So yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bodhisattassa mātukucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇadivase kapilavatthusmiṃyeva amaccagehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Bodhisattena saddhiṃ ekadivasaṃyeva jātoti taṃdivasaṃyeva naṃ dukūlacumbaṭe nipajjāpetvā bodhisattassa upaṭṭhānaṃ nayiṃsu. Bodhisattena hi saddhiṃ bodhirukkho, rāhulamātā, cattāro nidhī, ārohaniyahatthī, assakaṇḍako, channo kāḷudāyīti ime satta ekadivasaṃyeva jātattā sahajātā nāma ahesuṃ. Athassa nāmaggahaṇadivase sakalanagarassa udaggacittadivase jātattā udāyītveva nāmaṃ akaṃsu, thokaṃ kāḷadhātukattā pana kāḷudāyīti paññāyittha. So bodhisattena saddhiṃ kumārakīḷaṃ kīḷanto vuddhiṃ agamāsi.

‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;

Addhānaṃ paṭipannassa, carato cārikaṃ tadā.

‘‘Suphullaṃ padumaṃ gayha, uppalaṃ mallikañcahaṃ;

Paramannaṃ gahetvāna, adāsiṃ satthuno ahaṃ.

‘‘Paribhuñji mahāvīro, paramannaṃ subhojanaṃ;

Tañca pupphaṃ gahetvāna, janassa sampadassayi.

‘‘Iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ piyaṃ loke, jalajaṃ pupphamuttamaṃ;

Sudukkaraṃ kataṃ tena, yo me pupphaṃ adāsidaṃ.

‘‘Yo pupphamabhiropesi, paramannañcadāsi me;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Dasa aṭṭha cakkhattuṃ so, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Uppalaṃ padumañcāpi, mallikañca taduttari.

‘‘Assa puññavipākena, dibbagandhasamāyutaṃ;

Ākāse chadanaṃ katvā, dhārayissati tāvade.

Pathabyā rajjaṃ pañcasataṃ, vasudhaṃ āvasissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

Sakyānaṃ nandijanano, ñātibandhu bhavissati.

‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Paṭisambhidamanuppattaṃ, katakiccamanāsavaṃ;

Gotamo lokabandhu taṃ, etadagge ṭhapessati.

‘‘Padhānapahitatto so, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Udāyī nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Rāgo doso ca moho ca, māno makkho ca dhaṃsito;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Tosayiñcāpi sambuddhaṃ, ātāpī nipako ahaṃ;

Pasādito ca sambuddho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘na tāvāyaṃ dasabalassa kulanagaraṃ gantuṃ kālo, vasante pana upagate pupphitesu vanasaṇḍesu haritatiṇasañchannāya bhūmiyā gamanakālo bhavissatī’’ti kālaṃ paṭimānento vasante sampatte satthu kulanagaraṃ gantuṃ gamanamaggavaṇṇaṃ saṃvaṇṇento –

‘‘Aṅgārino dāni dumā bhadante, phalesino chadanaṃ vippahāya;

Te accimantova pabhāsayanti, samayo mahāvīra bhāgīrasānaṃ.

Pattaṃ pahāya phalamāsasānā, kālo ito pakkamanāya vīra.

‘‘Nevātisītaṃ na panātiuṇhaṃ, sukhā utu addhaniyā bhadante;

Passantu taṃ sākiyā koḷiyā ca, pacchāmukhaṃ rohiniyaṃ tarantaṃ.

‘‘Āsāya kasate khettaṃ, bījaṃ āsāya vappati;

Āsāya vāṇijā yanti, samuddaṃ dhanahārakā;

Yāya āsāya tiṭṭhāmi, sā me āsā samijjhatu.

‘‘Punappunañceva vapanti bījaṃ, punappunaṃ vassati devarājā;

Punappunaṃ khettaṃ kasanti kassakā, punappunaṃ dhaññamupeti raṭṭhaṃ.

‘‘Punappunaṃ yācanakā caranti, punappunaṃ dānapatī dadanti;

Punappunaṃ dānapatī daditvā, punappunaṃ saggamupenti ṭhānaṃ.

Maññāmahaṃ sakkati devadevo, tayā hi jāto muni saccanāmo.

‘‘Suddhodano nāma pitā mahesino, buddhassa mātā pana māyanāmā;

Yā bodhisattaṃ parihariya kucchinā, kāyassa bhedā tidivamhi modati.

‘‘Sā gotamī kālakatā ito cutā, dibbehi kāmehi samaṅgibhūtā;

Sā modati kāmaguṇehi pañcahi, parivāritā devagaṇehi tehi.

Pitupitā mayhaṃ tuvaṃsi sakka, dhammena me gotama ayyakosī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Idāni attano patthanaṃ upamāhi pakāsento ‘‘āsāya kasate’’ti gāthamāha. Āsāya kasate khettanti kassako kasanto khettaṃ phalāsāya kasati. Bījaṃ āsāya vappatīti kasitvā ca vapantena phalāsāya eva bījaṃ vappati nikkhipīyati. Āsāya vāṇijā yantīti dhanahārakā vāṇijā dhanāsāya samuddaṃ tarituṃ desaṃ upagantuṃ samuddaṃ nāvāya yanti gacchanti. Yāya āsāya tiṭṭhāmīti evaṃ ahampi yāya āsāya patthanāya bhagavā tumhākaṃ kapilapuragamanapatthanāya idha tiṭṭhāmi. Sā me āsā samijjhatu, tumhehi ‘‘kapilavatthu gantabba’’nti vadati, āsāya sadisatāya cettha kattukamyatāchandaṃ āsāti āha.

