanu cāyaṃ saddhā paṭhamajjhānepi atthi, ayañca ekodināmako samādhi; atha kasmā idameva sampasādanaṃ ‘‘cetaso ekodibhāvañcā’’ti vuttanti? Vuccate – aduñhi paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakkavicārakkhobhena vīcitaraṅgasamākulamiva jalaṃ na suppasannaṃ hoti, tasmā satiyāpi saddhāya sampasādananti na vuttaṃ. Na suppasannattāyeva cettha samādhipi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo, tasmā ekodibhāvantipi na vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana jhāne vitakkavicārapalibodhābhāvena laddhokāsā balavatī saddhā, balavasaddhāsahāyappaṭilābheneva ca samādhipi pākaṭo; tasmā idameva evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘sampasādananti yā saddhā saddahanā okappanā abhippasādo, cetaso ekodibhāvanti yā cittassa ṭhiti…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti ettakameva vuttaṃ. Evaṃ vuttena panetena saddhiṃ ayaṃ atthavaṇṇanā yathā na virujjhati aññadatthu saṃsandati ceva sameti ca evaṃ veditabbā.
Avitakkaṃ avicāranti bhāvanāya pahīnattā etasmiṃ etassa vā vitakko natthīti avitakkaṃ. Imināva nayena avicāraṃ. Vibhaṅgepi (vibha. 576) vuttaṃ ‘‘iti ayañca vitakko ayañca vicāro santā honti samitā vūpasantā atthaṅgatā abbhatthaṅgatā appitā byappitā sositā visositā byantīkatā, tena vuccati avitakkaṃ avicāra’’nti.
Etthāha – nanu ca ‘‘vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti imināpi ayamattho siddho, atha kasmā puna vuttaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāra’’nti? Vuccate – evametaṃ siddho vāyamattho, na panetaṃ tadatthadīpakaṃ; nanu avocumha – ‘‘oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ adhigamo hotīti dīpanatthaṃ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti evaṃ vutta’’nti.
Apica vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ sampasādanaṃ, na kilesakālusiyassa. Vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā ekodibhāvaṃ na upacārajjhānamiva nīvaraṇappahānā, na paṭhamajjhānamiva ca aṅgapātubhāvāti evaṃ sampasādanaekodibhāvānaṃ hetuparidīpakamidaṃ vacanaṃ. Tathā vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ avitakkaavicāraṃ, na tatiyacatutthajjhānāni viya cakkhuviññāṇādīni viya ca abhāvāti evaṃ avitakkaavicārabhāvassa hetuparidīpakañca, na vitakkavicārābhāvamattaparidīpakaṃ. Vitakkavicārābhāvamattaparidīpakameva pana ‘‘avitakkaṃ avicāra’’nti idaṃ vacanaṃ, tasmā purimaṃ vatvāpi puna vattabbamevāti.
Samādhijanti paṭhamajjhānasamādhito sampayuttasamādhito vā jātanti attho. Tattha kiñcāpi paṭhamampi sampayuttasamādhito jātaṃ, atha kho ayameva ‘‘samādhī’’ti vattabbataṃ arahati vitakkavicārakkhobhavirahena ativiya acalattā suppasannattā ca. Tasmā imassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ idameva ‘‘samādhija’’nti vuttaṃ. Pītisukhanti idaṃ vuttanayameva.
Dutiyanti gaṇanānupubbato dutiyaṃ, idaṃ dutiyaṃ samāpajjatītipi dutiyaṃ. Jhānanti ettha pana yathā paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakkādīhi pañcaṅgikaṃ hoti, evamidaṃ sampasādādīhi ‘‘caturaṅgika’’nti veditabbaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘jhānanti sampasādo, pīti, sukhaṃ, cittassekaggatā’’ti (vibha. 580). Pariyāyoyeva ceso. Sampasādanaṃ pana ṭhapetvā nippariyāyena tivaṅgikamevetaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye tivaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti? Pīti, sukhaṃ, cittassekaggatā’’ti (dha. sa. 161). Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
Dutiyajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.
Tatiyajjhānakathā
Pītiyāca virāgāti ettha vuttatthāyeva pīti. Virāgoti tassā jigucchanaṃ vā samatikkamo vā. Ubhinnamantarā ‘‘ca’’ saddo sampiṇḍanattho, so hi vūpasamaṃ vā sampiṇḍeti vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ vā. Tattha yadā vūpasamameva sampiṇḍeti, tadā pītiyā virāgā ca, kiñca bhiyyo vūpasamā cāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Imissā ca yojanāyaṃ virāgo jigucchanattho hoti. Tasmā pītiyā jigucchanā ca vūpasamā cāti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo. Yadā pana vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ sampiṇḍeti, tadā pītiyā ca virāgā, kiñca bhiyyo vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Imissā ca yojanāyaṃ virāgo samatikkamanattho hoti. Tasmā pītiyā ca samatikkamā, vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamāti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo.
Kāmañcete vitakkavicārā dutiyajjhāneyeva vūpasantā imassa pana jhānassa maggaparidīpanatthaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthañcetaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā’’ti hi vutte idaṃ paññāyati – ‘‘nūna vitakkavicāravūpasamo maggo imassa jhānassā’’ti. Yathā ca tatiye ariyamagge appahīnānampi sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ ‘‘pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.132) evaṃ pahānaṃ vuccamānaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti tadadhigamāya ussukānaṃ ussāhajanakaṃ; evamevaṃ idha avūpasantānampi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo vuccamāno vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti. Tenāyamattho vutto – ‘‘pītiyā ca samatikkamā, vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā’’ti.
Upekkhako ca vihāsinti ettha upapattito ikkhatīti upekkhā, samaṃ passati, apakkhapatitāva hutvā passatīti attho. Tāya visadāya vipulāya thāmagatāya samannāgatattā tatiyajjhānasamaṅgī ‘‘upekkhako’’ti vuccati. Upekkhā pana dasavidhā hoti – chaḷaṅgupekkhā, brahmavihārupekkhā, bojjhaṅgupekkhā, vīriyupekkhā, saṅkhārupekkhā, vedanupekkhā, vipassanupekkhā, tatramajjhattupekkhā, jhānupekkhā, pārisuddhupekkhāti. Evamayaṃ dasavidhāpi tattha tattha āgatanayato bhūmipuggalacittārammaṇato, khandhasaṅgaha-ekakkhaṇakusalattikasaṅkhepavasena ca aṭṭhasāliniyā dhammasaṅgahaṭṭhakathāya vuttanayeneva veditabbā. Idha pana vuccamānā vinayanidānaṃ atibhāriyaṃ karotīti na vuttā. Lakkhaṇādito pana idha adhippetupekkhā majjhattalakkhaṇā, anābhogarasā, abyāpārapaccupaṭṭhānā, pītivirāgapadaṭṭhānāti.
Etthāha – nanu cāyaṃ atthato tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti, sā ca paṭhamadutiyajjhānesupi atthi, tasmā tatrāpi ‘‘upekkhako ca vihāsi’’nti evamayaṃ vattabbā siyā, sā kasmā na vuttāti? Aparibyattakiccato. Aparibyattañhi tassā tattha kiccaṃ, vitakkādīhi abhibhūtattā. Idha panāyaṃ vitakkavicārapītīhi anabhibhūtattā ukkhittasirā viya hutvā paribyattakiccā jātā, tasmā vuttāti.
Niṭṭhitā ‘‘upekkhako ca vihāsi’’nti etassa sabbaso atthavaṇṇanā.
Idāni sato ca sampajānoti ettha saratīti sato, sampajānātīti sampajāno. Puggalena sati ca sampajaññañca vuttaṃ. Tattha saraṇalakkhaṇā sati, asammussanarasā, ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā; asammohalakkhaṇaṃ sampajaññaṃ, tīraṇarasaṃ, pavicayapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha kiñcāpi idaṃ satisampajaññaṃ purimajjhānesupi atthi, muṭṭhassatissa hi asampajānassa upacārajjhānamattampi na sampajjati, pageva appanā; oḷārikattā pana tesaṃ jhānānaṃ bhūmiyaṃ viya purisassa cittassa gati sukhā hoti, abyattaṃ tattha satisampajaññakiccaṃ. Oḷārikaṅgappahānena pana sukhumattā imassa jhānassa purisassa khuradhārāyaṃ viya satisampajaññakiccapariggahitāyeva cittassa gati icchitabbāti idheva vuttaṃ. Kiñca bhiyyo? Yathāpi dhenupago vaccho dhenuto apanīto arakkhiyamāno punadeva dhenuṃ upagacchati; evamidaṃ tatiyajjhānasukhaṃ pītito apanītampi satisampajaññārakkhena arakkhiyamānaṃ punadeva pītiṃ upagaccheyya pītisampayuttameva siyā. Sukhe vāpi sattā rajjanti, idañca atimadhuraṃ sukhaṃ, tato paraṃ sukhābhāvā . Satisampajaññānubhāvena panettha sukhe asārajjanā hoti, no aññathāti imampi atthavisesaṃ dassetuṃ idaṃ idheva vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
Idāni sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesinti ettha kiñcāpi tatiyajjhānasamaṅgino sukhappaṭisaṃvedanābhogo natthi, evaṃ santepi yasmā tassa nāmakāyena sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, yaṃ vā taṃ nāmakāyasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, taṃsamuṭṭhānenassa yasmā atipaṇītena rūpena rūpakāyo phuṭo, yassa phuṭattā jhānā vuṭṭhitopi sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya, tasmā etamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesi’’nti āha.
Idāni yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti ettha yaṃjhānahetu yaṃjhānakāraṇā taṃ tatiyajjhānasamaṅgīpuggalaṃ buddhādayo ariyā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti pakāsenti, pasaṃsantīti adhippāyo. Kinti? ‘‘Upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’’ti. Taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsinti evamettha yojanā veditabbā.
Kasmā pana taṃ te evaṃ pasaṃsantīti? Pasaṃsārahato. Ayañhi yasmā atimadhurasukhe sukhapāramippattepi tatiyajjhāne upekkhako, na tattha sukhābhisaṅgena ākaḍḍhīyati, yathā ca pīti na uppajjati; evaṃ upaṭṭhitassatitāya satimā. Yasmā ca ariyakantaṃ ariyajanasevitameva ca asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ nāmakāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, tasmā pasaṃsāraho. Iti pasaṃsārahato naṃ ariyā te evaṃ pasaṃsāhetubhūte guṇe pakāsentā ‘‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’’ti evaṃ pasaṃsantīti veditabbaṃ.
Tatiyanti gaṇanānupubbato tatiyaṃ. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ samāpajjatītipi tatiyaṃ. Jhānanti ettha ca yathā dutiyaṃ sampasādādīhi caturaṅgikaṃ; evamidaṃ upekkhādīhi pañcaṅgikaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘jhānanti upekkhā sati sampajaññaṃ sukhaṃ cittassa ekaggatā’’ti (vibha. 591). Pariyāyoyeva ceso. Upekkhāsatisampajaññāni pana ṭhapetvā nippariyāyena duvaṅgikamevetaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye duvaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti ? Sukhaṃ, cittassekaggatā’’ti (dha. sa. 163). Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
Tatiyajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.
Catutthajjhānakathā
Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānāti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā. Pubbevāti tañca kho pubbeva, na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe . Somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cetasikasukhassa ca cetasikadukkhassa cāti imesampi dvinnaṃ pubbeva atthaṅgamā pahānā icceva vuttaṃ hoti. Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hoti? Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe. Somanassañhi catutthajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyati, dukkhadomanassasukhāni paṭhamadutiyatatiyānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu. Evametesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānaṃ, indriyavibhaṅge pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkameneva idhāpi vuttānaṃ sukhadukkhasomanassa domanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Yadi panetāni tassa tassa jhānassupacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyanti, atha kasmā ‘‘kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Kattha cuppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ… sukhindriyaṃ… somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, etthuppannaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.510) evaṃ jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti? Atisayanirodhattā. Atisayanirodho hi nesaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu, na nirodhoyeva; nirodhoyeva pana upacārakkhaṇe, nātisayanirodho. Tathā hi nānāvajjane paṭhamajjhānūpacāre niruddhassāpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsamakasādisamphassena vā visamāsanupatāpena vā siyā uppatti, na tveva antoappanāyaṃ. Upacāre vā niruddhampetaṃ na suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti; paṭipakkhena avihatattā. Antoappanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti. Sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ; paṭipakkhena vihatattā. Nānāvajjane eva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassa domanassindriyassa yasmā etaṃ vitakkavicārappaccayepi kāyakilamathe cittupaghāte ca sati uppajjati, vitakkavicārābhāve neva uppajjati. Yattha pana uppajjati tattha vitakkavicārabhāve. Appahīnā eva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre vitakkavicārāti tatthassa siyā uppatti; appahīnapaccayattā. Na tveva dutiyajjhāne; pahīnapaccayattā. Tathā tatiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi sukhindriyassa pītisamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭakāyassa siyā uppatti, na tveva tatiyajjhāne. Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā pīti sabbaso niruddhāti. Tathā catutthajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā, appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti, na tveva catutthajjhāne. Tasmā eva ca ‘‘etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katanti.
Etthāha – ‘‘athevaṃ tassa tassa jhānassūpacāre pahīnāpi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāharī’’ti? Sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ. Yā hi ayaṃ ‘‘adukkhamasukha’’nti ettha adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā, sā sukhumā atidubbiññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahetuṃ. Tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā vā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa gahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbe gāvo samāharati, athekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ ‘‘ayaṃ so, gaṇhatha na’’nti tampi gāhāpayati; evameva bhagavā sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbā etā samāhari. Evañhi samāhaṭā etā dassetvā ‘‘yaṃ neva sukhaṃ na dukkhaṃ na somanassaṃ na domanassaṃ, ayaṃ adukkhamasukhā vedanā’’ti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ.
Apica adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañcāpi etā vuttāti veditabbā. Sukhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā. Yathāha – ‘‘cattāro kho, āvuso, paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu, sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime kho, āvuso, cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.458). Yathā vā aññattha pahīnāpi sakkāyadiṭṭhiādayo tatiyamaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnāti vuttā; evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthampetassa jhānassetā idha vuttātipi veditabbā. Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānaṃ atidūrabhāvaṃ dassetumpetā vuttāti veditabbā. Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa, dukkhaṃ domanassassa, domanassaṃ dosassa. Sukhādighātena ca te sappaccayā rāgadosā hatāti atidūre hontīti.
Adukkhamasukhanti dukkhābhāvena adukkhaṃ, sukhābhāvena asukhaṃ. Etenettha dukkhasukhapaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti, na dukkhasukhābhāvamattaṃ. Tatiyavedanā nāma – adukkhamasukhā, upekkhātipi vuccati. Sā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā, majjhattarasā, avibhūtapaccupaṭṭhānā, sukhanirodhapadaṭṭhānāti veditabbā. Upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhiṃ. Imasmiñhi jhāne suparisuddhā sati. Yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā na aññena; tasmā etaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti vuccati. Vibhaṅgepi vuttaṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ sati imāya upekkhāya visadā hoti parisuddhā pariyodātā, tena vuccati – ‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’’nti (vibha. 597). Yāya ca upekkhāya ettha satiyā pārisuddhi hoti, sā atthato tatramajjhattatā veditabbā. Na kevalañcettha tāya satiyeva parisuddhā, apica kho sabbepi sampayuttadhammā; satisīsena pana desanā vuttā.
