‘‘Sīlamevidha sikkhetha, asmiṃ loke susikkhitaṃ.

Sīlañhi sabbasampattiṃ, upanāmeti sevitaṃ.

‘‘Sīlaṃ rakkheyya medhāvī, patthayāno tayo sukhe;

Pasaṃsaṃ vittilābhañca, pecca sagge pamodanaṃ.

‘‘Sīlavā hi bahū mitte, saññamenādhigacchati;

Dussīlo pana mittehi, dhaṃsate pāpamācaraṃ.

‘‘Avaṇṇañca akittiñca, dussīlo labhate naro;

Vaṇṇaṃ kittiṃ pasaṃsañca, sadā labhati sīlavā.

Pamukhaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ, tasmā sīlaṃ visodhaye.

‘‘Velā ca saṃvaraṃ sīlaṃ, cittassa abhihāsanaṃ;

Titthañca sabbabuddhānaṃ, tasmā sīlaṃ visodhaye.

‘‘Sīlaṃ balaṃ appaṭimaṃ, sīlaṃ āvudhamuttamaṃ;

Sīlamābharaṇaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, sīlaṃ kavacamabbhutaṃ.

‘‘Sīlaṃ setu mahesakkho, sīlaṃ gandho anuttaro;

Sīlaṃ vilepanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, yena vāti disodisaṃ.

‘‘Sīlaṃ sambalamevaggaṃ, sīlaṃ pātheyyamuttamaṃ;

Sīlaṃ seṭṭho ativāho, yena yāti disodisaṃ.

‘‘Idheva nindaṃ labhati, peccāpāye ca dummano;

Sabbattha dummano bālo, sīlesu asamāhito.

‘‘Idheva kittiṃ labhati, pecca sagge ca summano;

Sabbattha sumano dhīro, sīlesu susamāhito.

‘‘Sīlameva idha aggaṃ, paññavā pana uttamo;

Manussesu ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti. –

Imāhi gāthāhi dhammaṃ desesi.

Saññamenāti kāyādīnaṃ saṃyamena. Saṃyato hi kāyaduccaritādīhi kañci aviheṭhento abhayadānaṃ dadanto piyamanāpatāya mittāni ganthati. Dhaṃsateti apeti. Pāpamācaranti pāṇātipātādipāpakammaṃ karonto. Dussīlañhi puggalaṃ atthakāmā sattā na bhajanti, aññadatthu parivajjenti.

Avaṇṇanti aguṇaṃ, sammukhā garahaṃ vā. Akittinti, ayasaṃ asilokaṃ. Vaṇṇanti guṇaṃ. Kittinti silokaṃ patthaṭayasataṃ. Pasaṃsanti sammukhā thomanaṃ.

Apāyamahoghātikkamane saṃsāramahoghātikkamane ca kilesehi asaṃsīdanaṭṭhena setu. Mahesakkhoti mahabbalo. Gandho anuttaroti paṭivātaṃ sabbadisāsu vāyanato anuttaro gandho sabbajanamanoharattā. Tenāha ‘‘yena vāti disodisa’’nti yena sīlagandhena taṃsamaṅgī disodisaṃ sabbā disā vāyati. ‘‘Disodisā’’tipi pāḷi, dasa disāti attho.

Idheva nindaṃ labhatīti idhalokepi dummano rāgādīhi dūsitacitto ‘‘dussīlo pāpadhammo’’ti nindaṃ garahaṃ labhati. Pecca paralokepi apāye ‘‘purisattakali avajātā’’tiādinā yamapurisādīhi ca nindaṃ labhati. Na kevalaṃ nindameva labhati, atha kho sabbattha dummano bālo idhaloke duccaritacaraṇena dūsitacitto paraloke kammakāraṇādivasena dukkhuppattiyāti sabbattha bālo dummano hoti. Kathaṃ? Sīlesu asamāhito sammā sīlesu na ṭhapitacitto appatiṭṭhitacitto.

‘‘Hīnena brahmacariyena, khattiye upapajjati;

Majjhimena ca devattaṃ, uttamena visujjhatī’’ti. (jā. 1.8.75);

Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu – ‘‘lābhī assaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna’’nti (ma. ni. 1.65), ‘‘sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.65), ‘‘ijjhati, bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’’ti (a. ni. 8.35; dī. ni. 3.337) ca.

Evaṃ thero tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sīlamukhena dhammaṃ desento attano suvisuddhasīlādiguṇatādīpanena aññaṃ byākāsi.

Sīlavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Sunītattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Atha bhagavā pacchimayāme buddhāciṇṇaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento sunītassa hadayabbhantare ghaṭe padīpaṃ viya pajjalantaṃ arahattūpanissayaṃ disvā vibhātāya rattiyā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho. Yassaṃ vīthiyaṃ sunīto ukkārasodhanakammaṃ karoti, taṃ vīthiṃ paṭipajji. Sunītopi tattha tattha vighāsuccārasaṅkārādikaṃ rāsiṃ katvā piṭakesu pakkhipitvā kājenādāya pariharanto bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ satthāraṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā sārajjamāno sambhamākulahadayo gamanamaggaṃ nilīyanokāsañca alabhanto kājaṃ bhittipasse ṭhapetvā ekena passena anupavisanto viya bhittiṃ allīno pañjaliko aṭṭhāsi. ‘‘Bhittichiddena apakkamitukāmo ahosī’’tipi vadanti.