Idāni ‘‘sattayuga’’nti vutte pituyugaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘suddhodano nāmā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Suddhaṃ odanaṃ jīvanaṃ etassāti suddhodano. Buddhapitā hi ekaṃsato suvisuddhakāyavacīmanosamācāro suvisuddhājīvo hoti tathā abhinīhārasampannattā. Māyanāmāti kularūpasīlācārādisampattiyā ñātimittādīhi ‘‘mā yāhī’’ti vattabbaguṇatāya ‘‘māyā’’ti laddhanāmā. Parihariyāti dhāretvā. Kāyassa bhedāti sadevakassa lokassa cetiyasadisassa attano kāyassa vināsato uddhaṃ. Tidivamhīti tusitadevaloke.

‘‘Buddhassa puttomhi asayhasāhino, aṅgīrasassappaṭimassa tādino;

Pitupitā mayhaṃ tuvaṃsi sakka, dhammena me gotama ayyakosī’’ti. –

Osānagāthamāha.

Kāḷudāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Ekavihāriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

‘‘Purato pacchato vāpi, aparo ce na vijjati;

Atīva phāsu bhavati, ekassa vasato vane.

Phāsu ekavihārissa, pahitattassa bhikkhuno.

‘‘Yogī-pītikaraṃ rammaṃ, mattakuñjarasevitaṃ;

Eko atthavasī khippaṃ, pavisissāmi kānanaṃ.

Gattāni parisiñcitvā, caṅkamissāmi ekako.

‘‘Ekākiyo adutiyo, ramaṇīye mahāvane;

Kadāhaṃ viharissāmi, katakicco anāsavo.

‘‘Evaṃ me kattukāmassa, adhippāyo samijjhatu;

Sādhayissāmahaṃyeva, nāñño aññassa kārako’’ti. –

Imā cha gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha purato pacchato vāti attano purato vā pacchato vā, vā-saddassa vikappatthattā passato vā aparo añño jano na vijjati ce, atīva ativiya phāsu cittasukhaṃ bhavati. Ekavihārībhāvena ekassa asahāyassa. Vane vasatoti ciraparicitena vivekajjhāsayena ākaḍḍhiyamānahadayo so rattindivaṃ mahājanaparivutassa vasato saṅgaṇikavihāraṃ nibbindanto vivekasukhañca bahuṃ maññanto vadati.

Handāti vossaggatthe nipāto, tena idāni karīyamānassa araññagamanassa nicchitabhāvamāha. Eko gamissāmīti ‘‘suññāgāre kho, gahapati, tathāgatā abhiramantī’’tiādivacanato (cūḷava. 306) buddhehi vaṇṇitaṃ pasaṭṭhaṃ araññaṃ eko asahāyo gamissāmi vāsādhippāyena upagacchāmi. Yasmā ekavihārissa ṭhānādīsu asahāyabhāvena ekavihārissa nibbānaṃ paṭipesitacittatāya pahitattassa adhisīlasikkhādikā tisso sikkhā sikkhato bhikkhuno araññaṃ phāsu iṭṭhaṃ sukhāvahanti attho.

Ekākiyoti ekākī asahāyo. Adutiyoti taṇhāsaṅkhātadutiyābhāvena adutiyo. Taṇhā hi purisassa sabbadā avijahanaṭṭhena dutiyā nāma. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsara’’nti (itivu. 15, 105).

Evaṃ me kattukāmassāti ‘‘handa eko gamissāmī’’tiādinā vuttavidhinā araññaṃ gantvā bhāvanābhiyogaṃ kattukāmassa me. Adhippāyo samijjhatūti ‘‘kadāhaṃ viharissāmi, katakicco anāsavo’’ti evaṃ pavatto manoratho ijjhatu siddhiṃ pāpuṇātu. Arahattappatti ca yasmā na āyācanamattena sijjhati, nāpi aññena sādhetabbā, tasmā āha ‘‘sādhayissāmahaṃyeva, nāñño aññassa kārako’’ti.

Evaṃ uparājassa pabbajjāya daḷhanicchayataṃ ñatvā rājā asokārāmagamanīyaṃ maggaṃ alaṅkārāpetvā kumāraṃ sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitaṃ mahatiyā senāya mahaccarājānubhāvena vihāraṃ nesi. Kumāro padhānagharaṃ gantvā mahādhammarakkhitattherassa santike pabbaji, anekasatā manussā taṃ anupabbajiṃsu. Rañño bhāgineyyo saṅghamittāya sāmiko aggibrahmāpi tameva anupabbaji. So pabbajitvā haṭṭhatuṭṭho attanā kātabbaṃ pakāsento –

‘‘Esa bandhāmi sannāhaṃ, pavisissāmi kānanaṃ;

Na tato nikkhamissāmi, appatto āsavakkhayaṃ.

‘‘Mālute upavāyante, sīte surabhigandhike;

Avijjaṃ dālayissāmi, nisinno nagamuddhani.

Vimuttisukhena sukhito, ramissāmi giribbaje’’ti. –

Tisso gāthā abhāsi.