Tattha kiñcāpi ayaṃ upekkhā heṭṭhāpi tīsu jhānesu vijjati, yathā pana divā sūriyappabhābhibhavā sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā divā vijjamānāpi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā; evamayampi tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā vitakkavicārādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā alābhā vijjamānāpi paṭhamādijjhānabhedesu aparisuddhā hoti. Tassā ca aparisuddhāya divā aparisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo aparisuddhāva honti; tasmā tesu ekampi ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti na vuttaṃ. Idha pana vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavābhāvā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā paṭilābhā ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā ativiya parisuddhā, tassā parisuddhattā parisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā, tasmā idameva upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
Catutthanti gaṇanānupubbato catutthaṃ. Idaṃ catutthaṃ samāpajjatītipi catutthaṃ. Jhānanti ettha yathā tatiyaṃ upekkhādīhi pañcaṅgikaṃ; evamidaṃ upekkhādīhi tivaṅgikaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘jhānanti upekkhā, sati cittassekaggatā’’ti. Pariyāyo eva ceso. Ṭhapetvā pana satiṃ upekkhekaggatameva gahetvā nippariyāyena duvaṅgikamevetaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye duvaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti? Upekkhā, cittassekaggatā’’ti (dha. sa. 165). Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
Catutthajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pubbenivāsakathā
12. Iti imāni cattāri jhānāni kesañci cittekaggatatthāni honti, kesañci vipassanāpādakāni, kesañci abhiññāpādakāni, kesañci nirodhapādakāni, kesañci bhavokkamanatthāni. Tattha khīṇāsavānaṃ cittekaggatatthāni honti, te hi samāpajjitvā ‘‘ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmā’’ti iccevaṃ kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattenti. Sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ ‘‘samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmā’’ti nibbattentānaṃ vipassanāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’ti vuttanayā abhiññāyo patthentā nibbattenti, tesaṃ abhiññāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā sattāhaṃ acittakā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmā’’ti nibbattenti, tesaṃ nirodhapādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘aparihīnajjhānā hutvā brahmaloke uppajjissāmā’’ti nibbattenti, tesaṃ bhavokkamanatthāni honti.
Bhagavatā panidaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ bodhirukkhamūle nibbattitaṃ, taṃ tassa vipassanāpādakañceva ahosi abhiññāpādakañca nirodhapādakañca sabbakiccasādhakañca sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyakanti veditabbaṃ. Yesañca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi, tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādimāha.
Tattha soti so ahaṃ. Evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ. Iminā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhiteti iminā catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Parisuddhetiādīsu pana upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe. Parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hoti. Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātena vihatarāgādiaṅgaṇattā anaṅgaṇe. Anaṅgaṇattāyeva ca vigatūpakkilese; aṅgaṇena hi cittaṃ upakkilissati. Subhāvitattā mudubhūte, vasībhāvappatteti vuttaṃ hoti. Vase vattamānañhi cittaṃ mudūti vuccati. Muduttāyeva ca kammaniye, kammakkhame kammayoggeti vuttaṃ hoti. Mudu hi cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti sudhantamiva suvaṇṇaṃ, tadubhayampi ca subhāvitattā eva. Yathāha – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ mudu ca hoti kammaniyañca, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, citta’’nti (a. ni. 1.22).
Etesu parisuddhabhāvādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite. Ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte, acale niriñjaneti vuttaṃ hoti. Mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite, saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte. Saddhāpariggahitañhi cittaṃ assaddhiyena na iñjati, vīriyapariggahitaṃ kosajjena na iñjati, satipariggahitaṃ pamādena na iñjati, samādhipariggahitaṃ uddhaccena na iñjati, paññāpariggahitaṃ avijjāya na iñjati, obhāsagataṃ kilesandhakārena na iñjati. Imehi chahi dhammehi pariggahitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya.
Aparo nayo – catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Nīvaraṇadūrībhāvena parisuddhe. Vitakkādisamatikkamena pariyodāte. Jhānappaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ pāpakānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇe. Abhijjhādīnaṃ cittūpakkilesānaṃ vigamena vigatūpakkilese. Ubhayampi cetaṃ anaṅgaṇavatthasuttānusārena (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) veditabbaṃ. Vasippattiyā mudubhūte. Iddhipādabhāvūpagamena kammaniye. Bhāvanāpāripūriyā paṇītabhāvūpagamena ṭhiteāneñjappatte. Yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti; evaṃ ṭhiteti attho. Evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, pādakaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtanti attho.
Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāyāti evaṃ abhiññāpādake jāte etasmiṃ citte pubbenivāsānussatimhi yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tadatthāya. Tattha pubbenivāsoti pubbe atītajātīsu nivutthakkhandhā. Nivutthāti ajjhāvutthā anubhūtā attano santāne uppajjitvā niruddhā nivutthadhammā vā nivutthā, gocaranivāsena nivutthā, attano viññāṇena viññātā paricchinnā, paraviññāṇaviññātāpi vā chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsu. Pubbenivāsānussatīti yāya satiyā pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, sā pubbenivāsānussati. Ñāṇanti tāya satiyā sampayuttañāṇaṃ. Evamimassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa atthāya pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya etassa ñāṇassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Abhininnāmesinti abhinīhariṃ.
Soti so ahaṃ. Anekavihitanti anekavidhaṃ, anekehi vā pakārehi pavattitaṃ saṃvaṇṇitanti attho. Pubbenivāsanti samanantarātītaṃ bhavaṃ ādiṃ katvā tattha tattha nivutthasantānaṃ. Anussarāmīti ‘‘ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo’’ti evaṃ jātipaṭipāṭiyā anugantvā anugantvā sarāmi, anudeva vā sarāmi, citte abhininnāmitamatte eva sarāmīti dasseti. Pūritapāramīnañhi mahāpurisānaṃ parikammakaraṇaṃ natthi, tena te cittaṃ abhininnāmetvāva saranti. Ādikammikakulaputtā pana parikammaṃ katvāva saranti, tasmā tesaṃ vasena parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā. Taṃ pana vuccamānaṃ atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ karoti, tasmā taṃ na vadāma. Atthikehi pana visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.402 ādayo) vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ. Idha pana pāḷimeva vaṇṇayissāma.
Seyyathidanti āraddhappakāradassanatthe nipāto. Teneva yvāyaṃ pubbenivāso āraddho, tassa pakārappabhedaṃ dassento ekampi jātintiādimāha. Tattha ekampi jātinti ekampi paṭisandhimūlaṃ cutipariyosānaṃ ekabhavapariyāpannaṃ khandhasantānaṃ. Esa nayo dvepi jātiyotiādīsu. Anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappetiādīsu pana parihāyamāno kappo saṃvaṭṭakappo, vaḍḍhamāno vivaṭṭakappoti veditabbo. Tattha ca saṃvaṭṭena saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī gahito hoti tammūlakattā. Vivaṭṭena ca vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī. Evañhi sati yāni tāni ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyāni . Katamāni cattāri? Saṃvaṭṭo saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, vivaṭṭo vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī’’ti vuttāni tāni sabbāni pariggahitāni honti.
Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā – tejosaṃvaṭṭo, āposaṃvaṭṭo, vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā – ābhassarā, subhakiṇhā, vehapphalāti. Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā udakena saṃvaṭṭati, subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vātena saṃvaṭṭati, vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsiyati. Vitthārato pana sadāpi ekaṃ buddhakkhettaṃ vinassati.
Buddhakkhettaṃ nāma tividhaṃ hoti – jātikkhettaṃ, āṇākkhettaṃ, visayakkhettañca. Tattha jātikkhettaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti, yaṃ tathāgatassa paṭisandhiādīsu kampati. Āṇākkhettaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti. Yattha ratanaparittaṃ, khandhaparittaṃ, dhajaggaparittaṃ, āṭānāṭiyaparittaṃ, moraparittanti imesaṃ parittānaṃ ānubhāvo pavattati. Visayakkhettaṃ pana anantaṃ aparimāṇaṃ, ‘‘yaṃ yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti (a. ni. 3.81) vuttaṃ yattha yaṃ yaṃ ākaṅkhati taṃ taṃ anussarati. Evametesu tīsu buddhakkhettesu ekaṃ āṇākkhettaṃ vinassati. Tasmiṃ pana vinassante jātikkhettampi vinaṭṭhameva hoti; vinassantañca ekatova vinassati, saṇṭhahantampi ekatova saṇṭhahati. Tassa vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.404) vuttaṃ. Atthikehi tato gahetabbaṃ.
Ye panete saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭā vuttā, etesu bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhanatthāya nisinno anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe sari. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Amutrāsi’’ntiādinā nayena. Tattha amutrāsinti amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe ahaṃ amumhi bhave vā yoniyā vā gatiyā vā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā vā sattāvāse vā sattanikāye vā ahosiṃ. Evaṃnāmoti vessantaro vā jotipālo vā. Evaṃgottoti bhaggavo vā gotamo vā. Evaṃvaṇṇoti odāto vā sāmo vā. Evamāhāroti sālimaṃsodanāhāro vā pavattaphalabhojano vā. Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti anekappakārena kāyikacetasikānaṃ sāmisanirāmisādippabhedānaṃ vā sukhadukkhānaṃ paṭisaṃvedī. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ vassasataparamāyupariyanto vā caturāsītikappasahassaparamāyupariyanto vā.
Sotato cuto amutra udapādinti so ahaṃ tato bhavato yonito gatito viññāṇaṭṭhitito sattāvāsato sattanikāyato vā cuto, puna amukasmiṃ nāma bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsinti atha tatrāpi bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā puna ahosiṃ. Evaṃnāmotiādi vuttanayameva.
Atha vā yasmā amutrāsinti idaṃ anupubbena ārohantassa yāvadicchakaṃ saraṇaṃ. So tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ. Tasmā idhūpapannoti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaraṃ amutra udapādinti tusitabhavanaṃ sandhāyāhāti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmoti tatrāpi tusitabhavane setaketu nāma devaputto ahosiṃ. Evaṃgottoti tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ ekagotto. Evaṃvaṇṇoti suvaṇṇavaṇṇo. Evamāhāroti dibbasudhāhāro. Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti evaṃ dibbasukhappaṭisaṃvedī. Dukkhaṃ pana saṅkhāradukkhamattameva. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ sattapaññāsavassakoṭisaṭṭhivassasatasahassāyupariyanto. So tato cutoti so ahaṃ tato tusitabhavanato cuto. Idhūpapannoti idha mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchimhi nibbatto.
Itīti evaṃ. Sākāraṃ sauddesanti nāmagottavasena sauddesaṃ, vaṇṇādivasena sākāraṃ. Nāmagottavasena hi satto ‘‘datto, tisso, gotamo’’ti uddisīyati; vaṇṇādīhi odāto, sāmoti nānattato paññāyati; tasmā nāmagottaṃ uddeso, itare ākārā. Kiṃ pana buddhāyeva pubbenivāsaṃ sarantīti? Vuccate – na buddhāyeva, paccekabuddha-buddhasāvaka-titthiyāpi, no ca kho avisesena. Titthiyā hi cattālīsaṃyeva kappe saranti, na tato paraṃ. Kasmā? Dubbalapaññattā. Tesañhi nāmarūpaparicchedavirahato dubbalā paññā hoti. Sāvakesu pana asītimahāsāvakā kappasatasahassaṃ saranti; dve aggasāvakā ekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ satasahassañca. Paccekabuddhā dve asaṅkhyeyyāni satasahassañca. Ettako hi tesaṃ abhinīhāro. Buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo natthi, yāva icchanti tāva saranti. Titthiyā ca khandhapaṭipāṭimeva saranti. Paṭipāṭiṃ muñcitvā cutipaṭisandhivasena sarituṃ na sakkonti. Tesañhi andhānaṃ viya icchitappadesokkamanaṃ natthi. Sāvakā ubhayathāpi saranti; tathā paccekabuddhā. Buddhā pana khandhapaṭipāṭiyāpi cutipaṭisandhivasenapi sīhokkantavasenapi anekāsu kappakoṭīsu heṭṭhā vā upari vā yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ākaṅkhanti, taṃ sabbaṃ sarantiyeva.
Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādīsu meti mayā. Vijjāti viditakaraṇaṭṭhena vijjā. Kiṃ viditaṃ karoti? Pubbenivāsaṃ. Avijjāti tasseva pubbenivāsassa aviditakaraṇaṭṭhena tappaṭicchādakamoho vuccati. Tamoti sveva moho tappaṭicchādakaṭṭhena ‘‘tamo’’ti vuccati. Ālokoti sāyevavijjā obhāsakaraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘āloko’’ti vuccati. Ettha ca vijjā adhigatāti ayaṃ attho, sesaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ. Yojanā panettha – ayaṃ kho me vijjā adhigatā, tassa me adhigatavijjassa avijjā vihatā, vinaṭṭhāti attho. Kasmā? Yasmā vijjā uppannā. Esa nayo itarasmimpi padadvaye.
Yathā tanti ettha yathāti opammatthe. Tanti nipāto. Satiyā avippavāsena appamattassa. Vīriyātāpena ātāpino. Kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya pahitattassa, pesitacittassāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avijjā vihaññeyya vijjā uppajjeyya, tamo vihaññeyya āloko uppajjeyya; evameva mama avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato āloko uppanno. Etassa me padhānānuyogassa anurūpameva phalaṃ laddhanti.
Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇa paṭhamā abhinibbhidā ahosi kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhāti ayaṃ kho mama brāhmaṇa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇamukhatuṇḍakena pubbe nivutthakkhandhapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā paṭhamā abhinibbhidā paṭhamā nikkhanti paṭhamā ariyājāti ahosi, kukkuṭacchāpakasseva mukhatuṇḍakena vā pādanakhasikhāya vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā tamhā aṇḍakosamhā abhinibbhidā nikkhanti kukkuṭanikāye paccājātīti.
Pubbenivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.
Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathā
13.Soevaṃ…pe… cutūpapātañāṇāyāti cutiyā ca upapāte ca ñāṇāya; yena ñāṇena sattānaṃ cuti ca upapāto ca ñāyati, tadatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Cittaṃ abhininnāmesinti parikammacittaṃ nīhariṃ. So dibbena…pe… passāmīti ettha pana pūritapāramīnaṃ mahāsattānaṃ parikammakaraṇaṃ natthi. Te hi citte abhininnāmitamatte eva dibbena cakkhunā satte passanti, ādikammikakulaputtā pana parikammaṃ katvā. Tasmā tesaṃ vasena parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā. Taṃ pana vuccamānaṃ atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ karoti; tasmā taṃ na vadāma. Atthikehi pana visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.411) vuttanayena gahetabbaṃ. Idha pana pāḷimeva vaṇṇayissāma.
Soti so ahaṃ. Dibbenātiādīsu dibbasadisattā dibbaṃ. Devatānañhi sucaritakammanibbattaṃ pittasemharuhirādīhi apalibuddhaṃ upakkilesavinimuttatāya dūrepi ārammaṇasampaṭicchanasamatthaṃ dibbaṃ pasādacakkhu hoti. Idañcāpi vīriyabhāvanābalanibbattaṃ ñāṇacakkhu tādisamevāti dibbasadisattā dibbaṃ, dibbavihāravasena paṭiladdhattā attanā ca dibbavihārasannissitattāpi dibbaṃ, ālokapariggahena mahājutikattāpi dibbaṃ, tirokuṭṭādigatarūpadassanena mahāgatikattāpi dibbaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ saddasatthānusārena veditabbaṃ. Dassanaṭṭhena cakkhu. Cakkhukiccakaraṇena cakkhumivātipi cakkhu. Cutūpapātadassanena diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā visuddhaṃ. Yo hi cutimattameva passati na upapātaṃ, so ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. Yo upapātamattameva passati na cutiṃ, so navasattapātubhāvadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. Yo pana tadubhayaṃ passati, so yasmā duvidhampi taṃ diṭṭhigataṃ ativattati, tasmāssa taṃ dassanaṃ diṭṭhivisuddhihetu hoti. Tadubhayañca bhagavā addasa. Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘cutūpapātadassanena diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā visuddha’’nti.
Ekādasaupakkilesavirahato vā visuddhaṃ. Bhagavato hi ekādasapakkilesavirahitaṃ dibbacakkhu. Yathāha – ‘‘so kho ahaṃ, anuruddha, ‘vicikicchā cittassa upakkileso’ti iti viditvā vicikicchaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ. Amanasikāro…pe… thinamiddhaṃ… chambhitattaṃ… uppilaṃ… duṭṭhullaṃ… accāraddhavīriyaṃ… atilīnavīriyaṃ… abhijappā… nānattasaññā… ‘atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpānaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti iti viditvā atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpānaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ. So kho ahaṃ, anuruddha, appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañhi kho sañjānāmi, na ca rūpāni passāmi. Rūpāni hi kho passāmi, na ca obhāsaṃ sañjānāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.242-243) evamādi. Tadevaṃ ekādasupakkilesavirahato visuddhaṃ.
