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The Order of Languages of Dictionaries to Show?
+ - {{ "zh_TW" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Dīghanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dīghanikāya") }}
+ - Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi") }}
2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Mahāvaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mahāvaggapāḷi") }}
3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ") }}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Pāthikavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Pāthikavaggapāḷi") }}
8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimanikāya") }}
+ - Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Sīhanādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sīhanādavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Opammavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Opammavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Mahāyamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Mahāyamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Cūḷayamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Cūḷayamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Gahapativaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Gahapativaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Tikanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tikanipātapāḷi") }}
(7) 2. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(7) 2. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Dvattiṃsākāro
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Dvattiṃsākāro") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Kumārapañhā
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Kumārapañhā") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Ratanasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Ratanasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ") }}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Translation")}}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - {{ "en_US" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Ekakanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Ekakanipātapāḷi") }}
3. Akammaniyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Akammaniyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Adantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Adantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dukanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dukanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Kammakaraṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Kammakaraṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Samacittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Samacittavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Parisavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Parisavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(10) 5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(10) 5. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}

1. Ekakanipāto

1. Paṭhamavaggo

1. Subhūtittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Idāni channāme kuṭikātiādinayappavattānaṃ theragāthānaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti. Sā panāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā yasmā tāsaṃ tāsaṃ gāthānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ pakāsetvā vuccamānā pākaṭā hoti suviññeyyā ca. Tasmā tattha tattha aṭṭhuppattiṃ pakāsetvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmāti.

Tattha channā me kuṭikātigāthāya kā uppatti? Vuccate – ito kira kappasatasahassamatthake anuppanneyeva padumuttare bhagavati lokanāthe haṃsavatīnāmake nagare aññatarassa brāhmaṇamahāsālassa eko putto uppajji. Tassa ‘‘nandamāṇavo’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto attano parivārabhūtehi catucattālīsāya māṇavakasahassehi saddhiṃ pabbatapāde isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca ca abhiññāyo nibbattesi. Antevāsikānampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. Tepi na cireneva jhānalābhino ahesuṃ.

Tena ca samayena padumuttaro bhagavā loke uppajjitvā haṃsavatīnagaraṃ upanissāya viharanto ekadivasaṃ paccūsasamaye lokaṃ volokento nandatāpasassa antevāsikajaṭilānaṃ arahattūpanissayaṃ nandatāpasassa ca dvīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa sāvakaṭṭhānantarassa patthanaṃ disvā pātova sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā pubbaṇhasamaye pattacīvaramādāya aññaṃ kañci anāmantetvā sīho viya ekacaro nandatāpasassa antevāsikesu phalāphalatthāya gatesu ‘‘buddhabhāvaṃ me jānātū’’ti passantasseva nandatāpasassa ākāsato otaritvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi. Nandatāpaso buddhānubhāvañceva lakkhaṇapāripūriñca disvā lakkhaṇamante sammasitvā ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato nāma agāraṃ ajjhāvasanto rājā hoti cakkavattī, pabbajanto loke vivaṭacchado sabbaññū buddho hoti. Ayaṃ purisājānīyo nissaṃsayaṃ buddhoti ñatvā paccuggamanaṃ katvā, pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, āsanaṃ paññāpetvā, adāsi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nandatāpasopi attano anucchavikaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Tasmiṃ samaye catucattālīsasahassajaṭilā paṇītapaṇītāni ojavantāni phalāphalāni gahetvā ācariyassa santikaṃ sampattā buddhānañceva ācariyassa ca nisinnāsanaṃ olokentā āhaṃsu – ‘‘ācariya, mayaṃ ‘imasmiṃ loke tumhehi mahantataro natthī’ti vicarāma, ayaṃ pana puriso tumhehi mahantataro maññe’’ti. Nandatāpaso, ‘‘tātā, kiṃ vadetha, sāsapena saddhiṃ aṭṭhasaṭṭhisatasahassayojanubbedhaṃ sineruṃ upametuṃ icchatha, sabbaññubuddhena saddhiṃ mā maṃ upamitthā’’ti āha. Atha te tāpasā ‘‘sace ayaṃ orako abhavissa, na amhākaṃ ācariyo evaṃ upamaṃ āhareyya, yāva mahā vatāyaṃ purisājānīyo’’ti pādesu nipatitvā sirasā vandiṃsu. Atha te ācariyo āha – ‘‘tātā, amhākaṃ buddhānaṃ anucchaviko deyyadhammo natthi, bhagavā ca bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ idhāgato, tasmā mayaṃ yathābalaṃ deyyadhammaṃ dassāma, tumhe yaṃ yaṃ paṇītaṃ phalāphalaṃ ānītaṃ, taṃ taṃ āharathā’’ti vatvā āharāpetvā hatthe dhovitvā sayaṃ tathāgatassa patte patiṭṭhāpesi. Satthārā phalāphale paṭiggahitamatte devatā dibbojaṃ pakkhipiṃsu. Tāpaso udakampi sayameva parissāvetvā adāsi. Tato bhojanakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā nisinne satthari sabbe antevāsike pakkositvā satthu santike sāraṇīyaṃ kathaṃ kathento nisīdi. Satthā ‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi. Bhikkhū satthu cittaṃ ñatvā satasahassamattā khīṇāsavā āgantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu.

Nandatāpaso antevāsike āmantesi – ‘‘tātā, buddhānaṃ nisinnāsanampi nīcaṃ, samaṇasatasahassassapi āsanaṃ natthi, tumhehi ajja uḷāraṃ bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca sakkāraṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati , pabbatapādato vaṇṇagandhasampannāni pupphāni āharathā’’ti. Acinteyyattā iddhivisayassa muhutteneva vaṇṇagandhasampannāni pupphāni āharitvā buddhānaṃ yojanappamāṇaṃ pupphāsanaṃ paññāpesuṃ. Aggasāvakānaṃ tigāvutaṃ, sesabhikkhūnaṃ aḍḍhayojanikādibhedaṃ, saṅghanavakassa usabhamattaṃ ahosi. Evaṃ paññattesu āsanesu nandatāpaso tathāgatassa purato añjaliṃ paggayha ṭhito, ‘‘bhante, mayhaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya imaṃ pupphāsanaṃ abhiruhathā’’ti āha. Nisīdi bhagavā pupphāsane. Evaṃ nisinne satthari satthu ākāraṃ ñatvā bhikkhū attano attano pattāsane nisīdiṃsu. Nandatāpaso mahantaṃ pupphachattaṃ gahetvā tathāgatassa matthake dhārento aṭṭhāsi. Satthā ‘‘tāpasānaṃ ayaṃ sakkāro mahapphalo hotū’’ti nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajji. Satthu samāpannabhāvaṃ ñatvā bhikkhūpi samāpajjiṃsu. Tathāgate sattāhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne antevāsikā bhikkhācārakāle sampatte vanamūlaphalāphalaṃ paribhuñjitvā sesakāle buddhānaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha tiṭṭhanti. Nandatāpaso pana bhikkhācārampi agantvā pupphachattaṃ dhārento sattāhaṃ pītisukheneva vītināmeti.

Satthā nirodhato vuṭṭhāya araṇavihāriaṅgena dakkhiṇeyyaṅgena cāti dvīhi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ ekaṃ sāvakaṃ ‘‘isigaṇassa pupphāsanānumodanaṃ karohī’’ti āṇāpesi. So cakkavattirañño santikā paṭiladdhamahālābho mahāyodho viya tuṭṭhamānaso attano visaye ṭhatvā tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ sammasitvā anumodanaṃ akāsi. Tassa desanāvasāne satthā sayaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāpariyosāne sabbe catucattālīsasahassatāpasā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Satthā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Tesaṃ tāvadeva kesamassu antaradhāyi. Aṭṭha parikkhārā kāye paṭimukkāva ahesuṃ saṭṭhivassattherā viya satthāraṃ parivārayiṃsu. Nandatāpaso pana vikkhittacittatāya visesaṃ nādhigacchi. Tassa kira araṇavihārittherassa santike dhammaṃ sotuṃ āraddhakālato paṭṭhāya ‘‘aho vatāhampi anāgate uppajjanakabuddhassa sāsane iminā sāvakena laddhadhuraṃ labheyya’’nti cittaṃ udapādi. So tena parivitakkena maggaphalapaṭivedhaṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhi. Tathāgataṃ pana vanditvā sammukhe ṭhatvā āha – ‘‘bhante, yena bhikkhunā isigaṇassa pupphāsanānumodanā katā, ko nāmāyaṃ tumhākaṃ sāsane’’ti. ‘‘Araṇavihāriaṅge dakkhiṇeyyaaṅge ca etadaggaṃ patto eso bhikkhū’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, yvāyaṃ mayā sattāhaṃ pupphachattaṃ dhārentena sakkāro kato, tena adhikārena na aññaṃ sampattiṃ patthemi, anāgate pana ekassa buddhassa sāsane ayaṃ thero viya dvīhaṅgehi samannāgato sāvako bhaveyya’’nti patthanamakāsi.

Satthā ‘‘samijjhissati nu, kho imassa tāpasassa patthanā’’ti anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ pesetvā olokento kappasatasahassaṃ atikkamitvā samijjhanakabhāvaṃ disvā nandatāpasaṃ āha – ‘‘na te ayaṃ patthanā moghā bhavissati, anāgate kappasatasahassaṃ atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa santike samijjhissatī’’ti vatvā dhammakathaṃ kathetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto ākāsaṃ pakkhandi. Nandatāpaso yāva cakkhupathasamatikkamā satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca uddissa añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. So aparabhāge kālena kālaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇi. Aparihīnajjhānova kālaṅkatvā brahmaloke nibbatto. Tato pana cuto aparānipi pañca jātisatāni pabbajitvā āraññako ahosi. Kassapasammāsambuddhakālepi pabbajitvā āraññako hutvā gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pūresi. Etaṃ kira vattaṃ aparipūretvā mahāsāvakabhāvaṃ pāpuṇantā nāma natthi. Gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pana āgamaṭṭhakathāsu vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. So vīsativassasahassāni gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pūretvā kālaṅkatvā kāmāvacaradevaloke tāvatiṃsabhavane nibbatti. Vuttañhetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.3.151) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre , nisabho nāma pabbato;

Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā.

‘‘Kosiyo nāma nāmena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;

Ekākiyo adutiyo, vasāmi nisabhe tadā.

‘‘Phalaṃ mūlañca paṇṇañca, na bhuñjāmi ahaṃ tadā;

Pavattaṃva supātāhaṃ, upajīvāmi tāvade.

‘‘Nāhaṃ kopemi ājīvaṃ, cajamānopi jīvitaṃ;

Ārādhemi sakaṃ cittaṃ, vivajjemi anesanaṃ.

‘‘Rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ cittaṃ, yadā uppajjate mama;

Sayaṃva paccavekkhāmi, ekaggo taṃ damemahaṃ.

‘‘Rajjase rajjanīye ca, dussanīye ca dussase;

Muyhase mohanīye ca, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.

‘‘Visuddhānaṃ ayaṃ vāso, nimmalānaṃ tapassinaṃ;

Mā kho visuddhaṃ dūsesi, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.

‘‘Agāriko bhavitvāna, yadā puttaṃ labhissasi;

Ubhopi mā virādhesi, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.

‘‘Chavālātaṃ yathā kaṭṭhaṃ, na kvaci kiccakārakaṃ;

Neva gāme araññe vā, na hi taṃ kaṭṭhasammataṃ.

‘‘Chavālātūpamo tvaṃ si, na gihī nāpi saññato;

Ubhato muttako ajja, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.

‘‘Siyā nu kho tava etaṃ, ko pajānāti te idaṃ;

Saddhādhuraṃ vahisi me, kosajjabahulāya ca.

‘‘Jigucchissanti taṃ viññū, asuciṃ nāgariko yathā;

Ākaḍḍhitvāna isayo, codayissanti taṃ sadā.

‘‘Taṃ viññū pavadissanti, samatikkantasāsanaṃ;

Saṃvāsaṃ alabhanto hi, kathaṃ jīvihisi tuvaṃ.

‘‘Tidhāpabhinnaṃ mātaṅgaṃ, kuñjaraṃ saṭṭhihāyanaṃ;

Balī nāgo upagantvā, yūthā nīharate gajaṃ.

‘‘Yūthā vinissaṭo santo, sukhaṃ sātaṃ na vindati;

Dukkhito vimano hoti, pajjhāyanto pavedhati.

‘‘Tatheva jaṭilā tampi, nīharissanti dummatiṃ;

Tehi tvaṃ nissaṭo santo, sukhaṃ sātaṃ na lacchasi.

‘‘Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, sokasallasamappito;

Dayhati pariḷāhena, gajo yūthāva nissaṭo.

‘‘Jātarūpaṃ yathā kūṭaṃ, neva jhāyati katthaci;

Tathā sīlavīhino tvaṃ, na jhāyissasi katthaci.

‘‘Agāraṃ vasamānopi, kathaṃ jīvihisi tuvaṃ;

Mattikaṃ pettikañcāpi, natthi te nihitaṃ dhanaṃ.

‘‘Sayaṃ kammaṃ karitvāna, gatte sedaṃ pamocayaṃ;

Evaṃ jīvihisi gehe, sādhu te taṃ na ruccati.

‘‘Evāhaṃ tattha vāremi, saṃkilesagataṃ manaṃ;

Nānādhammakathaṃ katvā, pāpā cittaṃ nivārayiṃ.

‘‘Evaṃ me viharantassa, appamādavihārino;

Tiṃsavassasahassāni, vipine me atikkamuṃ.

‘‘Appamādarataṃ disvā, uttamatthaṃ gavesakaṃ;

Padumuttarasambuddho, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Timbarūsakavaṇṇābho, appameyyo anūpamo;

Rūpenāsadiso buddho, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.

‘‘Suphullo sālarājāva, vijjūvabbhaghanantare;

Ñāṇenāsadiso buddho, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.

‘‘Sīharājāvasambhīto, gajarājāva dappito;

Lāsīto byaggharājāva, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.

‘‘Siṅghīnikkhasavaṇṇābho, khadiraṅgārasannibho;

Maṇi yathā jotiraso, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.

‘‘Visuddhakelāsanibho, puṇṇamāyeva candimā;

Majjhanhikeva sūriyo, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.

‘‘Disvā nabhe caṅkamantaṃ, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;

Devo nu kho ayaṃ satto, udāhu manujo ayaṃ.

‘‘Na me suto vā diṭṭho vā, mahiyā ediso naro;

Api mantapadaṃ atthi, ayaṃ satthā bhavissati.

‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;

Nānāpupphañca gandhañca, sannipātesahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Pupphāsanaṃ paññāpetvā, sādhucittaṃ manoramaṃ;

Narasārathinaṃ aggaṃ, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.

‘‘Idaṃ me āsanaṃ vīra, paññattaṃ tavanucchavaṃ;

Hāsayanto mamaṃ cittaṃ, nisīda kusumāsane.

‘‘Nisīdi tattha bhagavā, asambhītova kesarī;

Sattarattindivaṃ buddho, pavare kusumāsane.

‘‘Namassamāno aṭṭhāsiṃ, sattarattindivaṃ ahaṃ;

Vuṭṭhahitvā samādhimhā, satthā loke anuttaro;

Mama kammaṃ pakittento, idaṃ vacanamabravi.

‘‘Bhāvehi buddhānussatiṃ, bhāvanānamanuttaraṃ;

Imaṃ satiṃ bhāvayitvā, pūrayissasi mānasaṃ.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni , devaloke ramissasi;

Asītikkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissasi;

Sahassakkhattuṃ cakkavattī, rājā raṭṭhe bhavissasi.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Anubhossasi taṃ sabbaṃ, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.

‘‘Bhavābhave saṃsaranto, mahābhogaṃ labhissasi;

Bhoge te ūnatā natthi, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Asītikoṭiṃ chaḍḍetvā, dāse kammakare bahū;

Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissasi.

‘‘Ārādhayitvā sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;

Subhūti nāma nāmena, hessasi satthu sāvako.

‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, dakkhiṇeyyaguṇamhi taṃ;

Tathāraṇavihāre ca, dvīsu agge ṭhapessasi.

‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna sambuddho, jalajuttamanāmako;

Nabhaṃ abbhuggamī vīro, haṃsarājāva ambare.

‘‘Sāsito lokanāthena, namassitvā tathāgataṃ;

Sadā bhāvemi mudito, buddhānussatimuttamaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsaṃ agacchahaṃ.

‘‘Asītikkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Anubhomi susampattiṃ, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.

‘‘Bhavābhave saṃsaranto, mahābhogaṃ labhāmahaṃ;

Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –

Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā subhūtitthero imā gāthāyo abhāsitthāti.

Evaṃ pana so tāvatiṃsabhavane aparāparaṃ uppajjanavasena dibbasampattiṃ anubhavitvā tato cuto manussaloke anekasatakkhattuṃ cakkavattirājā ca padesarājā ca hutvā uḷāraṃ manussasampattiṃ anubhavitvā atha amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ sumanaseṭṭhissa gehe anāthapiṇḍikassa kaniṭṭho hutvā nibbatti ‘‘subhūtī’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi.

Tena ca samayena amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattavaradhammacakko anupubbena rājagahaṃ gantvā tattha veḷuvanapaṭiggahaṇādinā lokānuggahaṃ karonto rājagahaṃ upanissāya sītavane viharati. Tadā anāthapiṇḍiko seṭṭhi sāvatthiyaṃ uṭṭhānakabhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā attano sahāyassa rājagahaseṭṭhino gharaṃ gato buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthāraṃ sītavane viharantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paṭhamadassaneneva sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya satthāraṃ sāvatthiṃ āgamanatthāya yācitvā tato pañcacattālīsayojane magge yojane yojane satasahassapariccāgena vihāre patiṭṭhāpetvā sāvatthiyaṃ rājamānena aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ jetassa rājakumārassa uyyānabhūmiṃ koṭisanthārena kiṇitvā tattha bhagavato vihāraṃ kāretvā adāsi. Vihārapariggahaṇadivase ayaṃ subhūtikuṭumbiko anāthapiṇḍikaseṭṭhinā saddhiṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto saddhaṃ paṭilabhitvā pabbaji . So upasampajjitvā dve mātikā paguṇā katvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathāpetvā araññe samaṇadhammaṃ karonto mettājhānapādakaṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So dhammaṃ desento yasmā satthārā desitaniyāmena anodissakaṃ katvā dhammaṃ deseti. Tasmā araṇavihārīnaṃ aggo nāma jāto. Piṇḍāya caranto ghare ghare mettājhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya bhikkhaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti ‘‘evaṃ dāyakānaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmā dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ aggo nāma jāto. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ araṇavihārīnaṃ yadidaṃ subhūti, dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ yadidaṃ subhūtī’’ti (a. ni. 1.198, 201). Evamayaṃ mahāthero arahatte patiṭṭhāya attanā pūritapāramīnaṃ phalassa matthakaṃ patvā loke abhiññāto abhilakkhito hutvā bahujanahitāya janapadacārikaṃ caranto anupubbena rājagahaṃ agamāsi.

Rājā bimbisāro therassa āgamanaṃ sutvā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘idheva, bhante, vasathā’’ti vatvā ‘‘nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ karissāmī’’ti pakkanto vissari. Thero senāsanaṃ alabhanto abbhokāse vītināmesi. Therassa ānubhāvena devo na vassati. Manussā avuṭṭhitāya upaddutā rañño nivesanadvāre ukkuṭṭhimakaṃsu. Rājā ‘‘kena nu kho kāraṇena devo na vassatī’’ti vīmaṃsanto ‘‘therassa abbhokāsavāsena maññe na vassatī’’ti cintetvā tassa paṇṇakuṭiṃ kārāpetvā ‘‘imissā, bhante, paṇṇakuṭiyā vasathā’’ti vatvā vanditvā pakkāmi. Thero kuṭikaṃ pavisitvā tiṇasanthārake pallaṅkena nisīdi. Tadā pana devo thokaṃ thokaṃ phusāyati, na sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchati. Atha thero lokassa avuṭṭhikabhayaṃ visamitukāmo attano ajjhattikabāhiravatthukassa parissayassa abhāvaṃ pavedento –

1.

‘‘Channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā, vassa deva yathāsukhaṃ;

Cittaṃ me susamāhitaṃ vimuttaṃ, ātāpī viharāmi vassa devā’’ti. –

Gāthamāha.

Tattha channa-saddo tāva ‘‘channā sā kumārikā imassa kumārakassa’’ (pārā. 296) ‘‘nacchannaṃ nappatirūpa’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 383) patirūpe āgato. ‘‘Channaṃ tveva, phagguṇa, phassāyatanāna’’ntiādīsu vacanavisiṭṭhe saṅkhyāvisese. ‘‘Channamativassati, vivaṭaṃ nātivassatī’’tiādīsu (udā. 45; cūḷava. 385) gahaṇe. ‘‘Kyāhaṃ te nacchannopi karissāmī’’tiādīsu nivāsanapārupane ‘‘āyasmā channo anācāraṃ ācaratī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 424) paññattiyaṃ. ‘‘Sabbacchannaṃ sabbaparicchannaṃ (pāci. 52, 54), channā kuṭi āhito ginī’’ti (su. ni. 18) ca ādīsu tiṇādīhi chādane. Idhāpi tiṇādīhi chādaneyeva daṭṭhabbo, tasmā tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā channā yathā na vassati vassodakapatanaṃ na hoti na ovassati, evaṃ sammadeva chāditāti attho.

Me-saddo ‘‘kicchena me adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsitu’’ntiādīsu (mahāva. 8; dī. ni. 2.65; ma. ni. 1.281; 2.337; saṃ. ni. 1.172) karaṇe āgato, mayāti attho. ‘‘Tassa me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.182; a. ni. 4.257) sampadāne, mayhanti attho. ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato’’ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.206; saṃ. ni. 4.14) sāmiatthe āgato. Idhāpi sāmiatthe eva daṭṭhabbo, mamāti attho. Kiñcāpi khīṇāsavānaṃ mamāyitabbaṃ nāma kiñci natthi lokadhammehi anupalittabhāvato, lokasamaññāvasena pana tesampi ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti vohāramattaṃ hoti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.29).