‘‘Mālute upavāyante’’tiādinā araññaṭṭhānassa kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāyogyataṃ vadati, ramissāmi nūna giribbajeti yojanā. Pabbataparikkhepe abhiramissāmi maññeti anāgatatthaṃ parikappento vadati. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Evaṃ vatvā thero araññaṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto upajjhāyena saddhiṃ kaliṅgaraṭṭhaṃ agamāsi. Tatthassa pāde cammikābādho uppajji, taṃ disvā eko vejjo ‘‘sappiṃ, bhante, pariyesatha, tikicchissāmi na’’nti āha. Thero sappipariyesanaṃ akatvā vipassanāya eva kammaṃ karoti, rogo vaḍḍhati, vejjo therassa tattha appossukkataṃ disvā sayameva sappiṃ pariyesitvā theraṃ arogaṃ akāsi. So arogo hutvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.44.1-12) –

‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;

Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.

‘‘Nippapañco nirālambo, ākāsasamamānaso;

Suññatābahulo tādī, animittarato vasī.

Mahākāruṇiko vīro, vinayopāyakovido.

‘‘Uyyutto parakiccesu, vinayanto sadevake;

Nibbānagamanaṃ maggaṃ, gatiṃ paṅkavisosanaṃ.

‘‘Amataṃ paramassādaṃ, jarāmaccunivāraṇaṃ;

Mahāparisamajjhe so, nisinno lokatārako.

Uddharanto mahāduggā, vippanaṭṭhe anāyake.

‘‘Desento virajaṃ dhammaṃ, diṭṭho me lokanāyako;

Tassa dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

‘‘Pabbajitvā tadāpāhaṃ, cintento jinasāsanaṃ;

Ekakova vane ramme, vasiṃ saṃsaggapīḷito.

‘‘Sakkāyavūpakāso me, hetubhūto mamābhavī;

Manaso vūpakāsassa, saṃsaggabhayadassino.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā there tattha viharante rājā koṭidhanapariccāgena bhojakagirivihāraṃ nāma kāretvā theraṃ tattha vāsesi. So tattha viharanto parinibbānakāle –

‘‘Sohaṃ paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, cando pannaraso yathā;

Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇo, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. –

Osānagāthamāha. Sā uttānatthāva. Tadeva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Ekavihāriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Mahākappinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Udito ajaṭākāse, ravīva saradambare.

‘‘Vacanābhāya bodheti, veneyyapadumāni so;

Kilesapaṅkaṃ soseti, matiraṃsīhi nāyako.

‘‘Titthiyānaṃ yase hanti, khajjotābhā yathā ravi;

Saccatthābhaṃ pakāseti, ratanaṃva divākaro.

‘‘Guṇānaṃ āyatibhūto, ratanānaṃva sāgaro;

Pajjunnoriva bhūtāni, dhammameghena vassati.

‘‘Akkhadasso tadā āsiṃ, nagare haṃsasavhaye;

Upecca dhammamassosiṃ, jalajuttamanāmino.

‘‘Ovādakassa bhikkhūnaṃ, sāvakassa katāvino;

Guṇaṃ pakāsayantassa, tappayantassa me manaṃ.

‘‘Sutvā patīto sumano, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;

Sasissaṃ bhojayitvāna, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.

‘‘Tadā haṃsasamabhāgo, haṃsadundubhinissano;

Passathetaṃ mahāmattaṃ, vinicchayavisāradaṃ.

‘‘Patitaṃ pādamūle me, samuggatatanūruhaṃ;

Jīmūtavaṇṇaṃ pīṇaṃsaṃ, pasannanayanānanaṃ.

‘‘Parivārena mahatā, rājayuttaṃ mahāyasaṃ;

Eso katāvino ṭhānaṃ, pattheti muditāsayo.

‘‘Iminā paṇipātena, cāgena paṇidhīhi ca;

Kappasatasahassāni, nupapajjati duggatiṃ.

Anubhotvāna sesena, nibbānaṃ pāpuṇissati.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

Kappino nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Tatohaṃ sukataṃ kāraṃ, katvāna jinasāsane;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tusitaṃ agamāsahaṃ.

‘‘Devamānusarajjāni, sataso anusāsiya;

Bārāṇasiyamāsanne, jāto keṇiyajātiyaṃ.

‘‘Sahassaparivārena, sapajāpatiko ahaṃ;

Pañcapaccekabuddhānaṃ, satāni samupaṭṭhahiṃ.

‘‘Temāsaṃ bhojayitvāna, pacchādamha ticīvaraṃ;

Tato cutā mayaṃ sabbe, ahumha tidasūpagā.

‘‘Puno sabbe manussattaṃ, agamimha tato cutā;

Kukkuṭamhi pure jātā, himavantassa passato.

‘‘Kappino nāmahaṃ āsiṃ, rājaputto mahāyaso;

Sesāmaccakule jātā, mameva parivārayuṃ.

‘‘Mahārajjasukhaṃ patto, sabbakāmasamiddhimā;

Vāṇijehi samakkhātaṃ, buddhuppādamahaṃ suṇiṃ.

‘‘Buddho loke samuppanno, asamo ekapuggalo;

So pakāseti saddhammaṃ, amataṃ sukhamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Suyuttā tassa sissā ca, sumuttā ca anāsavā;

Sutvā nesaṃ suvacanaṃ, sakkaritvāna vāṇije.