Manussūpacāraṃ atikkamitvā rūpadassanena atikkantamānusakaṃ; mānusakaṃ vā maṃsacakkhuṃ atikkantattā atikkantamānusakanti veditabbaṃ. Tena dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena.
Sattepassāmīti manussamaṃsacakkhunā viya satte passāmi dakkhāmi olokemi. Cavamāne upapajjamāneti ettha cutikkhaṇe vā upapattikkhaṇe vā dibbacakkhunā daṭṭhuṃ na sakkā, ye pana āsannacutikā idāni cavissanti te cavamānā. Ye ca gahitapaṭisandhikā sampatinibbattā vā, te upapajjamānāti adhippetā. Te evarūpe cavamāne upapajjamāne ca passāmīti dasseti. Hīneti mohanissandayuttattā hīnānaṃ jātikulabhogādīnaṃ vasena hīḷite ohīḷite uññāte avaññāte. Paṇīteti amohanissandayuttattā tabbiparīte. Suvaṇṇeti adosanissandayuttattā iṭṭhakantamanāpavaṇṇayutte. Dubbaṇṇeti dosanissandayuttattā aniṭṭhākantaamanāpavaṇṇayutte; abhirūpe virūpetipi attho. Sugateti sugatigate, alobhanissandayuttattā vā aḍḍhe mahaddhane. Duggateti duggatigate, lobhanissandayuttattā vā dalidde appannapāne. Yathākammūpageti yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ upacitaṃ tena tena upagate. Tattha purimehi ‘‘cavamāne’’tiādīhi dibbacakkhukiccaṃ vuttaṃ; iminā pana padena yathākammūpagañāṇakiccaṃ.
Tassa ca ñāṇassa ayamuppattikkamo – so heṭṭhā nirayābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nerayikasatte passati mahantaṃ dukkhamanubhavamāne, taṃ dassanaṃ dibbacakkhukiccameva. So evaṃ manasi karoti – ‘‘kinnu kho kammaṃ katvā ime sattā etaṃ dukkhamanubhavantī’’ti? Athassa ‘‘idaṃ nāma katvā’’ti taṃ kammārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Tathā upari devalokābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nandanavana-missakavana-phārusakavanādīsu satte passati mahāsampattiṃ anubhavamāne. Tampi dassanaṃ dibbacakkhukiccameva. So evaṃ manasi karoti – ‘‘kinnu kho kammaṃ katvā ime sattā etaṃ sampattiṃ anubhavantī’’ti? Athassa ‘‘idaṃ nāma katvā’’ti taṃkammārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Idaṃ yathākammūpagañāṇaṃ nāma. Imassa visuṃ parikammaṃ nāma natthi. Yathā cimassa, evaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassapi. Dibbacakkhupādakāneva hi imāni dibbacakkhunā saheva ijjhanti.
Kāyaduccaritenātiādīsu duṭṭhu caritaṃ duṭṭhaṃ vā caritaṃ kilesapūtikattāti duccaritaṃ; kāyena duccaritaṃ, kāyato vā uppannaṃ duccaritanti kāyaduccaritaṃ. Evaṃ vacīmanoduccaritānipi daṭṭhabbāni. Samannāgatāti samaṅgībhūtā. Ariyānaṃ upavādakāti buddha-paccekabuddha-buddhasāvakānaṃ ariyānaṃ antamaso gihisotāpannānampi anatthakāmā hutvā antimavatthunā vā guṇaparidhaṃsanena vā upavādakā; akkosakā, garahakāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha ‘‘natthi imesaṃ samaṇadhammo, assamaṇā ete’’ti vadanto antimavatthunā upavadati. ‘‘Natthi imesaṃ jhānaṃ vā vimokkho vā maggo vā phalaṃ vā’’ti vadanto guṇaparidhaṃsanena upavadatīti veditabbo. So ca jānaṃ vā upavadeyya ajānaṃ vā, ubhayathāpi ariyūpavādova hoti. Bhāriyaṃ kammaṃ saggāvaraṇaṃ maggāvaraṇañca, satekicchaṃ pana hoti. Tassa ca āvibhāvatthaṃ idaṃ vatthumudāharanti –
‘‘Aññatarasmiṃ kira gāme eko thero ca daharabhikkhu ca piṇḍāya caranti. Te paṭhamaghareyeva uḷuṅkamattaṃ uṇhayāguṃ labhiṃsu. Therassa ca kucchivāto atthi. So cintesi – ‘ayaṃ yāgu mayhaṃ sappāyā, yāva na sītalā hoti tāva naṃ pivāmī’ti. So manussehi ummāratthāya āhaṭe dārukkhandhe nisīditvā taṃ pivi. Itaro taṃ jigucchi – ‘aticchāto vatāyaṃ mahallako amhākaṃ lajjitabbakaṃ akāsī’ti. Thero gāme caritvā vihāraṃ gantvā daharabhikkhuṃ āha – ‘atthi te, āvuso, imasmiṃ sāsane patiṭṭhā’ti? ‘Āma, bhante, sotāpanno aha’nti. ‘Tena hāvuso, uparimaggatthāya vāyāmaṃ mā akāsi, khīṇāsavo tayā upavadito’ti. So taṃ khamāpesi. Tenassa taṃ pākatikaṃ ahosi’’. Tasmā yo aññopi ariyaṃ upavadati, tena gantvā sace attanā vuḍḍhataro hoti, ‘‘ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me khamāhī’’ti khamāpetabbo. Sace navakataro hoti , vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘ahaṃ bhante tumhe idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me khamathā’’ti khamāpetabbo. Sace so nakkhamati disāpakkanto vā hoti, ye tasmiṃ vihāre bhikkhū vasanti tesaṃ santikaṃ gantvā sace attanā vuḍḍhataro hoti ṭhitakeneva, sace navakataro ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, khamatu me so āyasmā’’ti evaṃ vadantena khamāpetabbo. Sace so parinibbuto hoti, parinibbutamañcaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā yāva sivathikaṃ gantvāpi khamāpetabbo. Evaṃ kate saggāvaraṇañca maggāvaraṇañca na hoti, pākatikameva hoti.
Micchādiṭṭhikāti viparītadassanā. Micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānāti micchādiṭṭhivasena samādinnanānāvidhakammā, ye ca micchādiṭṭhimūlakesu kāyakammādīsu aññepi samādapenti. Tattha vacīduccaritaggahaṇeneva ariyūpavāde, manoduccaritaggahaṇena ca micchādiṭṭhiyā saṅgahitāyapi imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puna vacanaṃ mahāsāvajjabhāvadassanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Mahāsāvajjo hi ariyūpavādo ānantariyasadiso. Yathāha – ‘‘seyyathāpi, sāriputta, bhikkhu sīlasampanno samādhisampanno paññāsampanno diṭṭheva dhamme aññaṃ ārādheyya; evaṃsampadamidaṃ, sāriputta, vadāmi taṃ vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto, evaṃ niraye’’ti (ma. ni. 1.149).
Micchādiṭṭhito ca mahāsāvajjataraṃ nāma aññaṃ natthi. Yathāha – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, evaṃ mahāsāvajjataraṃ, yathayidaṃ, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhiparamāni, bhikkhave, vajjānī’’ti (a. ni. 1.310).
Kāyassa bhedāti upādinnakkhandhapariccāgā. Paraṃ maraṇāti tadanantaraṃ abhinibbattakkhandhaggahaṇe. Athavā kāyassa bhedāti jīvitindriyassupacchedā. Paraṃ maraṇāti cuticittato uddhaṃ. Apāyanti evamādi sabbaṃ nirayavevacanaṃ. Nirayo hi saggamokkhahetubhūtā puññasammatā ayā apetattā, sukhānaṃ vā āyassa abhāvā apāyo. Dukkhassa gati paṭisaraṇanti duggati; dosabahulatāya vā duṭṭhena kammunā nibbattā gatīti duggati. Vivasā nipatanti ettha dukkaṭakārinoti vinipāto; vinassantā vā ettha nipatanti sambhijjamānaṅgapaccaṅgāti vinipāto. Natthi ettha assādasaññito ayoti nirayo.
Atha vā apāyaggahaṇena tiracchānayoniṃ dīpeti. Tiracchānayoni hi apāyo, sugatiyā apetattā; na duggati, mahesakkhānaṃ nāgarājādīnaṃ sambhavato. Duggatiggahaṇena pettivisayaṃ dīpeti. So hi apāyo ceva duggati ca sugatito apetattā, dukkhassa ca gatibhūtattā; na tu vinipāto asurasadisaṃ avinipatitattā. Petamahiddhikānañhi vimānānipi nibbattanti. Vinipātaggahaṇena asurakāyaṃ dīpeti. So hi yathāvuttenatthena apāyo ceva duggati ca sabbasamussayehi ca vinipatitattā vinipātoti vuccati. Nirayaggahaṇena avīci-ādianekappakāraṃ nirayameva dīpeti. Upapannāti upagatā, tattha abhinibbattāti adhippāyo. Vuttavipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo.
Ayaṃ pana viseso – ettha sugatiggahaṇena manussagatipi saṅgayhati. Saggaggahaṇena devagatiyeva. Tattha sundarā gatīti sugati. Rūpādivisayehi suṭṭhu aggoti saggo. So sabbopi lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena lokoti ayaṃ vacanattho. Vijjāti dibbacakkhuñāṇavijjā. Avijjāti sattānaṃ cutipaṭisandhipaṭicchādikā avijjā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Ayameva hettha viseso – yathā pubbenivāsakathāyaṃ ‘‘pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇamukhatuṇḍakena pubbenivutthakkhandhapaacchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā’’ti vuttaṃ; evamidha ‘‘cutūpapātañāṇamukhatuṇḍakena cutūpapātapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā’’ti vattabbanti.
Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
Āsavakkhayañāṇakathā
14.Soevaṃ samāhite citteti idha vipassanāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānacittaṃ veditabbaṃ. Āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāyāti arahattamaggañāṇatthāya. Arahattamaggo hi āsavavināsanato āsavānaṃ khayoti vuccati. Tatra cetaṃ ñāṇaṃ tappariyāpannattāti . Cittaṃ abhininnāmesinti vipassanācittaṃ abhinīhariṃ. So idaṃ dukkhanti evamādīsu ‘‘ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito bhiyyo’’ti sabbampi dukkhasaccaṃ sarasalakkhaṇapaṭivedhena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ jāniṃ paṭivijjhiṃ. Tassa ca dukkhassa nibbattikaṃ taṇhaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti, tadubhayampi yaṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā nirujjhati taṃ tesaṃ appavattiṃ nibbānaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti, tassa ca sampāpakaṃ ariyamaggaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti sarasalakkhaṇapaṭivedhena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ jāniṃ paṭivijjhinti evamattho veditabbo.
Evaṃ sarūpato saccāni dassetvā idāni kilesavasena pariyāyato dassento ‘‘ime āsavā’’tiādimāha. Tassa me evaṃ jānato evaṃ passatoti tassa mayhaṃ evaṃ jānantassa evaṃ passantassa saha vipassanāya koṭippattaṃ maggaṃ katheti. Kāmāsavāti kāmāsavato. Vimuccitthāti iminā phalakkhaṇaṃ dasseti. Maggakkhaṇe hi cittaṃ vimuccati, phalakkhaṇe vimuttaṃ hoti. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇanti iminā paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ dasseti. Khīṇā jātītiādīhi tassa bhūmiṃ. Tena hi ñāṇena bhagavā paccavekkhanto ‘‘khīṇā jātī’’tiādīni abbhaññāsiṃ. Katamā pana bhagavato jāti khīṇā, kathañca naṃ abbhaññāsīti? Vuccate – na tāvassa atītā jāti khīṇā, pubbeva khīṇattā; na anāgatā, anāgate vāyāmābhāvato; na paccuppannā, vijjamānattā. Yā pana maggassa abhāvitattā uppajjeyya ekacatupañcavokārabhavesu ekacatupañcakkhandhappabhedā jāti, sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammataṃ āpajjanena khīṇā; taṃ so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā ‘‘kilesābhāve vijjamānampi kammaṃ āyatiṃ appaṭisandhikaṃ hotī’’ti jānanto abbhaññāsiṃ.
Vusitanti vutthaṃ parivutthaṃ, kataṃ caritaṃ niṭṭhitanti attho. Brahmacariyanti maggabrahmacariyaṃ, puthujjanakalyāṇakena hi saddhiṃ satta sekkhā brahmacariyavāsaṃ vasanti nāma, khīṇāsavo vutthavāso. Tasmā bhagavā attano brahmacariyavāsaṃ paccavekkhanto ‘‘vusitaṃ brahmacariya’’nti abbhaññāsiṃ. Kataṃ karaṇīyanti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayavasena soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho . Puthujjanakalyāṇakādayo hi etaṃ kiccaṃ karonti, khīṇāsavo katakaraṇīyo. Tasmā bhagavā attano karaṇīyaṃ paccavekkhanto ‘‘kataṃ karaṇīya’’nti abbhaññāsiṃ. Nāparaṃ itthattāyāti idāni puna itthabhāvāya evaṃ soḷasakiccabhāvāya kilesakkhayāya vā maggabhāvanākiccaṃ me natthīti abbhaññāsiṃ.
Idāni evaṃ paccavekkhaṇañāṇapariggahitaṃ taṃ āsavānaṃ khayañāṇādhigamaṃ brāhmaṇassa dassento ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādimāha. Tattha vijjāti arahattamaggañāṇavijjā. Avijjāti catusaccapaṭicchādikā avijjā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇa tatiyā abhinibbhidā ahosīti ettha ayaṃ kho mama brāhmaṇa āsavānaṃ khayañāṇamukhatuṇḍakena catusaccapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā tatiyā abhinibbhidā tatiyā nikkhanti tatiyā ariyajāti ahosi, kukkuṭacchāpakasseva mukhatuṇḍakena vā pādanakhasikhāya vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā tamhā aṇḍakosamhā abhinibbhidā nikkhanti kukkuṭanikāye paccājātīti.
Ettāvatā kiṃ dassetīti? So hi brāhmaṇa kukkuṭacchāpako aṇḍakosaṃ
Padāletvā tato nikkhamanto sakimeva jāyati, ahaṃ pana pubbe-nivutthakkhandhapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ bhinditvā paṭhamaṃ tāva pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇavijjāya jāto, tato sattānaṃ cutipaṭisandhipaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā dutiyaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇavijjāya jāto, puna catusaccapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā tatiyaṃ āsavānaṃ khayañāṇavijjāya jāto; evaṃ tīhi vijjāhi tikkhattuṃ jāto. Sā ca me jāti ariyā suparisuddhāti idaṃ dassesi. Evaṃ dassento ca pubbenivāsañāṇena atītaṃsañāṇaṃ, dibbacakkhunā paccuppannānāgataṃsañāṇaṃ, āsavakkhayena sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇanti evaṃ tīhi vijjāhi sabbepi sabbaññuguṇe pakāsetvā attano ariyāya jātiyā jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ brāhmaṇassa dassesīti.
Āsavakkhayañāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
Desanānumodanakathā
15.Evaṃvutte verañjo brāhmaṇoti evaṃ bhagavatā lokānukampakena brāhmaṇaṃ anukampamānena vinigūhitabbepi attano ariyāya jātiyā jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāve vijjattayapakāsikāya dhammadesanāya vutte pītivipphāraparipuṇṇagattacitto verañjo brāhmaṇo taṃ bhagavato ariyāya jātiyā jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ viditvā ‘‘īdisaṃ nāmāhaṃ sabbalokajeṭṭhaseṭṭhaṃ sabbaguṇasamannāgataṃ sabbaññuṃ ‘aññesaṃ abhivādanādikammaṃ na karotī’ti avacaṃ – ‘dhīratthu vatare aññāṇa’’’nti attānaṃ garahitvā ‘‘ayaṃ dāni loke ariyāya jātiyā purejātaṭṭhena jeṭṭho, sabbaguṇehi appaṭisamaṭṭhena seṭṭho’’ti niṭṭhaṃ gantvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘jeṭṭho bhavaṃ gotamo seṭṭho bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā puna taṃ bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ abbhanumodamāno ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotamā’’tiādimāha.