Ājānīyaṃ jātijarābhibhūtaṃ, sunītaṃ namassanti pasannacittā’’tiādi.

Bhagavā taṃyeva devasaṅghapurakkhataṃ disvā sitaṃ katvā pasaṃsanto ‘‘tapena brahmacariyenā’’ti gāthāya dhammaṃ desesi. Atha naṃ sambahulā bhikkhū sīhanādaṃ nadāpetukāmā, ‘‘āvuso sunīta, kasmā kulā tvaṃ pabbajito, kathaṃ vā pabbajito, kathañca saccāni paṭivijjhī’’ti pucchiṃsu. So taṃ sabbaṃ pakāsento –

‘‘Nīce kulamhi jātohaṃ, daliddo appabhojano;

Hīnakammaṃ mamaṃ āsi, ahosiṃ pupphachaḍḍako.

‘‘Jigucchito manussānaṃ, paribhūto ca vambhito;

Nīcaṃ manaṃ karitvāna, vandissaṃ bahukaṃ janaṃ.

‘‘Athaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhataṃ;

Pavisantaṃ mahāvīraṃ, magadhānaṃ puruttamaṃ.

‘‘Nikkhipitvāna byābhaṅgiṃ, vandituṃ upasaṅkamiṃ;

Mameva anukampāya, aṭṭhāsi purisuttamo.

‘‘Vanditvā satthuno pāde, ekamantaṃ ṭhito tadā;

Pabbajjaṃ ahamāyāciṃ, sabbasattānamuttamaṃ.

‘Ehi bhikkhū’ti maṃ āha, sā me āsūpasampadā.

Akāsiṃ satthu vacanaṃ, yathā maṃ ovadī jino.

‘‘Rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ, pubbajātimanussariṃ;

Rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ, dibbacakkhuṃ visodhayiṃ;

Rattiyā pacchime yāme, tamokhandhaṃ padālayiṃ.

Indo brahmā ca āgantvā, maṃ namassiṃsu pañjalī.

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;

Yassa te āsavā khīṇā, dakkhiṇeyyosi mārisa.

Sitaṃ pātukaritvāna, imamatthaṃ abhāsatha.

‘‘Tapena brahmacariyena, saṃyamena damena ca;

Etena brāhmaṇo hoti, etaṃ brāhmaṇamuttama’’nti. –

Imāhi gāthāhi sīhanādaṃ nadi.

Tattha nīceti lāmake sabbanihīne. Uccanīcabhāvo hi nāma sattānaṃ upādāyupādāya, ayaṃ pana sabbanihīne pukkusakule uppannataṃ dassento ‘‘nīce kulamhi jāto’’ti āha. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘nīceti lāmake sabbanihīne’’ti. Daliddoti duggato, daliddāpi keci kadāci ghāsacchādanassa lābhino, akasiravuttino honti, ahaṃ pana sabbakālaṃ kasiravuttitāya hīno uddhanaṃ upaṭṭhapitaukkhaliko dassanayuttaṃ thevakampi apassiṃ yevāti dassento ‘‘appabhojano’’ti āha. Nīcakulikā daliddāpi keci anīcakammājīvā honti, mayhaṃ pana na tathāti dassento āha ‘‘hīnakammaṃ mamaṃ āsī’’ti. Kīdisanti ce? Ahosiṃ pupphachaḍḍako, hatthavikalassa hatthavāti viya upacāravasenāyaṃ imassa samaññā ahosi yadidaṃ ‘‘pupphachaḍḍako’’ti. Milātapupphasantharavaṇṇatāya vā ukkārabhūmiyā evaṃ vutto.

Athāti adhikārantaradīpane nipāto. Addasāsinti addakkhiṃ. Magadhānanti magadhā nāma jānapadino rājakumārā, tesaṃ nivāso ekopi janapado ruḷhiyā ‘‘magadhāna’’nti vutto, magadhajanapadassāti attho. Puruttamanti uttamaṃ nagaraṃ.

Tattha kāyena kataṃ namakkāraṃ dassento ‘‘pañjalī’’ti vatvā vācāya kataṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘namo te’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Devasaṅghapurakkhatanti devaggahaṇena upapattidevabhāvato brahmānopi gahitā. Sitaṃ pātukaritvānāti attano ovādassa mahapphalataṃ devabrahmūnañca guṇasampattiṃ nissāya satthā sitaṃ pātvākāsi. Pātukaronto ca na aññe viya dante vidaṃseti, mukhādhānaṃ pana thokaṃ vivarati, tattakena ca abhibhūtadibbaphalikamuttarasmiyo avahasitatārakāsasimarīciyo susukkadāṭhasambhavā ghanarasmiyo nikkhamitvā tikkhattuṃ satthu mukhaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karonti, taṃ disvā pacchato gacchantāpi satthā sitaṃ pātvākāsīti sañjānanti.

‘‘Yathā saṅkāraṭhānasmiṃ, ujjhitasmiṃ mahāpathe;

Padumaṃ tattha jāyetha, sucigandhaṃ manoramaṃ.

‘‘Evaṃ saṅkārabhūtesu, andhabhūte puthujjane;

Atirocati paññāya, sammāsambuddhasāvako’’ti. (dha. pa. 58-59);

Evaṃ thero tehi bhikkhūhi pucchitamatthaṃ imāhi gāthāhi vissajjento sīhanādaṃ nadīti.

Sunītattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dvādasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.