‘‘Pahāya rajjaṃ sāmacco, nikkhamiṃ buddhamāmako;

Nadiṃ disvā mahācandaṃ, pūritaṃ samatittikaṃ.

‘‘Appatiṭṭhaṃ anālambaṃ, duttaraṃ sīghavāhiniṃ;

Guṇaṃ saritvā buddhassa, sotthinā samatikkamiṃ.

‘‘Bhavasotaṃ sace buddho, tiṇṇo lokantagū vidū;

Etena saccavajjena, gamanaṃ me samijjhatu.

Etena saccavajjena, gamanaṃ me samijjhatu.

Etena saccavajjena, gamanaṃ me samijjhatu.

‘‘Saha kate saccavare, maggā apagataṃ jalaṃ;

Tato sukhena uttiṇṇo, nadītīre manorame.

‘‘Nisinnaṃ addasaṃ buddhaṃ, udentaṃva pabhaṅkaraṃ;

Jalantaṃ hemaselaṃva, dīparukkhaṃva jotitaṃ.

‘‘Sasiṃva tārāsahitaṃ, sāvakehi purakkhataṃ;

Vāsavaṃ viya vassantaṃ, desanājaladantaraṃ.

‘‘Vanditvāna sahāmacco, ekamantamupāvisiṃ;

Tato no āsayaṃ ñatvā, buddho dhammamadesayi.

‘‘Sutvāna dhammaṃ vimalaṃ, avocumha mayaṃ jinaṃ;

Pabbājehi mahāvīra, nibbindāmha mayaṃ bhave.

‘‘Svakkhāto bhikkhave dhammo, dukkhantakaraṇāya vo;

Caratha brahmacariyaṃ, iccāha munisattamo.

‘‘Saha vācāya sabbepi, bhikkhuvesadharā mayaṃ;

Ahumha upasampannā, sotāpannā ca sāsane.

‘‘Tato jetavanaṃ gantvā, anusāsi vināyako;

Anusiṭṭho jinenāhaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Tato bhikkhusahassāni, anusāsimahaṃ tadā;

Mamānusāsanakarā, tepi āsuṃ anāsavā.

‘‘Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ;

Bhikkhuovādakānaggo, kappinoti mahājane.

‘‘Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me idha;

Pamutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayiṃ mama.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

‘‘Anāgataṃ yo paṭikacca passati, hitañca atthaṃ ahitañca taṃ dvayaṃ;

Viddesino tassa hitesino vā, randhaṃ na passanti samekkhamānā.

‘‘Ānāpānasatī yassa, paripuṇṇā subhāvitā;

Anupubbaṃ paricitā, yathā buddhena desitā;

Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā.

‘‘Odātaṃ vata me cittaṃ, appamāṇaṃ subhāvitaṃ;

Nibbiddhaṃ paggahītañca, sabbā obhāsate disā.

‘‘Jīvate vāpi sappañño, api vittaparikkhayo;

Paññāya ca alābhena, vittavāpi na jīvati.

‘‘Paññā sutavinicchinī, paññā kittisilokavaddhanī;

Paññāsahito naro idha, api dukkhesu sukhāni vindati.

Yattha jāyetha mīyetha, tattha kiṃ viya abbhutaṃ.

‘‘Anantarañhi jātassa, jīvitā maraṇaṃ dhuvaṃ;

Jātā jātā marantīdha, evaṃ dhammā hi pāṇino.

‘‘Na hetadatthāya matassa hoti, yaṃ jīvitatthaṃ paraporisānaṃ;

Matamhi ruṇṇaṃ na yaso na lokyaṃ, na vaṇṇitaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇehi.

‘‘Cakkhuṃ sarīraṃ upahanti tena, nihīyati vaṇṇabalaṃ matī ca;

Ānandino tassa disā bhavanti, hitesino nāssa sukhī bhavanti.

‘‘Tasmā hi iccheyya kule vasante, medhāvino ceva bahussute ca;

Yesañhi paññāvibhavena kiccaṃ, taranti nāvāya nadiṃva puṇṇa’’nti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Idāni attānaṃ nidassanaṃ katvā bhāvanābhiyogassa saphalataṃ dassento ‘‘odātaṃ vata me citta’’nti tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho – nīvaraṇamalavigamato odātaṃ suddhaṃ vata mama cittaṃ. Yathā pamāṇakarā rāgādayo pahīnā, appamāṇañca nibbānaṃ paccakkhaṃ kataṃ ahosi, tathā bhāvitattā appamāṇaṃ subhāvitaṃ, tato eva catusaccaṃ nibbiddhaṃ paṭivijjhitaṃ, sakalasaṃkilesapakkhato paggahitañca hutvā dukkhādikā pubbantādikā ca disā obhāsate tattha vitiṇṇakaṅkhattā sabbadhammesu vigatasammohattā ca. Tasmā tumhehipi evaṃ cittaṃ bhāvetabbanti dasseti.