Tatthāyaṃ abhikkantasaddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhanumodanesu dissati. ‘‘Abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.20) hi khaye dissati. ‘‘Ayaṃ me puggalo khamati, imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.100) sundare.
‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;
Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti. –
Ādīsu (vi. va. 857) abhirūpe. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.250) abbhanumodane. Idhāpi abbhanumodaneyeva. Yasmā ca abbhanumodane, tasmā ‘‘sādhu sādhu, bho gotamā’’ti vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ.
‘‘Bhaye kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ, turite kotūhalacchare;
Hāse soke pasāde ca, kare āmeḍitaṃ budho’’ti.
Iminā ca lakkhaṇena idha pasādavasena pasaṃsāvasena cāyaṃ dvikkhattuṃ vuttoti veditabbo.
Atha vā abhikkantanti atiiṭṭhaṃ atimanāpaṃ atisundaranti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha ekena abhikkantasaddena desanaṃ thometi, ekena attano pasādaṃ. Ayañhi ettha adhippāyo – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanā, abhikkantaṃ yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanaṃ āgamma mama pasādo’’ti. Bhagavatoyeva vā vacanaṃ dve dve atthe sandhāya thometi – bhoto gotamassa vacanaṃ abhikkantaṃ dosanāsanato abhikkantaṃ guṇādhigamanato, tathā saddhājananato paññājananato, sātthato sabyañjanato, uttānapadato gambhīratthato, kaṇṇasukhato hadayaṅgamato, anattukkaṃsanato aparavambhanato, karuṇāsītalato paññāvadātato, apātharamaṇīyato vimaddakkhamato, suyyamānasukhato vīmaṃsiyamānahitatoti evamādīhi yojetabbaṃ.
Tato parampi catūhi upamāhi desanaṃyeva thometi. Tattha nikkujjitanti adhomukhaṭhapitaṃ, heṭṭhāmukhajātaṃ vā. Ukkujjeyyāti uparimukhaṃ kareyya. Paṭicchannanti tiṇapaṇṇādipaṭicchāditaṃ. Vivareyyāti ugghāṭeyya. Mūḷhassāti disāmūḷhassa. Maggaṃ ācikkheyyāti hatthe gahetvā esa maggoti vadeyya. Andhakāreti kāḷapakkhacātuddasī aḍḍharatta-ghanavanasaṇḍa-meghapaṭalehi caturaṅge tamasi. Ayaṃ tāva anuttānapadattho. Ayaṃ pana adhippāyayojanā – yathā koci nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyya, evaṃ saddhammavimukhaṃ asaddhamme patiṭṭhitaṃ maṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpentena; yathā paṭicchannaṃ vivareyya, evaṃ kassapassa bhagavato sāsanantaradhānā pabhuti micchādiṭṭhigahanapaṭicchannaṃ sāsanaṃ vivarantena; yathā mūḷhassa maggaṃ ācikkheyya, evaṃ kummaggamicchāmaggappaṭipannassa me saggamokkhamaggaṃ ācikkhantena; yathā andhakāre telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, evaṃ mohandhakāre nimuggassa me buddhādiratanattayarūpāni apassato tappaṭicchādakamohandhakāraviddhaṃsakadesanāpajjotaṃ dhārentena, mayhaṃ bhotā gotamena etehi pariyāyehi pakāsitattā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsitoti.
Desanānumodanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Pasannākārakathā
Evaṃ desanaṃ thometvā imāya desanāya ratanattaye pasannacitto pasannākāraṃ karonto ‘‘esāha’’ntiādimāha. Tattha esāhanti eso ahaṃ. Bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇanti gacchāmi; bhavaṃ me gotamo saraṇaṃ, parāyaṇaṃ, aghassa tātā, hitassa ca vidhātāti iminā adhippāyena bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ gacchāmi bhajāmi sevāmi payirupāsāmi , evaṃ vā jānāmi bujjhāmīti. Yesañhi dhātūnaṃ gatiattho, buddhipi tesaṃ attho; tasmā ‘‘gacchāmī’’ti imassa jānāmi bujjhāmīti ayampi attho vutto. Dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañcāti ettha pana adhigatamagge sacchikatanirodhe yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne ca catūsu apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo; so atthato ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ – ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.34) vitthāro. Na kevalañca ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca, api ca kho ariyaphalehi saddhiṃ pariyattidhammopi. Vuttampi hetaṃ chattamāṇavakavimāne –
‘‘Rāgavirāgamanejamasokaṃ, dhammamasaṅkhatamappaṭikūlaṃ;
Madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattaṃ, dhammamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī’’ti. (vi. va. 887);
Ettha hi rāgavirāgoti maggo kathito. Anejamasokanti phalaṃ. Dhammamasaṅkhatanti nibbānaṃ. Appaṭikūlaṃ madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattanti piṭakattayena vibhattā sabbadhammakkhandhāti. Diṭṭhisīlasaṅghātena saṃhatoti saṅgho, so atthato aṭṭhaariyapuggalasamūho. Vuttañhetaṃ tasmiṃyeva vimāne –
‘‘Yattha ca dinnamahapphalamāhu, catūsu sucīsu purisayugesu;
Aṭṭha ca puggaladhammadasā te, saṅghamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī’’ti. (vi. va. 888);
Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgho bhikkhusaṅgho. Ettāvatā ca brāhmaṇo tīṇi saraṇagamanāni paṭivedesi.
Pasannākārakathā niṭṭhitā.
Saraṇagamanakathā
Idāni tesveva tīsu saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ, saraṇagamanaṃ, yo saraṇaṃ gacchati,
Saraṇagamanappabhedo, saraṇagamanaphalaṃ, saṃkileso, bhedoti ayaṃ vidhi vedi tabbo. So pana idha vuccamāno atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ karotīti na vutto. Atthikehi pana papañcasūdaniyaṃ vā majjhimaṭṭhakathāyaṃ bhayabheravasuttavaṇṇanato (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.56) sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ vā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.250) saraṇavaṇṇanato gahetabboti.
Saraṇagamanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Upāsakattapaṭivedanākathā
Upāsakaṃmaṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretūti maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo ‘‘upāsako aya’’nti evaṃ dhāretūti attho. Upāsakavidhikosallatthaṃ panettha ko upāsako, kasmā upāsakoti vuccati, kimassa sīlaṃ, ko ājīvo, kā vipatti, kā sampattīti idaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ veditabbaṃ. Taṃ atibhāriyakaraṇato idha na vibhattaṃ, atthikehi pana papañcasūdaniyaṃ majjhimaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.56) vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Ajjataggeti ettha ayaṃ aggasaddo ādikoṭikoṭṭhāsaseṭṭhesu dissati. ‘‘Ajjatagge, samma dovārika, āvarāmi dvāraṃ nigaṇṭhānaṃ nigaṇṭhīna’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.70) hi ādimhi dissati. ‘‘Teneva aṅgulaggena taṃ aṅgulaggaṃ parāmaseyya (kathā. 441), ucchaggaṃ veḷagga’’ntiādīsu koṭiyaṃ. ‘‘Ambilaggaṃ vā madhuraggaṃ vā tittakaggaṃ vā (saṃ. ni. 5.374) anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vihāraggena vā pariveṇaggena vā bhājetu’’ntiādīsu (cūḷava. 318) koṭṭhāse. ‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā…pe… tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.34) seṭṭhe. Idha panāyaṃ ādimhi daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā ajjataggeti ajjataṃ ādiṃ katvāti evamettha attho veditabbo. Ajjatanti ajjabhāvanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ajjadagge icceva vā pāṭho, dakāro padasandhikaro, ajja aggaṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Pāṇupetanti pāṇehi upetaṃ, yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattati, tāva upetaṃ anaññasatthukaṃ tīhi saraṇagamanehi saraṇagataṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu jānātu, ahañhi sacepi me tikhiṇena asinā sīsaṃ chindeyyuṃ, neva buddhaṃ ‘‘na buddho’’ti vā, dhammaṃ ‘‘na dhammo’’ti vā, saṅghaṃ ‘‘na saṅgho’’ti vā vadeyyanti. Ettha ca brāhmaṇo pāṇupetaṃ saraṇagatanti puna saraṇagamanaṃ vadanto attasanniyyātanaṃ pakāsetīti veditabbo.
Evaṃ attānaṃ niyyātetvā bhagavantaṃ saparisaṃ upaṭṭhātukāmo āha – ‘‘adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṃ gotamo verañjāyaṃ vassāvāsaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti – upāsakañca maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu, adhivāsetu ca me verañjāyaṃ vassāvāsaṃ, tayo māse verañjaṃ upanissāya mama anuggahatthaṃ vāsaṃ sampaṭicchatūti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvenāti athassa vacanaṃ sutvā bhagavā kāyaṅgaṃ vā vācaṅgaṃ vā acopetvā abbhantareyeva khantiṃ cāretvā tuṇhībhāvena adhivāsesi; brāhmaṇassa anuggahatthaṃ manasāva sampaṭicchīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Athakho verañjo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvāti atha verañjo brāhmaṇo sace me samaṇo gotamo nādhivāseyya, kāyena vā vācāya vā paṭikkhipeyya. Yasmā pana appaṭikkhipitvā abbhantare khantiṃ dhāresi, tasmā me manasāva adhivāsesīti evaṃ ākārasallakkhaṇakusalatāya bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā, attano nisinnāsanato vuṭṭhāya catūsu disāsu bhagavantaṃ sakkaccaṃ vanditvā tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā āgatakālato pabhuti jātimahallakabrāhmaṇānaṃ abhivādanādīni na karotīti vigarahitvāpi idāni viññātabuddhaguṇo kāyena vācāya manasā ca anekakkhattuṃ vandantopi atittoyeva hutvā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā yāva dassanavisayo tāva paṭimukhoyeva apakkamitvā dassanavisayaṃ vijahanaṭṭhāne vanditvā pakkāmi.
Upāsakattapaṭivedanākathā niṭṭhitā.
Dubbhikkhakathā
16.Tena kho pana samayena verañjā dubbhikkhā hotīti yasmiṃ samaye verañjena brāhmaṇena bhagavā verañjaṃ upanissāya vassāvāsaṃ yācito , tena samayena verañjā dubbhikkhā hoti. Dubbhikkhāti dullabhabhikkhā; sā pana dullabhabhikkhatā yattha manussā assaddhā honti appasannā, tattha susassakālepi atisamagghepi pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇe hoti. Verañjāyaṃ pana yasmā na tathā ahosi, apica kho dusassatāya chātakadosena ahosi tasmā tamatthaṃ dassento dvīhitikātiādimāha. Tattha dvīhitikāti dvidhā pavattaīhitikā. Īhitaṃ nāma iriyā dvidhā pavattā – cittairiyā, cittaīhā. ‘‘Ettha lacchāma nu kho kiñci bhikkhamānā na lacchāmā’’ti, ‘‘jīvituṃ vā sakkhissāma nu kho no’’ti ayamettha adhippāyo.
Atha vā dvīhitikāti dujjīvikā, īhitaṃ īhā iriyanaṃ pavattanaṃ jīvitantiādīni padāni ekatthāni. Tasmā dukkhena īhitaṃ ettha pavattatīti dvīhitikāti ayamettha padattho. Setaṭṭhikāti setakāni aṭṭhīni etthāti setaṭṭhikā. Divasampi yācitvā kiñci aladdhā matānaṃ kapaṇamanussānaṃ ahicchattakavaṇṇehi aṭṭhīhi tatra tatra parikiṇṇāti vuttaṃ hoti. Setaṭṭikātipi pāṭho. Tassattho – setā aṭṭi etthāti setaṭṭikā. Aṭṭīti āturatā byādhi rogo. Tattha ca sassānaṃ gabbhaggahaṇakāle setakarogena upahatameva pacchinnakhīraṃ aggahitataṇḍulaṃ paṇḍarapaṇḍaraṃ sālisīsaṃ vā yavagodhūmasīsaṃ vā nikkhamati, tasmā ‘‘setaṭṭikā’’ti vuccati.
Vappakāle suṭṭhu abhisaṅkharitvāpi vuttasassaṃ tattha salākā eva sampajjatīti salākāvuttā; salākāya vā tattha jīvitaṃ pavattentīti salākāvuttā. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Tattha kira dhaññavikkayakānaṃ santikaṃ kayakesu gatesu dubbalamanusse abhibhavitvā balavamanussāva dhaññaṃ kiṇitvā gacchanti. Dubbalamanussā alabhamānā mahāsaddaṃ karonti. Dhaññavikkayakā ‘‘sabbesaṃ saṅgahaṃ karissāmā’’ti dhaññakaraṇaṭṭhāne dhaññamāpakaṃ nisīdāpetvā ekapasse vaṇṇajjhakkhaṃ nisīdāpesuṃ. Dhaññatthikā vaṇṇajjhakkhassa santikaṃ gacchanti. So āgatapaṭipāṭiyā mūlaṃ gahetvā ‘‘itthannāmassa ettakaṃ dātabba’’nti salākaṃ likhitvā deti, te taṃ gahetvā dhaññamāpakassa santikaṃ gantvā dinnapaṭipāṭiyā dhaññaṃ gaṇhanti. Evaṃ salākāya tattha jīvitaṃ pavattentīti salākāvuttā.
Na sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetunti paggahena yo uñcho, tena yāpetuṃ na sukarā. Pattaṃ gahetvā yaṃ ariyā uñchaṃ karonti, bhikkhācariyaṃ caranti, tena uñchena yāpetuṃ na sukarāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tadā kira tattha sattaṭṭhagāme piṇḍāya caritvā ekadivasampi yāpanamattaṃ na labhanti.
Tena kho pana samayena uttarāpathakā assavāṇijā…pe… assosi kho bhagavā udukkhalasaddanti – tenāti yasmiṃ samaye bhagavā verañjaṃ upanissāya vassāvāsaṃ upagato tena samayena. Uttarāpathavāsikā uttarāpathato vā āgatattā evaṃ laddhavohārā assavāṇijā uttarāpathe assānaṃ uṭṭhānaṭṭhāne pañca assasatāni gahetvā diguṇaṃ tiguṇaṃ lābhaṃ patthayamānā desantaraṃ gacchantā tehi attano vikkāyikabhaṇḍabhūtehi pañcamattehi assasatehi verañjaṃ vassāvāsaṃ upagatā honti. Kasmā? Na hi sakkā tasmiṃ dese vassike cattāro māse addhānaṃ paṭipajjituṃ. Upagacchantā ca bahinagare udakena anajjhottharaṇīye ṭhāne attano ca vāsāgārāni assānañca mandiraṃ kārāpetvā vatiyā parikkhipiṃsu. Tāni tesaṃ vasanaṭṭhānāni ‘‘assamaṇḍalikāyo’’ti paññāyiṃsu. Tenāha – ‘‘tehi assamaṇḍalikāsu bhikkhūnaṃ patthapatthapulakaṃ paññattaṃ hotī’’ti. Patthapatthapulakanti ekamekassa bhikkhuno patthapatthapamāṇaṃ pulakaṃ. Pattho nāma nāḷimattaṃ hoti, ekassa purisassa alaṃ yāpanāya. Vuttampi hetaṃ – ‘‘patthodano nālamayaṃ duvinna’’nti (jā. 2.21.192). Pulakaṃ nāma nitthusaṃ katvā ussedetvā gahitayavataṇḍulā vuccanti. Yadi hi sathusā honti, pāṇakā vijjhanti, addhānakkhamā na honti. Tasmā te vāṇijā addhānakkhamaṃ katvā yavataṇḍulamādāya addhānaṃ paṭipajjanti ‘‘yattha assānaṃ khādanīyaṃ tiṇaṃ dullabhaṃ bhavissati, tatthetaṃ assabhattaṃ bhavissatī’’ti.