Kuṭikāti pana mātukucchipi karajakāyopi tiṇādicchadano patissayopi vuccati. Tathā hi –

‘‘Mātaraṃ kuṭikaṃ brūsi, bhariyaṃ brūsi kulāvakaṃ;

Putte santānake brūsi, taṇhā me brūsi bandhana’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.19) –

Ādīsu mātukucchi ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti vuttā.

‘‘Aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭike , maṃsanhārupasibbite;

Dhiratthu pūre duggandhe, paragatte mamāyasī’’ti. (theragā. 1153) –

Ādīsu kesādisamūhabhūto karajakāyo. ‘‘Kassapassa bhagavato bhagini kuṭi ovassati’’ (ma. ni. 2.291) ‘‘kuṭi nāma ullittā vā hoti avalittā vā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 349) tiṇachadanapatissayo. Idhāpi so eva veditabbo paṇṇasālāya adhippetattā. Kuṭi eva hi kuṭikā, apākaṭakuṭi ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti vuttā.

Sukha-saddo pana ‘‘vipiṭṭhikatvāna sukhaṃ dukhañca, pubbeva ca somanassadomanassa’’ntiādīsu (su. ni. 67) sukhavedanāyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Sukho buddhānamuppādo, sukhā saddhammadesanā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 194) sukhamūle. ‘‘Sukhassetaṃ, bhikkhave, adhivacanaṃ yadidaṃ puññānī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 7.62; itivu. 22) sukhahetumhi. ‘‘Yasmā ca, kho, mahāli, rūpaṃ sukhaṃ sukhānupatitaṃ sukhāvakkanta’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.60) sukhārammaṇe, ‘‘diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.82) abyāpajje. ‘‘Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukha’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.215; dha. pa. 203-204) nibbāne. ‘‘Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, na sukaraṃ akkhānena pāpuṇituṃ yāva sukhā saggā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.225) sukhappaccayaṭṭhāne. ‘‘Sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanika’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.163; saṃ. ni. 1.130) iṭṭhe, piyamanāpeti attho. Idhāpi iṭṭhe sukhappaccaye vā daṭṭhabbo. Sā hi kuṭi anto bahi ca manāpabhāvena sampāditā nivāsanaphāsutāya ‘‘sukhā’’ti vuttā. Tathā nātisītanātiuṇhatāya utusukhasampattiyogena kāyikacetasikasukhassa paccayabhāvato.

Nivātāti avātā, phusitaggaḷapihitavātapānattā vātaparissayarahitāti attho. Idaṃ tassā kuṭikā sukhabhāvavibhāvanaṃ. Savāte hi senāsane utusappāyo na labbhati, nivāte so labbhatīti. Vassāti pavassa sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccha. Devāti ayaṃ deva-saddo ‘‘imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusavatīrājadhānippamukhāni, ettha , deva, chandaṃ janehi jīvite apekkha’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.266) sammutideve khattiye āgato. ‘‘Cātumahārājikā devā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.337) upapattidevesu. ‘‘Tassa devātidevassa, sāsanaṃ sabbadassino’’tiādīsu visuddhidevesu . Visuddhidevānañhi bhagavato atidevabhāve vutte itaresaṃ vutto eva hoti. ‘‘Viddhe vigatavalāhake deve’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.486; saṃ. ni. 1.110; itivu. 27) ākāse. ‘‘Devo ca kālena kālaṃ na sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchatī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.70) meghe pajjunne vā. Idhāpi meghe pajjunne vā daṭṭhabbo. Vassāti hi te āṇāpento thero ālapati. Yathāsukhanti yathāruciṃ. Tava vassanena mayhaṃ bāhiro parissayo natthi, tasmā yathākāmaṃ vassāti vassūpajīvisatte anuggaṇhanto vadati.

Idāni abbhantare parissayābhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘citta’’ntiādimāha. Tattha cittaṃ me susamāhitanti mama cittaṃ suṭṭhu ativiya sammā sammadeva ekaggabhāvena ārammaṇe ṭhapitaṃ. Tañca kho na nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanamattena; api ca kho vimuttaṃ orambhāgiyauddhaṃbhāgiyasaṅgahehi sabbasaṃyojanehi sabbakilesadhammato ca visesena vimuttaṃ, samucchedappahānavasena paṭipassaddhippahānavasena te pajahitvā ṭhitanti attho. Ātāpīti vīriyavā. Phalasamāpattiatthaṃ vipassanārambhavasena diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthañca āraddhavīriyo hutvā viharāmi, dibbavihārādīhi attabhāvaṃ pavattemi, na pana kilesappahānatthaṃ, pahātabbasseva abhāvatoti adhippāyo. ‘‘Yathā pana bāhiraparissayābhāvena, deva, mayā tvaṃ vassane niyojito, evaṃ abbhantaraparissayābhāvenapī’’ti dassento punapi ‘‘vassa, devā’’ti āha.

Aparo nayo channāti chāditā pihitā. Kuṭikāti attabhāvo. So hi ‘‘anekāvayavassa samudāyassa avijjānīvaraṇassa, bhikkhave, puggalassa taṇhāsaṃyuttassa ayañceva kāyo samudāgato, bahiddhā ca nāmarūpa’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.19) kāyoti āgato. ‘‘Siñca, bhikkhu, imaṃ nāvaṃ , sittā te lahumessatī’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 66) nāvāti āgato. ‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhata’’nti (dha. pa. 154) ca ādīsu gahanti āgato. ‘‘Satto guhāyaṃ bahunābhichanno, tiṭṭhaṃ naro mohanasmiṃ pagāḷho’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 778) guhāti āgato. ‘‘Nelaṅgo setapacchādo, ekāro vattatī ratho’’tiādīsu (udā. 65) rathoti āgato. ‘‘Puna gehaṃ na kāhasī’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 154) gehanti āgato. ‘‘Vivaṭā kuṭi nibbuto ginī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 19) kuṭīti āgato. Tasmā idhāpi so ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti vutto. Attabhāvo hi kaṭṭhādīni paṭicca labbhamānā gehanāmikā kuṭikā viya aṭṭhiādisaññite pathavīdhātuādike phassādike ca paṭicca labbhamāno ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti vutto, cittamakkaṭassa nivāsabhāvato ca. Yathāha –

‘‘Aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭivesā, makkaṭāvasatho iti;

Makkaṭo pañcadvārāya, kuṭikāya pasakkiya;

Dvārenānupariyāti, ghaṭṭayanto punappuna’’nti ca.

Sā panesā attabhāvakuṭikā therassa tiṇṇaṃ channaṃ aṭṭhannañca asaṃvaradvārānaṃ vasena samati vijjhanakassa rāgādiavassutassa paññāya saṃvutattā sammadeva pihitattā ‘‘channā’’ti vuttā. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti (su. ni. 1041). Vuttanayena channattā eva kilesadukkhābhāvato nirāmisasukhasamaṅgitāya ca sukhā sukhappattā, tato eva ca nivātā nihatamānamadathambhasārambhatāya nivātavuttikā. Ayañca nayo ‘‘mayhaṃ na saṃkilesadhammānaṃ saṃvaraṇamattena siddho, atha kho aggamaggasamādhinā suṭṭhu samāhitacittatāya ceva aggamaggapaññāya sabbasaṃyojanehi vippamuttacittatāya cā’’ti dassento āha ‘‘cittaṃ me susamāhitaṃ vimutta’’nti. Evaṃbhūto ca ‘‘idānāhaṃ katakaraṇīyo’’ti na appossukko homi, atha kho ātāpī viharāmi, sadevakassa lokassa hitasukhūpasaṃhāre ussāhajāto bhikkhācārakālepi anugharaṃ brahmavihāreneva viharāmi. Tasmā tvampi, deva, pajjunna mayhaṃ piyaṃ kātukāmatāyapi vassūpajīvīnaṃ sattānaṃ anukampāyapi vassa sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchāti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

Ettha ca thero ‘‘channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā’’ti iminā lokiyalokuttarabhedaṃ attano adhisīlasikkhaṃ dasseti. ‘‘Cittaṃ me susamāhita’’nti iminā adhicittasikkhaṃ. ‘‘Vimutta’’nti iminā adhipaññāsikkhaṃ. ‘‘Ātāpī viharāmī’’ti iminā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ. Atha vā ‘‘channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā’’ti iminā animittavihāraṃ dasseti kilesavassapidhānamukhena niccādinimittugghāṭanadīpanato. ‘‘Cittaṃ me susamāhita’’nti iminā appaṇihitavihāraṃ. ‘‘Vimutta’’nti iminā suññatavihāraṃ. ‘‘Ātāpī viharāmī’’ti iminā tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vihārānaṃ adhigamūpāyaṃ. Paṭhamena vā dosappahānaṃ, dutiyena rāgappahānaṃ, tatiyena mohappahānaṃ. Tathā dutiyena paṭhamadutiyehi vā dhammavihārasampattiyo dasseti. Tatiyena vimuttisampattiyo. ‘‘Ātāpī viharāmī’’ti iminā parahitapaṭipattiyaṃ atanditabhāvaṃ dassetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Evaṃ ‘‘yathānāmā’’ti gāthāya vuttānaṃ dhammavihārādīnaṃ imāya gāthāya dassitattā tattha adassitesu nāmagottesu nāmaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘itthaṃ suda’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Ye hi therā nāmamattena pākaṭā, te nāmena, ye gottamattena pākaṭā, te gottena, ye ubhayathā pākaṭā, te ubhayenapi dassissa’’nti. Ayaṃ pana thero nāmena abhilakkhito, na tathā gottenāti ‘‘itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā subhūtī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha itthanti idaṃ pakāraṃ, iminā ākārenāti attho. Sudanti su idaṃ, sandhivasena ikāralopo. ti ca nipātamattaṃ, idaṃ gāthanti yojanā. Āyasmāti piyavacanametaṃ garugāravasappatissavacanametaṃ. Subhūtīti nāmakittanaṃ. So hi sarīrasampattiyāpi dassanīyo pāsādiko, guṇasampattiyāpi. Iti sundarāya sarīrāvayavavibhūtiyā sīlasampattiyādivibhūtiyā ca samannāgatattā subhūtīti paññāyittha sīlasārādithiraguṇayogato thero. Abhāsitthāti kathesi. Kasmā panete mahātherā attano guṇe pakāsentīti? Iminā dīghena addhunā anadhigatapubbaṃ paramagambhīraṃ ativiya santaṃ paṇītaṃ attanā adhigataṃ lokuttaradhammaṃ paccavekkhitvā pītivegasamussāhitaudānavasena sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanavasena ca paramappicchā ariyā attano guṇe pakāsenti, yathā taṃ lokanātho bodhaneyyaajjhāsayavasena ‘‘dasabalasamannāgato, bhikkhave, tathāgato catuvesārajjavisārado’’tiādinā attano guṇe pakāseti, evamayaṃ therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā hotīti.

Paramatthadīpaniyā theragāthāsaṃvaṇṇanāya

Subhūtittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Mahākoṭṭhikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Upasantoti āyasmato mahākoṭṭhikattherassa gāthā. Tassa kā uppatti? Ayampi thero padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare mahābhogakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto mātāpitūnaṃ accayena kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhapetvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato dhammadesanākāle haṃsavatīnagaravāsike gandhamālādihatthe yena buddho yena dhammo yena saṅgho, tanninne tappoṇe tappabbhāre gacchante disvā mahājanena saddhiṃ upagato satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ kira imasmiṃ sāsane paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo, aho vatāhampi ekassa buddhassa sāsane ayaṃ viya paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti cintetvā satthu desanāpariyosāne vuṭṭhitāya parisāya bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, sve mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti nimantesi. Satthā adhivāsesi. So bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā sakanivesanaṃ gantvā sabbarattiṃ buddhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa ca nisajjaṭṭhānaṃ gandhadāmamālādāmādīhi alaṅkaritvā paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane bhikkhusatasahassaparivāraṃ bhagavantaṃ vividhayāgukhajjakaparivāraṃ nānārasasūpabyañjanaṃ gandhasālibhojanaṃ bhojetvā bhattakiccapariyosāne cintesi – ‘‘mahantaṃ, kho, ahaṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthemi na kho pana mayhaṃ yuttaṃ ekadivasameva dānaṃ datvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetuṃ, anupaṭipāṭiyā satta divase dānaṃ datvā patthessāmī’’ti . So teneva niyāmena satta divase mahādānāni datvā bhattakiccapariyosāne dussakoṭṭhāgāraṃ vivarāpetvā uttamaṃ ticīvarappahonakaṃ sukhumavatthaṃ buddhassa pādamūle ṭhapetvā bhikkhusatasahassassa ca ticīvaraṃ datvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, yo so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattamadivasamatthake etadagge ṭhapito, ahampi so bhikkhu viya anāgate uppajjanakabuddhassa sāsane pabbajitvā paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti vatvā satthu pādamūle nipajjitvā patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa patthanāya samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate ito kappasatasahassamatthake gotamo nāma buddho loke uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tava patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti byākāsi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.221-250) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbalokavidū muni;

Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji cakkhumā.

‘‘Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;

Desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;

Sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.

‘‘Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;

Vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.

‘‘Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggato so mahāmuni;

Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.

‘‘Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;

Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, brāhmaṇo vedapāragū;

Upecca sabbalokaggaṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.

‘‘Tadā so sāvakaṃ vīro, pabhinnamatigocaraṃ;

Atthe dhamme nirutte ca, paṭibhāne ca kovidaṃ.

‘‘Ṭhapesi etadaggamhi, taṃ sutvā mudito ahaṃ;

Sasāvakaṃ jinavaraṃ, sattāhaṃ bhojayiṃ tadā.

‘‘Dussehacchādayitvāna, sasissaṃ buddhisāgaraṃ;

Nipacca pādamūlamhi, taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthayiṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Tato avoca lokaggo, passathetaṃ dijuttamaṃ;

Vinataṃ pādamūle me, kamalodarasappabhaṃ.

‘‘Buddhaseṭṭhassa bhikkhussa, ṭhānaṃ patthayate ayaṃ;

Tāya saddhāya cāgena, saddhammassavanena ca.

‘‘Sabbattha sukhito hutvā, saṃsaritvā bhavābhave;

Anāgatamhi addhāne, lacchasetaṃ manorathaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Koṭṭhiko nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Taṃ sutvā mudito hutvā, yāvajīvaṃ tadā jinaṃ;

Mettacitto paricariṃ, sato paññā samāhito.

‘‘Tena kammavipākena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Sabbattha sukhito āsiṃ, tassa kammassa vāhasā.

‘‘Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;

Aññaṃ gatiṃ na gacchāmi, suciṇṇassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye atha brāhmaṇe;

Nīce kule na jāyāmi, suciṇṇassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pacchime bhave sampatte, brahmabandhu ahosahaṃ;

Sāvatthiyaṃ vippakule, paccājāto mahaddhane.

‘‘Mātā candavatī nāma, pitā me assalāyano;

Yadā me pitaraṃ buddho, vinayī sabbasuddhiyā.

‘‘Tadā pasanno sugate, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Moggallāno ācariyo, upajjhā sārisambhavo.

‘‘Kesesu chijjamānesu, diṭṭhi chinnā samūlikā;

Nivāsento ca kāsāvaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Atthadhammaniruttīsu, paṭibhāne ca me mati;

Pabhinnā tena lokaggo, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.

‘‘Asandiṭṭhaṃ viyākāsiṃ, upatissena pucchito;

Paṭisambhidāsu tenāhaṃ, aggo sambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ so tattha tattha bhave puññañāṇasambhāraṃ sambharanto aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Koṭṭhikotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā brāhmaṇasippe nipphattiṃ gato ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampannakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā paṭisambhidāsu ciṇṇavasī hutvā abhiññāte abhiññāte mahāthere upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchantopi dasabalaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchantopi paṭisambhidāsuyeva pañhaṃ pucchi. Evamayaṃ thero tattha katādhikāratāya ciṇṇavasībhāvena ca paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo jāto. Atha naṃ satthā mahāvedallasuttaṃ (ma. ni. 1.449 ādayo) aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākoṭṭhiko’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 218). So aparena samayena vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento udānavasena –

2.

‘‘Upasanto uparato, mantabhāṇī anuddhato;

Dhunāti pāpake dhamme, dumapattaṃva māluto’’ti. –

Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahākoṭṭhikatthero gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha upasantoti manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ upasamanena nibbisevanabhāvakaraṇena upasanto. Uparatoti sabbasmā pāpakaraṇato orato virato. Mantabhāṇīti mantā vuccati paññā, tāya pana upaparikkhitvā bhaṇatīti mantabhāṇī, kālavādīādibhāvaṃ avissajjentoyeva bhaṇatīti attho. Mantabhaṇanavasena vā bhaṇatīti mantabhāṇī, dubbhāsitato vinā attano bhāsanavasena caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ subhāsitaṃyeva bhaṇatīti attho. Jātiādivasena attano anukkaṃsanato na uddhatoti anuddhato atha vā tiṇṇaṃ kāyaduccaritānaṃ vūpasamanena tato paṭiviratiyā upasanto, tiṇṇaṃ manoduccaritānaṃ uparamaṇena pajahanena uparato, catunnaṃ vacīduccaritānaṃ appavattiyā parimitabhāṇitāya mantabhāṇī, tividhaduccaritanimittauppajjanakassa uddhaccassa abhāvato anuddhato. Evaṃ pana tividhaduccaritappahānena suddhe sīle patiṭṭhito, uddhaccappahānena samāhito, tameva samādhiṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā dhunāti pāpake dhamme lāmakaṭṭhena pāpake sabbepi saṃkilesadhamme niddhunāti, samucchedavasena pajahati . Yathā kiṃ? Dumapattaṃva māluto, yathā nāma dumassa rukkhassa pattaṃ paṇḍupalāsaṃ māluto vāto dhunāti, bandhanato viyojento nīharati, evaṃ yathāvuttapaṭipattiyaṃ ṭhito pāpadhamme attano santānato nīharati, evamayaṃ therassa aññāpadesena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi hotīti veditabbā.

Ettha ca kāyavacīduccaritappahānavacanena payogasuddhiṃ dasseti, manoduccaritappahānavacanena āsayasuddhiṃ. Evaṃ payogāsayasuddhassa ‘‘anuddhato’’ti iminā uddhaccābhāvavacanena tadekaṭṭhatāya nīvaraṇappahānaṃ dasseti. Tesu payogasuddhiyā sīlasampatti vibhāvitā, āsayasuddhiyā samathabhāvanāya upakārakadhammapariggaho, nīvaraṇappahānena samādhibhāvanā, ‘‘dhunāti pāpake dhamme’’ti iminā paññābhāvanā vibhāvitā hoti. Evaṃ adhisīlasikkhādayo tisso sikkhā, tividhakalyāṇaṃ sāsanaṃ, tadaṅgappahānādīni tīṇi pahānāni, antadvayaparivajjanena saddhiṃ majjhimāya paṭipattiyā paṭipajjanaṃ, apāyabhavādīnaṃ samatikkamanūpāyo ca yathārahaṃ niddhāretvā yojetabbā. Iminā nayena sesagāthāsupi yathārahaṃ atthayojanā veditabbā. Atthamattameva pana tattha tattha apubbaṃ vaṇṇayissāma. ‘‘Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko’’ti idaṃ pūjāvacanaṃ, yathā taṃ mahāmoggallānoti.

Mahākoṭṭhikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Kaṅkhārevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Paññaṃ imaṃ passāti āyasmato kaṅkhārevatassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi thero padumuttarabhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto. Ekadivasaṃ buddhānaṃ dhammadesanākāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ jhānābhiratānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā desanāvasāne satthāraṃ nimantetvā heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahāsakkāraṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ āha – ‘‘bhante, ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena aññaṃ sampattiṃ na patthemi, yathā pana so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattamadivasamatthake jhāyīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, evaṃ ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane jhāyīnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanamakāsi. Satthā anāgataṃ oloketvā nipphajjanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassāvasāne gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tvaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo bhavissasī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi.

So yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthinagare mahābhogakule nibbatto pacchābhattaṃ dhammassavanatthaṃ gacchantena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dasabalassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampadaṃ labhitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathāpetvā jhānaparikammaṃ karonto jhānalābhī hutvā jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So yebhuyyena dasabalena samāpajjitabbasamāpattiṃ samāpajjanto ahorattaṃ jhānesu ciṇṇavasī ahosi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ yadidaṃ kaṅkhārevato’’ti (a. ni. 1.198, 204) jhāyīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.55.34-53) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammesu cakkhumā;

Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.

‘‘Sīhahanu brahmagiro, haṃsadundubhinissano;

Nāgavikkantagamano, candasūrādhikappabho.

‘‘Mahāmati mahāvīro, mahājhāyī mahābalo;

Mahākāruṇiko nātho, mahātamapanūdano.

‘‘Sa kadāci tilokaggo, veneyyaṃ vinayaṃ bahuṃ;

Dhammaṃ desesi sambuddho, sattāsayavidū muni.

‘‘Jhāyiṃ jhānarataṃ vīraṃ, upasantaṃ anāvilaṃ;

Vaṇṇayanto parisatiṃ, tosesi janataṃ jino.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, brāhmaṇo vedapāragū;

Dhammaṃ sutvāna mudito, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.

‘‘Tadā jino viyākāsi, saṅghamajjhe vināyako;

Mudito hohi tvaṃ brahme, lacchase taṃ manorathaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Revato nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jātohaṃ koliye pure;

Khattiye kulasampanne, iddhe phīte mahaddhane.