Idāni paññāya ānisaṃse dassetuṃ ‘‘paññā sutavinicchinī’’ti pañcamaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha paññā sutavinicchinīti paññā nāmesā sutassa vinicchayinī, yathāsute sotapathamāgate atthe ‘‘ayaṃ akusalo, ayaṃ kusalo, ayaṃ sāvajjo, ayaṃ anavajjo’’tiādinā vinicchayajananī. Kittisilokavaddhanīti kittiyā sammukhā pasaṃsāya silokassa patthaṭayasabhāvassa vaddhanī, paññavatoyeva hi kittiādayo viññūnaṃ pāsaṃsabhāvato. Paññāsahitoti pārihāriyapaññāya, vipassanāpaññāya ca yutto. Api dukkhesu sukhāni vindatīti ekantadukkhasabhāvesu khandhāyatanādīsu sammāpaṭipattiyā yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodhena nirāmisānipi sukhāni paṭilabhati.

Idāni tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhīrabhāvāvahaṃ dhammaṃ kathento ‘‘nāyaṃ ajjatano dhammo’’tiādinā sesagāthā abhāsi. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yvāyaṃ sattānaṃ jāyanamīyanasabhāvo, ayaṃ dhammo ajjatano adhunāgato na hoti, abhiṇhapavattikatāya na acchariyo, abbhutapubbatābhāvato nāpi abbhuto. Tasmā yattha jāyetha mīyetha, yasmiṃ loke satto jāyeyya, so ekaṃsena mīyetha, tattha kiṃ viya? Kiṃ nāma abbhutaṃ siyā? Sabhāvikattā maraṇassa – na hi khaṇikamaraṇassa kiñci kāraṇaṃ atthi. Yato anantarañhi jātassa, jīvitā maraṇaṃ dhuvaṃ jātassa jātisamanantaraṃ jīvitato maraṇaṃ ekantikaṃ uppannānaṃ khandhānaṃ ekaṃsena bhijjanato. Yo panettha jīvatīti lokavohāro, so tadupādānassa anekapaccayāyattatāya anekantiko, yasmā etadevaṃ, tasmā jātā marantīdha, evaṃdhammā hi pāṇinoti ayaṃ sattānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ jātānaṃ maraṇanti jātiyā maraṇānubandhanataṃ āha.

Na kevalameteva ye rudato ādīnavā, atha kho imepīti dassento ‘‘cakkhuṃ sarīraṃ upahantī’’ti gāthaṃ vatvā tato paraṃ sokādianatthapaṭibāhanatthaṃ kalyāṇamittapayirupāsanāyaṃ tā niyojento ‘‘tasmā’’tiādinā osānagāthamāha. Tattha tasmāti yasmā ruṇṇaṃ rudantassa puggalassa cakkhuṃ sarīrañca upahanti vibādhati, tena ruṇṇena vaṇṇo balaṃ mati ca nihīyati parihāyati, tassa rudantassa puggalassa disā sapattā ānandino pamodavanto pītivanto bhavanti. Hitesino mittā dukkhī dukkhitā bhavanti tasmā dhammojapaññāya samannāgatattā medhāvino diṭṭhadhammikādiatthasannissitassa bāhusaccassa pāripūriyā bahussute, attano kule vasante iccheyya pāṭikaṅkheyya kulūpake kareyya. Yesanti yesaṃ medhāvīnaṃ bahussutānaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ paññāvibhavena paññābalena yathā mahoghassa puṇṇaṃ nadiṃ nāvāya taranti, evaṃ kulaputtā attano atthakiccaṃ taranti pāraṃ pāpuṇanti. Te iccheyya kule vasanteti yojanā.

Evaṃ thero tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ dhammaṃ kathetvā vissajjesi. Tā therassa ovāde ṭhatvā sokaṃ vinodetvā yoniso paṭipajjantiyo sadatthaṃ paripūresuṃ.

Mahākappinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Cūḷapanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

‘‘Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ;

Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.123; a. ni. 5.195) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Gaṇamhā vūpakaṭṭho so, himavante vasī tadā.

Acirāgataṃ mahāvīraṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Pupphacchattaṃ gahetvāna, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Samādhiṃ samāpajjantaṃ, antarāyamakāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ubho hatthehi paggayha, pupphacchattaṃ adāsahaṃ;

Paṭiggahesi bhagavā, padumuttaro mahāmuni.

‘‘Sabbe devā attamanā, himavantaṃ upenti te;

Sādhukāraṃ pavattesuṃ, anumodissati cakkhumā.

‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna te devā, upagacchuṃ naruttamaṃ;

Ākāse dhārayantassa, padumacchattamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Satapattachattaṃ paggayha, adāsi tāpaso mama;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Pañcavīsatikappāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Catuttiṃsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yoniṃ saṃsarati, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Abbhokāse patiṭṭhantaṃ, padumaṃ dhārayissati.

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Pakāsite pāvacane, manussattaṃ labhissati;

Manomayamhi kāyamhi, uttamo so bhavissati.

‘‘Dve bhātaro bhavissanti, ubhopi panthakavhayā;

Anubhotvā uttamatthaṃ, jotayissanti sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Sohaṃ aṭṭhārasavasso, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Visesāhaṃ na vindāmi, sakyaputtassa sāsane.

‘‘Dandhā mayhaṃ gatī āsi, paribhūto pure ahuṃ;

Bhātā ca maṃ paṇāmesi, gaccha dāni sakaṃ gharaṃ.

‘‘Sohaṃ paṇāmito santo, saṅghārāmassa koṭṭhake;

Dummano tattha aṭṭhāsiṃ, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā.

‘‘Bhagavā tattha āgacchi, sīsaṃ mayhaṃ parāmasi;

Bāhāya maṃ gahetvāna, saṅghārāmaṃ pavesayi.