Kasmā pana tehi taṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paññattanti? Vuccate – ‘‘na hi te dakkhiṇāpathamanussā viya assaddhā appasannā, te pana saddhā pasannā buddhamāmakā, dhammamāmakā, saṅghamāmakā; te pubbaṇhasamayaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena nagaraṃ pavisantā dve tayo divase addasaṃsu sattaṭṭha bhikkhū sunivatthe supārute iriyāpathasampanne sakalampi nagaraṃ piṇḍāya caritvā kiñci alabhamāne. Disvāna nesaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayyā imaṃ nagaraṃ upanissāya vassaṃ upagatā; chātakañca vattati, na ca kiñci labhanti, ativiya kilamanti. Mayañcamha āgantukā, na sakkoma nesaṃ devasikaṃ yāguñca bhattañca paṭiyādetuṃ. Amhākaṃ pana assā sāyañca pāto ca dvikkhattuṃ bhattaṃ labhanti. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ ekamekassa assassa pātarāsabhattato ekamekassa bhikkhuno patthapatthapulakaṃ dadeyyāma. Evaṃ ayyā ca na kilamissanti , assā ca yāpessantī’’ti. Te bhikkhūnaṃ santikaṃ gantvā etamatthaṃ ārocetvā ‘‘bhante, tumhe patthapatthapulakaṃ paṭiggahetvā yaṃ vā taṃ vā katvā paribhuñjathā’’ti yācitvā devasikaṃ patthapatthapulakaṃ paññapesuṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘tehi assamaṇḍalikāsu bhikkhūnaṃ patthapatthapulakaṃ paññattaṃ hotī’’ti.
Paññattanti niccabhattasaṅkhepena ṭhapitaṃ. Idāni bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvātiādīsu pubbaṇhasamayanti divasassa pubbabhāgasamayaṃ, pubbaṇhasamayeti attho. Pubbaṇhe vā samayaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ, pubbaṇhe ekaṃ khaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ labbhati. Nivāsetvāti paridahitvā, vihāranivāsanaparivattanavasenetaṃ veditabbaṃ. Na hi te tato pubbe anivatthā ahesuṃ. Pattacīvaramādāyāti pattaṃ hatthehi cīvaraṃ kāyena ādiyitvā sampaṭicchādetvā, dhāretvāti attho. Yena vā tena vā hi pakārena gaṇhantā ādāyaicceva vuccanti, yathā ‘‘samādāyeva pakkamatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.21). Piṇḍaṃ alabhamānāti sakalampi verañjaṃ caritvā tiṭṭhatu piṇḍo, antamaso ‘‘aticchathā’’ti vācampi alabhamānā.
Patthapatthapulakaṃ ārāmaṃ āharitvāti gatagataṭṭhāne laddhaṃ ekamekaṃ patthapatthapulakaṃ gahetvā ārāmaṃ netvā. Udukkhale koṭṭetvā koṭṭetvā paribhuñjantīti therānaṃ koci kappiyakārako natthi, yo nesaṃ taṃ gahetvā yāguṃ vā bhattaṃ vā paceyya. Sāmampi pacanaṃ samaṇasāruppaṃ na hoti na ca vaṭṭati. Te evaṃ no sallahukavuttitā ca bhavissati, sāmapākaparimocanañcāti aṭṭha aṭṭha janā vā dasa dasa janā vā ekato hutvā udukkhale koṭṭetvā koṭṭetvā sakaṃ sakaṃ paṭivīsaṃ udakena temetvā paribhuñjanti. Evaṃ paribhuñjitvā appossukkā samaṇadhammaṃ karonti . Bhagavato pana te assavāṇijā patthapulakañca denti, tadupiyañca sappimadhusakkaraṃ. Taṃ āyasmā ānando āharitvā silāyaṃ pisati. Puññavatā paṇḍitapurisena kataṃ manāpameva hoti. Atha naṃ pisitvā sappiādīhi sammā yojetvā bhagavato upanāmesi. Athettha devatā dibbojaṃ pakkhipanti. Taṃ bhagavā paribhuñjati. Paribhuñjitvā phalasamāpattiyā kālaṃ atināmeti. Na tato paṭṭhāya piṇḍāya carati.
Kiṃ panānandatthero tadā bhagavato upaṭṭhāko hotīti? Hoti, no ca kho upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ laddhā. Bhagavato hi paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassantare nibaddhupaṭṭhāko nāma natthi. Kadāci nāgasamālatthero bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhāsi, kadāci nāgitatthero, kadāci meghiyatthero, kadāci upavāṇatthero, kadāci sāgatatthero, kadāci sunakkhatto licchaviputto. Te attano ruciyā upaṭṭhahitvā yadā icchanti tadā pakkamanti. Ānandatthero tesu tesu upaṭṭhahantesu appossukko hoti, pakkantesu sayameva vattapaṭipattiṃ karoti. Bhagavāpi kiñcāpi me ñātiseṭṭho upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ na tāva labhati, atha kho evarūpesu ṭhānesu ayameva patirūpoti adhivāsesi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘āyasmā panānando patthapulakaṃ silāyaṃ pisitvā bhagavato upanāmesi, taṃ bhagavā paribhuñjatī’’ti.
Nanu ca manussā dubbhikkhakāle ativiya ussāhajātā puññāni karonti, attanā abhuñjitvāpi bhikkhūnaṃ dātabbaṃ maññanti. Te tadā kasmā kaṭacchubhikkhampi na adaṃsu? Ayañca verañjo brāhmaṇo mahatā ussāhena bhagavantaṃ vassāvāsaṃ yāci, so kasmā bhagavato atthibhāvampi na jānātīti? Vuccate – mārāvaṭṭanāya. Verañjañhi brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavato santikā pakkantamattameva sakalañca nagaraṃ samantā ca yojanamattaṃ yattha sakkā purebhattaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā paccāgantuṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ māro āvaṭṭetvā mohetvā sabbesaṃ asallakkhaṇabhāvaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Tasmā na koci antamaso sāmīcikammampi kattabbaṃ maññittha.
Kiṃ pana bhagavāpi mārāvaṭṭanaṃ ajānitvāva tattha vassaṃ upagatoti? No ajānitvā. Atha kasmā campā-sāvatthi-rājagahādīnaṃ aññatarasmiṃ na upagatoti? Tiṭṭhantu campā-sāvatthi-rājagahādīni, sacepi bhagavā tasmiṃ saṃvacchare uttarakuruṃ vā tidasapuraṃ vā gantvā vassaṃ upagaccheyya, tampi māro āvaṭṭeyya. So kira taṃ saṃvaccharaṃ ativiya āghātena pariyuṭṭhitacitto ahosi. Idha pana bhagavā imaṃ atirekakāraṇaṃ addasa – ‘‘assavāṇijā bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgahaṃ karissantī’’ti. Tasmā verañjāyameva vassaṃ upagacchi.
Kiṃ pana māro vāṇijake āvaṭṭetuṃ na sakkotīti? No na sakkoti, te pana āvaṭṭitapariyosāne āgamiṃsu. Paṭinivattitvā kasmā na āvaṭṭetīti? Avisahatāya. Na hi so tathāgatassa abhihaṭabhikkhāya nibaddhadānassa appitavattassa antarāyaṃ kātuṃ visahati. Catunnañhi na sakkā antarāyo kātuṃ. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Tathāgatassa abhihaṭabhikkhāsaṅkhepena vā nibaddhadānassa appitavattasaṅkhepena vā pariccattānaṃ catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ na sakkā kenaci antarāyo kātuṃ. Buddhānaṃ jīvitassa na sakkā kenaci antarāyo kātuṃ. Asītiyā anubyañjanānaṃ byāmappabhāya vā na sakkā kenaci antarāyo kātuṃ. Candimasūriyadevabrahmānampi hi pabhā tathāgatassa anubyañjanabyāmappabhāppadesaṃ patvā vihatānubhāvā honti. Buddhānaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇassa na sakkā kenaci antarāyo kātunti imesaṃ catunnaṃ na sakkā kenaci antarāyo kātuṃ. Tasmā mārena akatantarāyaṃ bhikkhaṃ bhagavā sasāvakasaṅgho tadā paribhuñjatīti veditabbo.
Evaṃ paribhuñjanto ca ekadivasaṃ assosi kho bhagavā udukkhalasaddanti bhagavā patthapatthapulakaṃ koṭṭentānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ musalasaṅghaṭṭajanitaṃ udukkhalasaddaṃ suṇi. Tato paraṃ jānantāpi tathāgatāti evamādi yaṃ parato ‘‘kinnu kho so, ānanda, udukkhalasaddo’’ti pucchi, tassa parihāradassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepavaṇṇanā – tathāgatā nāma jānantāpi sace tādisaṃ pucchākāraṇaṃ hoti, pucchanti. Sace pana tādisaṃ pucchākāraṇaṃ natthi, jānantāpi na pucchanti. Yasmā pana buddhānaṃ ajānanaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā ajānantāpīti na vuttaṃ. Kālaṃ viditvā pucchantīti sace tassā pucchāya so kālo hoti, evaṃ taṃ kālaṃ viditvā pucchanti; sace na hoti , evampi kālaṃ viditvāva na pucchanti. Evaṃ pucchantāpi ca atthasaṃhitaṃ tathāgatā pucchanti, yaṃ atthanissitaṃ kāraṇanissitaṃ, tadeva pucchanti, no anatthasaṃhitaṃ. Kasmā? Yasmā anatthasaṃhite setughāto tathāgatānaṃ. Setu vuccati maggo, maggeneva tādisassa vacanassa ghāto, samucchedoti vuttaṃ hoti.
Idāni atthasaṃhitanti ettha yaṃ atthasannissitaṃ vacanaṃ tathāgatā pucchanti, taṃ dassento ‘‘dvīhākārehī’’ti ādimāha. Tattha ākārehīti kāraṇehi. Dhammaṃ vā desessāmāti aṭṭhuppattiyuttaṃ suttaṃ vā pubbacaritakāraṇayuttaṃ jātakaṃ vā kathayissāma. Sāvakānaṃ vā sikkhāpadaṃpaññapessāmāti sāvakānaṃ vā tāya pucchāya vītikkamaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā garukaṃ vā lahukaṃ vā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāma āṇaṃ ṭhapessāmāti.
Atha kho bhagavā…pe… etamatthaṃ ārocesīti ettha natthi kiñci vattabbaṃ. Pubbe vuttameva hi bhikkhūnaṃ patthapatthapulakapaṭilābhaṃ sallahukavuttitaṃ sāmapākaparimocanañca ārocento etamatthaṃ ārocesīti vuccati. ‘‘Sādhusādhu, ānandā’’ti idaṃ pana bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sampahaṃsento āha. Sādhukāraṃ pana datvā dvīsu ākāresu ekaṃ gahetvā dhammaṃ desento āha – ‘‘tumhehi, ānanda, sappurisehi vijitaṃ, pacchimā janatā sālimaṃsodanaṃ atimaññissatī’’ti. Tatrāyamadhippāyo – tumhehi, ānanda, sappurisehi evaṃ dubbhikkhe dullabhapiṇḍe imāya sallahukavuttitāya iminā ca sallekhena vijitaṃ. Kiṃ vijitanti? Dubbhikkhaṃ vijitaṃ, lobho vijito, icchācāro vijito. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Ayaṃ verañjā dubbhikkhā, samantato pana anantarā gāmanigamā phalabhāranamitasassā subhikkhā sulabhapiṇḍā. Evaṃ santepi bhagavā idheva amhe niggaṇhitvā vasatī’’ti ekabhikkhussapi cintā vā vighāto vā natthi. Evaṃ tāva dubbhikkhaṃ vijitaṃ abhibhūtaṃ attano vase vattitaṃ.
Kathaṃ lobho vijito? ‘‘Ayaṃ verañjā dubbhikkhā, samantato pana anantarā gāmanigamā phalabhāranamitasassā subhikkhā sulabhapiṇḍā . Handa mayaṃ tattha gantvā paribhuñjissāmā’’ti lobhavasena ekabhikkhunāpi ratticchedo vā ‘‘pacchimikāya tattha vassaṃ upagacchāmā’’ti vassacchedo vā na kato. Evaṃ lobho vijito.
Kathaṃ icchācāro vijito? Ayaṃ verañjā dubbhikkhā, ime ca manussā amhe dve tayo māse vasantepi na kismiñci maññanti. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ guṇavāṇijjaṃ katvā ‘‘asuko bhikkhu paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī…pe… asuko chaḷabhiññoti evaṃ manussānaṃ aññamaññaṃ pakāsetvā kucchiṃ paṭijaggitvā pacchā sīlaṃ adhiṭṭhaheyyāmā’’ti ekabhikkhunāpi evarūpā icchā na uppāditā. Evaṃ icchācāro vijito abhibhūto attano vase vattitoti.
Anāgate pana pacchimā janatā vihāre nisinnā appakasireneva labhitvāpi ‘‘kiṃ idaṃ uttaṇḍulaṃ atikilinnaṃ aloṇaṃ atiloṇaṃ anambilaṃ accambilaṃ, ko iminā attho’’ti ādinā nayena sālimaṃsodanaṃ atimaññissati, oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ karissati. Atha vā janapado nāma na sabbakālaṃ dubbhikkho hoti. Ekadā dubbhikkho hoti, ekadā subhikkho hoti. Svāyaṃ yadā subhikkho bhavissati, tadā tumhākaṃ sappurisānaṃ imāya paṭipattiyā pasannā manussā bhikkhūnaṃ yāgukhajjakādippabhedena anekappakāraṃ sālivikatiṃ maṃsodanañca dātabbaṃ maññissanti. Taṃ tumhe nissāya uppannaṃ sakkāraṃ tumhākaṃ sabrahmacārīsaṅkhātā pacchimā janatā tumhākaṃ antare nisīditvā anubhavamānāva atimaññissati, tappaccayaṃ mānañca omānañca karissati. Kathaṃ? Kasmā ettakaṃ pakkaṃ, kiṃ tumhākaṃ bhājanāni natthi, yattha attano santakaṃ pakkhipitvā ṭhapeyyāthāti.
Dubbhikkhakathā niṭṭhitā.
Mahāmoggallānassasīhanādakathā
17.Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallānotiādīsu āyasmāti piyavacanametaṃ, garugāravasappatissādhivacanametaṃ. Mahāmoggallānoti mahā ca so guṇamahantatāya moggallāno ca gottenāti mahāmoggallāno. Etadavocāti etaṃ avoca. Idāni vattabbaṃ ‘‘etarahi bhante’’tiādivacanaṃ dasseti. Kasmā avoca? Thero kira pabbajitvā sattame divase sāvakapāramiñāṇassa matthakaṃ patto, satthārāpi mahiddhikatāya etadagge ṭhapito. So taṃ attano mahiddhikataṃ nissāya cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ verañjā dubbhikkhā, bhikkhū ca kilamanti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ pathaviṃ parivattetvā bhikkhū pappaṭakojaṃ bhojeyya’’nti. Athassa etadahosi – ‘‘sace panāhaṃ bhagavato santike viharanto bhagavantaṃ ayācitvā evaṃ kareyyaṃ, na metaṃ assa patirūpaṃ; yugaggāho viya bhagavatā saddhiṃ kato bhaveyyā’’ti. Tasmā yācitukāmo āgantvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca.