‘‘Yadā kapilavatthusmiṃ, buddho dhammamadesayi;

Tadā pasanno sugate, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

‘‘Kaṅkhā me bahulā āsi, kappākappe tahiṃ tahiṃ;

Sabbaṃ taṃ vinayī buddho, desetvā dhammamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Tatohaṃ tiṇṇasaṃsāro, tadā jhānasukhe rato;

Viharāmi tadā buddho, maṃ disvā etadabravi.

‘‘Yā kāci kaṅkhā idha vā huraṃ vā, savediyā vā paravediyā vā;

Ye jhāyino tā pajahanti sabbā, ātāpino brahmacariyaṃ carantā.

‘‘Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me idha;

Sumutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayiṃ mama.

‘‘Tato jhānarattaṃ disvā, buddho lokantagū muni;

Jhāyīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggo, paññāpesi mahāmati.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Tathā katakicco panāyaṃ mahāthero pubbe dīgharattaṃ attano kaṅkhāpakatacittataṃ idāni sabbaso vigatakaṅkhatañca paccavekkhitvā ‘‘aho nūna mayhaṃ satthuno desanānubhāvo, tenetarahi evaṃ vigatakaṅkho ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto jāto’’ti sañjātabahumāno bhagavato paññaṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘paññaṃ imaṃ passā’’ti imaṃ gāthamāha.

3. Tattha paññanti pakāre jānāti, pakārehi ñāpetīti ca paññā. Veneyyānaṃ āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādippakāre dhammānaṃ kusalādike khandhādike ca desetabbappakāre jānāti, yathāsabhāvato paṭivijjhati, tehi ca pakārehi ñāpetīti attho. Satthu desanāñāṇañhi idhādhippetaṃ, tenāha ‘‘ima’’nti. Tañhi attani siddhena desanābalena nayaggāhato paccakkhaṃ viya upaṭṭhitaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ima’’nti vuttaṃ. Yadaggena vā satthu desanāñāṇaṃ sāvakehi nayato gayhati, tadaggena attano visaye paṭivedhañāṇampi nayato gayhateva. Tenāha āyasmā dhammasenāpati – ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146; 3.143). Passāti vimhayappatto aniyamato ālapati attanoyeva vā cittaṃ, yathāha bhagavā udānento – ‘‘lokamimaṃ passa; puthū avijjāya paretaṃ bhūtaṃ bhūtarataṃ bhavā aparimutta’’nti (udā. 30). Tathāgatānanti tathā āgamanādiatthena tathāgatānaṃ. Tathā āgatoti hi tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathavāditāya tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti evaṃ aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato. Tathāya āgatoti tathāgato, tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ gatoti tathāgato, tathāni āgatoti tathāgato, tathāvidhoti tathāgato, tathā pavattitoti tathāgato, tathehi āgatoti tathāgato , tathā gatabhāvena tathāgatoti evampi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgatoti ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana paramatthadīpaniyā udānaṭṭhakathāya (udā. aṭṭha. 18) itivuttakaṭṭhakathāya (itivu. aṭṭha. 38) ca vuttanayeneva veditabbo.

Idāni tassā paññāya asādhāraṇavisesaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘aggi yathā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā aggīti upamāvacanaṃ. Yathāti tassa upamābhāvadassanaṃ. Pajjalitoti upameyyena sambandhadassanaṃ. Nisītheti kiccakaraṇakāladassanaṃ. Ayañhettha attho – yathā nāma nisīthe rattiyaṃ caturaṅgasamannāgate andhakāre vattamāne unnate ṭhāne pajjalito aggi tasmiṃ padese tayagataṃ vidhamantaṃ tiṭṭhati, evameva tathāgatānaṃ imaṃ desanāñāṇasaṅkhātaṃ sabbaso veneyyānaṃ saṃsayatamaṃ vidhamantaṃ paññaṃ passāti. Yato desanāvilāsena sattānaṃ ñāṇamayaṃ ālokaṃ dentīti ālokadā. Paññāmayameva cakkhuṃ dadantīti cakkhudadā. Tadubhayampi kaṅkhāvinayapadaṭṭhānameva katvā dassento ‘‘ye āgatānaṃ vinayanti kaṅkha’’nti āha, ye tathāgatā attano santikaṃ āgatānaṃ upagatānaṃ veneyyānaṃ ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhāna’’ntiādinayappavattaṃ (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20) soḷasavatthukaṃ, ‘‘buddhe kaṅkhati dhamme kaṅkhatī’’tiādinayappavattaṃ (dha. sa. 1008) aṭṭhavatthukañca kaṅkhaṃ vicikicchaṃ vinayanti desanānubhāvena anavasesato vidhamanti viddhaṃsenti. Vinayakukkuccasaṅkhātā pana kaṅkhā tabbinayeneva vinītā hontīti.

Aparo nayo – yathā aggi nisīthe rattibhāge pajjalito paṭutarajālo samujjalaṃ uccāsane ṭhitānaṃ obhāsadānamattena andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā samavisamaṃ vibhāvento ālokadado hoti. Accāsanne pana ṭhitānaṃ taṃ supākaṭaṃ karonto cakkhukiccakaraṇato cakkhudado nāma hoti, evameva tathāgato attano dhammakāyassa dūre ṭhitānaṃ akatādhikārānaṃ paññāpajjotena mohandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā kāyavisamādisamavisamaṃ vibhāvento ālokadā bhavanti, āsanne ṭhitānaṃ pana katādhikārānaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ uppādento cakkhudadā bhavanti. Ye evaṃbhūtā attano vacīgocaraṃ āgatānaṃ mādisānampi kaṅkhābahulānaṃ kaṅkhaṃ vinayanti ariyamaggasamuppādanena vidhamanti, tesaṃ tathāgatānaṃ paññaṃ ñāṇātisayaṃ passāti yojanā. Evamayaṃ therassa attano kaṅkhāvitaraṇappakāsanena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi hoti. Ayañhi thero puthujjanakāle kappiyepi kukkuccako hutvā kaṅkhābahulatāya ‘‘kaṅkhārevato’’ti paññāto, pacchā khīṇāsavakālepi tatheva voharayittha. Tenāha – ‘‘itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā kaṅkhārevato gāthaṃ abhāsitthā’’ti. Taṃ vuttatthameva.

Kaṅkhārevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sabbhirevasamāsethāti āyasmato puṇṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa dasabalassa uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto satthari loke uppajjante ekadivasaṃ buddhānaṃ dhammadesanākāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīditvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā desanāvasāne vuṭṭhitāya parisāya satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā nimantetvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva mahāsakkāraṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ evamāha – ‘‘bhante, ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena nāññaṃ sampattiṃ patthemi. Yathā pana so bhikkhu ito sattamadivasamatthake dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, evaṃ ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane dhammakathikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā anāgataṃ oloketvā tassa patthanāya samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassamatthake gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tvaṃ pabbajitvā dhammakathikānaṃ aggo bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi.

So tattha yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto kappasatasahassaṃ puññañāṇasambhāraṃ sambharanto devamanussesu saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kapilavatthunagarassa avidūre doṇavatthunāmake brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇamahāsālakule aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa bhāgineyyo hutvā nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ‘‘puṇṇo’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So satthari abhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakke anupubbena rājagahaṃ gantvā taṃ upanissāya viharante aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado sabbaṃ pubbakiccaṃ katvā padhānamanuyuñjanto pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvāva ‘‘dasabalassa santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti mātulattherena saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ agantvā kapilavatthusāmantāyeva ohīyitvā yonisomanasikāre kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.434-440) –

‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;

Purakkhatomhi sissehi, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mama kammaṃ pakittesi, saṃkhittena mahāmuni.

‘‘Tāhaṃ dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, abhivādetvāna satthuno;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, pakkamiṃ dakkhiṇāmukho.

‘‘Saṃkhittena suṇitvāna, vitthārena abhāsayiṃ;

Sabbe sissā attamanā, sutvāna mama bhāsato.

‘‘Sakaṃ diṭṭhiṃ vinodetvā, buddhe cittaṃ pasādayuṃ;

Saṃkhittenapi desemi, vitthārena tathevahaṃ.

‘‘Abhidhammanayaññūhaṃ, kathāvatthuvisuddhiyā;

Sabbesaṃ viññāpetvāna, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Ito pañcasate kappe, caturo suppakāsakā;

Sattaratanasampannā, catudīpamhi issarā.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Tassa pana puṇṇattherassa santike pabbajitā kulaputtā pañcasatā ahesuṃ. Thero sayaṃ dasakathāvatthulābhitāya tepi dasahi kathāvatthūhi ovadi. Te tassa ovāde ṭhatvā sabbeva arahattaṃ pattā. Te attano pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakappattaṃ ñatvā upajjhāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ kiccaṃ matthakappattaṃ, dasannañcamha kathāvatthūnaṃ lābhino, samayo, dāni no dasabalaṃ passitu’’nti. Thero tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā cintesi – ‘‘mama dasakathāvatthulābhitaṃ satthā jānāti ahaṃ dhammaṃ desento dasa kathāvatthūni amuñcitvāva desemi, mayi gacchante sabbepime bhikkhū maṃ parivāretvā gacchissanti, evaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya gantvā pana ayuttaṃ mayhaṃ dasabalaṃ passituṃ, ime tāva gantvā passantū’’ti te bhikkhū āha – ‘‘āvuso, tumhe purato gantvā tathāgataṃ passatha, mama vacanena cassa pāde vandatha, ahampi tumhākaṃ gatamaggenāgamissāmī’’ti. Te therā sabbepi dasabalassa jātibhūmiraṭṭhavāsino sabbe khīṇāsavā sabbe dasakathāvatthulābhino attano upajjhāyassa ovādaṃ sampaṭicchitvā theraṃ vanditvā anupubbena cārikaṃ carantā saṭṭhiyojanamaggaṃ atikkamma rājagahe veḷuvanamahāvihāraṃ gantvā dasabalassa pāde vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.

Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ āgantukehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammoditunti bhagavā tehi saddhiṃ – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhave, khamanīya’’ntiādinā nayena madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā ‘‘kuto ca tumhe, bhikkhave, āgacchathā’’ti pucchi . Atha tehi ‘‘jātibhūmito’’ti vutte ‘‘ko nu kho, bhikkhave, jātibhūmiyaṃ jātibhūmakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ evaṃ sambhāvito ‘attanā ca appiccho appicchakathañca bhikkhūnaṃ kattā’’’ti (ma. ni. 1.252) dasakathāvatthulābhiṃ bhikkhuṃ pucchi. Tepi ‘‘puṇṇo nāma, bhante, āyasmā mantāṇiputto’’ti ārocayiṃsu. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā āyasmā sāriputto therassa dassanakāmo ahosi. Atha satthā rājagahato sāvatthiṃ agamāsi . Puṇṇattheropi dasabalassa tattha āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā – ‘‘satthāraṃ passissāmī’’ti gantvā antogandhakuṭiyaṃyeva tathāgataṃ sampāpuṇi. Satthā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Thero dhammaṃ sutvā dasabalaṃ vanditvā paṭisallānatthāya andhavanaṃ gantvā aññataramhi rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

Sāriputtattheropi tassāgamanaṃ sutvā sīsānulokiko gantvā okāsaṃ sallakkhetvā taṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ upasaṅkamitvā therena saddhiṃ sammoditvā, taṃ sattavisuddhikkamaṃ pucchi. Theropissa pucchitapucchitaṃ byākaronto rathavinītūpamāya cittaṃ ārādhesi, te aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ samanumodiṃsu. Atha satthā aparabhāge bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno theraṃ ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ yadidaṃ puṇṇo’’ti (a. ni. 1.188, 196) dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So ekadivasaṃ attano vimuttisampattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nissāya ahañceva aññe ca bahū sattā saṃsāradukkhato vippamuttā, bahūpakārā vata sappurisasaṃsevā’’ti pītisomanassajāto udānavasena pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sabbhireva samāsethā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

4. Tattha sabbhirevāti sappurisehi eva. Santoti panettha buddhādayo ariyā adhippetā. Te hi anavasesato asataṃ dhammaṃ pahāya saddhamme ukkaṃsagatattā sātisayaṃ pasaṃsiyattā ca visesato ‘‘santo sappurisā’’ti ca vuccanti. Samāsethāti samaṃ āsetha saha vaseyya. Te payirupāsanto tesaṃ sussūsanto diṭṭhānugatiñca āpajjanto samānavāso bhaveyyāti attho. Paṇḍitehatthadassibhīti tesaṃ thomanā. Paṇḍā vuccati paññā, sā imesaṃ sañjātāti paṇḍitā. Tato eva attatthādibhedaṃ atthaṃ aviparītato passantīti atthadassino. Tehi paṇḍitehi atthadassībhi samāsetha. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā te santo paṇḍitā, te vā sammā sevantā ekantahitabhāvato maggañāṇādīheva araṇīyato atthaṃ, mahāguṇatāya santatāya ca mahantaṃ, agādhabhāvato gambhīrañāṇagocarato ca gambhīraṃ, hīnacchandādīhi daṭṭhuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā itarehi ca kicchena daṭṭhabbattā duddasaṃ, duddasattā saṇhanipuṇasabhāvattā nipuṇañāṇagocarato ca nipuṇaṃ, nipuṇattā evaṃ sukhumasabhāvatāya aṇuṃ nibbānaṃ, aviparītaṭṭhena vā paramatthasabhāvattā atthaṃ, ariyabhāvakarattā mahattanimittatāya mahantaṃ, anuttānasabhāvatāya gambhīraṃ, dukkhena daṭṭhabbaṃ na sukhena daṭṭhuṃ sakkāti duddasaṃ, gambhīrattā duddasaṃ, duddasattā gambhīranti catusaccaṃ, visesato nipuṇaṃ aṇuṃ, nirodhasaccanti evametaṃ catusaccaṃ dhīrā samadhigacchanti dhitisampannatāya dhīrā catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā sammadeva adhigacchanti. Appamattāti sabbattha satiavippavāsena appamādapaṭipattiṃ pūrentā. Vicakkhaṇāti vipassanābhāvanāya chekā kusalā. Tasmā sabbhireva samāsethāti yojanā. Paṇḍitehatthadassibhīti vā etaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ. Yasmā paṇḍitehi atthadassībhi samudāyabhūtehi dhīrā appamattā vicakkhaṇā mahantādivisesavantaṃ atthaṃ samadhigacchanti, tasmā tādisehi sabbhireva samāsethāti sambandho. Evamesā therassa paṭivedhadīpanena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi ahosīti.

Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Dabbattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yo duddamiyoti āyasmato dabbattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā satthārā byākato yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaritvā kassapadasabalassa sāsanosakkanakāle pabbaji. Tadā tena saddhiṃ apare cha janāti satta bhikkhū ekacittā hutvā aññe sāsane agāravaṃ karonte disvā – ‘‘idha kiṃ karoma ekamante samaṇadhammaṃ katvā dukkhassantaṃ karissāmā’’ti nisseṇiṃ bandhitvā uccaṃ pabbatasikharaṃ āruhitvā, ‘‘attano cittabalaṃ jānantā nisseṇiṃ nipātentu, jīvite sālayā otarantu, mā pacchānutappino ahuvatthā’’ti vatvā sabbe ekacittā hutvā nisseṇiṃ pātetvā – ‘‘appamattā hotha, āvuso’’ti aññamaññaṃ ovaditvā cittarucikesu ṭhānesu nisīditvā samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ ārabhiṃsu.

Tatreko thero pañcame divase arahattaṃ patvā, ‘‘mama kiccaṃ nipphannaṃ, ahaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne kiṃ karissāmi’’ti iddhiyā uttarakuruto piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā, ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjatha, bhikkhācārakiccaṃ mamāyattaṃ hotu, tumhe attano kammaṃ karothā’’ti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho mayaṃ, āvuso, nisseṇiṃ pātentā evaṃ avocumha – ‘yo paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ sacchikaroti, so bhikkhaṃ āharatu, tenābhataṃ sesā paribhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karissantī’’’ti. ‘‘Natthi, āvuso’’ti. Tumhe attano pubbahetunā labhittha, mayampi sakkontā vaṭṭassantaṃ karissāma, gacchatha tumheti. Thero te saññāpetuṃ asakkonto phāsukaṭṭhāne piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā gato . Aparo thero sattame divase anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā tato cuto suddhāvāsabrahmaloke nibbatto. Itare therā tato cutā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā tesu tesu kulesu nibbattā. Eko gandhāraraṭṭhe takkasilānagare rājagehe nibbatto, eko majjhantikaraṭṭhe paribbājikāya kucchimhi nibbatto, eko bāhiyaraṭṭhe kuṭumbiyagehe nibbatto, eko bhikkhunupassaye jāto.

Ayaṃ pana dabbatthero mallaraṭṭhe anupiyanagare ekassa mallarañño gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā upavijaññā kālamakāsi, matasarīraṃ susānaṃ netvā dārucitakaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ adaṃsu. Tassā aggivegasantattaṃ udarapaṭalaṃ dvedhā ahosi. Dārako attano puññabalena uppatitvā ekasmiṃ dabbatthambhe nipati. Taṃ dārakaṃ gahetvā ayyikāya adaṃsu. Sā tassa nāmaṃ gaṇhantī dabbatthambhe patitvā laddhajīvitattā ‘‘dabbo’’tissa nāmaṃ akāsi. Tassa ca sattavassikakāle satthā bhikkhusaṅghaparivāro mallaraṭṭhe cārikaṃ caramāno anupiyambavane viharati. Dabbakumāro satthāraṃ disvā dassaneneva pasīditvā pabbajitukāmo hutvā ‘‘ahaṃ dasabalassa santike pabbajissāmī’’ti ayyikaṃ āpucchi. Sā ‘‘sādhu, tātā’’ti dabbakumāraṃ ādāya satthu santikaṃ gantvā, ‘‘bhante, imaṃ kumāraṃ pabbājethā’’ti āha. Satthā aññatarassa bhikkhuno saññaṃ adāsi – ‘‘bhikkhu imaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So thero satthu vacanaṃ sutvā dabbakumāraṃ pabbājento tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. Pubbahetusampanno katābhinīhāro satto paṭhamakesavaṭṭiyā voropanakkhaṇe sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, dutiyāya kesavaṭṭiyā oropiyamānāya sakadāgāmiphale, tatiyāya anāgāmiphale, sabbakesānaṃ pana oropanañca arahattaphalasacchikiriyā ca apacchā apure ahosi. Satthā mallaraṭṭhe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā rājagahaṃ gantvā veḷuvane vāsaṃ kappesi.

Tatrāyasmā dabbo mallaputto rahogato attano kiccanipphattiṃ oloketvā saṅghassa veyyāvaccakaraṇe kāyaṃ yojetukāmo cintesi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ saṅghassa senāsanañca paññāpeyyaṃ bhattāni ca uddiseyya’’nti. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā attano parivitakkaṃ ārocesi. Satthā tassa sādhukāraṃ datvā senāsanapaññāpakattañca bhattuddesakattañca sampaṭicchi. Atha naṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dabbo daharova samāno mahante ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti sattavassikakāleyeva upasampādesi. Thero upasampannakālato paṭṭhāya rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharantānaṃ sabbabhikkhūnaṃ senāsanāni ca paññāpeti, bhikkhañca uddisati. Tassa senāsanapaññāpakabhāvo sabbadisāsu pākaṭo ahosi – ‘‘dabbo kira mallaputto sabhāgasabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ekaṭṭhāne senāsanāni paññāpeti, āsannepi dūrepi senāsanaṃ paññāpeti, gantuṃ asakkonte iddhiyā netī’’ti.

Atha naṃ bhikkhū kālepi vikālepi – ‘‘amhākaṃ, āvuso, jīvakambavane senāsanaṃ paññāpehi, amhākaṃ maddakucchismiṃ migadāye’’ti evaṃ senāsanaṃ uddisāpetvā tassa iddhiṃ passantā gacchanti. Sopi iddhiyā manomaye kāye abhisaṅkharitvā ekekassa therassa ekekaṃ attanā sadisaṃ bhikkhuṃ datvā aṅguliyā jalamānāya purato gantvā ‘‘ayaṃ mañco idaṃ pīṭha’’ntiādīni vatvā senāsanaṃ paññāpetvā puna attano vasanaṭṭhānameva āgacchati . Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panidaṃ vatthu pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva. Satthā idameva kāraṇaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno theraṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ yadidaṃ dabbo mallaputto’’ti (a. ni. 1.209; 214). Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54, 108-149) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbalokavidū muni;

Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji cakkhumā.

‘‘Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;

Desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;

Sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.

‘‘Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;

Vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.

‘‘Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggato so mahāmuni;

Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.

‘‘Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;

Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, seṭṭhiputto mahāyaso;

Upetvā lokapajjotaṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.

‘‘Senāsanāni bhikkhūnaṃ, paññāpentaṃ sasāvakaṃ;

Kittayantassa vacanaṃ, suṇitvā mudito ahaṃ.

‘‘Adhikāraṃ sasaṅghassa, katvā tassa mahesino;

Nipacca sirasā pāde, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.

‘‘Tadāha sa mahāvīro, mama kammaṃ pakittayaṃ;

Yo sasaṅghamabhojesi, sattāhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Soyaṃ kamalapattakkho, sīhaṃso kanakattaco;

Mama pādamūle nipati, patthayaṃ ṭhānamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Sāvako tassa buddhassa, dabbo nāmena vissuto;

Senāsanapaññāpako, aggo hessatiyaṃ tadā.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Sabbattha sukhito āsiṃ, tassa kammassa vāhasā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, vipassī nāma nāyako;

Uppajji cārudassano, sabbadhammavipassako.

‘‘Duṭṭhacitto upavadiṃ, sāvakaṃ tassa tādino;

Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇaṃ, suddhoti ca vijāniya.

‘‘Tasseva naravīrassa, sāvakānaṃ mahesinaṃ;

Salākañca gahetvāna, khīrodanamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;

Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.

‘‘Sāsanaṃ jotayitvāna, abhibhuyya kutitthiye;

Vineyye vinayitvāva, nibbuto so sasāvako.