‘‘Anukampāya me satthā, adāsi pādapuñchaniṃ;

Evaṃ suddhaṃ adhiṭṭhehi, ekamantamadhiṭṭhahaṃ.

Tattha cittaṃ vimucci me, arahattaṃ apāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Manomayesu kāyesu, sabbattha pāramiṃ gato;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

‘‘Dandhā mayhaṃ gatī āsi, paribhūto pure ahaṃ;

Bhātā ca maṃ paṇāmesi, gaccha dāni tuvaṃ gharaṃ.

Dummano tattha aṭṭhāsiṃ, sāsanasmiṃ apekkhavā.

Bāhāya maṃ gahetvāna, saṅghārāmaṃ pavesayi.

‘‘Anukampāya me satthā, pādāsi pādapuñchaniṃ;

Etaṃ suddhaṃ adhiṭṭhehi, ekamantaṃ svadhiṭṭhitaṃ.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vihāsiṃ sāsane rato;

Samādhiṃ paṭipādesiṃ, uttamatthassa pattiyā.

‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Sahassakkhattumattānaṃ, nimminitvāna panthako;

Nisīdambavane ramme, yāva kālappavedanā.

‘‘Tato me satthā pāhesi, dūtaṃ kālappavedakaṃ;

Paveditamhi kālamhi, vehāsādupasaṅkamiṃ.

‘‘Vanditvā satthuno pāde, ekamantaṃ nisīdahaṃ;

Nisinnaṃ maṃ viditvāna, attha satthā paṭiggahi.

‘‘Āyāgo sabbalokassa, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Puññakkhettaṃ manussānaṃ, paṭiggaṇhittha dakkhiṇa’’nti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Koṭṭhaketi, dvārakoṭṭhakasamīpe. Dummanoti, domanassito. Sāsanasmiṃ apekkhavāti, sammāsambuddhassa sāsane sāpekkho avibbhamitukāmo.

‘‘Rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati, rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;

‘‘Doso rajo…pe… sāsane.

‘‘Moho rajo…pe… vītarajassa sāsane’’ti. –

Imā tisso obhāsagāthā abhāsi. Gāthāpariyosāne cūḷapanthako abhiññāpaṭisambhidāparivāraṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.

Cūḷapanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Kappattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Candanikaṃva paripakkaṃ, mahāgaṇḍo mahāvaṇo.

‘‘Pubbaruhirasampuṇṇo, gūthakūpena gāḷhito;

Āpopaggharaṇo kāyo, sadā sandati pūtikaṃ.

‘‘Saṭṭhikaṇḍarasambandho, maṃsalepanalepito;

Cammakañcukasannaddho, pūtikāyo niratthako.

‘‘Aṭṭhisaṅghātaghaṭito, nhārusuttanibandhano;

Nekesaṃ saṃgatībhāvā, kappeti iriyāpathaṃ.

‘‘Dhuvappayāto maraṇāya, maccurājassa santike;

Idheva chaḍḍayitvāna, yenakāmaṅgamo naro.

Oghasaṃsīdano kāyo, anusayājālamotthato.

‘‘Pañcanīvaraṇe yutto, vitakkena samappito;

Taṇhāmūlenānugato, mohacchādanachādito.

Sampatti ca vipatyantā, nānābhāvo vipajjati.

‘‘Yemaṃ kāyaṃ mamāyanti, andhabālā puthujjanā;

Vaḍḍhenti kaṭasiṃ ghoraṃ, ādiyanti punabbhavaṃ.

‘‘Yemaṃ kāyaṃ vivajjenti, gūthalittaṃva pannagaṃ;

Bhavamūlaṃ vamitvāna, parinibbissantināsavā’’ti. –

Imāhi gāthāhi tassa asubhakathaṃ kathesi. So satthu sammukhā anekākāravokāraṃ yāthāvato sarīrasabhāvavibhāvanaṃ asubhakathaṃ sutvā sakena kāyena aṭṭīyamāno harāyamāno jigucchamāno saṃviggahadayo satthāraṃ vanditvā, ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajja’’nti pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā samīpe ṭhitamaññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha, bhikkhu, imaṃ pabbājetvā upasampādetvā ānehī’’ti. So taṃ tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā pabbājesi. So khuraggeyeva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. tera 1.4.102-107) –

‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, thūpaseṭṭhassa sammukhā;

Vicittadusse lagetvā, kapparukkhaṃ ṭhapesahaṃ.

Sobhayanto mama dvāraṃ, kapparukkho patiṭṭhati.

‘‘Ahañca parisā ceva, ye keci mamavassitā;

Tamhā dussaṃ gahetvāna, nivāsema mayaṃ sadā.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ rukkhaṃ ṭhapayiṃ ahaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kapparukkhassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca sattame kappe, suceḷā aṭṭha khattiyā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Avijjāya nivutoti, avijjānīvaraṇena nivuto paṭicchāditādīnavo, aññathā ko ettha saṅgaṃ janeyyāti adhippāyo. Catuganthenāti, abhijjhākāyaganthādinā catubbidhena ganthena ganthito, ganthaniyabhāvena vinaddhito. Oghasaṃsīdanoti, oghaniyabhāvena kāmoghādīsu catūsu oghesu saṃsīdanako. Appahīnabhāvena santāne anu anu sentīti anusayā, kāmarāgādayo anusayā. Tesaṃ jālena otthato abhibhūtoti anusayājālamotthato. Makāro padasandhikaro, gāthāsukhatthaṃ dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Kāmacchandādinā pañcavidhena nīvaraṇena yutto adhimuttoti pañcanīvaraṇe yutto, karaṇatthe bhummavacanaṃ.