Heṭṭhimatalaṃ sampannanti pathaviyā kira heṭṭhimatale pathavimaṇḍo pathavojo pathavi-pappaṭako atthi, taṃ sandhāya vadati. Tattha sampannanti madhuraṃ, sādurasanti attho. Yatheva hi ‘‘tatrassa rukkho sampannaphalo ca upapannaphalo cā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.48) ettha madhuraphaloti attho; evamidhāpi sampannanti madhuraṃ sādurasanti veditabbaṃ. Seyyathāpi khuddamadhuṃ anīḷakanti idaṃ panassa madhuratāya opammanidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Khuddamadhunti khuddakamakkhikāhi katamadhu. Anīḷakanti nimmakkhikaṃ nimmakkhikaṇḍakaṃ parisuddhaṃ. Etaṃ kira madhu sabbamadhūhi aggañca seṭṭhañca surasañca ojavantañca. Tenāha – ‘‘seyyathāpi khuddamadhuṃ anīḷakaṃ evamassāda’’nti.
Sādhāhaṃ, bhanteti sādhu ahaṃ, bhante. Ettha sādhūti āyācanavacanametaṃ. Pathaviparivattanaṃ āyācanto hi thero bhagavantaṃ evamāha. Parivatteyyanti ukkujjeyyaṃ, heṭṭhimatalaṃ uparimaṃ kareyyaṃ. Kasmā? Evañhi kate sukhena bhikkhū pappaṭakojaṃ pathavimaṇḍaṃ paribhuñjissantīti. Atha bhagavā ananuññātukāmopi theraṃ sīhanādaṃ nadāpetuṃ pucchi – ‘‘ye pana te, moggallāna, pathavinissitā pāṇā te kathaṃ karissasī’’ti. Ye pathavinissitā gāmanigamādīsu pāṇā, te pathaviyā parivattiyamānāya ākāse saṇṭhātuṃ asakkonte kathaṃ karissasi, kattha ṭhapessasīti? Atha thero bhagavatā etadagge ṭhapitabhāvānurūpaṃ attano iddhānubhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘ekāhaṃ, bhante’’tiādimāha. Tassattho – ekaṃ ahaṃ bhante hatthaṃ yathā ayaṃ mahāpathavī evaṃ abhinimminissāmi, pathavisadisaṃ karissāmi. Evaṃ katvā ye pathavinissitā pāṇā te ekasmiṃ hatthatale ṭhite pāṇe tato dutiyahatthatale saṅkāmento viya tattha saṅkāmessāmīti.
Athassa bhagavā āyācanaṃ paṭikkhipanto ‘‘alaṃ moggallānā’’tiādimāha. Tattha alanti paṭikkhepavacanaṃ. Vipallāsampi sattā paṭilabheyyunti viparītaggāhampi sattā sampāpuṇeyyuṃ. Kathaṃ? Ayaṃ nu kho pathavī , udāhu na ayanti. Atha vā amhākaṃ nu kho ayaṃ gāmo, udāhu aññesa’’nti. Evaṃ nigamajanapadakhettārāmādīsu. Na vā esa vipallāso, acinteyyo hi iddhimato iddhivisayo. Evaṃ pana vipallāsaṃ paṭilabheyyuṃ – idaṃ dubbhikkhaṃ nāma na idāniyeva hoti, anāgatepi bhavissati. Tadā bhikkhū tādisaṃ iddhimantaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ kuto labhissanti? Te sotāpanna-sakadāgāmi-anāgāmi-sukkhavipassaka-jhānalābhi-paṭisambhidāppattakhīṇāsavāpi samānā iddhibalābhāvā parakulāni piṇḍāya upasaṅkamissanti. Tatra manussānaṃ evaṃ bhavissati – ‘‘buddhakāle bhikkhū sikkhāsu paripūrakārino ahesuṃ. Te guṇe nibbattetvā dubbhikkhakāle pathaviṃ parivattetvā pappaṭakojaṃ paribhuñjiṃsu. Idāni pana sikkhāya paripūrakārino natthi. Yadi siyuṃ, tatheva kareyyuṃ. Na amhākaṃ yaṃ kiñci pakkaṃ vā āmaṃ vā khādituṃ dadeyyu’’nti. Evaṃ tesuyeva ariyapuggalesu ‘‘natthi ariyapuggalā’’ti imaṃ vipallāsaṃ paṭilabheyyuṃ. Vipallāsavasena ca ariye garahantā upavadantā apāyupagā bhaveyyuṃ. Tasmā mā te rucci pathaviṃ parivattetunti.
Atha thero imaṃ yācanaṃ alabhamāno aññaṃ yācanto ‘‘sādhu, bhante’’tiādimāha. Tampissa bhagavā paṭikkhipanto ‘‘alaṃmoggallānā’’tiādimāha. Tattha kiñcāpi na vuttaṃ ‘‘vipallāsampi sattā paṭilabheyyu’’nti, atha kho pubbe vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ; atthopi cassa vuttasadisameva veditabbo. Yadi pana bhagavā anujāneyya, thero kiṃ kareyyāti? Mahāsamuddaṃ ekena padavītihārena atikkamitabbaṃ mātikāmattaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā naḷerupucimandato uttarakuruabhimukhaṃ maggaṃ nīharitvā uttarakuruṃ gamanāgamanasampanne ṭhāne katvā dasseyya, yathā bhikkhū gocaragāmaṃ viya yathāsukhaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā nikkhameyyunti.
Niṭṭhitā mahāmoggallānassa sīhanādakathā.
Vinayapaññattiyācanakathāvaṇṇanā
18. Idāni āyasmā upāli vinayapaññattiyā mūlato pabhuti nidānaṃ dassetuṃ sāriputtattherassa sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vitakkuppādaṃ dassento ‘‘atha kho āyasmato sāriputtassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha rahogatassāti rahasi gatassa. Paṭisallīnassāti sallīnassa ekībhāvaṃ gatassa. Katamesānanti atītesu vipassīādīsu buddhesu katamesaṃ. Ciraṃ assa ṭhiti, cirā vā assa ṭhitīti ciraṭṭhitikaṃ. Sesamettha uttānapadatthameva.
Kiṃ pana thero imaṃ attano parivitakkaṃ sayaṃ vinicchinituṃ na sakkotīti? Vuccate – sakkoti ca na sakkoti ca. Ayañhi imesaṃ nāma buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ahosi, imesaṃ ciraṭṭhitikanti ettakaṃ sakkoti vinicchinituṃ. Iminā pana kāraṇena na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ahosi, iminā ciraṭṭhitikanti etaṃ na sakkoti. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – ‘‘etampi soḷasavidhāya paññāya matthakaṃ pattassa aggasāvakassa na bhāriyaṃ, sammāsambuddhena pana saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne vasantassa sayaṃ vinicchayakaraṇaṃ tulaṃ chaḍḍetvā hatthena tulanasadisaṃ hotīti bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā pucchī’’ti. Athassa bhagavā taṃ vissajjento ‘‘bhagavato ca sāriputta vipassissā’’tiādimāha. Taṃ uttānatthameva.
19. Puna thero kāraṇaṃ pucchanto ko nu kho, bhante, hetūtiādimāha. Tattha ko nu kho bhanteti kāraṇapucchā , tassa katamo nu kho bhanteti attho. Hetu paccayoti ubhayametaṃ kāraṇādhivacanaṃ; kāraṇañhi yasmā tena tassa phalaṃ hinoti pavattati, tasmā hetūti vuccati. Yasmā taṃ paṭicca eti pavattati, tasmā paccayoti vuccati. Evaṃ atthato ekampi vohāravasena ca vacanasiliṭṭhatāya ca tatra tatra etaṃ ubhayampi vuccati. Sesamettha uttānatthameva.
Idāni taṃ hetuñca paccayañca dassetuṃ ‘‘bhagavā ca sāriputta vipassī’’tiādimāha. Tattha kilāsuno ahesunti na ālasiyakilāsuno, na hi buddhānaṃ ālasiyaṃ vā osannavīriyatā vā atthi. Buddhā hi ekassa vā dvinnaṃ vā sakalacakkavāḷassa vā dhammaṃ desentā samakeneva ussāhena dhammaṃ desenti, na parisāya appabhāvaṃ disvā osannavīriyā honti, nāpi mahantabhāvaṃ disvā ussannavīriyā. Yathā hi sīho migarājā sattannaṃ divasānaṃ accayena gocarāya pakkanto khuddake vā mahante vā pāṇe ekasadiseneva vegena dhāvati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Mā me javo parihāyī’’ti. Evaṃ buddhā appakāya vā mahatiyā vā parisāya samakeneva ussāhena dhammaṃ desenti. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Mā no dhammagarutā parihāyī’’ti. Dhammagaruno hi buddhā dhammagāravāti.
Yathā pana amhākaṃ bhagavā mahāsamuddaṃ pūrayamāno viya vitthārena dhammaṃ desesi, evaṃ te na desesuṃ. Kasmā? Sattānaṃ apparajakkhatāya. Tesaṃ kira kāle dīghāyukā sattā apparajakkhā ahesuṃ. Te catusaccapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ ekagāthampi sutvā dhammaṃ abhisamenti, tasmā na vitthārena dhammaṃ desesuṃ. Teneva kāraṇena appakañca nesaṃ ahosi suttaṃ…pe… vedallanti. Tattha suttādīnaṃ nānattaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītivaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva.
Apaññattaṃsāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadanti sāvakānaṃ niddosatāya dosānurūpato paññapetabbaṃ sattāpattikkhandhavasena āṇāsikkhāpadaṃ apaññattaṃ. Anuddiṭṭhaṃpātimokkhanti anvaddhamāsaṃ āṇāpātimokkhaṃ anuddiṭṭhaṃ ahosi. Ovādapātimokkhameva te uddisiṃsu; tampi ca no anvaddhamāsaṃ. Tathā hi vipassī bhagavā channaṃ channaṃ vassānaṃ sakiṃ sakiṃ ovādapātimokkhaṃ uddisi; tañca kho sāmaṃyeva. Sāvakā panassa attano attano vasanaṭṭhānesu na uddisiṃsu. Sakalajambudīpe ekasmiṃyeva ṭhāne bandhumatiyā rājadhāniyā kheme migadāye vipassissa bhagavato vasanaṭṭhāne sabbopi bhikkhusaṅgho uposathaṃ akāsi. Tañca kho saṅghuposathameva; na gaṇuposathaṃ, na puggaluposathaṃ, na pārisuddhiuposathaṃ, na adhiṭṭhānuposathaṃ.
Tadā kira jambudīpe caturāsītivihārasahassāni honti. Ekamekasmiṃ vihāre abbokiṇṇāni dasapi vīsatipi bhikkhusahassāni vasanti, bhiyyopi vasanti. Uposathārocikā devatā tattha tattha gantvā ārocenti – ‘‘mārisā, ekaṃ vassaṃ atikkantaṃ, dve tīṇi cattāri pañca vassāni atikkantāni, idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ vassaṃ, āgāminiyā puṇṇamāsiyā buddhadassanatthaṃ uposathakaraṇatthañca gantabbaṃ! Sampatto vo sannipātakālo’’ti. Tato sānubhāvā bhikkhū attano attano ānubhāvena gacchanti, itare devatānubhāvena. Kathaṃ? Te kira bhikkhū pācīnasamuddante vā pacchimauttaradakkhiṇasamuddante vā ṭhitā gamiyavattaṃ pūretvā pattacīvaramādāya ‘‘gacchāmā’’ti cittaṃ uppādenti; saha cittuppādā uposathaggaṃ gatāva honti. Te vipassiṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā nisīdanti. Bhagavāpi sannisinnāya parisāya imaṃ ovādapātimokkhaṃ uddisati.
‘‘Khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā;
Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā;
Na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī;
Na samaṇo hoti paraṃ viheṭhayanto.
‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Anupavādo anupaghāto, pātimokkhe ca saṃvaro;
Mattaññutā ca bhattasmiṃ, pantañca sayanāsanaṃ;
Adhicitte ca āyogo, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183-185);
Eteneva upāyena itaresampi buddhānaṃ pātimokkhuddeso veditabbo. Sabbabuddhānañhi imā tissova ovādapātimokkhagāthāyo honti. Tā dīghāyukabuddhānaṃ yāva sāsanapariyantā uddesamāgacchanti; appāyukabuddhānaṃ paṭhamabodhiyaṃyeva. Sikkhāpadapaññattikālato pana pabhuti āṇāpātimokkhameva uddisīyati. Tañca kho bhikkhū eva uddisanti, na buddhā. Tasmā amhākampi bhagavā paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassamattameva idaṃ ovādapātimokkhaṃ uddisi. Athekadivasaṃ pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde nisinno bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na dānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ito paraṃ uposathaṃ karissāmi pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmi, tumheva dāni bhikkhave ito paraṃ uposathaṃ kareyyātha, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyātha. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso yaṃ tathāgato aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathaṃ kareyya, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyā’’ti (cūḷava. 386). Tato paṭṭhāya bhikkhū āṇāpātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Idaṃ āṇāpātimokkhaṃ tesaṃ anuddiṭṭhaṃ ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘anuddiṭṭhaṃ pātimokkha’’nti.
Tesaṃbuddhānanti tesaṃ vipassīādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ. Antaradhānenāti khandhantaradhānena; parinibbānenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Buddhānubuddhānanti ye tesaṃ buddhānaṃ anubuddhā sammukhasāvakā tesañca khandhantaradhānena. Ye te pacchimā sāvakāti ye tesaṃ sammukhasāvakānaṃ santike pabbajitā pacchimā sāvakā. Nānānāmāti ‘‘buddharakkhito, dhammarakkhito’’tiādi nāmavasena vividhanāmā. Nānāgottāti ‘‘gotamo, moggallāno’’tiādi gottavasena vividhagottā. Nānājaccāti ‘‘khattiyo, brāhmaṇo’’tiādijātivasena nānājaccā. Nānākulā pabbajitāti khattiyakulādivase neva uccanīcauḷāruḷārabhogādikulavasena vā vividhakulā nikkhamma pabbajitā.
Tetaṃ brahmacariyanti te pacchimā sāvakā yasmā ekanāmā ekagottā ekajātikā ekakulā pabbajitā ‘‘amhākaṃ sāsanaṃ tanti paveṇī’’ti attano bhāraṃ katvā brahmacariyaṃ rakkhanti, ciraṃ pariyattidhammaṃ pariharanti. Ime ca tādisā na honti. Tasmā aññamaññaṃ viheṭhentā vilomaṃ gaṇhantā ‘‘asuko thero jānissati, asuko thero jānissatī’’ti sithilaṃ karontā taṃ brahmacariyaṃ khippaññeva antaradhāpesuṃ, saṅgahaṃ āropetvā na rakkhiṃsu. Seyyathāpīti tassatthassa opammanidassanaṃ. Vikiratīti vikkhipati. Vidhamatīti ṭhānantaraṃ neti. Viddhaṃsetīti ṭhitaṭṭhānato apaneti. Yathā taṃ suttena asaṅgahitattāti yathā suttena asaṅgahitattā aganthitattā abaddhattā evaṃ vikirati yathā suttena asaṅgahitāni vikiriyanti, evaṃ vikiratīti vuttaṃ hoti. Evameva khoti opammasampaṭipādanaṃ. Antaradhāpesunti vaggasaṅgaha-paṇṇāsasaṅgahādīhi asaṅgaṇhantā yaṃ yaṃ attano ruccati, taṃ tadeva gahetvā sesaṃ vināsesuṃ adassanaṃ nayiṃsu.
Akilāsuno ca te bhagavanto ahesuṃ sāvake cetasā ceto paricca ovaditunti apica sāriputta te buddhā attano cetasā sāvakānaṃ ceto paricca paricchinditvā ovadituṃ akilāsuno ahesuṃ, paracittaṃ ñatvā anusāsaniṃ na bhāriyato na papañcato addasaṃsu. Bhūtapubbaṃ sāriputtātiādi tesaṃ akilāsubhāvappakāsanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Bhiṃsanaketi bhayānake bhayajananake. Evaṃ vitakkethāti nekkhammavitakkādayo tayo vitakke vitakketha. Mā evaṃ vitakkayitthāti kāmavitakkādayo tayo akusalavitakke mā vitakkayittha. Evaṃ manasi karothāti ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhamanattā asubha’’nti manasi karotha. Mā evaṃ manasā katthāti ‘‘niccaṃ sukhaṃ attā subha’’nti mā manasi akarittha. Idaṃ pajahathāti akusalaṃ pajahatha. Idaṃ upasampajja viharathāti kusalaṃ upasampajja paṭilabhitvā nipphādetvā viharatha.
Anupādāyaāsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsūti aggahetvā vimucciṃsu. Tesañhi cittāni yehi āsavehi vimucciṃsu, na te tāni gahetvā vimucciṃsu. Anuppādanirodhena pana nirujjhamānā aggahetvā vimucciṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsū’’ti. Sabbepi te arahattaṃ patvā sūriyarasmisamphuṭṭhamiva padumavanaṃ vikasitacittā ahesuṃ. Tatra sudaṃ sāriputta bhiṃsanakassa vanasaṇḍassa bhiṃsanakatasmiṃ hotīti tatrāti purimavacanāpekkhaṃ; sudanti padapūraṇamatte nipāto; sāriputtāti ālapanaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha atthayojanā – tatrāti yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘aññatarasmiṃ bhiṃsanake vanasaṇḍe’’ti, tatra yo so bhiṃsanakoti vanasaṇḍo vutto, tassa bhiṃsanakassa vanasaṇḍassa bhiṃsanakatasmiṃ hoti, bhiṃsanakiriyāya hotīti attho. Kiṃ hoti? Idaṃ hoti – yo koci avītarāgo…pe… lomāni haṃsantīti.
Atha vā tatrāti sāmiatthe bhummaṃ. Suiti nipāto; ‘‘kiṃ su nāma te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.469) viya. Idanti adhippetamatthaṃ paccakkhaṃ viya katvā dassanavacanaṃ. Suidanti sudaṃ, sandhivasena ikāralopo veditabbo. ‘‘Cakkhundriyaṃ, itthindriyaṃ, anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ (vibha. 219), ‘‘kiṃ sūdha vitta’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.73, 246; su. ni. 183) viya. Ayaṃ panettha atthayojanā – tassa sāriputta bhiṃsanakassa vanasaṇḍassa bhiṃsanakatasmiṃ idaṃsu hoti. Bhiṃsanakatasminti bhiṃsanakabhāveti attho. Ekassa takārassa lopo daṭṭhabbo. Bhiṃsanakattasmintiyeva vā pāṭho. ‘‘Bhiṃsanakatāya’’ iti vā vattabbe liṅgavipallāso kato. Nimittatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ, tasmā evaṃ sambandho veditabbo – bhiṃsanakabhāve idaṃsu hoti, bhiṃsanakabhāvanimittaṃ bhiṃsanakabhāvahetu bhiṃsanakabhāvapaccayā idaṃsu hoti. Yo koci avītarāgo taṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ pavisati, yebhuyyena lomāni haṃsantīti bahutarāni lomāni haṃsanti uddhaṃ mukhāni sūcisadisāni kaṇṭakasadisāni ca hutvā tiṭṭhanti, appāni na haṃsanti. Bahutarānaṃ vā sattānaṃ haṃsanti. Appakānaṃ atisūrapurisānaṃ na haṃsanti.
Idāni ayaṃ kho, sāriputta, hetūtiādi nigamanaṃ. Yañcettha antarantarā na vuttaṃ, taṃ uttānatthameva. Tasmā pāḷikkameneva veditabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ahosīti, taṃ purisayugavasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Vassagaṇanāya hi vipassissa bhagavato asītivassasahassāni āyu, sammukhasāvakānampissa tattakameva. Evamassa yvāyaṃ sabbapacchimako sāvako, tena saha ghaṭetvā satasahassaṃ saṭṭhimattāni ca vassasahassāni brahmacariyaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Purisayugavasena pana yugaparamparāya āgantvā dveyeva purisayugāni aṭṭhāsi. Tasmā na ciraṭṭhitikanti vuttaṃ. Sikhissa pana bhagavato sattativassasahassāni āyu. Sammukhasāvakānampissa tattakameva. Vessabhussa bhagavato saṭṭhivassasahassāni āyu. Sammukhasāvakānampissa tattakameva. Evaṃ tesampi ye sabbapacchimakā sāvakā tehi saha ghaṭetvā satasahassato uddhaṃ cattālīsamattāni vīsatimattāni ca vassasahassāni brahmacariyaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Purisayugavasena pana yugaparamparāya āgantvā dve dveyeva purisayugāni aṭṭhāsi. Tasmā na ciraṭṭhitikanti vuttaṃ.
20. Evaṃ āyasmā sāriputto tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ brahmacariyassa na ciraṭṭhitikāraṇaṃ sutvā itaresaṃ tiṇṇaṃ brahmacariyassa ciraṭṭhitikāraṇaṃ sotukāmo puna bhagavantaṃ ‘‘ko pana bhante hetū’’ti ādinā nayena pucchi. Bhagavāpissa byākāsi. Taṃ sabbaṃ vuttapaṭipakkhavasena veditabbaṃ. Ciraṭṭhitikabhāvepi cettha tesaṃ buddhānaṃ āyuparimāṇatopi purisayugatopi ubhayathā ciraṭṭhitikatā veditabbā. Kakusandhassa hi bhagavato cattālīsavassasahassāni āyu, koṇāgamanassa bhagavato tiṃsavassasahassāni, kassapassa bhagavato vīsativassasahassāni; sammukhasāvakānampi nesaṃ tattakameva. Bahūni ca nesaṃ sāvakayugāni paramparāya brahmacariyaṃ pavattesuṃ. Evaṃ tesaṃ āyuparimāṇatopi sāvakayugatopi ubhayathā brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ahosi.
Amhākaṃ pana bhagavato kassapassa bhagavato upaḍḍhāyukappamāṇe dasavassasahassāyukakāle uppajjitabbaṃ siyā. Taṃ asambhuṇantena pañcavassasahassāyukakāle, ekavassasahassāyukakāle, pañcavassasatāyukakālepi vā uppajjitabbaṃ siyā. Yasmā panassa buddhattakārake dhamme esantassa pariyesantassa ñāṇaṃ paripācentassa gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpentassa vassasatāyukakāle ñāṇaṃ paripākamagamāsi. Tasmā atiparittāyukakāle uppanno. Tenassa sāvakaparamparāvasena ciraṭṭhitikampi brahmacariyaṃ āyuparimāṇavasena vassagaṇanāya naciraṭṭhitikamevāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.
21.Atha kho āyasmā sāriputtoti ko anusandhi? Evaṃ tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ brahmacariyassa ciraṭṭhitikāraṇaṃ sutvā sikkhāpadapaññattiyeva ciraṭṭhitikabhāvahetūti niṭṭhaṃ gantvā bhagavatopi brahmacariyassa ciraṭṭhitikabhāvaṃ icchanto āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ sikkhāpadapaññattiṃ yāci. Tassā yācanavidhidassanatthametaṃ vuttaṃ – atha kho āyasmā sāriputto uṭṭhāyāsanā …pe… ciraṭṭhitikanti. Tattha addhaniyanti addhānakkhamaṃ; dīghakālikanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.
Athassa bhagavā ‘‘na tāvāyaṃ sikkhāpadapaññattikālo’’ti pakāsento ‘‘āgamehi tvaṃ sāriputtā’’tiādimāha. Tattha āgamehi tvanti tiṭṭha tāva tvaṃ; adhivāsehi tāva tvanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ādaratthavasenevettha dvikkhattuṃ vuttaṃ. Etena bhagavā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sāvakānaṃ visayabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘buddhavisayova sikkhāpadapaññattī’’ti āvikaronto ‘‘tathāgato vā’’tiādimāha. Ettha ca tatthāti sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanāpekkhaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ yojanā – yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeyyā’’ti, tattha tassā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā tathāgatoyeva kālaṃ jānissatīti. Evaṃ vatvā akālaṃ tāva dassetuṃ ‘‘na tāva sāriputtā’’tiādimāha.
Tattha āsavā tiṭṭhanti etesūti āsavaṭṭhānīyā. Yesu diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikā dukkhāsavā kilesāsavā ca parūpavādavippaṭisāravadhabandhanādayo ceva apāyadukkhavisesabhūtā ca āsavā tiṭṭhantiyeva, yasmā nesaṃ te kāraṇaṃ hontīti attho. Te āsavaṭṭhānīyā vītikkamadhammā yāva na saṅghe pātubhavanti, na tāva satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetīti ayamettha yojanā. Yadi hi paññapeyya, parūpavādā parūpārambhā garahadosā na parimucceyya.
Kathaṃ? Paññapentena hi ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyyā’’tiādi sabbaṃ paññapetabbaṃ bhaveyya. Adisvāva vītikkamadosaṃ imaṃ paññattiṃ ñatvā pare evaṃ upavādañca upārambhañca garahañca pavatteyyuṃ – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇo gotamo bhikkhusaṅgho me anvāyiko vacanakaroti ettāvatā sikkhāpadehi paliveṭhessati, pārājikaṃ paññapessati? Nanu ime kulaputtā mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ mahantañca ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ hatthagatāni ca rajjānipi pahāya pabbajitā, ghāsacchādanaparamatāya santuṭṭhā, sikkhāya tibbagāravā, kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkhā viharanti. Tesu nāma ko lokāmisabhūtaṃ methunaṃ vā paṭisevissati, parabhaṇḍaṃ vā harissati, parassa vā iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ atimadhuraṃ jīvitaṃ upacchindissati, abhūtaguṇakathāya vā jīvitaṃ kappessati! Nanu pārājike apaññattepi pabbajjāsaṅkhepenevetaṃ pākaṭaṃ kata’’nti. Tathāgatassa ca thāmañca balañca sattā na jāneyyuṃ. Paññattampi sikkhāpadaṃ kuppeyya, na yathāṭhāne tiṭṭheyya. Seyyathāpi nāma akusalo vejjo kañci anuppannagaṇḍaṃ purisaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘ehi bho purisa, imasmiṃ te sarīrappadese mahāgaṇḍo uppajjitvā anayabyasanaṃ pāpessati, paṭikacceva naṃ tikicchāpehī’’ti vatvā ‘‘sādhācariya, tvaṃyeva naṃ tikicchassū’’ti vutto tassa arogaṃ sarīrappadesaṃ phāletvā lohitaṃ nīharitvā ālepanabandhanadhovanādīhi taṃ padesaṃ sañchaviṃ katvā taṃ purisaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘mahārogo te mayā tikicchito, dehi me deyyadhamma’’nti. So taṃ ‘‘kimayaṃ bālavejjo vadati? Kataro kira me iminā rogo tikicchito? Nanu me ayaṃ dukkhañca janeti, lohitakkhayañca maṃ pāpetī’’ti evaṃ upavadeyya ceva upārambheyya ca garaheyya ca, na cassa guṇaṃ jāneyya. Evameva yadi anuppanne vītikkamadose satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeyya, parūpavādādīhi ca na parimucceyya, na cassa thāmaṃ vā balaṃ vā sattā jāneyyuṃ, paññattampi sikkhāpadaṃ kuppeyya, na yathāṭhāne tiṭṭheyya. Tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘na tāva sāriputta satthā sāvakānaṃ…pe… pātubhavantī’’ti.
Evaṃ akālaṃ dassetvā puna kālaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yato ca kho sāriputtā’’tiādimāha. Tattha yatoti yadā; yasmiṃ kāleti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ vuttānusāreneva veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ vā hettha saṅkhepattho – yasmiṃ samaye ‘‘āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā’’ti saṅkhyaṃ gatā vītikkamadosā saṅghe pātubhavanti, tadā satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeti, uddisati pātimokkhaṃ. Kasmā? Tesaṃyeva ‘‘āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā’’ti saṅkhyaṃ gatānaṃ vītikkamadosānaṃ paṭighātāya. Evaṃ paññapento yathā nāma kusalo vejjo uppannaṃ gaṇḍaṃ phālanalepanabandhanadhovanādīhi tikicchanto rogaṃ vūpasametvā sañchaviṃ katvā na tveva upavādādiraho hoti, sake ca ācariyake viditānubhāvo hutvā sakkāraṃ pāpuṇāti; evaṃ na ca upavādādiraho hoti, sake ca sabbaññuvisaye viditānubhāvo hutvā sakkāraṃ pāpuṇāti. Tañcassa sikkhāpadaṃ akuppaṃ hoti, yathāṭhāne tiṭṭhatīti.
Evaṃ āsavaṭṭhānīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppattiṃ sikkhāpadapaññattiyā akālaṃ uppattiñca kālanti vatvā idāni tesaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppattikālañca uppattikālañca dassetuṃ ‘‘na tāva sāriputta idhekacce’’tiādimāha. Tattha uttānatthāni padāni pāḷivaseneva veditabbāni. Ayaṃ pana anuttānapadavaṇṇanā – rattiyo jānantīti rattaññū, attano pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya bahukā rattiyo jānanti, cirapabbajitāti vuttaṃ hoti. Rattaññūhi mahattaṃ rattaññumahattaṃ; cirapabbajitehi mahantabhāvanti attho. Tatra rattaññumahattaṃ patte saṅghe upasenaṃ vaṅgantaputtaṃ ārabbha sikkhāpadaṃ paññattanti veditabbaṃ. So hāyasmā ūnadasavasse bhikkhū upasampādente disvā ekavasso saddhivihārikaṃ upasampādesi. Atha bhagavā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave , ūnadasavassena upasampādetabbo. Yo upasampādeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (mahāva. 75). Evaṃ paññatte sikkhāpade puna bhikkhū ‘‘dasavassāmha dasavassāmhā’’ti bālā abyattā upasampādenti. Atha bhagavā aparampi sikkhāpadaṃ paññāpesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, bālena abyattena upasampādetabbo. Yo upasampādeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena dasavassena vā atirekadasavassena vā upasampādetu’’nti (mahāva. 76) rattaññumahattaṃ pattakāle dve sikkhāpadāni paññattāni.
Vepullamahattanti vipulabhāvena mahattaṃ. Saṅgho hi yāva na theranavamajjhimānaṃ vasena vepullamahattaṃ patto hoti, tāva senāsanāni pahonti. Sāsane ekacce āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā na uppajjanti. Vepullamahattaṃ pana patte te uppajjanti. Atha satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeti. Tattha vepullamahattaṃ patte saṅghe paññattasikkhāpadāni ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu anupasampannena uttari dirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeyya, pācittiyaṃ’’ (pāci. 51); ‘‘yā pana bhikkhunī anuvassaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiyaṃ’’ (pāci. 1171); ‘‘yā pana bhikkhunī ekaṃ vassaṃ dve vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 1175) iminā nayena veditabbāni.
Lābhaggamahattanti lābhassa aggamahattaṃ; yo lābhassa aggo uttamo mahantabhāvo, taṃ patto hotīti attho. Lābhena vā aggamahattampi, lābhena seṭṭhattañca mahantattañca pattoti attho. Saṅgho hi yāva na lābhaggamahattaṃ patto hoti, tāva na lābhaṃ paṭicca āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā uppajjanti. Patte pana uppajjanti, atha satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeti – ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu acelakassa vā paribbājakassa vā paribbājikāya vā sahatthā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā dadeyya, pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 270). Idañhi lābhaggamahattaṃ patte saṅghe sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ.
Bāhusaccamahattanti bāhusaccassa mahantabhāvaṃ. Saṅgho hi yāva na bāhusaccamahattaṃ patto hoti, tāva na āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā uppajjanti. Bāhusaccamahattaṃ patte pana yasmā ekampi nikāyaṃ, dvepi…pe… pañcapi nikāye uggahetvā ayoniso ummujjamānā puggalā rasena rasaṃ saṃsanditvā uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ satthusāsanaṃ dīpenti. Atha satthā ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi…pe… samaṇuddesopi ce evaṃ vadeyyā’’tiādinā (pāci. 418) nayena sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetīti.