‘‘Sasisse nibbute nāthe, atthamentamhi sāsane;

Devā kandiṃsu saṃviggā, muttakesā rudammukhā.

‘‘Nibbāyissati dhammakkho, na passisāma subbate;

Na suṇissāma saddhammaṃ, aho no appapuññatā.

‘‘Tadāyaṃ pathavī sabbā, acalā sā calācalā;

Sāgaro ca sasokova, vinadī karuṇaṃ giraṃ.

‘‘Catuddisā dundubhiyo, nādayiṃsu amānusā;

Samantato asaniyo, phaliṃsu ca bhayāvahā.

‘‘Ukkā patiṃsu nabhasā, dhūmaketu ca dissati;

Sadhūmā jālavaṭṭā ca, raviṃsu karuṇaṃ migā.

‘‘Uppāde dāruṇe disvā, sāsanatthaṅgasūcake;

Saṃviggā bhikkhavo satta, cintayimha mayaṃ tadā.

‘‘Sāsanena vināmhākaṃ, jīvitena alaṃ mayaṃ;

Pavisitvā mahāraññaṃ, yuñjāma jinasāsane.

‘‘Addasamha tadāraññe, ubbiddhaṃ selamuttamaṃ;

Nisseṇiyā tamāruyha, nisseṇiṃ pātayimhase.

‘‘Tadā ovadi no thero, buddhuppādo sudullabho;

Saddhātidullabhā laddhā, thokaṃ sesañca sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Nipatanti khaṇātītā, anante dukkhasāgare;

Tasmā payogo kattabbo, yāva ṭhāti mune mataṃ.

‘‘Arahā āsi so thero, anāgāmī tadānugo;

Susīlā itare yuttā, devalokaṃ agamhase.

‘‘Nibbuto tiṇṇasaṃsāro, suddhāvāse ca ekako;

Ahañca pakkusāti ca, sabhiyo bāhiyo tathā.

‘‘Kumārakassapo, ceva, tattha tatthūpagā mayaṃ;

Saṃsārabandhanā muttā, gotamenānukampitā.

‘‘Mallesu kusinārāyaṃ, gabbhe jātassa me sato;

Mātā matā citāruḷhā, tato nippatito ahaṃ.

‘‘Patito dabbapuñjamhi, tato dabboti vissuto;

Brahmacārībalenāhaṃ, vimutto sattavassiko.

‘‘Khīrodanabalenāhaṃ , pañcahaṅgehupāgato;

Khīṇāsavopavādena, pāpehi bahu codito.

‘‘Ubho puññañca pāpañca, vītivattomhi dānihaṃ;

Patvāna paramaṃ santiṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Senāsanaṃ paññāpayiṃ, hāsayitvāna subbate;

Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe…kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃbhūtaṃ pana taṃ yena pubbe ekassa khīṇāsavattherassa anuddhaṃsanavasena katena pāpakammena bahūni vassasatasahassāni niraye pacci, tāya eva kammapilotikāya codiyamānā mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū ‘‘iminā mayaṃ kalyāṇabhattikassa gahapatino antare paribheditā’’ti duggahitagāhino amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṃsesuṃ. Tasmiñca adhikaraṇe saṅghena sativinayena vūpasamite ayaṃ thero lokānukampāya attano guṇe vibhāvento ‘‘yo duddamiyo’’ti imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.

5. Tattha yoti aniyamitaniddeso, tassa ‘‘so’’ti iminā niyamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ubhayenapi aññaṃ viya katvā attānameva vadati. Duddamiyoti duddamo, dametuṃ asakkuṇeyyo. Idañca attano puthujjanakāle diṭṭhigatānaṃ visūkāyikānaṃ kilesānaṃ madālepacittassa vipphanditaṃ indriyānaṃ avūpasamanañca cintetvā vadati. Damenāti uttamena aggamaggadamena, tena hi danto puna dametabbatābhāvato ‘‘danto’’ti vattabbataṃ arahati, na aññena. Atha vā damenāti damakena purisadammasārathinā damito . Dabboti drabyo, bhabboti attho. Tenāha bhagavā imameva theraṃ sandhāya – ‘‘na kho, dabba, dabbā evaṃ nibbeṭhentī’’ti (pārā. 384; cūḷava. 193) . Santusitoti yathāladdhapaccayasantosena jhānasamāpattisantosena maggaphalasantosena ca santuṭṭho. Vitiṇṇakaṅkhoti soḷasavatthukāya aṭṭhavatthukāya ca kaṅkhāya paṭhamamaggeneva samugghāṭitattā vigatakaṅkho. Vijitāvīti purisājānīyena vijetabbassa sabbassapi saṃkilesapakkhassa vijitattā vidhamitattā vijitāvī. Apetabheravoti pañcavīsatiyā bhayānaṃ sabbaso apetattā apagatabheravo abhayūparato . Puna dabboti nāmakittanaṃ. Parinibbutoti dve parinibbānāni kilesaparinibbānañca, yā saupādisesanibbānadhātu, khandhaparinibbānañca, yā anupādisesanibbānadhātu. Tesu idha kilesaparinibbānaṃ adhippetaṃ, tasmā pahātabbadhammānaṃ maggena sabbaso pahīnattā kilesaparinibbānena parinibbutoti attho. Ṭhitattoti ṭhitasabhāvo acalo iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvappattiyā lokadhammehi akampanīyo. ti ca hetuatthe nipāto, tena yo pubbe duddamo hutvā ṭhito yasmā dabbattā satthārā uttamena damena damito santusito vitiṇṇakaṅkho vijitāvī apetabheravo, tasmā so dabbo parinibbuto tatoyeva ca ṭhitatto, evaṃbhūte ca tasmiṃ cittapasādova kātabbo, na pasādaññathattanti paraneyyabuddhike satte anukampanto thero aññaṃ byākāsi.

Dabbattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Sītavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yo sītavananti āyasmato sambhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ito kira aṭṭhārasādhikassa kappasatassa matthake atthadassī nāma sambuddho loke uppajjitvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ saṃsāramahoghato tārento ekadivasaṃ mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ gaṅgātīraṃ upagacchi. Tasmiṃ kāle ayaṃ gahapatikule nibbatto tattha bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, pāraṃ gantukāmatthā’’ti pucchi. Bhagavā ‘‘gamissāmā’’ti avoca. So tāvadeva nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ yojetvā upanesi. Satthā taṃ anukampanto saha bhikkhusaṅghena nāvaṃ abhiruhi. So sayampi abhiruyha sukheneva paratīraṃ sampāpetvā bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca dutiyadivase mahādānaṃ pavattetvā anugantvā pasannacitto vanditvā nivatti. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaritvā ito terasādhikakappasatassa matthake khattiyakule nibbattitvā rājā ahosi cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā. So satte sugatimagge patiṭṭhāpetvā tato cuto ekanavutikappe vipassissa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā dhutadhamme samādāya susāne vasanto samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Puna kassapassa bhagavato kālepi tassa sāsane tīhi sahāyehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa ‘‘sambhūto’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato. Bhūmijo jeyyaseno abhirādhanoti tīhi sahāyehi saddhiṃ bhagavato santikaṃ gato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Ye sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘Bhūmijo jeyyaseno ca, sambhūto abhirādhano;

Ete dhammaṃ abhiññāsuṃ, sāsane varatādino’’ti.

Atha sambhūto bhagavato santike kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā nibaddhaṃ sītavane vasati. Tenevāyasmā ‘‘sītavaniyo’’ti paññāyittha. Tena ca samayena vessavaṇo mahārājā kenacideva karaṇīyena jambudīpe dakkhiṇadisābhāgaṃ uddissa ākāsena gacchanto theraṃ abbhokāse nisīditvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontaṃ disvā vimānato oruyha theraṃ vanditvā, ‘‘yadā thero samādhito vuṭṭhahissati, tadā mama āgamanaṃ ārocetha, ārakkhañcassa karothā’’ti dve yakkhe āṇāpetvā pakkāmi. Te therassa samīpe ṭhatvā manasikāraṃ paṭisaṃharitvā nisinnakāle ārocesuṃ. Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘tumhe mama vacanena vessavaṇamahārājassa kathetha, bhagavatā attano sāsane ṭhitānaṃ satiārakkhā nāma ṭhapitā atthi, sāyeva mādise rakkhati, tvaṃ tattha appossukko hohi, bhagavato ovāde ṭhitānaṃ edisāya ārakkhāya karaṇīyaṃ natthī’’ti te vissajjetvā tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā vijjāttayaṃ sacchākāsi. Tato vessavaṇo nivattamāno therassa samīpaṃ patvā mukhākārasallakkhaṇenevassa katakiccabhāvaṃ ñatvā sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhagavato ārocetvā satthu sammukhā theraṃ abhitthavanto –

‘‘Satiārakkhasampanno, dhitimā vīriyasamāhito;

Anujāto satthu sambhūto, tevijjo maccupāragū’’ti. –

Imāya gāthāya therassa guṇe vaṇṇesi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.15-20) –

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, dvipadindo narāsabho;

Purakkhato sāvakehi, gaṅgātīramupāgami.

‘‘Samatitti kākapeyyā, gaṅgā āsi duruttarā;

Uttārayiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, buddhañca dvipaduttamaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Teraseto kappasate, pañca sabbobhavā ahuṃ;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Pacchime ca bhave asmiṃ, jātohaṃ brāhmaṇe kule;

Saddhiṃ tīhi sahāyehi, pabbajiṃ satthu sāsane.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Athāyasmā sambhūto bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gacchante bhikkhū disvā ‘‘āvuso, mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha, evañca vadethā’’ti vatvā dhammādhikaraṇaṃ attano satthu aviheṭhitabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘yo sītavana’’nti gāthamāha. Te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā sambhūtattherassa sāsanaṃ sampavedentā, ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, sambhūto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadatī’’ti vatvā taṃ gāthaṃ ārocesuṃ, taṃ sutvā bhagavā ‘‘paṇḍito, bhikkhave, sambhūto bhikkhu paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭheti. Vessavaṇena tassattho mayhaṃ ārocitā’’ti āha.

6. Yaṃ pana te bhikkhū sambhūtattherena vuttaṃ ‘‘yo sītavana’’nti gāthaṃ satthu nivedesuṃ. Tattha sītavananti evaṃnāmakaṃ rājagahasamīpe mahantaṃ bheravasusānavanaṃ. Upagāti nivāsanavasena upagacchi. Etena bhagavatā anuññātaṃ pabbajitānurūpaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ dasseti. Bhikkhūti saṃsārabhayassa ikkhanato bhinnakilesatāya ca bhikkhu. Ekoti adutiyo, etena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Santusitoti santuṭṭho. Etena catupaccayasantosalakkhaṇaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ dasseti. Samāhitattoti upacārappanābhedena samādhinā samāhitacitto, etena cittavivekabhāvanāmukhena bhāvanārāmaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ dasseti. Vijitāvīti sāsane sammāpaṭipajjantena vijetabbaṃ kilesagaṇaṃ vijitvā ṭhito, etena upadhivivekaṃ dasseti. Bhayahetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ apagatattā apetalomahaṃso, etena sammāpaṭipattiyā phalaṃ dasseti. Rakkhanti rakkhanto. Kāyagatāsatinti kāyārammaṇaṃ satiṃ, kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ paribrūhanavasena avissajjento. Dhitimāti dhīro, samāhitattaṃ vijitāvibhāvataṃ vā upādāya paṭipattidassanametaṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – so bhikkhu vivekasukhānupekkhāya eko sītavanaṃ upāgami, upāgato ca lolabhāvābhāvato santuṭṭho dhitimā kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento tathādhigataṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā āraddhavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā adhigatena aggamaggena samāhito vijitāvī ca hutvā katakiccatāya bhayahetūnaṃ sabbaso apagatattā apetalomahaṃso jātoti.

Sītavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Bhalliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yopānudīti āyasmato bhalliyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira ito ekatiṃse kappe anuppanne buddhe sumanassa nāma paccekabuddhassa pasannacitto phalāphalaṃ datvā sugatīsu eva saṃsaranto sikhissa sammāsambuddhassa kāle aruṇavatīnagare brāhmaṇakule nibbatto ‘‘sikhissa bhagavato paṭhamābhisambuddhassa ujita, ojitā nāma dve satthavāhaputtā paṭhamāhāraṃ adaṃsū’’ti sutvā attano sahāyakena saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā svātanāya nimantetvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā patthanaṃ akaṃsu – ‘‘ubhopi mayaṃ, bhante, anāgate tumhādisassa buddhassa paṭhamāhāradāyakā bhaveyyāmā’’ti. Te tattha tattha bhave puññakammaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsarantā kassapassa bhagavato kāle gopālakaseṭṭhissa puttā bhātaro hutvā nibbattā. Bahūni vassāni bhikkhusaṅghaṃ khīrabhojanena upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Amhākaṃ pana bhagavato kāle pokkharavatīnagare satthavāhassa puttā bhātaro hutvā nibbattā. Tesu jeṭṭho taphusso nāma, kaniṭṭho bhalliyo nāma, te pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni bhaṇḍassa pūretvā vāṇijjāya gacchantā bhagavati paṭhamābhisambuddhe sattasattāhaṃ vimuttisukhadhammapaccavekkhaṇāhi vītināmetvā aṭṭhame sattāhe rājāyatanamūle viharante rājāyatanassa avidūre mahāmaggena atikkamanti, tesaṃ tasmiṃ samaye samepi bhūmibhāge akaddamodake sakaṭāni nappavattiṃsu, ‘‘kiṃ nu, kho, kāraṇa’’nti ca cintentānaṃ porāṇasālohitā devatā rukkhaviṭapantare attānaṃ dassentī āha – ‘‘mādisā, ayaṃ bhagavā acirābhisambuddho sattasattāhaṃ anāhāro vimuttisukhāpaṭisaṃvedī idāni rājāyatanamūle nisinno, taṃ āhārena paṭimānetha, yadassa tumhākaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Taṃ sutvā te uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentā, ‘‘āhārasampādanaṃ papañca’’nti maññamānā manthañca madhupiṇḍikañca bhagavato datvā dvevācikasaraṇaṃ gantvā kesadhātuyo labhitvā agamaṃsu. Te hi paṭhamaṃ upāsakā ahesuṃ. Atha bhagavati bārāṇasiṃ gantvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā anupubbena rājagahe viharante taphussabhalliyā rājagahaṃ upagatā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ desesi. Tesu taphusso sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya upāsakova ahosi. Bhalliyo pana pabbajitvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.48.66-70) –

‘‘Sumano nāma sambuddho, takkarāyaṃ vasī tadā;

Vallikāraphalaṃ gayha, sayambhussa adāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Athekadivasaṃ māro bhalliyattherassa bhiṃsāpanatthaṃ bhayānakaṃ rūpaṃ dassesi. So attano sabbabhayātikkamaṃ pakāsento ‘‘yopānudī’’ti gāthamabhāsi.

7. Tattha yopānudīti yo apānudi khipi pajahi viddhaṃsesi. Maccurājassāti maccu nāma maraṇaṃ khandhānaṃ bhedo, so eva ca sattānaṃ attano vase anuvattāpanato issaraṭṭhena rājāti maccurājā, tassa. Senanti jarārogādiṃ, sā hissa vasavattane aṅgabhāvato senā nāma, tena hesa mahatā nānāvidhena vipulena ‘‘mahāseno’’ti vuccati. Yathāha – ‘‘na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.272; jā. 2.22.121; netti. 103). Atha vā guṇamāraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘maccū’’ti idha devaputtamāro adhippeto, tassa ca sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kāmādayo senā. Tathā cāha –

‘‘Kāmā te paṭhamā senā, dutiyā arati vuccati;

Tatiyā khuppipāsā te, catutthī taṇhā pavuccati.

‘‘Pañcamī thinamiddhaṃ te, chaṭṭhā bhīrū pavuccati;

Sattamī vicikicchā te, māno makkho ca aṭṭhamī’’ti. (su. ni. 438-439; mahāni. 28;cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47);

Naḷasetuṃvasudubbalaṃ mahoghoti sāravirahitato naḷasetusadisaṃ ativiya abalabhāvato suṭṭhu dubbalaṃ saṃkilesasenaṃ navalokuttaradhammānaṃ mahābalavabhāvato mahoghasadisena aggamaggena yo apānudi vijitāvī apetabheravo danto, so parinibbuto ṭhitattoti yojanā. Taṃ sutvā māro ‘‘jānāti maṃ samaṇo’’ti tatthevantaradhāyīti.

Bhalliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Vīrattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yoduddamiyoti āyasmato vīrattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato vasanaāvāsaṃ paṭijaggi. Ekadivasañca sindhuvārapupphasadisāni nigguṇṭhipupphāni gahetvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito pañcatiṃse kappe khattiyakule nibbattitvā mahāpatāpo nāma rājā ahosi cakkavattī. So dhammena samena rajjaṃ kārento satte saggamagge patiṭṭhāpesi. Puna imasmiṃ kappe kassapassa bhagavato kāle mahāvibhavo seṭṭhi hutvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ dānaṃ dento saṅghassa khīrabhattaṃ adāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha dānamayaṃ puññasambhāraṃ karonto itarañca nibbānatthaṃ sambharanto devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthinagare rañño pasenadissa amaccakule nibbatti, ‘‘vīro’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto nāmānugatehi pattabalajavādiguṇehi samannāgato saṅgāmasūro hutvā mātāpitūhi nibandhavasena kārite dārapariggahe ekaṃyeva puttaṃ labhitvā pubbahetunā codiyamāno kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ disvā saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.21-24) –

‘‘Vipassissa bhagavato, āsimārāmiko ahaṃ;

Nigguṇṭhipupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pañcavīse ito kappe, eko āsiṃ janādhipo;

Mahāpatāpanāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā phalasamāpattisukhena vītināmentaṃ theraṃ purāṇadutiyikā uppabbājetukāmā antarantarā nānānayehi palobhetuṃ parakkamantī ekadivasaṃ divāvihāraṭṭhānaṃ gantvā itthikuttādīni dassetuṃ ārabhi. Athāyasmā vīro ‘‘maṃ palobhetukāmā sineruṃ makasapakkhavātena cāletukāmā viya yāva bālā vatāyaṃ itthī’’ti tassā kiriyāya niratthakabhāvaṃ dīpento ‘‘yo duddamiyo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

8. Tattha yo duddamiyotiādīnaṃ padānaṃ attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Idaṃ panettha yojanāmattaṃ yo pubbe adanta kilesatāya paccatthikehi vā saṅgamasīse dametuṃ jetuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāyaduddamiyo, idāni pana uttamena damena danto catubbidhasammappamadhānavīriyasampattiyā vīro, vuttanayeneva santusito vitiṇṇakaṅkho vijitāvī apetalomahaṃso vīro vīranāmako anavasesato kilesaparinibbānena parinibbuto, tato eva ṭhitasabhāvo, na tādisānaṃ satenapi sahassenapi cālanīyoti. Taṃ sutvā sā itthī – ‘‘mayhaṃ sāmike evaṃ paṭipanne ko mayhaṃ gharāvāsena attho’’ti saṃvegajātā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitvā nacirasseva tevijjā ahosīti.

Vīrattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Pilindavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Svāgatanti āyasmato pilindavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare mahābhogakule nibbatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ devatānaṃ piyamanāpabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle manussaloke nibbattitvā bhagavati parinibbute satthu thūpassa pūjaṃ katvā saṅghe ca mahādānaṃ pavattetvā tato cuto devamanussesu eva saṃsaranto anuppanne buddhe cakkavattī rājā hutvā mahājanaṃ pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāpetvā saggaparāyaṇaṃ akāsi. So anuppanneyeva amhākaṃ bhagavati sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇagehe nibbatti. ‘‘Pilindo’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Vacchoti pana gottaṃ . Tena so aparabhāge ‘‘pilindavaccho’’ti paññāyittha. Saṃsāre pana saṃvegabahulatāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā cūḷagandhāraṃ nāma vijjaṃ sādhetvā tāya vijjāya ākāsacārī paracittavidū ca hutvā rājagahe lābhaggayasaggappatto paṭivasati.

Atha yadā amhākaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho hutvā anukkamena rājagahaṃ upagato, tato paṭṭhāya buddhānubhāvena tassa sā vijjā na sampajjati, attano kiccaṃ na sādheti. So cintesi – ‘‘sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘yattha mahāgandhāravijjā dharati, tattha cūḷagandhāravijjā na sampajjatī’ti, samaṇassa pana gotamassa āgatakālato paṭṭhāya nāyaṃ mama vijjā sampajjati, nissaṃsayaṃ samaṇo gotamo mahāgandhāravijjaṃ jānāti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ payirupāsitvā tassa santike taṃ vijjaṃ pariyāpuṇeyya’’nti. So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, tava santike ekaṃ vijjaṃ pariyāpuṇitukāmo, okāsaṃ me karohī’’ti. Bhagavā ‘‘tena hi pabbajā’’ti āha. So ‘‘vijjāya parikammaṃ pabbajjā’’ti maññamāno pabbaji. Tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ kathetvā caritānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So upanissayasampannatāya nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Yā pana purimajātiyaṃ tassovāde ṭhatvā sagge nibbattā devatā, taṃ kataññutaṃ nissāya sañjātabahumānā sāyaṃ pātaṃ theraṃ payirupāsitvā gacchanti. Tasmā thero devatānaṃ piyamanāpatāya aggataṃ patto. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.55-67) –

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, sumedhe aggapuggale;

Pasannacitto sumano, thūpapūjaṃ akāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ye ca khīṇāsavā tattha, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;

Tehaṃ tattha samānetvā, saṅghabhattaṃ akāsahaṃ.

‘‘Sumedhassa bhagavato, upaṭṭhāko tadā ahu;

Sumedho nāma nāmena, anumodittha so tadā.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, vimānaṃ upapajjahaṃ;

Chaḷāsītisahassāni, accharāyo ramiṃsu me.