Yemaṃ kāyaṃ mamāyantīti ye andhabālā puthujjanā evaṃ asubhaṃ aniccaṃ adhuvaṃ dukkhaṃ asāraṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ ‘‘mama ida’’nti gaṇhantā mamāyanti chandarāgaṃ uppādenti, te jātiādīhi nirayādīhi ca ghoraṃ bhayānakaṃ apaṇḍitehi abhiramitabbato kaṭasisaṅkhātaṃ saṃsāraṃ punappunaṃ jananamaraṇādīhi vaḍḍhenti, tenāha ‘‘ādiyanti punabbhava’’nti.

Kappattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Vaṅgantaputtaupasenattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

‘‘Padumuttaraṃ bhagavantaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Pabbhāramhi nisīdantaṃ, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.

‘‘Kaṇikārapupphaṃ disvā, vaṇṭe chetvānahaṃ tadā;

Alaṅkaritvā chattamhi, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Piṇḍapātañca pādāsiṃ, paramannaṃ subhojanaṃ;

Buddhena navame tattha, samaṇe aṭṭha bhojayiṃ.

‘‘Anumodi mahāvīro, sayambhū aggapuggalo;

Iminā chattadānena, paramannapavecchanā.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, sampattimanubhossasi;

Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissati.

‘‘Ekavīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;

Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Sāsane dibbamānamhi, manussattaṃ gamissati;

Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito.

‘‘Upasenoti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako;

Samantapāsādikattā, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapessati.

‘‘Carimaṃ vattate mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhanaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

‘‘Vivittaṃ appanigghosaṃ, vāḷamiganisevitaṃ;

Seve senāsanaṃ bhikkhu, paṭisallānakāraṇā.

‘‘Saṅkārapuñjā āhatvā, susānā rathiyāhi ca;

Tato saṅghāṭikaṃ katvā, lūkhaṃ dhāreyya cīvaraṃ.

‘‘Nīcaṃ manaṃ karitvāna, sapadānaṃ kulā kulaṃ;

Piṇḍikāya care bhikkhu, guttadvāro susaṃvuto.

‘‘Lūkhenapi vā santusse, nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahuṃ;

Rasesu anugiddhassa, jhāne na ramatī mano.

‘‘Appiccho ceva santuṭṭho, pavivitto vase muni;

Asaṃsaṭṭho gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ.

Nātivelaṃ sambhāseyya, saṅghamajjhamhi paṇḍito.

‘‘Na so upavade kañci, upaghātaṃ vivajjaye;

Saṃvuto pātimokkhasmiṃ, mattaññū cassa bhojane.

Samathaṃ anuyuñjeyya, kālena ca vipassanaṃ.

‘‘Vīriyasātaccasampanno, yuttayogo sadā siyā;

Na ca appatvā dukkhantaṃ, vissāsaṃ eyya paṇḍito.

‘‘Evaṃ viharamānassa, suddhikāmassa bhikkhuno;

Khīyanti āsavā sabbe, nibbutiñcādhigacchatī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Lūkhenapi vāti apisaddo samuccaye, vā-saddo vikappe. Ubhayenapi lūkhenapi appenapi yena kenaci sulabhena itarītarena santusse samaṃ sammā tusseyya. Tenāha ‘‘nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahu’’nti. Nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahunti attanā yathāladdhato aññaṃ madhurādirasaṃ bahuṃ paṇītañca na pattheyya na piheyya, iminā gilānapaccayepi santoso dassito hoti. Rasesu gedhavāraṇatthaṃ pana kāraṇaṃ vadanto rasesu anugiddhassa, jhāne na ramatī mano’’ti āha. Indriyasaṃvarampi aparipūrentassa kuto vikkhittacittasamādhānanti adhippāyo.

Evaṃ catūsu paccayesu sallekhapaṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni avasiṭṭhakathāvatthūni dassetuṃ ‘‘appiccho cevā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha appicchoti, aniccho catūsu paccayesu icchārahito, tena catubbidhapaccayesu taṇhuppādavikkhambhanamāha. Santuṭṭhoti, catūsu paccayesu yathālābhasantosādinā santuṭṭho. Yo hi –

‘‘Atītaṃ nānusoceyya, nappajappeyyanāgataṃ;

Paccuppannena yāpeyya, so ‘santuṭṭho’ti pavuccatī’’ti.

Na so upavade kañcīti so yathāvuttapaṭipattiko bhikkhu hīnaṃ vā majjhimaṃ vā ukkaṭṭhaṃ vā yaṃkiñci na vācāya upavadeyya. Upaghātaṃ vivajjayeti kāyena upaghātaṃ pariviheṭhanaṃ vajjeyya. Saṃvuto pātimokkhasminti pātimokkhamhi pātimokkhasaṃvarasīle saṃvuto assa, pātimokkhasaṃvarena pihitakāyavāco siyāti attho. Mattaññū cassa bhojaneti pariyesanapaṭiggahaṇaparibhogavissajjanesu bhojane pamāṇaññū siyā.