Evaṃ bhagavā āsavaṭṭhānīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppattikālañca uppattikālañca dassetvā tasmiṃ samaye sabbasopi tesaṃ abhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘nirabbudo hi sāriputtā’’tiādimāha. Tattha nirabbudoti abbudavirahito; abbudā vuccanti corā, niccoroti attho. Corāti ca imasmiṃ atthe dussīlāva adhippetā. Te hi assamaṇāva hutvā samaṇapaṭiññatāya paresaṃ paccaye corenti. Tasmā nirabbudoti niccoro, niddussīloti vuttaṃ hoti. Nirādīnavoti nirupaddavo nirupasaggo; dussīlādīnavarahitoyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Apagatakāḷakoti kāḷakā vuccanti dussīlāyeva; te hi suvaṇṇavaṇṇāpi samānā kāḷakadhammayogā kāḷakātveva veditabbā. Tesaṃ abhāvā apagatakāḷako . Apahatakāḷakotipi pāṭho. Suddhoti apagatakāḷakattāyeva suddho pariyodāto pabhassaro. Sāre patiṭṭhitoti sāro vuccanti sīla-samādhi-paññāvimutti-vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇā, tasmiṃ sāre patiṭṭhitattā sāre patiṭṭhito.
Evaṃ sāre patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ vatvā puna so cassa sāre patiṭṭhitabhāvo evaṃ veditabboti dassento imesañhi sāriputtāti ādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepavaṇṇanā – yānimāni verañjāyaṃ vassāvāsaṃ upagatāni pañca bhikkhusatāni, imesaṃ yo guṇavasena pacchimako sabbaparittaguṇo bhikkhu, so sotāpanno. Sotāpannoti sotaṃ āpanno; sototi ca maggassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sotāpannoti tena samannāgatassa puggalassa. Yathāha –
‘‘Soto sototi hidaṃ, sāriputta, vuccati; katamo nu kho, sāriputta, sototi? Ayameva hi, bhante, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti. ‘‘Sotāpanno sotāpannoti hidaṃ, sāriputta, vuccati; katamo nu kho, sāriputta, sotāpanno’’ti? ‘‘Yo hi, bhante, iminā ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena samannāgato, ayaṃ vuccati – sotāpanno. Soyamāyasmā evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1001). Idha pana maggena phalassa nāmaṃ dinnaṃ. Tasmā phalaṭṭho ‘‘sotāpanno’’ti veditabbo.
Avinipātadhammoti vinipātetīti vinipāto; nāssa vinipāto dhammoti avinipātadhammo, na attānaṃ apāyesu vinipātanasabhāvoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kasmā? Ye dhammā apāyagamanīyā, tesaṃ parikkhayā. Vinipatanaṃ vā vinipāto, nāssa vinipāto dhammoti avinipātadhammo, apāyesu vinipātanasabhāvo assa natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sammattaniyāmena maggena niyatattā niyato. Sambodhi paraṃ ayanaṃ parā gati assāti sambodhiparāyaṇo. Upari maggattayaṃ avassaṃ sampāpakoti attho. Kasmā? Paṭiladdhapaṭhamamaggattāti.
Vinayapaññattiyācanakathā niṭṭhitā.
Buddhāciṇṇakathā
22. Evaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ saññāpetvā verañjāyaṃ taṃ vassāvāsaṃ vītināmetvā vutthavasso mahāpavāraṇāya pavāretvā atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi. Āmantesīti ālapi abhāsi sambodhesi. Kinti? Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetanti evamādi. Āciṇṇanti caritaṃ vattaṃ anudhammatā. Taṃ kho panetaṃ āciṇṇaṃ duvidhaṃ hoti – buddhāciṇṇaṃ, sāvakāciṇṇanti. Katamaṃ buddhāciṇṇaṃ? Idaṃ tāva ekaṃ – yehi nimantitā vassaṃ vasanti, na te anapaloketvā anāpucchitvā janapadacārikaṃ pakkamanti. Sāvakā pana apaloketvā vā anapaloketvā vā yathāsukhaṃ pakkamanti.
Aparampi buddhāciṇṇaṃ – vutthavassā pavāretvā janasaṅgahatthāya janapadacārikaṃ pakkamantiyeva. Janapadacārikaṃ carantā ca mahāmaṇḍalaṃ majjhimamaṇḍalaṃ antimamaṇḍalanti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ maṇḍalānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ maṇḍale caranti. Tattha mahāmaṇḍalaṃ navayojanasatikaṃ, majjhimamaṇḍalaṃ chayojanasatikaṃ, antimamaṇḍalaṃ tiyojanasatikaṃ. Yadā mahāmaṇḍale cārikaṃ caritukāmā honti, tadā mahāpavāraṇāya pavāretvā pāṭipadadivase mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivārā nikkhamitvā gāmanigamādīsu mahājanaṃ āmisapaṭiggahena anuggaṇhantā dhammadānena cassa vivaṭṭupanissitaṃ kusalaṃ vaḍḍhentā navahi māsehi janapadacārikaṃ pariyosāpenti. Sace pana antovasse bhikkhūnaṃ samathavipassanā taruṇā honti, mahāpavāraṇāya appavāretvā pavāraṇāsaṅgahaṃ datvā kattikapuṇṇamāyaṃ pavāretvā māgasirassa paṭhamadivase mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivārā nikkhamitvā vuttanayeneva majjhimamaṇḍale aṭṭhahi māsehi cārikaṃ pariyosāpenti. Sace pana nesaṃ vutthavassānaṃ aparipākindriyā veneyyasattā honti, tesaṃ indriyaparipākaṃ āgamentā māgasiramāsampi tattheva vasitvā phussamāsassa paṭhamadivase mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivārā nikkhamitvā vuttanayeneva antimamaṇḍale sattahi māsehi cārikaṃ pariyosāpenti. Tesu ca maṇḍalesu yattha katthaci vicarantāpi te te satte kilesehi viyojentā sotāpattiphalādīhi payojentā veneyyavaseneva nānāvaṇṇāni pupphāni ocinantā viya caranti.
Aparampi buddhānaṃ āciṇṇaṃ – devasikaṃ paccūsasamaye santaṃ sukhaṃ nibbānārammaṇaṃ katvā phalasamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, phalasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā devasikaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiyā samāpajjanaṃ, tato vuṭṭhahitvā dasasahassacakkavāḷe bodhaneyyasattasamavalokanaṃ.
Aparampi buddhānaṃ āciṇṇaṃ – āgantukehi saddhiṃ paṭhamataraṃ paṭisanthārakaraṇaṃ, aṭṭhuppattivasena dhammadesanā, otiṇṇe dose sikkhāpadapaññāpananti idaṃ buddhāciṇṇaṃ.
Katamaṃ sāvakāciṇṇaṃ? Buddhassa bhagavato kāle dvikkhattuṃ sannipāto pure vassūpanāyikāya ca kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇatthaṃ, vutthavassānañca adhigataguṇārocanatthaṃ upari kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇatthañca . Idaṃ sāvakāciṇṇaṃ. Idha pana buddhāciṇṇaṃ dassento āha – ‘‘āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ, ānanda, tathāgatāna’’nti.
Āyāmāti āgaccha yāma. Apalokessāmāti cārikaṃ caraṇatthāya āpucchissāma. Evanti sampaṭicchanatthe nipāto. Bhanteti gāravādhivacanametaṃ; satthuno paṭivacanadānantipi vaṭṭati. Bhagavato paccassosīti bhagavato vacanaṃ paṭiassosi, abhimukho hutvā suṇi sampaṭicchi. Evanti iminā vacanena paṭiggahesīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvāti idha pubbaṇhasamayanti vā sāyanhasamayanti vā na vuttaṃ. Evaṃ santepi bhagavā katabhattakicco majjhanhikaṃ vītināmetvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ pacchāsamaṇaṃ katvā nagaradvārato paṭṭhāya nagaravīthiyo suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāhi raṃsīhi samujjotayamāno yena verañjassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Gharadvāre ṭhitamattameva cassa bhagavantaṃ disvā parijano ārocesi. Brāhmaṇo satiṃ paṭilabhitvā saṃvegajāto sahasā vuṭṭhāya mahārahaṃ āsanaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ paccuggamma ‘‘ito, bhagavā, upasaṅkamatū’’ti āha. Bhagavā upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho verañjo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upanisīditukāmo attanā ṭhitapadesato yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Ito paraṃ uttānatthameva.
Yaṃ pana brāhmaṇo āha – ‘‘apica yo deyyadhammo, so na dinno’’ti. Tatrāyamadhippāyo – mayā nimantitānaṃ vassaṃvutthānaṃ tumhākaṃ temāsaṃ divase divase pāto yāgukhajjakaṃ, majjhanhike khādanīyabhojanīyaṃ, sāyanhe anekavidha pānavikati gandhapupphādīhi pūjāsakkāroti evamādiko yo deyyadhammo dātabbo assa, so na dinnoti. Tañca kho no asantanti ettha pana liṅgavipallāso veditabbo. So ca kho deyyadhammo amhākaṃ no asantoti ayañhettha attho. Atha vā yaṃ dānavatthuṃ mayaṃ tumhākaṃ dadeyyāma, tañca kho no asantanti evamettha attho veditabbo.
Nopiadātukamyatāti adātukāmatāpi no natthi, yathā pahūtavittūpakaraṇānaṃ maccharīnaṃ. Taṃ kutettha labbhā bahukiccā gharāvāsāti tatrāyaṃ yojanā – yasmā bahukiccā gharāvāsā, tasmā ettha santepi deyyadhamme dātukamyatāya ca taṃ kuto labbhā kuto taṃ sakkā laddhuṃ, yaṃ mayaṃ tumhākaṃ deyyadhammaṃ dadeyyāmāti gharāvāsaṃ garahanto āha. So kira mārena āvaṭṭitabhāvaṃ na jānāti, ‘‘gharāvāsapalibodhena me satisammoso jāto’’ti maññi, tasmā evamāha. Apica – taṃ kutettha labbhāti imasmiṃ temāsabbhantare yamahaṃ tumhākaṃ dadeyyaṃ, taṃ kuto labbhā? Bahukiccā hi gharāvāsāti evamettha yojanā veditabbā.
Atha brāhmaṇo ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yaṃ me tīhi māsehi dātabbaṃ siyā, taṃ sabbaṃ ekadivaseneva dadeyya’’nti cintetvā adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamotiādimāha. Tattha svātanāyāti yaṃ me tumhesu sakkāraṃ karoto sve bhavissati puññañceva pītipāmojjañca, tadatthāya. Atha tathāgato ‘‘sace ahaṃ nādhivāseyyaṃ, ‘ayaṃ temāsaṃ kiñci aladdhā kupito maññe, tena me yāciyamāno ekabhattampi na paṭiggaṇhāti, natthi imasmiṃ adhivāsanakhanti, asabbaññū aya’nti evaṃ brāhmaṇo ca verañjāvāsino ca garahitvā bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasaveyyuṃ, taṃ tesaṃ mā ahosī’’ti tesaṃ anukampāya adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
Adhivāsetvā ca atha kho bhagavā verañjaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ‘‘alaṃ gharāvāsapalibodhacintāyā’’ti saññāpetvā taṅkhaṇānurūpāya dhammiyā kathāya diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaṃ atthaṃ sandassetvā kusale dhamme samādapetvā gaṇhāpetvā tattha ca naṃ samuttejetvā saussāhaṃ katvā tāya saussāhatāya aññehi ca vijjamānaguṇehi sampahaṃsetvā dhammaratanavassaṃ vassetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Pakkante ca pana bhagavati verañjo brāhmaṇo puttadāraṃ āmantesi – ‘‘mayaṃ, bhaṇe, bhagavantaṃ temāsaṃ nimantetvā ekadivasaṃ ekabhattampi nādamha. Handa, dāni tathā dānaṃ paṭiyādetha yathā temāsikopi deyyadhammo sve ekadivaseneva dātuṃ sakkā hotī’’ti. Tato paṇītaṃ dānaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā yaṃ divasaṃ bhagavā nimantito, tassā rattiyā accayena āsanaṭṭhānaṃ alaṅkārāpetvā mahārahāni āsanāni paññapetvā gandhadhūmavāsakusumavicitraṃ mahāpūjaṃ sajjetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘atha kho verañjo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena…pe… niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti.
23. Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto tattha agamāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘atha kho bhagavā…pe… nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Atha kho verañjo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghanti buddhappamukhanti buddhapariṇāyakaṃ; buddhaṃ saṅghattheraṃ katvā nisinnanti vuttaṃ hoti. Paṇītenāti uttamena. Sahatthāti sahatthena. Santappetvāti suṭṭhu tappetvā, paripuṇṇaṃ suhitaṃ yāvadatthaṃ katvā. Sampavāretvāti suṭṭhu pavāretvā ‘ala’nti hatthasaññāya mukhasaññāya vacībhedena ca paṭikkhipāpetvā. Bhuttāvinti bhuttavantaṃ. Onītapattapāṇinti pattato onītapāṇiṃ; apanītahatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ticīvarena acchādesīti ticīvaraṃ bhagavato adāsi. Idaṃ pana vohāravacanamattaṃ hoti ‘‘ticīvarena acchādesī’’ti, tasmiñca ticīvare ekameko sāṭako sahassaṃ agghati. Iti brāhmaṇo bhagavato tisahassagghanakaṃ ticīvaramadāsi uttamaṃ kāsikavatthasadisaṃ. Ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ ekamekena dussayugenāti ekamekena dussayugaḷena. Tatra ekasāṭako pañcasatāni agghati. Evaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañcasatasahassagghanakāni dussāni adāsi. Brāhmaṇo ettakampi datvā atuṭṭho puna sattaṭṭhasahassagghanake anekarattakambale ca paṭṭuṇṇapattapaṭe ca phāletvā phāletvā āyogaaṃsabaddhakakāyabandhanaparissāvanādīnaṃ atthāya adāsi. Satapākasahassapākānañca bhesajjatelānaṃ tumbāni pūretvā ekamekassa bhikkhuno abbhañjanatthāya sahassagghanakaṃ telamadāsi. Kiṃ bahunā, catūsu paccayesu na koci parikkhāro samaṇaparibhogo adinno nāma ahosi. Pāḷiyaṃ pana cīvaramattameva vuttaṃ.
Evaṃ mahāyāgaṃ yajitvā saputtadāraṃ vanditvā nisinnaṃ atha kho bhagavā verañjaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ temāsaṃ mārāvaṭṭanena dhammasavanāmatarasaparibhogaparihīnaṃ ekadivaseneva dhammāmatavassaṃ vassetvā puripuṇṇasaṅkappaṃ kurumāno dhammiyākathāya sandassetvā…pe… uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Brāhmaṇopi saputtadāro bhagavantañca bhikkhusaṅghañca vanditvā ‘‘punapi, bhante, amhākaṃ anuggahaṃ kareyyāthā’’ti evamādīni vadanto anubandhitvā assūni pavattayamāno nivatti.
Atha kho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvāti yathājjhāsayaṃ yathārucitaṃ vāsaṃ vasitvā verañjāya nikkhamitvā mahāmaṇḍale cārikāya caraṇakāle gantabbaṃ buddhavīthi pahāya dubbhikkhadosena kilantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ujunāva maggena gahetvā gantukāmo soreyyādīni anupagamma payāgapatiṭṭhānaṃ gantvā tattha gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ uttaritvā yena bārāṇasī tadavasari. Tena avasari tadavasari. Tatrāpi yathājjhāsayaṃ viharitvā vesāliṃ agamāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘anupagamma soreyyaṃ…pe… vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāya’’nti.
Buddhāciṇṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
Samantapāsādikāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya
Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Tatridaṃ samantapāsādikāya samantapāsādikattasmiṃ –
Ācariyaparamparato, nidānavatthuppabhedadīpanato;
Parasamayavivajjanato, sakasamayavisuddhito ceva.
Byañjanaparisodhanato, padatthato pāḷiyojanakkamato;
Sikkhāpadanicchayato, vibhaṅganayabhedadassanato.
Sampassataṃ na dissati, kiñci apāsādikaṃ yato ettha;
Viññūnamayaṃ tasmā, samantapāsādikātveva.
Saṃvaṇṇanā pavattā, vinayassa vineyyadamanakusalena;
Vuttassa lokanāthena, lokamanukampamānenāti.
Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
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