‘‘Mameva anuvattanti, sabbakāmehi tā sadā;

Aññe deve abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pañcavīsamhi kappamhi, varuṇo nāma khattiyo;

Visuddhabhojano āsiṃ, cakkavattī ahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Na te bījaṃ pavappanti, napi nīyanti naṅgalā;

Akaṭṭhapākimaṃ sāliṃ, paribhuñjanti mānusā.

‘‘Tattha rajjaṃ karitvāna, devattaṃ puna gacchahaṃ;

Tadāpi edisā mayhaṃ, nibbattā bhogasampadā.

‘‘Na maṃ mittā amittā vā, hiṃsanti sabbapāṇino;

Sabbesampi piyo homi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi , yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, gandhālepassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Imasmiṃ bhaddake kappe, eko āsiṃ janādhipo;

Mahānubhāvo rājāhaṃ, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Sohaṃ pañcasu sīlesu, ṭhapetvā janataṃ bahuṃ;

Pāpetvā sugatiṃyeva, devatānaṃ piyo ahuṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Tathā devatāhi ativiya piyāyitabbabhāvato imaṃ theraṃ bhagavā devatānaṃ piyamanāpabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ devatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ yadidaṃ pilindavaccho’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 215) so ekadivasaṃ bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno attano guṇe paccavekkhitvā tesaṃ kāraṇabhūtaṃ vijjānimittaṃ bhagavato santike āgamanaṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘svāgataṃ nāpagata’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

9. Tattha svāgatanti sundaraṃ āgamanaṃ, idaṃ mamāti sambandho. Atha vā svāgatanti suṭṭhu āgataṃ, mayāti vibhatti vipariṇāmetabbā. Nāpagatanti na apagataṃ hitābhivuddhito na apetaṃ. Nayidaṃ dumantitaṃ mamāti idaṃ mama duṭṭhu kathitaṃ, duṭṭhu vā vīmaṃsitaṃ na hoti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ bhagavato santike mamāgamanaṃ, yaṃ vā mayā tattha āgataṃ, taṃ svāgataṃ, svāgatattāyeva na durāgataṃ. Yaṃ ‘‘bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajissāmī’’ti mama mantitaṃ gaditaṃ kathitaṃ, cittena vā vīmaṃsitaṃ idampi na dummantinti. Idāni tattha kāraṇaṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvibhattesū’’tiādimāha. Saṃvibhattesūti pakārato vibhattesu. Dhammesūti ñeyyadhammesu samathadhammesu vā, nānātitthiyehi pakatiādivasena, sammāsambuddhehi dukkhādivasena saṃvibhajitvā vuttadhammesu. Yaṃ seṭṭhaṃ tadupāgaminti yaṃ tattha seṭṭhaṃ, taṃ catusaccadhammaṃ, tassa vā bodhakaṃ sāsanadhammaṃ upāgamiṃ, ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo ayaṃ vinayo’’ti upagacchiṃ. Sammāsambuddhehi eva vā kusalādivasena khandhādivasena yathāsabhāvato saṃvibhattesu sabhāvadhammesu yaṃ tattha seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ pavaraṃ, taṃ maggaphalanibbānadhammaṃ upāgamiṃ, attapaccakkhato upagacchiṃ sacchākāsiṃ, tasmā svāgataṃ mama na apagataṃ sumantitaṃ na dummantitanti yojanā.

Pilindavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Puṇṇamāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vihariapekkhanti āyasmato puṇṇamāsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira vipassissa bhagavato kāle cakkavākayoniyaṃ nibbatto bhagavantaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attano mukhatuṇḍakena sālapupphaṃ gahetvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito sattarase kappe aṭṭhakkhattuṃ cakkavattī rājā ahosi. Imasmiṃ pana kappe kassapassa bhagavato sāsane osakkamāne kuṭumbiyakule nibbattitvā pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthinagare samiddhissa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa jātadivase tasmiṃ gehe sabbā rittakumbhiyo suvaṇṇamāsānaṃ puṇṇā ahesuṃ. Tenassa puṇṇamāsoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ patvā vivāhakammaṃ katvā ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā upanissayasampannatāya gharāvāsaṃ jigucchanto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado pubbakiccasampanno catusaccakammaṭṭhāne yuttappayutto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.7.13-19) –

‘‘Sindhuyā nadiyā tīre, cakkavāko ahaṃ tadā;

Suddhasevālabhakkhohaṃ, pāpesu ca susaññato.

‘‘Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase;

Tuṇḍena sālaṃ paggayha, vipassissābhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā;

Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ so na gacchati.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;

Vihaṅgamena santena, subījaṃ ropitaṃ mayā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sucārudassanā nāma, aṭṭhete ekanāmakā;

Kappe sattarase āsuṃ, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Athassa purāṇadutiyikā taṃ palobhetukāmā alaṅkatapaṭiyattā puttena saddhiṃ upagantvā piyālāpabhāvādikehi bhāvavivaraṇakammaṃ nāma kātuṃ ārabhi. Thero tassā kāraṇaṃ disvā attano katthacipi alaggabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘vihari apekkha’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

10. Tattha viharīti visesato hari apahari apanesi. Apekkhanti taṇhaṃ. Idhāti imasmiṃ loke attabhāve vā. Huranti aparasmiṃ anāgate attabhāve vā. Idhāti vā ajjhattikesu āyatanesu. Huranti bāhiresu . -saddo samuccayattho ‘‘apadā vā dvipadā vā’’tiādīsu (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34; 5.32) viya. Yoti attānameva paraṃ viya dasseti. Vedagūti vedena gato maggañāṇena nibbānaṃ gato adhigato, cattāri vā saccāni pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayavasena abhisamecca ṭhito. Yatattoti maggasaṃvarena saṃyatasabhāvo, sammāvāyāmena vā saṃyatasabhāvo. Sabbesu dhammesu anūpalittoti sabbesu ārammaṇesu dhammesu taṇhādiṭṭhilepavasena na upalitto, tena lābhādilokadhamme samatikkamaṃ dasseti. Lokassāti upādānakkhandhapañcakassa. Tañhi lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko. Jaññāti jānitvā. Udayabbayañcāti uppādañceva vayañca, etena yathāvuttaguṇānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ dasseti. Ayaṃ panettha attho – yo sakalassa khandhādilokassa samapaññāsāya ākārehi udayabbayaṃ jānitvā vedagū yatatto katthaci anupalitto, so sabbattha apekkhaṃ vineyya santusito tādisānaṃ vippakārānaṃ na kiñci maññati, tasmā tvaṃ andhabāle yathāgatamaggeneva gacchāti. Atha sā itthī ‘‘ayaṃ samaṇo mayi putte ca nirapekkho, na sakkā imaṃ palobhetu’’nti pakkāmi.

Puṇṇamāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Paramatthadīpaniyā theragāthāsaṃvaṇṇanāya

Paṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Dutiyavaggo

1. Cūḷavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pāmojjabahuloti āyasmato cūḷavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle daliddakule nibbattitvā paresaṃ bhatiyā jīvikaṃ kappento bhagavato sāvakaṃ sujātaṃ nāma theraṃ paṃsukūlaṃ pariyesantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vatthaṃ datvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vandi. So tena puññakammena tettiṃsakkhattuṃ devarajjaṃ kāresi. Sattasattatikkhattuṃ cakkavattī rājā ahosi. Anekavāraṃ padesarājā. Evaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane osakkamāne pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussagatīsu aparāparaṃ parivattanto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kosambiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Cūḷavacchotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato buddhaguṇe sutvā pasannamānaso bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkami, tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ kathesi. So paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado katapubbakicco caritānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā bhāvento vihari. Tena ca samayena kosambikā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā ahesuṃ. Tadā cūḷavacchatthero ubhayesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ laddhiṃ anādāya bhagavatā dinnovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ brūhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.31-40) –

‘‘Padumuttarabhagavato, sujāto nāma sāvako;

Paṃsukūlaṃ gavesanto, saṅkāre caratī tadā.

‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, paresaṃ bhatako ahaṃ;

Upaḍḍhudussaṃ datvāna, sirasā abhivādayiṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Tettiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Sattasattatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Upaḍḍhadussadānena, modāmi akutobhayo.

‘‘Icchamāno cahaṃ ajja, sakānanaṃ sapabbataṃ;

Khomadussehi chādeyyaṃ, aḍḍhudussassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, aḍḍhudussassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha cūḷavacchatthero arahattaṃ patvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kalahābhiratiyā sakatthavināsaṃ disvā dhammasaṃvegappatto, attano ca pattavisesaṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassavasena ‘‘pāmojjabahulo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

11. Tattha pāmojjabahuloti suparisuddhasīlatāya vippaṭisārābhāvato adhikusalesu dhammesu abhirativasena pamodabahulo. Tenevāha ‘‘dhamme buddhappavedite’’ti. Tattha dhammeti. Sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhamme navavidhe vā lokuttaradhamme. So hi sabbaññubuddhena sāmukkaṃsikāya desanāya pakāsitattā sātisayaṃ buddhappavedito nāma. Tassa pana adhigamūpāyabhāvato desanādhammopi idha labbhateva. Padaṃ santanti nibbānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Evarūpo hi bhikkhu santaṃ padaṃ santaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ upasamabhāvato saṅkhārūpasamaṃ paramasukhatāya sukhaṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchati vindatiyeva. Parisuddhasīlo hi bhikkhu vippaṭisārābhāvena pāmojjabahulo saddhamme yuttappayutto vimuttipariyosānā sabbasampattiyo pāpuṇāti. Yathāha – ‘‘avippaṭisāratthāni kho , ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni, avippaṭisāro pāmojjatthāyā’’tiādi (a. ni. 10.1). Atha vā pāmojjabahuloti sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅghoti ratanattayaṃ sandhāya pamodabahulo. Tattha pana so pamodabahulo kiṃ vā karotīti āha ‘‘dhamme buddhappavedite’’tiādi. Saddhāsampannassa hi sappurisasaṃsevanasaddhammassavanayonisomanasikāradhammānudhammapaṭipattīnaṃ sukheneva sambhavato sampattiyo hatthagatā eva honti, yathāha – ‘‘saddhājāto upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamanto payirupāsatī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 2.183).

Cūḷavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Mahāvacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Paññābalīti āyasmato mahāvacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca pānīyadānamadāsi. Puna sikhissa bhagavato kāle upāsako hutvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ akāsi, so tehi puññakammehi tattha tattha sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe nāḷakagāme samiddhissa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa mahāvacchoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto āyasmato sāriputtassa bhagavato sāvakabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘sopi nāma mahāpañño. Yassa sāvakattaṃ upāgato, so eva maññe imasmiṃ loke aggapuggalo’’ti bhagavati saddhaṃ uppādetvā satthu santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.51-56) –

‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, bhikkhusaṅghe anuttare;

Pasannacitto sumano, pānīyaghaṭamapūrayiṃ.

‘‘Pabbatagge dumagge vā, ākāse vātha bhūmiyaṃ;

Yadā pānīyamicchāmi, khippaṃ nibbattate mama.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dakadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanena sabrahmacārīnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ ‘‘paññābalī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

12. Tattha paññābalīti pārihāriyapaññāya vipassanāpaññāya ca vasena abhiṇhaso sātisayena paññābalena samannāgato. Sīlavatūpapannoti ukkaṃsagatena catupārisuddhisīlena, dhutadhammasaṅkhātehi vatehi ca upapanno samannāgato. Samāhitoti upacārappanābhedena samādhinā samāhito. Jhānaratoti tato eva ārammaṇūpanijjhāne lakkhaṇūpanijjhāne ca rato satatābhiyutto. Sabbakālaṃ satiyā avippavāsavasena satimā. Yadatthiyanti atthato anapetaṃ atthiyaṃ, yena atthiyaṃ yadatthiyaṃ. Yathā paccaye paribhuñjantassa paribhuñjanaṃ atthiyaṃ hoti, tathā bhojanaṃ bhuñjamāno. Sāmiparibhogena hi taṃ atthiyaṃ hoti dāyajjaparibhogena vā, na aññathā bhojananti ca nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhuñjiyati paribhuñjiyatīti vā bhojanaṃ, cattāro paccayā. ‘‘Yadatthika’’nti vā pāṭho. Yadatthaṃ yassatthāya satthārā paccayā anuññātā, tadatthaṃ kāyassa ṭhitiādiatthaṃ, tañca anupādisesanibbānatthaṃ. Tasmā anupādāparinibbānatthaṃ bhojanapaccaye bhuñjamāno tato eva kaṅkhetha kālaṃ attano anupādāparinibbānakālaṃ āgameyya. Idha imasmiṃ sāsane vītarāgo. Bāhirakassa pana kāmesu vītarāgassa idaṃ natthīti adhippāyo.

Mahāvacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Nīlabbhavaṇṇāti āyasmato vanavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira atthadassino bhagavato kāle kacchapayoniyaṃ nibbatto vinatāya nāma nadiyā vasati. Tassa khuddakanāvappamāṇo attabhāvo ahosi. So kira ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ nadiyā tīre ṭhitaṃ disvā, ‘‘pāraṃ gantukāmo maññe bhagavā’’ti attano piṭṭhiyaṃ āropetvā netukāmo pādamūle nipajji. Bhagavā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā taṃ anukampanto āruhi. So pītisomanassajāto sotaṃ chindanto jiyāya vegena khittasaro viya tāvadeva paratīraṃ pāpesi. Bhagavā tassa puññassa phalaṃ etarahi nibbattanakasampattiñca byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto anekasatakkhattuṃ tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññavāsīyeva ahosi. Puna kassapabuddhakāle kapotayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā araññe viharantaṃ mettāvihāriṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā cittaṃ pasādesi.

Tato pana cuto bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ upacini. Evaṃ tattha tattha devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare vacchagottassa nāma brāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā paripakkagabbhā araññaṃ dassanatthāya sañjātadohaḷā araññaṃ pavisitvā vicarati, tāvadevassā kammajavātā caliṃsu, tirokaraṇiṃ parikkhipitvā adaṃsu. Sā dhaññapuññalakkhaṇaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. So bodhisattena saha paṃsukīḷikasahāyo ahosi. ‘‘Vaccho’’tissa nāmañca ahosi. Vanābhiratiyā vasena vanavacchoti paññāyittha. Aparabhāge mahāsatte mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahante, ‘‘ahampi siddhatthakumārena saha araññe viharissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavante vasanto abhisambuddhabhāvaṃ sutvā bhagavato santikaṃ upagantvā pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe vasamāno nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.49-148-163) –

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;

Vinatānadiyā tīraṃ, upagacchi tathāgato.

‘‘Udakā abhinikkhamma, kacchapo vārigocaro;

Buddhaṃ tāretukāmohaṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Abhirūhatu maṃ buddho, atthadassī mahāmuni;

Ahaṃ taṃ tārayissāmi, dukkhassantakaro tuvaṃ.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, atthadassī mahāyaso;

Abhirūhitvā me piṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhāsi lokanāyako.

‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi viññutaṃ;

Sukhaṃ me tādisaṃ natthi, phuṭṭhe pādatale yathā.

‘‘Uttaritvāna sambuddho, atthadassī mahāyaso;

Naditīramhi ṭhatvāna, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yāvatā vattate cittaṃ, gaṅgāsotaṃ tarāmahaṃ;

Ayañca kacchapo rājā, tāresi mama paññavā.

‘‘Iminā buddhataraṇena, mettacittavatāya ca;

Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati.

‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, sukkamūlena codito;

Ekāsane nisīditvā, kaṅkhāsotaṃ tarissati.

‘‘Yathāpi bhaddake khette, bījaṃ appampi ropitaṃ;

Sammādhāre pavecchante, phalaṃ toseti kassakaṃ.

‘‘Tathevidaṃ buddhakhettaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;

Sammādhāre pavecchante, phalaṃ maṃ tosayissati.

‘‘Padhānapahitattomhi, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā bhagavati kapilavatthusmiṃ viharante tattha gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā bhikkhūhi samāgato paṭisanthāravasena ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, araññe phāsuvihāro laddho’’ti puṭṭho ‘‘ramaṇīyā, āvuso, araññe pabbatā’’ti attanā vuṭṭhapabbate vaṇṇento ‘‘nīlabbhavaṇṇā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

13. Tattha nīlabbhavaṇṇāti nīlavalāhakanibhā nīlavalāhakasaṇṭhānā ca. Rucirāti ruciyā sakiraṇā pabhassarā ca. Sītavārīti sītalasalilā. Sucindharāti sucisuddhabhūmibhāgatāya suddhacittānaṃ vā ariyānaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānatāya sucindharā. Gāthāsukhatthañhi sānunāsikaṃ katvā niddeso. ‘‘Sītavārisucindharā’’tipi pāṭho, sītasucivāridharā sītalavimalasalilāsayavantoti attho. Indagopakasañchannāti indagopakanāmakehi pavāḷavaṇṇehi rattakimīhi sañchāditā pāvussakālavasena evamāha. Keci pana ‘‘indagopakanāmāni rattatiṇānī’’ti vadanti. Apare ‘‘kaṇikārarukkhā’’ti. Selāti silāmayā pabbatā, na paṃsupabbatāti attho. Tenāha – ‘‘yathāpi pabbato selo’’ti (udā. 24). Ramayanti manti maṃ ramāpenti, mayhaṃ vivekābhirattiṃ paribrūhenti. Evaṃ thero attano cirakālaparibhāvitaṃ araññābhiratiṃ pavedento tividhaṃ vivekābhiratimeva dīpeti. Tattha upadhivivekena aññābyākaraṇaṃ dīpitameva hotīti.

Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Sivakasāmaṇeragāthāvaṇṇanā

Upajjhāyoti sivakassa sāmaṇerassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena araññaṃ paviṭṭho tattha pabbatantare nisinnaṃ vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Puna tattha manoharāni kāsumārikaphalāni disvā tāni gahetvā bhagavato upanesi, paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane mātule pabbajante tena saddhiṃ pabbajitvā bahuṃ vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vanavacchattherassa bhāgineyyo hutvā nibbatto, sivakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa mātā attano jeṭṭhabhātike vanavacche sāsane pabbajitvā pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā araññe viharante taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā puttaṃ āha – ‘‘tāta sivaka, therassa santike pabbajitvā theraṃ upaṭṭhaha, mahallako dāni thero’’ti. So mātu ekavacaneneva ca pubbe katādhikāratāya ca mātulattherassa santikaṃ gantvā pabbajitvā taṃ upaṭṭhahanto araññe vasati.

Tassa ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena gāmantaṃ gatassa kharo ābādho uppajji. Manussesu bhesajjaṃ karontesupi na paṭippassambhi. Tasmiṃ cirāyante thero ‘‘sāmaṇero cirāyati, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti tattha gantvā taṃ gilānaṃ disvā tassa taṃ taṃ kattabbayuttakaṃ karonto divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā rattibhāge balavapaccūsavelāyaṃ āha – ‘‘sivaka, na mayā pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya gāme vasitapubbaṃ, ito araññameva gacchāmā’’ti. Taṃ sutvā sivako ‘‘yadipi me, bhante, idāni kāyo gāmante ṭhito, cittaṃ pana araññe, tasmā sayānopi araññameva gamissāmī’’ti, taṃ sutvā thero taṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā araññameva netvā ovādaṃ adāsi. So therassa ovāde ṭhatvā vipassitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.38.53-58) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, kire katvāna añjaliṃ;

Kāsumārikamādāya, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

So arahattaṃ patvā upajjhāyena attanā ca vuttamatthaṃ saṃsanditvā attano vivekābhiratikataṃ katakiccatañca pavedento ‘‘upajjhāyo maṃ avacā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

14. Tattha upajjhāyoti vajjāvajjaṃ upanijjhāyati hitesitaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā ñāṇacakkhunā pekkhatīti upajjhāyo. Manti attānaṃ vadati. Avacāti abhāsi. Ito gacchāma sīvakāti vuttākāradassanaṃ, sivaka, ito gāmantato araññaṭṭhānameva ehi gacchāma, tadeva amhākaṃ vasanayogganti adhippāyo. Evaṃ pana upajjhāyena vutto sivako bhadro assājānīyo viya kasābhihato sañjātasaṃvego hutvā araññameva gantukāmataṃ pavedento –

‘‘Gāme me vasati kāyo, araññaṃ me gataṃ mano;

Semānakopi gacchāmi, natthi saṅgo vijānata’’nti. –āha;

Tassattho – yasmā idāni yadipi me idaṃ sarīraṃ gāmante ṭhitaṃ, ajjhāsayo pana araññameva gato, tasmā semānakopi gacchāmi gelaññena ṭhānanisajjāgamanesu asamatthatāya sayānopi iminā sayitākārena sarīsapo viya sarīsapanto, etha, bhante, araññameva gacchāma, kasmā? Natthi saṅgo vijānatanti, yasmā dhammasabhāvā kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ, nekkhamme nibbāne ca ānisaṃsaṃ yāthāvato jānantassa na katthaci saṅgo, tasmā ekapadeneva upajjhāyassa āṇā anuṭhitāti, tadapadesena aññaṃ byākāsi.

Sivakasāmaṇeragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Kuṇḍadhānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pañcachinde pañca jaheti āyasmato kuṇḍadhānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe uppanno vayappatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā tadanurūpaṃ puññaṃ karonto vicari. So ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya nisinnassa manosilācuṇṇapiñjaraṃ mahantaṃ kadaliphalakaṇṇikaṃ upanesi, taṃ bhagavā paṭiggahetvā paribhuñji. So tena puññakammena ekādasakkhattuṃ devesu devarajjaṃ kāresi. Catuvīsativāre rājā ahosi cakkavattī. Evaṃ so punappunaṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapabuddhakāle bhummadevatā hutvā nibbatti. Dīghāyukabuddhānañca nāma na anvaddhamāsiko uposatho hoti. Tathā hi vipassissa bhagavato chabbassantare chabbassantare uposatho ahosi. Kassapadasabalo pana chaṭṭhe chaṭṭhe māse pātimokkhaṃ osāresi. Tassa pātimokkhassa osāraṇakāle disāvāsikā dve sahāyakā bhikkhū ‘‘uposathaṃ karissāmā’’ti gacchanti.