Suggahītanimittassāti ‘‘evaṃ me manasi karoto cittaṃ samāhitaṃ ahosī’’ti tadākāraṃ sallakkhento suṭṭhu gahitasamādhinimitto assa. ‘‘Suggahītanimitto so’’tipi pāṭho, so yogīti attho. Cittassuppādakovidoti evaṃ bhāvayato cittaṃ līnaṃ hoti, ‘‘evaṃ uddhata’’nti līnassa uddhatassa ca cittassa uppattikāraṇe kusalo assa. Līne hi citte dhammavicayavīriyapītisambojjhaṅgā bhāvetabbā, uddhate passaddhisamādhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgā. Satisambojjhaṅgo pana sabbattha icchitabbo. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Samathaṃ anuyuñjeyyāti samathabhāvanaṃ bhāveyya, anuppannaṃ samādhiṃ uppādeyya, uppannañca yāva vasībhāvappatti, tāva vaḍḍheyya byūheyyāti attho. Kālena ca vipassananti yathāladdhaṃ samādhiṃ nikantiyā apariyādānena hānabhāgiyaṃ ṭhitibhāgiyaṃ vā akatvā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃva katvā kālena vipassanañca anuyuñjeyya. Atha vā kālena ca vipassananti samathaṃ anuyuñjanto tassa thirībhūtakāle saṅkocaṃ anāpajjitvā ariyamaggādhigamāya vipassanaṃ anuyuñjeyya. Yathāha –

Bhikkhu vissāsamāpādi, appatto āsavakkhaya’’nti. (dha. pa. 271-272);

Evaṃ viharamānassāti, evaṃ vivittasenāsanasevanādinā vipassanāvasena yuttayogatāpariyosānena vidhinā viharantassa. Suddhikāmassāti, ñāṇadassanavisuddhiṃ accantavisuddhiṃ nibbānaṃ arahattañca icchantassa. Saṃsāre bhayassa ikkhato bhikkhuno, kāmāsavādayo sabbe āsavā khīyanti khayaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti, tesaṃ khayagamaneneva saupādisesaanupādisesapabhedaṃ duvidhampi nibbānaṃ adhigacchati pāpuṇāti.

Evaṃ thero tassa bhikkhuno ovādadānāpadesena attanā tathāpaṭipannabhāvaṃ dīpento aññaṃ byākāsi.

Vaṅgantaputtaupasenattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. (Apara)-gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

‘‘Vijāneyya sakaṃ atthaṃ, avalokeyyātha pāvacanaṃ;

Yañcettha assa patirūpaṃ, sāmaññaṃ ajjhūpagatassa.

‘‘Mittaṃ idha ca kalyāṇaṃ, sikkhā vipulaṃ samādānaṃ;

Sussūsā ca garūnaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Buddhesu sagāravatā, dhamme apaciti yathābhūtaṃ;

Saṅghe ca cittīkāro, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Ācāragocare yutto, ājīvo sodhito agārayho;

Cittassa ca saṇṭhapanaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Cārittaṃ atha vārittaṃ, iriyāpathiyaṃ pasādaniyaṃ;

Adhicitte ca āyogo, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Āraññakāni senāsanāni, pantāni appasaddāni;

Bhajitabbāni muninā, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Sīlañca bāhusaccañca, dhammānaṃ pavicayo yathābhūtaṃ;

Saccānaṃ abhisamayo, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Bhāveyya ca aniccanti, anattasaññaṃ asubhasaññañca;

Lokamhi ca anabhiratiṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

Aṭṭhaṅgamaggamariyaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

‘‘Taṇhaṃ pajaheyya muni, samūlake āsave padāleyya;

Vihareyya vippamutto, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpa’’nti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Kiṃ pana tanti āha ‘‘mittaṃ idha ca kalyāṇa’’ntiādi. Imasmiṃ sāsane kalyāṇamittaṃ seviyamānaṃ samaṇassa patirūpanti yojanā. Esa nayo itaresupi. Kalyāṇamittañhi nissāya akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti, suddhamattānaṃ pariharati. Sikkhā vipulaṃ samādānanti vipulaṃ sikkhāsamādānaṃ, mahatiyā nibbānāvahāya adhisīlādisikkhāya anuṭṭhānanti attho. Sussūsā ca garūnanti garūnaṃ ācariyupajjhāyādīnaṃ kalyāṇamittānaṃ ovādassa sotukamyatā pāricariyā ca. Etanti kalyāṇamittasevanādi.

Cārittanti caritvā paripūretabbasīlaṃ. Vārittanti viratiyā akaraṇena paripūretabbasīlaṃ. Iriyāpathiyaṃ pasādaniyanti paresaṃ pasādāvahaṃ ākappasampattinimittaṃ iriyāpathanissitaṃ sampajaññaṃ. Adhicitte ca āyogoti samathavipassanāsu anuyogo bhāvanā.

Āraññakānīti araññe pariyāpannāni. Pantānīti vivittāni.

Evaṃ thero samaṇasāruppapaṭipattikittanamukhena sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ tabbilomato bāhirakasamayassa aniyyānikatañca vibhāvesi. Taṃ sutvā te brāhmaṇamahāsālā sāsane abhippasannā saraṇādīsu patiṭṭhahiṃsu.

(Apara)-gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.