Ayaṃ bhummadevatā cintesi – ‘‘imesaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ metti ativiya daḷhā, kiṃ nu kho, bhedake sati bhijjeyya, na bhijjeyyā’’ti, sā tesaṃ okāsaṃ olokayamānā tesaṃ avidūreneva gacchati. Atheko thero ekassa hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā sarīravaḷañjanatthaṃ udakaphāsukaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā dhotahatthapādo hutvā gumbasamīpato nikkhamati bhummadevatā tassa therassa pacchato uttamarūpā itthī hutvā kese vidhunitvā saṃvidhāya sambandhantī viya piṭṭhiyaṃ paṃsuṃ puñchamānā viya sāṭakaṃ saṃvidhāya nivāsayamānā viya ca hutvā therassa padānupadikā hutvā gumbato nikkhantā. Ekamante ṭhito sahāyakatthero taṃ kāraṇaṃ disvāva domanassajāto ‘‘naṭṭho dāni me iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dīgharattānugato sineho, sacāhaṃ evaṃvidhabhāvaṃ jāneyyaṃ, ettakaṃ addhānaṃ iminā saddhiṃ vissāsaṃ na kareyya’’nti cintetvā āgacchantassevassa, ‘‘handāvuso, tuyhaṃ pattacīvaraṃ, tādisena pāpena saddhiṃ ekamaggaṃ nāgacchāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā tassa lajjibhikkhuno hadayaṃ tikhiṇasattiṃ gahetvā viddhaṃ viya ahosi. Tato naṃ āha – ‘‘āvuso, kiṃ nāmetaṃ vadasi, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkaṭamattampi āpattiṃ na jānāmi. Tvaṃ pana maṃ ajja ‘pāpo’ti vadasi, kiṃ te diṭṭha’’nti. ‘‘Kiṃ aññena diṭṭhena, kiṃ tvaṃ evaṃvidhena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena mātugāmena saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne hutvā nikkhanto’’ti. ‘‘Natthetaṃ, āvuso, mayhaṃ, nāhaṃ evarūpaṃ mātugāmaṃ passāmī’’ti. Tassa yāvatatiyaṃ kathentassāpi itaro thero kathaṃ asaddahitvā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃyeva bhūtattaṃ katvā gaṇhanto tena saddhiṃ ekamaggena agantvā aññena maggena satthu santikaṃ gato. Itaropi bhikkhu aññena maggena satthu santikaṃyeva gato.

Tato bhikkhusaṅghassa uposathāgāraṃ pavisanavelāya so bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ uposathagge sañjānitvā, ‘‘imasmiṃ uposathagge evarūpo nāma pāpabhikkhu atthi, nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Atha bhummadevatā ‘‘bhāriyaṃ mayā kammaṃ kata’’nti mahallakaupāsakavaṇṇena tassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kasmā, bhante, ayyo imasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti āha. ‘‘Upāsaka, imaṃ uposathaggaṃ eko pāpabhikkhu paviṭṭho, ‘nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karomī’ti bahi ṭhitomhī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, mā evaṃ gaṇhatha, parisuddhasīlo esa bhikkhu. Tumhehi diṭṭhamātugāmo nāma ahaṃ, mayā tumhākaṃ vīmaṃsanatthāya ‘daḷhā nu kho imesaṃ therānaṃ metti, no daḷhā’ti bhijjanābhijjanabhāvaṃ olokentena taṃ kammaṃ kata’’nti. ‘‘Ko pana, tvaṃ sappurisā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ ekā bhummadevatā, bhante’’ti devaputto kathento dibbānubhāvena ṭhatvā therassa pādesu nipatitvā ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, khamatha, etaṃ dosaṃ thero na jānāti, uposathaṃ karothā’’ti theraṃ yācitvā uposathaggaṃ pavesesi. So thero uposathaṃ tāva ekaṭṭhāne akāsi, mittasanthavavasena pana puna tena saddhiṃ na ekaṭṭhāne ahosīti. Imassa therassa kammaṃ na kathīyati, cuditakatthero pana aparāparaṃ vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Bhummadevatā tassa kammassa nissandena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ apāyabhayato na muccittha. Sace pana kismiñci kāle manussattaṃ āgacchati, aññena yena kenaci kato doso tasseva upari patati. So amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. ‘‘Dhānamāṇavo’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā mahallakakāle satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji, tassa upasampannadivasato paṭṭhāya ekā alaṅkatapaṭiyattā itthī tasmiṃ gāmaṃ pavisante saddhiṃyeva gāmaṃ pavisati, nikkhamante nikkhamati. Vihāraṃ pavisantepi saddhiṃ pavisati, tiṭṭhantepi tiṭṭhatīti evaṃ niccānubandhā paññāyati. Thero taṃ na passati. Tassa puna purimakammanissandena sā aññesaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Gāme yāguṃ bhikkhañca dadamānā itthiyo ‘‘bhante, ayaṃ eko yāguuḷuṅko tumhākaṃ, eko imissā amhākaṃ sahāyikāyā’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Therassa mahatī vihesā hoti. Vihāragatampi naṃ sāmaṇerā ceva daharā bhikkhū ca parivāretvā ‘‘dhāno koṇḍo jāto’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Athassa teneva kāraṇena kuṇḍadhānattheroti nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So uṭṭhāya samuṭṭhāya tehi kariyamānaṃ keḷiṃ sahituṃ asakkonto ummādaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tumhe koṇḍā, tumhākaṃ upajjhāyo koṇḍo, ācariyo koṇḍo’’ti vadati. Atha naṃ satthu ārocesuṃ ‘‘kuṇḍadhāno, bhante, daharasāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ evaṃ pharusavācaṃ vadatī’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, dhāna, sāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ pharusavācaṃ vadasī’’ti vatvā tena ‘‘saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vutte ‘‘kasmā evaṃ vadesī’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhante, nibaddhaṃ vihesaṃ asahanto evaṃ kathemī’’ti. ‘‘Tvaṃ pubbe katakammaṃ yāvajjadivasā jīrāpetuṃ na sakkosi, puna evarūpaṃ pharusaṃ māvadī bhikkhū’’ti vatvā āha –

‘‘Māvoca pharusaṃ kañci, vuttā paṭivadeyyu taṃ;

Dukkhā hi sārambhakathā, paṭidaṇḍā phuseyyu taṃ.

‘‘Sace neresi attānaṃ, kaṃso upahato yathā;

Esa pattosi nibbānaṃ, sārambho te na vijjatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 133-134);

Imañca pana tassa therassa mātugāmena saddhiṃ vicaraṇabhāvaṃ kosalaraññopi kathayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘gacchatha, bhaṇe, vīmaṃsathā’’ti pesetvā sayampi mandeneva parivārena therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ekamante olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero sūcikammaṃ karonto nisinno hoti, sāpi itthī avidūre ṭhāne ṭhitā viya paññāyati. Rājā disvā ‘‘atthidaṃ kāraṇa’’nti tassā ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Sā tasmiṃ āgacchante therassa vasanapaṇṇasālaṃ paviṭṭhā viya ahosi. Rājāpi tāya saddhiṃ tameva paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā sabbattha olokento adisvā ‘‘nāyaṃ mātugāmo, therassa eko kammavipāko’’ti saññaṃ katvā paṭhamaṃ therassa samīpena gacchantopi theraṃ avanditvā tassa kāraṇassa abhūtabhāvaṃ ñatvā āgamma theraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno ‘‘kacci, bhante, piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti pucchi. Thero ‘‘vaṭṭati, mahārājā’’ti āha. ‘‘Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, ayyassa kathaṃ, evarūpena parikkilesena saddhiṃ carantānaṃ tumhākaṃ ke nāma pasīdissanti, ito paṭṭhāya vo katthaci gamanakiccaṃ natthi, ahaṃ catūhi paccayehi tumhe upaṭṭhahissāmi, tumhe yoniso manasikāre mā pamajjitthā’’ti nibaddhabhikkhaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā bhojanasappāyena ekaggacitto hutvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tato paṭṭhāya sā itthī antaradhāyi.

Tadā mahāsubhaddā ugganagare micchādiṭṭhikakule vasamānā ‘‘satthā maṃ anukampatū’’ti uposathaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirāmagandhā hutvā uparipāsādatale ṭhitā ‘‘imāni pupphāni antare aṭṭhatvā dasabalassa matthake vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhantu, dasabalo imāya saññāya sve pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatū’’ti saccakiriyaṃ katvā aṭṭha sumanapupphamuṭṭhiyo vissajjesi. Pupphāni gantvā dhammadesanāvelāya satthu matthake vitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Satthā taṃ sumanapupphavitānaṃ disvā citteneva subhaddāya bhikkhaṃ adhivāsetvā punadivase aruṇe uṭṭhite ānandattheraṃ āha – ‘‘ānanda, mayaṃ ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissāma, puthujjanānaṃ adatvā ariyānaṃyeva salākaṃ dehī’’ti. Thero bhikkhūnaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘āvuso, satthā ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissati, puthujjanā mā gaṇhantu, ariyāva salākaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti. Kuṇḍadhānatthero ‘‘āhara, āvuso salāka’’nti paṭhamaṃyeva hatthaṃ pasāresi. Ānando ‘‘satthā tādisānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ salākaṃ na dāpeti, ariyānaṃyeva dāpetī’’ti vitakkaṃ uppādetvā gantvā satthu ārocesi. Satthā ‘‘āharāpentassa salākaṃ dehī’’ti āha. Thero cintesi – ‘‘sace kuṇḍadhānassa salākā dātuṃ na yuttā, atha satthā paṭibāheyya, bhavissati ettha kāraṇa’’nti ‘‘kuṇḍadhānassa salākaṃ dassāmī’’ti gamanaṃ abhinīhari. Kuṇḍadhāno tassa pure āgamanā eva abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā iddhiyā ākāse ṭhatvā ‘‘āharāvuso, ānanda, satthā maṃ jānāti, mādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantaṃ na satthā nivāretī’’ti hatthaṃ pasāretvā salākaṃ gaṇhi. Satthā taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ imasmiṃ sāsane paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Yasmā ayaṃ thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā sappāyāhāralābhena samāhitacitto vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto upanissayasampannatāya chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.1-16) –

‘‘Sattāhaṃ paṭisallīnaṃ, sayambhuṃ aggapuggalaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.

‘‘Vuṭṭhitaṃ kālamaññāya, padumuttaraṃ mahāmuniṃ;

Mahantiṃ kadalīkaṇṇiṃ, gahetvā upagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Paṭiggahetvā bhagavā, sabbaññū lokanāyako;

Mama cittaṃ pasādento, paribhuñji mahāmuni.

‘‘Paribhuñjitvā sambuddho, satthavāho anuttaro;

Sakāsane nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Ye ca santi samitāro, yakkhā imamhi pabbate;

Araññe bhūtabhabyāni, suṇantu vacanaṃ mama.

‘‘Yo so buddhaṃ upaṭṭhāsi, migarājaṃva kesariṃ;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Ekādasañcakkhattuṃ so, devarājā bhavissati;

Catuvīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Akkositvāna samaṇe, sīlavante anāsave;

Pāpakammavipākena, nāmadheyyaṃ labhissati.

‘‘Tassa dhamme sudāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Kuṇḍadhānoti nāmena, sāvako so bhavissati.

‘‘Pavivekamanuyutto, jhāyī jhānarato ahaṃ;

Tosayitvāna satthāraṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Sāvakehi parivuto, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, salākaṃ gāhayī jino.

‘‘Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, vanditvā lokanāyakaṃ;

Vadataṃ varassa purato, paṭhamaṃ aggahesahaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena bhagavā, dasasahassikampako;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi maṃ.

‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃbhūtassapi imassa therassa guṇe ajānantā ye puthujjanā bhikkhū tadā paṭhamaṃ salākaggahaṇe ‘‘kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti samacintesuṃ. Tesaṃ vimatividhamanatthaṃ thero ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘pañca chinde’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

15. Tattha pañca chindeti apāyūpapattinibbattanakāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni pāde bandhanarajjukaṃ viya puriso satthena heṭṭhimamaggattayena chindeyya pajaheyya. Pañca jaheti uparidevalokūpapattihetubhūtāni pañcuddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni puriso gīvāya bandhanarajjukaṃ viya arahattamaggena jaheyya, chindeyya vāti attho. Pañca cuttari bhāvayeti tesaṃyeva uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya saddhādīni pañcindriyāni uttari anāgāmimaggādhigamato upari bhāveyya aggamaggādhigamavasena vaḍḍheyya. Pañcasaṅgātigoti evaṃbhūto pana pañcannaṃ rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅgānaṃ atikkamanena pahānena pañcasaṅgātigo hutvā. Bhikkhuoghatiṇṇoti vuccatīti sabbathā bhinnakilesatāya bhikkhūti, kāmabhavadiṭṭhiavijjoghe taritvā tesaṃ pārabhūte nibbāne ṭhitoti ca vuccatīti attho.

Kuṇḍadhānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Belaṭṭhasīsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yathāpibhaddo ājaññoti āyasmato belaṭṭhasīsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto upanissayasampattiyā abhāvena visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ pana bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto mātuluṅgaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatito sugatiṃ upagacchanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatto bhagavato abhisambodhiyā puretarameva uruvelakassapassa santike tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā aggiṃ paricaranto uruvelakassapadamane ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva. 54; saṃ. ni. 4.28) purāṇajaṭilasahassena saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.68-73) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, puṇṇamāyeva candimaṃ;

Jalantaṃ dīparukkhaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Mātuluṅgaphalaṃ gayha, adāsiṃ satthuno ahaṃ;

Dakkhiṇeyyassa vīrassa, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ adhigatārahatto āyasmato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa upajjhāyo ayaṃ thero ekadivasaṃ phalasamāpattito uṭṭhāya taṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ attano pubbayogañca paccavekkhitvā pītivegavasena ‘‘yathāpi bhaddo ājañño’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

16. Tattha yathāpīti opammapaṭipādanatthe nipāto. Bhaddoti sundaro thāmabalasamatthajavaparakkamādisampanno. Ājaññoti ājānīyo jātimā kāraṇākāraṇānaṃ ājānanako. So tividho usabhājañño assājañño hatthājaññoti. Tesu usabhājañño idhādhippeto. So ca kho chekakasanakicce niyutto, tenāha ‘‘naṅgalāvattanī’’ti. Naṅgalassa phālassa āvattanako, naṅgalaṃ ito cito ca āvattetvā khette kasanakoti attho. Naṅgalaṃ vā āvattayati etthāti naṅgalāvattaṃ , khette naṅgalapatho, tasmiṃ naṅgalāvattani. Gāthāsukhatthañhettha ‘‘vattanī’’ti dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Sikhīti matthake avaṭṭhānato sikhāsadisatāya sikhā, siṅgaṃ. Tadassa atthīti sikhī. Apare pana ‘‘kakudhaṃ idha ‘sikhā’ti adhippeta’’nti vadanti, ubhayathāpi padhānaṅgakittanametaṃ ‘‘sikhī’’ti. Appakasirenāti appakilamathena. Rattindivāti rattiyo divā ca, evaṃ mamaṃ appakasirena gacchantīti yojanā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ‘‘bhaddo usabhājānīyo kasane niyutto ghanatiṇamūlādikepi naṅgalapathe taṃ agaṇento appakasirena ito cito ca parivattento gacchati, yāva kasanatiṇānaṃ parissamaṃ dasseti, evaṃ mamaṃ rattindivāpi appakasireneva gacchanti atikkamantī’’ti. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘sukhe laddhe nirāmise’’ti. Yasmā kāmāmisalokāmisavaṭṭāmisehi asammissaṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ laddhaṃ, tasmāti attho. Paccatte cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ yathā ‘‘vanappagumbe’’ (khu. pā. 6.13; su. ni. 236) ‘‘tena vata re vattabbe’’ti (kathā. 1) ca. Atha vā tato pabhuti rattindivā appakasirena gacchantīti vicāraṇāya āha – ‘‘sukhe laddhe nirāmise’’ti, nirāmise sukhe laddhe sati tassa laddhakālato paṭṭhāyāti attho.

Belaṭṭhasīsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Dāsakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Middhīyadāti āyasmato dāsakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekanavute kappe anuppanne tathāgate ajitassa nāma paccekabuddhassa gandhamādanato manussapathaṃ otaritvā aññatarasmiṃ gāme piṇḍāya carantassa manoramāni ambaphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle sāsane pabbajitvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ kusalakammappasuto hutvā sugatito sugatiṃ upagacchanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbatti. Dāsakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā vihārapaṭijagganakamme ṭhapito sakkaccaṃ vihāraṃ paṭijagganto abhiṇhaṃ buddhadassanena dhammassavanena ca paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Keci pana bhaṇanti – ‘‘ayaṃ kassapassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto aññataraṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ upaṭṭhahanto kiñci kammaṃ kārāpetukāmo theraṃ āṇāpesi. So tena kammena amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa dāsiyā kucchimhi nibbatto vayappatto seṭṭhinā vihārapaṭijaggane ṭhapito vuttanayeneva paṭiladdhasaddho ahosi. Mahāseṭṭhi tassa sīlācāraṃ ajjhāsayañca ñatvā bhujissaṃ katvā ‘yathāsukhaṃ pabbajā’ti āha. Taṃ bhikkhū pabbājesu’’nti. So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya kusīto hīnavīriyo hutvā na kiñci vattapaṭivattaṃ karoti, kuto samaṇadhammaṃ, kevalaṃ yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā niddābahulo viharati. Dhammassavanakālepi ekaṃ koṇaṃ pavisitvā parisapariyante nisinno ghurughurupassāsī niddāyateva. Athassa bhagavā pubbūpanissayaṃ oloketvā saṃvegajananatthaṃ ‘‘middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso cā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

17. Tattha middhīti thinamiddhābhibhūto, yañhi middhaṃ abhibhavati, taṃ thinampi abhibhavateva. Yadāti yasmiṃ kāle. Mahagghasoti mahābhojano, āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatthavaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakānaṃ aññataro viya. Niddāyitāti supanasīlo. Samparivattasāyīti samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ nipajjitvā ubhayenapi seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyuttoti dasseti. Nivāpapuṭṭhoti kuṇḍakādinā sūkarabhattena puṭṭho bharito. Gharasūkaro hi bālakālato paṭṭhāya posiyamāno thūlasarīrakāle gehā bahi nikkhamituṃ alabhanto heṭṭhāmañcādīsu samparivattetvā samparivattetvā sayateva. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadā puriso middhī ca hoti mahagghaso ca nivāpapuṭṭho mahāvarāho viya aññena iriyāpathena yāpetuṃ asakkonto niddāyanasīlo samparivattasāyī, tadā so ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’’ti tīṇi lakkhaṇāni manasikātuṃ na sakkoti. Tesaṃ amanasikārā mandapañño punappunaṃ gabbhaṃ upeti, gabbhāvāsato na parimuccatevāti. Taṃ sutvā dāsakatthero saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.74, 80-84) –

‘‘Ajito nāma sambuddho, himavante vasī tadā;

Caraṇena ca sampanno, samādhikusalo muni.

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇe sambuddhe, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahe;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjante, ambaphalamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero imāya gāthāya maṃ bhagavā ovadi, ‘‘ayaṃ gāthā mayhaṃ aṅkusabhūtā’’ti tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Tayidaṃ therassa parivattāhāranayena aññābyākaraṇaṃ jātaṃ.

Dāsakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Siṅgālapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ahu buddhassa dāyādoti siṅgālakapituttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito catunavute kappe sataraṃsiṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā attano hatthagataṃ tālaphalaṃ adāsi. Tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto sāsane paṭiladdhasaddho hutvā pabbajitvā aṭṭhikasaññaṃ bhāvesi. Puna imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto dārapariggahaṃ katvā ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā tassa ‘‘siṅgālako’’ti nāmaṃ akāsi. Tena naṃ siṅgālakapitāti voharanti. So aparabhāge gharabandhanaṃ pahāya sāsane pabbaji. Tassa bhagavā ajjhāsayaṃ olokento aṭṭhikasaññākammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā bhaggesu viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane, athassa tasmiṃ vane adhivatthā devatā ussāhajananatthaṃ ‘‘bhāvanāphalaṃ nacirasseva hatthagataṃ karissatī’’ti imamatthaṃ aññāpadesena vibhāventī ‘‘ahu buddhassa dāyādo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

18. Tattha ahūti hoti, vattamānatthe hi idaṃ atītakālavacanaṃ. Buddhassāti sabbaññubuddhassa. Dāyādoti dhammadāyādo navavidhassa lokuttaradhammadāyassa attano sammāpaṭipattiyā ādāyako gaṇhanako. Atha vā ahūti ahosi. Evaṃnāmassa buddhassa dāyādabhāve koci vibandho idāneva bhavissatīti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘maññehaṃ kāmarāgaṃ so, khippameva vahissatī’’ti. Bhesakaḷāvaneti bhesakena nāma yakkhena labhitattā pariggahitattā, bhesakaḷānaṃ vā kaṭṭhādīnaṃ bahulatāya ‘‘bhesakaḷāvana’’nti laddhanāme araññe. Tassa bhikkhuno buddhassa dāyādabhāve kāraṇaṃ vadanto ‘‘kevalaṃ aṭṭhisaññāya, apharī pathaviṃ ima’’nti āha. Tattha kevalanti sakalaṃ anavasesaṃ. Aṭṭhisaññāyāti aṭṭhikabhāvanāya. Apharīti ‘‘aṭṭhī’’ti adhimuccanavasena patthari. Pathavinti attabhāvapathaviṃ. Attabhāvo hi idha ‘‘pathavī’’ti vutto ‘‘ko imaṃ pathaviṃ viccessatī’’tiādīsu viya. Maññehanti maññe ahaṃ. ‘‘Maññāha’’ntipi pāṭho. Soti so bhikkhu. Khippameva nacirasseva kāmarāgaṃ pahissati pajahissatīti maññe. Kasmā? Aṭṭhikasaññāya kāmarāgassa ujupaṭipakkhabhāvato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo ekasmiṃ padese laddhāya atthikasaññāya sakalaṃ attano sabbesaṃ vā attabhāvaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhī’’tveva pharitvā ṭhito, so bhikkhu taṃ aṭṭhikajhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto nacireneva anāgāmimaggena kāmarāgaṃ , sabbaṃ vā kāmanaṭṭhena ‘‘kāmo’’, rañjanaṭṭhena ‘‘rāgo’’ti ca laddhanāmaṃ taṇhaṃ aggamaggena pajahissatīti. Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā so thero ‘‘ayaṃ devatā mayhaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ evamāhā’’ti appaṭivānavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.85-90) –

‘‘Sataraṃsī nāma bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;

Vivekā uṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.

‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, tālaphalamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā tāya devatāya vuttavacanaṃ patimānento tameva gāthaṃ udānavasena abhāsi. Tadevassa therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Siṅgālapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Kulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Udakañhi nayantīti āyasmato kulattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira thero pubbepi vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā adhikārasampanno vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ ākāse gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāḷikeraphalaṃ dātukāmo aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa cittaṃ ñatvā otaritvā paṭiggaṇhi. So ativiya pasannacitto hutvā teneva saddhāpaṭilābhena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāci, satthā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘imaṃ purisaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado samaṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto chapi buddhantarāni devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Kulotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto sāsane laddhappasādo bhagavato santike pabbajitvā vikkhepabahulatāya visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisanto antarāmagge bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā udakavāhakaṃ katvā icchiticchitaṭṭhāne udakaṃ nente purise disvā taṃ sallakkhetvā gāmaṃ paviṭṭho aññataraṃ usukāraṃ usudaṇḍakaṃ usuyante pakkhipitvā akkhikoṭiyā oloketvā ujuṃ karontaṃ disvā tampi sallakkhetvā gacchanto purato gantvā araneminābhiādike rathacakkāvayave tacchante tacchake disvā tampi sallakkhetvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā katabhattakicco pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā divāvihāre nisinno attanā diṭṭhanimittāni upamābhāvena gahetvā attano cittadamane upanento ‘‘acetanaṃ udakampi manussā icchikicchitaṭṭhānaṃ nayanti tathā acetanaṃ vaṅkampi saradaṇḍaṃ upāyena namento ujuṃ karonti , tathā acetanaṃ kaṭṭhakaḷiṅgarādiṃ tacchakā nemiādivasena vaṅkaṃ ujuñca karonti. Atha kasmā ahaṃ sakacittaṃ ujuṃ na karissāmī’’ti cintetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.91-99) –

‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, ārāmiko ahaṃ tadā;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase.

‘‘Nāḷikeraphalaṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;

Ākāse ṭhitako santo, paṭiggaṇhi mahāyaso.

‘‘Vittisañjanano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho;

Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Adhigacchiṃ tadā pītiṃ, vipulañca sukhuttamaṃ;

Uppajjateva ratanaṃ, nibbattassa tahiṃ tahiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dibbacakkhu visuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalo ahaṃ;

Abhiññāpāramippatto, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ yāni nimittāni aṅkuse katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, tehi saddhiṃ attano cittadamanaṃ saṃsanditvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘udakañhi nayanti nettikā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

19. Tattha udakaṃ hīti hi-saddo nipātamattaṃ. Nayantīti pathaviyā taṃ taṃ thalaṭṭhānaṃ khaṇitvā ninnaṭṭhānaṃ pūretvā mātikaṃ vā katvā rukkhadoṇiṃ vā ṭhapetvā attano icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ nenti. Tathā te nentīti nettikā. Tejananti kaṇḍaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – nettikā attano ruciyā icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ udakaṃ nayanti, usukārāpi tāpetvā tejanaṃ namayanti ujuṃ karonti. Namanavasena tacchakā nemiādīnaṃ atthāya tacchantā dāruṃ namayanti attano ruciyā ujuṃ vā vaṅkaṃ vā karonti. Evaṃ ettakaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā subbatā yathāsamādinnena sīlādinā sundaravatā dhīrā sotāpattimaggādīnaṃ uppādentā attānaṃ damenti, arahattaṃ pana pattesu ekantadantā nāma hontīti.

Kulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Ajitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti āyasmato ajitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ekanavute kappe vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto kapitthaphalaṃ adāsi. Tato parampi taṃ taṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ kappe anuppanne eva amhākaṃ satthari sāvatthiyaṃ mahākosalarañño aggāsaniyassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa ajitoti nāmaṃ ahosi. Tasmiñca samaye sāvatthivāsī bāvarī nāma brāhmaṇo tīhi mahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sāvatthito nikkhamitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā godhāvarītīre kapitthārāme vasati. Atha ajito tassa santike pabbajito atthakāmāya devatāya coditena bāvarinā satthu santikaṃ pesito tissametteyyādīhi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā manasāva pañhe pucchitvā tesu vissajjitesu pasannacitto satthu santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.7-11) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, kapitthaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ dadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patto sīhanādaṃ nadanto ‘‘maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

20. Tattha maraṇeti maraṇanimittaṃ maraṇahetu. Meti mayhaṃ, bhayaṃ natthi ucchinnabhavamūlatāya parikkhīṇajātikattā . Anucchinnabhavamūlānañhi ‘‘kīdisī nu kho mayhaṃ āyatiṃ uppattī’’ti maraṇato bhayaṃ bhaveyya. Nikantīti apekkhā taṇhā, sā natthi jīvite suparimadditasaṅkhāratāya upādānakkhandhānaṃ dukkhāsārakādibhāvena suṭṭhu upaṭṭhahanato. Evaṃbhūto cāhaṃ sandehaṃ sarīraṃ, sakaṃ vā dehaṃ dehasaṅkhātaṃ dukkhabhāraṃ nikkhipissāmi chaḍḍessāmi, nikkhipanto ca ‘‘‘iminā sarīrakena sādhetabbaṃ sādhitaṃ, idāni taṃ ekaṃsena chaḍḍanīyamevā’ti paññāvepullappattiyā sampajāno sativepullappattiyā paṭissato nikkhipissāmī’’ti. Imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā thero jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tadanantaraṃ parinibbāyīti.

Ajitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dutiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Tatiyavaggo

1. Nigrodhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Nāhaṃbhayassa bhāyāmīti āyasmato nigrodhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira ito aṭṭhārase kappasate brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā gharabandhanaṃ pahāya araññāyatanaṃ pavisitvā aññatarasmiṃ sālavane paṇṇasālaṃ katvā tāpasapabbajaṃ pabbajitvā vanamūlaphalāhāro vasati. Tena samayena piyadassī nāma sammāsambuddho loke uppajjitvā sadevakassa lokassa dhammāmatavassena kilesasantāpaṃ nibbāpento ekadivasaṃ tāpase anukampāya taṃ sālavanaṃ pavisitvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpanno. Tāpaso vanamūlaphalatthāya gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pupphitasāladaṇḍasākhāyo gahetvā sālamaṇḍapaṃ katvā taṃ sabbatthakameva sālapupphehi sañchādetvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pītisomanassavaseneva āhāratthāyapi agantvā namassamāno aṭṭhāsi. Satthā nirodhato vuṭṭhāya tassa anukampāya ‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi, ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghepi cittaṃ pasādessatī’’ti. Tāvadeva bhikkhusaṅgho āgato. So bhikkhusaṅghampi disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Satthā sitassa pātukaraṇāpadesena tassa bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ pakāsento dhammaṃ kathetvā pakkāmi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. So tena puññakammena devamanussesuyeva saṃsaranto vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti, nigrodhotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So jetavanapaṭiggahaṇadivase buddhānubhāvadassanena sañjātappasādo pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.49.190-220) –

‘‘Ajjhogāhetvā sālavanaṃ, sukato assamo mama;

Sālapupphehi sañchanno, vasāmi vipine tadā.

‘‘Piyadassī ca bhagavā, sayambhū aggapuggalo;

Vivekakāmo sambuddho, sālavanamupāgami.

‘‘Assamā abhinikkhamma, pavanaṃ agamāsahaṃ;

Mūlaphalaṃ gavesanto, āhindāmi vane tadā.

‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, piyadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;

Sunisinnaṃ samāpannaṃ, virocantaṃ mahāvane.

‘‘Catudaṇḍe ṭhapetvāna, buddhassa uparī ahaṃ;

Maṇḍapaṃ sukataṃ katvā, sālapupphehi chādayiṃ.

‘‘Sattāhaṃ dhārayitvāna, maṇḍapaṃ sālachāditaṃ;

Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, buddhaseṭṭhamavandahaṃ.

‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, vuṭṭhahitvā samādhito;

Yugamattaṃ pekkhamāno, nisīdi purisuttamo.

‘‘Sāvako varuṇo nāma, piyadassissa satthuno;

Vasīsatasahassehi, upagacchi vināyakaṃ.

‘‘Piyadassī ca bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, sitaṃ pātukarī jino.

‘‘Anuruddho upaṭṭhāko, piyadassissa satthuno;

Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, apucchittha mahāmuniṃ.

‘‘Ko nu kho bhagavā hetu, sitakammassa satthuno;

Kāraṇe vijjamānamhi, satthā pātukare sitaṃ.

‘‘Sattāhaṃ sālacchadanaṃ, yo me dhāresi māṇavo;

Tassa kammaṃ saritvāna, sitaṃ pātukariṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Anokāsaṃ na passāmi, yattha puññaṃ vipaccati;

Devaloke manusse vā, okāsova na sammati.

‘‘Devaloke vasantassa, puññakammasamaṅgino;

Yāvatā parisā tassa, sālacchannā bhavissati.

‘‘Tattha dibbehi naccehi, gītehi vāditehi ca;

Ramissati sadā santo, puññakammasamāhito.

‘‘Yāvatā parisā tassa, gandhagandhī bhavissati;

Sālassa pupphavasso ca, pavassissati tāvade.

‘‘Tato cutoyaṃ manujo, mānusaṃ āgamissati;

Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, sabbakālaṃ dharissati.

‘‘Idha naccañca gītañca, sammatāḷasamāhitaṃ;

Parivāressanti maṃ niccaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Uggacchante ca sūriye, sālavassaṃ pavassate;

Puññakammena saṃyuttaṃ, vassate sabbakālikaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma nāmena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tassa dhamme sudāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Dhammaṃ abhisamentassa, sālacchannaṃ bhavissati;

Citake jhāyamānassa, chadanaṃ tattha hessati.

‘‘Vipākaṃ kittayitvāna, piyadassī mahāmuni;

Parisāya dhammaṃ desesi, tappento dhammavuṭṭhiyā.

‘‘Tiṃsakappāni devesu, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Saṭṭhi ca sattakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, labhāmi vipulaṃ sukhaṃ;

Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, maṇḍapassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ayaṃ pacchimako mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;

Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, hessati sabbakālikaṃ.

‘‘Mahāmuniṃ tosayitvā, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;

Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ pana chaḷabhiñño hutvā phalasukhena vītināmento sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanatthaṃ aññābyākaraṇavasena ‘‘nāhaṃ bhayassa bhāyāmī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

21. Tattha bhāyanti etasmāti bhayaṃ, jātijarādi. Bhayassāti nissakke sāmivacanaṃ, bhayato bhāyitabbanimittaṃ jātijarāmaraṇādinā hetunā nāhaṃ bhāyāmīti attho. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘satthā no amatassa kovido’’ti. Amhākaṃ satthā amate kusalo veneyyānaṃ amatadāne cheko. Yattha bhayaṃ nāvatiṭṭhatīti yasmiṃ nibbāne yathāvuttaṃ bhayaṃ na tiṭṭhati okāsaṃ na labhati. Tenāti tato nibbānato. Vajantīti abhayaṭṭhānameva gacchanti. Nibbānañhi abhayaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Kena pana vajantīti āha ‘‘maggena vajanti bhikkhavo’’ti, aṭṭhaṅgikena ariyamaggena satthu ovādakaraṇā bhikkhū saṃsāre bhayassa ikkhanakāti attho. Yatthāti vā yaṃ nimittaṃ yassa ariyamaggassa adhigamahetu attānuvādādikaṃ pañcavīsatividhampi bhayaṃ nāvatiṭṭhati patiṭṭhaṃ na labhati, tena ariyena maggena vajanti abhayaṭṭhānaṃ satthu sāsane bhikkhū, tena maggena ahampi gato, tasmā nāhaṃ bhayassa bhāyāmīti thero aññaṃ byākāsi.

Nigrodhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Cittakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Nīlāsugīvāti āyasmato cittakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarabuddhakālato paṭṭhāya vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ ācinanto ito ekanavute kappe manussayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā viññuttaṃ patto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso pupphehi pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā ‘‘santadhammena nāma ettha bhavitabba’’nti satthari nibbāne ca adhimucci. So tena puññakammena tato cuto tāvatiṃsabhavane nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti cittako nāma nāmena. So bhagavati rājagahaṃ gantvā veḷuvane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññāyatanaṃ pavisitvā bhāvanānuyutto jhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānapādakaṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.1-7) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, vipassiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Tīṇi kiṅkaṇipupphāni, paggayha abhiropayiṃ;

Sambuddhaṃ abhipūjetvā, gacchāmi dakkhiṇāmukho.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsaṃ agacchahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ vandituṃ rājagahaṃ upagato tattha bhikkhūhi ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, araññe appamatto vihāsī’’ti puṭṭho attano appamādavihāranivedanena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘nīlāsugīvā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

22. Tattha nīlāsugīvāti nīlasugīvā, gāthāsukhatthañhettha dīgho kato, rājivantatāya sundarāya gīvāya samannāgatoti attho. Te yebhuyyena ca nīlavaṇṇatāya nīlā. Sobhanakaṇṭhatāya sugīvā. Sikhinoti matthake jātāya sikhāya sassirikabhāvena sikhino. Morāti mayūrā. Kārambhiyanti kārambarukkhe. Kārambhiyanti vā tassa vanassa nāmaṃ. Tasmā kārambhiyanti kārambhanāmake vaneti attho. Abhinadantīti pāvussakāle meghagajjitaṃ sutvā kekāsaddaṃ karontā utusampadāsiddhena sarena haṃsādike abhibhavantā viya nadanti. Teti te morā. Sītavātakīḷitāti sītena meghavātena sañjātakīḷitā madhuravassitaṃ vassantā. Suttanti bhattasammadavinodanatthaṃ sayitaṃ, kāyakilamathapaṭipassambhanāya vā anuññātavelāyaṃ supantaṃ. Jhāyanti samathavipassanājhānehi jhāyanasīlaṃ bhāvanānuyuttaṃ. Nibodhentīti pabodhenti. ‘‘Imepi nāma niddaṃ anupagantvā jāgarantā attanā kattabbaṃ karonti, kimaṅgaṃ panāha’’nti evaṃ sampajaññuppādanena sayanato vuṭṭhāpentīti adhippāyo.

Cittakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Gosālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ahaṃ kho veḷugumbasminti āyasmato gosālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ ācinanto ito ekanavute kappe aññatarasmiṃ pabbate rukkhasākhāyaṃ olambamānaṃ paccekabuddhassa paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ disvā ‘‘arahaddhajo vatāya’’nti pasannacitto pupphehi pūjehi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsabhavane nibbatto . Tato paṭṭhāya devamanussesuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbatto gosālo nāma nāmena. Soṇena pana koṭikaṇṇena kataparicayattā tassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘sopi nāma mahāvibhavo pabbajissati , kimaṅgaṃ panāha’’nti sañjātasaṃvego bhagavato santike pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā sappāyaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gavesanto attano jātagāmassa avidūre ekasmiṃ sānupabbate vihāsi. Tassa mātā divase divase bhikkhaṃ deti. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhassa mātā madhusakkharābhisaṅkhataṃ pāyāsaṃ adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā tassa pabbatassa chāyāyaṃ aññatarassa veḷugumbassa mūle nisīditvā paribhuñjitvā dhovitapattapāṇī vipassanaṃ ārabhi. Bhojanasappāyalābhena kāyacittānaṃ kallatāya samāhito udayabbayañāṇādike tikkhe sūre vahante appakasireneva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā bhāvanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpento saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.8-14) –

‘‘Himavantassa avidūre, udaṅgaṇo nāma pabbato;

Tatthaddasaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ, dumaggamhi vilambitaṃ.

‘‘Tīṇi kiṅkaṇipupphāni, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;

Heṭṭhā pahaṭṭhena cittena, paṃsukūlaṃ apūjayiṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsaṃ agacchahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pūjitvā arahaddhajaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana adhigantvā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ pabbatasānumeva gantukāmo attano paṭipattiṃ pavedento ‘‘ahaṃ kho veḷugumbasmi’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

23. Tattha veḷugumbasminti veḷugacchassa samīpe, tassa chāyāyaṃ. Bhutvāna madhupāyasanti madhupasittapāyāsaṃ bhuñjitvā. Padakkhiṇanti padakkhiṇaggāhena, satthu ovādassa sammā sampaṭicchanenāti attho. Sammasanto khandhānaṃudayabbayanti pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ udayabbayañca vipassanto, yadipi idāni katakicco, phalasamāpattiṃ pana samāpajjituṃ vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapentoti adhippāyo. Sānuṃ paṭigamissāmīti pubbe mayā vutthapabbatasānumeva uddissa gacchissāmi. Vivekamanubrūhayanti paṭipassaddhivivekaṃ phalasamāpattikāyavivekañca paribrūhayanto, tassa vā paribrūhanahetu gamissāmīti. Evaṃ pana vatvā thero tattheva gato, ayameva ca imassa therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.

Gosālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Sugandhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Anuvassiko pabbajitoti āyasmato sugandhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito dvānavute kappe tissassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto migabyadhanena araññe vicarati. Satthā tassa anukampāya padavaḷañjaṃ dassetvā gato. So satthu padacetiyāni disvā purimabuddhesu katādhikāratāya ‘‘sadevake loke aggapuggalassa imāni padānī’’ti pītisomanassajāto koraṇḍakapupphāni gahetvā pūjaṃ katvā cittaṃ pasādesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā tato cuto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle kuṭumbiko hutvā satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ pavattetvā gandhakuṭiṃ mahagghagositacandanaṃ pisitvā tena paribhaṇḍaṃ katvā patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi – ‘‘nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne mayhaṃ sarīraṃ evaṃsugandhaṃ hotū’’ti. Evaṃ aññānipi tattha tattha bhave bahūni puññakammāni katvā sugatīsu eva parivattamāno imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa gehe nibbatti. Nibbattassa ca tassa mātukucchigatakālato paṭṭhāya mātu sarīraṃ sakalampi gehaṃ surabhigandhaṃ vāyati. Jātadivase pana visesato paramasugandhaṃ sāmantagehesupi vāyateva. Tassa mātāpitaro ‘‘amhākaṃ putto attanāva attano nāmaṃ gahetvā āgato’’ti sugandhotveva nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So anupubbena vayappatto mahāselattheraṃ disvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sattāhabbhantare eva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.15-24) –

‘‘Vanakammiko pure āsiṃ, pitumātumatenahaṃ;

Pasumārena jīvāmi, kusalaṃ me na vijjati.

‘‘Mama āsayasāmantā, tisso lokagganāyako;

Padāni tīṇi dassesi, anukampāya cakkhumā.

‘‘Akkante ca pade disvā, tissanāmassa satthuno;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, pade cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.

‘‘Koraṇḍaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, pādapaṃ dharaṇīruhaṃ;

Sakosakaṃ gahetvāna, padaseṭṭhaṃ apūjayiṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Koraṇḍakachavī homi, suppabhāso bhavāmahaṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, padapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘anuvassiko pabbajito’’ti imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.

24. Tattha anuvassikoti anugato upagato vassaṃ anuvasso, anuvassova anuvassiko. Pabbajitoti pabbajjaṃ upagato, pabbajito hutvā upagatavassamatto ekavassikoti attho. Atha vā anugataṃ pacchāgataṃ apagataṃ vassaṃ anuvassaṃ, taṃ assa atthīti anuvassiko. Yassa pabbajitassa vassaṃ aparipuṇṇatāya na gaṇanūpagataṃ, so evaṃ vutto, tasmā avassikoti vuttaṃ hoti. Passa dhammasudhammatanti tava satthu dhammassa sudhammabhāvaṃ svākkhātataṃ ekantaniyyānikataṃ passa, yattha anuvassiko tuvaṃ pabbajito. Pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇanti tisso vijjā tayā anuppattā sacchikatā, tato eva kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ sammāsambuddhassa sāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhi ovādo anusikkhitoti katakiccataṃ nissāya pītisomanassajāto thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā vadatīti.

Sugandhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Nandiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Obhāsajātanti āyasmato nandiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle satthari parinibbute cetiye candanasārena vedikaṃ kāretvā uḷāraṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ pavattesi. Tato paṭṭhāya ajjhāsayasampanno hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ ācinitvā devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbatti. Tassa mātāpitaro nandiṃ janento jātoti nandiyoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto anuruddhādīsu satthu santike pabbajantesu sayampi pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto katādhikāratāya nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.15-20) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Jalitvā aggikhandhova, sambuddho parinibbuto.

‘‘Nibbute ca mahāvīre, thūpo vitthāriko ahu;

Dūratova upaṭṭhenti, dhātugehavaruttame.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, akaṃ candanavedikaṃ;

Dissati thūpakhandho ca, thūpānucchaviko tadā.

‘‘Bhave nibbattamānamhi, devatte atha mānuse.

Omattaṃ me na passāmi, pubbakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pañcadasakappasate, ito aṭṭha janā ahuṃ;

Sabbe samattanāmā te cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā anuruddhattherādīhi saddhiṃ pācīnavaṃsamigadāye viharante imasmiṃ there ekadivasaṃ māro pāpimā bhiṃsāpetukāmo tassa bheravarūpaṃ dasseti. Thero taṃ ‘‘māro aya’’nti ñatvā ‘‘pāpima, ye māradheyyaṃ vītivattā, tesaṃ tava kiriyā kiṃ karissati, tatonidānaṃ pana tvaṃ eva vighātaṃ anatthaṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti dassento ‘‘obhāsajātaṃ phalaga’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

25. Tattha obhāsajātanti ñāṇobhāsena jātobhāsaṃ aggamaggañāṇassa adhigatattā. Tena anavasesato kilesandhakārassa vihataviddhaṃsitabhāvato ativiya pabhassaranti attho. Phalaganti phalaṃ gataṃ upagataṃ, aggaphalañāṇasahitanti adhippāyo. Cittanti khīṇāsavassa cittaṃ sāmaññena vadati. Tenāha ‘‘abhiṇhaso’’ti. Tañhi nirodhaninnatāya khīṇāsavānaṃ niccakappaṃ arahattaphalasamāpattisamāpajjanato ‘‘phalena sahita’’nti vattabbataṃ arahati. Tādisanti tathārūpaṃ, arahantanti attho. Āsajjāti visodhetvā paribhuyya. Kaṇhāti māraṃ ālapati, so hi kaṇhakammattā kaṇhābhijātitāya ca ‘‘kaṇho’’ti vuccati. Dukkhaṃ nigacchasīti idha kucchianuppavesādinā niratthakaṃ kāyaparissamaṃ dukkhaṃ, samparāye ca appatikāraṃ apāyadukkhaṃ upagamissasi pāpuṇissasi. Taṃ sutvā māro ‘‘jānāti maṃ samaṇo’’ti tatthevantaradhāyīti.

Nandiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sutvāsubhāsitaṃ vācanti āyasmato abhayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā dhammakathiko hutvā dhammakathanakāle paṭhamaṃ catūhi gāthāhi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavitvā pacchā dhammaṃ kathesi. Tenassa puññakammabalena kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ apāyapaṭisandhi nāma nāhosi. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Abhitthavitvā padumuttaraṃ jinaṃ, pasannacitto abhayo sayambhuṃ;

Na gacchi kappāni apāyabhūmiṃ, satasahassāni uḷārasaddho’’ti. (apa. thera 2.55.221)

Khettasampattiyādīhi tassa ca pubbapacchimasanniṭṭhānacetanānaṃ ativiya uḷārabhāvena so aparimeyyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando tādiso ahosi. ‘‘Acintiye pasannānaṃ, vipāko hoti acintiyo’’ti (apa. thera 1.1.82) hi vuttaṃ. Tattha tattha hi bhave upacitaṃ puññaṃ tassa upatthambhakamahosi. Tathā hi so vipassissa bhagavato ketakapupphehi pūjamakāsi. Evaṃ uḷārehi puññavisesehi sugatīsu eva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rañño bimbisārassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Abhayotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa uppatti parato āvi bhavissati. So nigaṇṭhena nāṭaputtena ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ sikkhāpetvā ‘‘imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchitvā samaṇassa gotamassa vādaṃ āropehī’’ti vissajjito bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā taṃ pañhaṃ pucchitvā tassa pañhassa anekaṃsabyākaraṇabhāve bhagavatā kathite nigaṇṭhānaṃ parājayaṃ, satthu ca sammāsambuddhabhāvaṃ viditvā upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesi. Tato raññe bimbisāre kālaṅkate sañjātasaṃvego sāsane pabbajitvā tālacchiggaḷūpamasuttadesanāya sotāpanno hutvā puna vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.17-22) –

‘‘Vinatānadiyā tīre, vihāsi purisuttamo;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.

‘‘Madhugandhassa pupphena, ketakassa ahaṃ tadā;

Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhamapūjayiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattikittanena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘sutvā subhāsitaṃ vāca’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

26. Tattha sutvāti sotaṃ odahitvā, sotadvārānusārena upadhāretvā. Subhāsitanti suṭṭhu bhāsitaṃ, sammadeva bhāsitaṃ, sammāsambuddhabhāvato mahākāruṇikatāya ca kiñci avisaṃvādetvā yathādhippetassa atthassa ekantato sādhanavasena bhāsitaṃ catusaccavibhāvanīyadhammakathaṃ. Na hi saccavinimuttā bhagavato dhammadesanā atthi. Buddhassāti sabbaññubuddhassa. Ādiccabandhunoti ādiccavaṃse sambhūtattā ādicco bandhu etassāti ādiccabandhu, bhagavā. Tassa ādiccabandhuno. Ādiccassa vā bandhūti ādiccabandhu, bhagavā. Tassa bhagavato orasaputtabhāvato. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Yo andhakāre tamasī pabhaṅkaro, verocano maṇḍalī uggatejo;

Mā rāhu gilī caramantalikkhe, pajaṃ mamaṃ rāhu pamuñca sūriya’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.91);

Paccabyadhinti paṭivijjhiṃ. -ti nipātamattaṃ. Nipuṇanti saṇhaṃ paramasukhumaṃ, nirodhasaccaṃ, catusaccameva vā. -ti vā hetuatthe nipāto. Yasmā paccabyadhiṃ nipuṇaṃ catusaccaṃ, tasmā na dāni kiñci paṭivijjhitabbaṃ atthīti attho. Yathā kiṃ paṭivijjhīti āha ‘‘vālaggaṃ usunā yathā’’ti. Yathā sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiṃ susikkhito kusalo issāso usunā kaṇḍena avirajjhanto vijjheyya, evaṃ paccabyadhiṃ nipuṇaṃ ariyasaccanti yojanā.

Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Lomasakaṅgiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dabbaṃkusanti āyasmato lomasakaṅgiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekanavute kappe vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso nānāpupphehi pūjetvā tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto puna aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Tena ca samayena satthārā bhaddekarattapaṭipadāya kathitāya aññataro bhikkhu bhaddekarattasuttavasena tena sākacchaṃ karoti. So taṃ na sampāyāsi. Asampāyanto ‘‘ahaṃ anāgate tuyhaṃ bhaddekarattaṃ kathetuṃ samattho bhaveyya’’nti paṇidhānaṃ akāsi, itaro ‘‘puccheyya’’nti. Etesu paṭhamo ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kapilavatthusmiṃ sākiyarājakule nibbatti. Tassa sukhumālabhāvena soṇassa viya pādatalesu lomāni jātāni, tenassa lomasakaṅgiyoti nāmaṃ ahosi. Itaro devaloke nibbattitvā candanoti paññāyittha. Lomasakaṅgiyo anuruddhādīsu sakyakumāresu pabbajantesu pabbajituṃ na icchi. Atha naṃ saṃvejetuṃ candano devaputto upasaṅkamitvā bhaddekarattaṃ pucchi. Itaro ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti. Puna devaputto ‘‘atha kasmā tayā ‘bhaddekarattaṃ katheyya’nti saṅgaro kato, idāni pana nāmamattampi na jānāsī’’ti codesi. Itaro tena saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘mayā kira, bhante, pubbe ‘imassa bhaddekarattaṃ kathessāmī’ti saṅgaro kato’’ti pucchi. Bhagavā ‘‘āma, kulaputta, kassapassa bhagavato kāle tayā evaṃ kata’’nti āha. Svāyamattho uparipaṇṇāsake āgatanayena vitthārato veditabbo. Atha lomasakaṅgiyo ‘‘tena hi, bhante, pabbājetha ma’’nti āha. Bhagavā ‘‘na, kho, tathāgatā mātāpitūhi ananuññātaṃ puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti paṭikkhipi. So mātu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘anujānāhi maṃ, amma, pabbajituṃ, pabbajissāmaha’’nti vatvā, mātarā ‘‘tāta, sukhumālo tvaṃ kathaṃ pabbajissasī’’ti vutte, ‘‘attano parissayasahanabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘dabbaṃ kusaṃ poṭakila’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

27. Tattha dabbanti dabbatiṇamāha, yaṃ ‘‘saddulo’’tipi vuccati. Kusanti kusatiṇaṃ, yo ‘‘kāso’’ti vuccati. Poṭakilanti sakaṇṭakaṃ akaṇṭakañca gacchaṃ. Idha pana sakaṇṭakameva adhippetaṃ. Usīrādīni suviññeyyāni. Dabbādīni tiṇāni bīraṇatiṇāni pādehi akkantassāpi dukkhajanakāni gamanantarāyakarāni ca, tāni ca panāhaṃ urasā panudissāmi urasāpi apanessāmi. Evaṃ apanento taṃ nimittaṃ dukkhaṃ sahanto araññāyatane gumbantaraṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissāmi. Ko pana vādo pādehi akkamaneti dasseti. Vivekamanubrūhayanti kāyavivekaṃ cittavivekaṃ upadhivivekañca anubrūhayanto. Gaṇasaṅgaṇikañhi pahāya kāyavivekaṃ anubrūhayantasseva aṭṭhatiṃsāya ārammaṇesu yattha katthaci cittaṃ samādahantassa cittaviveko, na saṅgaṇikāratassa. Samāhitasseva vipassanāya kammaṃ karontassa samathavipassanañca yuganaddhaṃ karontassa kilesānaṃ khepanena upadhivivekādhigamo, na asamāhitassa. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘vivekamanubrūhayanti kāyavivekaṃ cittavivekaṃ upadhivivekañca anubrūhayanto’’ti. Evaṃ pana puttena vutte mātā ‘‘tena hi, tāta, pabbajā’’ti anujāni. So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Taṃ satthā pabbājesi. Taṃ pabbajitvā katapubbakiccaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññaṃ pavisantaṃ bhikkhū āhaṃsu – ‘‘āvuso, tvaṃ sukhumālo kiṃ sakkhissasi araññe vasitu’’nti. So tesampi tameva gāthaṃ vatvā araññaṃ pavisitvā bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.23-27) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, nānāpupphehi pūjayiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto taṃyeva gāthaṃ abhāsīti.

Lomasakaṅgiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Jambugāmiyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Kaccino vatthapasutoti āyasmato jambugāmiyaputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ ācinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle ekadivasaṃ kiṃsukāni pupphāni disvā tāni pupphāni gahetvā buddhaguṇe anussaranto bhagavantaṃ uddissa ākāse khipanto pūjesi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu nibbatto. Tato paraṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde campāyaṃ jambugāmiyassa nāma upāsakassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu nibbatto. Tato paraṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde campāyaṃ jambugāmiyassa nāma upāsakassa putvā nibbatti. Tenassa jambugāmiyaputtotveva samaññā ahosi. So vayappatto bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaṃvego pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā sākete añjanavane vasati. Athassa pitā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho mama putto sāsane abhirato viharati, udāhu no’’ti vīmaṃsanatthaṃ ‘‘kacci no vatthapasuto’’ti gāthaṃ likhitvā pesesi. So taṃ vācetvā, ‘‘pitā me pamādavihāraṃ āsaṅkati, ahañca ajjāpi puthujjanabhūmiṃ nātivatto’’ti saṃvegajāto ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.25-30) –

‘‘Kiṃsukaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, paggahetvāna añjaliṃ;

Buddhaseṭṭhaṃ saritvāna, ākāse abhipūjayiṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ñātīnaṃ vasananagaraṃ gantvā sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ pakāsento iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Taṃ disvā ñātakā pasannamānasā bahū saṅghārāme kāresuṃ. Theropi sakapitarā pesitaṃ gāthaṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā ghaṭento vāyamanto arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Aññaṃ byākarontopi pitupūjanatthaṃ ‘‘kacci no vatthapasuto’’ti tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.

28. Tattha kaccīti pucchāyaṃ nipāto. Noti paṭisedhe. Vatthapasutoti vatthe pasuto vatthapasuto, cīvaramaṇḍanābhirato. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ pattamaṇḍanādicāpallapaṭikkhepassāpi adhippetattā. ‘‘Kacci na vatthapasuto’’tipi pāṭho, so evattho. Bhūsanāratoti attabhāvavibhūsanāya rato abhirato, yathekacce pabbajitvāpi capalā kāyadaḷhibahulā cīvarādiparikkhārassa attano sarīrassa ca maṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānāya yuttā honti. Kimeva parikkhārapasuto bhūsanārato ca nāhosīti ayamettha padadvayassāpi attho. Sīlamayaṃ gandhanti akhaṇḍādibhāvāpādanena suparisuddhassa catubbidhassapi sīlassa vasena yvāyaṃ ‘‘yo ca sīlavataṃ pajāti na itarā dussīlapajā, dussīlattāyeva dussilyamayaṃ duggandhaṃ vāyati, evaṃ tvaṃ duggandhaṃ avāyitvā kacci sīlamayaṃ gandhaṃ vāyasīti attho. Atha vā netarā pajāti na itarā dussīlapajā, taṃ kacci na hoti, yato sīlamayaṃ gandhaṃ vāyasīti byatirekena sīlagandhavāyanameva vibhāveti.

Jambugāmiyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Hāritattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Samunnamayamattānanti āyasmato hāritattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññasambhāraṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe sudassanaṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kuṭajapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthinagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Hāritotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa vayappattassa mātāpitaro kularūpādīhi anucchavikaṃ kumārikaṃ brāhmaṇadhītaraṃ ānesuṃ. So tāya saddhiṃ bhogasukhaṃ anubhavanto ekadivasaṃ attano tassā ca rūpasampattiṃ oloketvā dhammatāya codiyamāno ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma rūpaṃ nacirasseva jarāya maccunā ca abhippamaddīyatī’’ti saṃvegaṃ paṭilabhi. Katipayadivasātikkameneva cassa bhariyaṃ kaṇhasappo ḍaṃsitvā māresi. So tena bhiyyosomattāya sañjātasaṃvego satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā gharabandhane chinditvā pabbaji. Tassa ca cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā viharantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati, cittaṃ ujugataṃ na hoti. So gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho aññataraṃ usukāraṃ usudaṇḍaṃ yante pakkhipitvā ujuṃ karontaṃ disvā ‘‘ime acetanampi nāma ujuṃ karonti, kasmā ahaṃ cittaṃ ujuṃ na karissāmī’’ti cintetvā tatova paṭinivattitvā divāṭṭhāne nisinno vipassanaṃ ārabhi. Athassa bhagavā upari ākāse nisīditvā ovādaṃ dento ‘‘samunnamayamattāna’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi. Ayameva thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya ovadanto abhāsīti ca vadanti.

29. Tattha samunnamayanti sammā unnamento, samāpattivasena kosajjapakkhe patituṃ adatvā tato uddharanto vīriyasamataṃ yojentoti attho. Attānanti cittaṃ, atha vā samunnamayāti kosajjapakkhato samunnamehi. Ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Hīnavīriyatāya tava cittaṃ kammaṭṭhānavīthiṃ nappaṭipajjati ce, taṃ vīriyārambhavasena sammā unnamehi, anonataṃ anapanataṃ karohīti adhippāyo. Evaṃ pana karonto usukārova tejanaṃ. Cittaṃ ujuṃ karitvāna, avijjaṃ bhinda hāritāti. Yathā nāma usukāro kaṇḍaṃ īsakampi onataṃ apanatañca vijjhanto lakkhaṃ bhindanatthaṃ ujuṃ karoti, evaṃ kosajjapātato arakkhaṇena onataṃ uddhaccapātato arakkhaṇena apanataṃ vijjhanto appanāpattiyā cittaṃ ujuṃ karitvāna samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā sīghaṃ aggamaggañāṇena avijjaṃ bhinda padālehīti. Taṃ sutvā thero vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacireneva arahā ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.35.39-43) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, vasalo nāma pabbato;

Buddho sudassano nāma, vasate pabbatantare.

‘‘Pupphaṃ hemavantaṃ gayha, vehāsaṃ agamāsahaṃ;

Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ.

‘‘Pupphaṃ kuṭajamādāya, sīse katvānahaṃ tadā;

Buddhassa abhiropesiṃ, sayambhussa mahesino.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākarontopi tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Hāritattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ābādhe me samuppanneti āyasmato uttiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle candabhāgāya nadiyā mahārūpo susumāro hutvā nibbatto. So pāraṃ gantuṃ nadiyā tīraṃ upagataṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto pāraṃ netukāmo tīrasamīpe nipajji. Bhagavā tassa anukampāya piṭṭhiyaṃ pāde ṭhapesi. So haṭṭho udaggo pītivegena diguṇussāho hutvā sotaṃ chindanto sīghena javena bhagavantaṃ paratīraṃ nesi. Bhagavā tassa cittappasādaṃ oloketvā ‘‘ayaṃ ito cuto devaloke nibbattitvā tato paṭṭhāya sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto ito catunavute kappe amataṃ pāpuṇissatī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi.

So tathā sugatīsuyeva paribbhamanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti uttiyo nāma nāmena. So vayappatto ‘‘amataṃ pariyesissāmī’’ti paribbājako hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā sāsane pabbajitvāpi sīlādīnaṃ avisodhitattā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkonto aññe bhikkhū visesaṃ nibbattetvā aññaṃ byākaronte disvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā saṅkhepeneva ovādaṃ yāci. Satthāpi tassa ‘‘tasmātiha tvaṃ, uttiya, ādimeva visodhehī’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 5.369) saṅkhepeneva ovādaṃ adāsi. So tassa ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ ārabhi. Tassa āraddhavipassanassa ābādho uppajji. Uppanne pana ābādhe sañjātasaṃvego vīriyārambhavatthuṃ katvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.3.169-179) –

‘‘Candabhāgānadītīre, susumāro ahaṃ tadā;

Sagocarapasutohaṃ, nadititthaṃ agacchahaṃ.

‘‘Siddhattho tamhi samaye, sayambhū aggapuggalo;

Nadiṃ taritukāmo so, nadititthaṃ upāgami.

‘‘Upagate ca sambuddhe, ahampi tatthupāgamiṃ;

Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, imaṃ vācaṃ udīrayiṃ.

‘‘Abhirūha mahāvīra, tāressāmi ahaṃ tuvaṃ;

Pettikaṃ visayaṃ mayhaṃ, anukampa mahāmuni.

‘‘Mama uggajjanaṃ sutvā, abhirūhi mahāmuni;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, tāresiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Nadiyā pārime tīre, siddhattho lokanāyako;

Assāsesi mamaṃ tattha, amataṃ pāpuṇissati.

‘‘Tamhā kāyā cavitvāna, devalokaṃ agacchahaṃ;

Dibbasukhaṃ anubhaviṃ, accharāhi purakkhato.

‘‘Sattakkhattuñca devindo, devarajjamakāsahaṃ;

Tīṇikkhattuṃ cakkavattī, mahiyā issaro ahuṃ.

‘‘Vivekamanuyuttohaṃ , nipako ca susaṃvuto;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, tāresiṃ yaṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano sammā paṭipattiyā paripuṇṇākāravibhāvanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘ābādhe me samuppanne’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

30. Tattha ābādhe me samuppanneti sarīrassa ābādhanato ‘‘ābādho’’ti laddhanāme visabhāgadhātukkhobhahetuke roge mayhaṃ sañjāte. Sati me udapajjathāti ‘‘uppanno kho me ābādho, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yadidaṃ ābādho vaḍḍheyya. Yāva panāyaṃ ābādho na vaḍḍhati, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi ‘appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’’’ti vīriyārambhavatthubhūtā sati tasseva ābādhassa vasena dukkhāya vedanāya pīḷiyamānassa mayhaṃ udapādi. Tenāha ‘‘ābodho me samuppanno, kālo me nappamajjitu’’nti. Evaṃ uppannañhi satiṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā ayaṃ thero arahattaṃ pattoti.

Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Tatiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Catutthavaggo

1. Gahvaratīriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Phuṭṭhoḍaṃsehīti āyasmato gahvaratīriyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle migaluddo hutvā araññe vicaranto addasa sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle devanāgayakkhānaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ, disvā pana pasannamānaso ‘‘dhammo esa vuccatī’’ti sare nimittaṃ aggahesi. So tena cittappasādena devaloke uppanno puna aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā ‘‘aggidatto’’ti laddhanāmo vayappatto bhagavato yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā sañjātappasādo sāsane pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā gahvaratīre nāma araññaṭṭhāne vasati. Tenassa gahvaratīrayoti samaññā ahosi. So vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.44-50) –

‘‘Migaluddo pure āsi, araññe vipine ahaṃ;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, devasaṅghapurakkhataṃ.

‘‘Catusaccaṃ pakāsentaṃ, desentaṃ, amataṃ padaṃ;

Assosiṃ madhuraṃ dhammaṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.

‘‘Ghose cittaṃ pasādesiṃ, asamappaṭipuggale;

Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, uttariṃ duttaraṃ bhavaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ghosasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā sāvatthiyaṃ agamāsi. Tassa āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā ñātakā upagantvā mahādānaṃ pavattesuṃ. So katipayadivase vasitvā araññameva gantukāmo ahosi. Taṃ ñātakā, ‘‘bhante, araññaṃ nāma ḍaṃsamakasādivasena bahuparissayaṃ, idheva vasathā’’ti āhaṃsu. Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘araññavāsoyeva mayhaṃ ruccatī’’ti vivekābhiratikittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

31. Tattha phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehi makasehīti ḍaṃsanasīlatāya ‘‘ḍaṃsā’’ti laddhanāmāhi andhakamakkhikāhi, makasanaññitehi ca sūcimukhapāṇehi phussito daṭṭhoti attho. Araññasminti ‘‘pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti (pārā. 654) vuttaaraññalakkhaṇayogato araññe. Brahāvaneti mahārukkhagacchagahanatāya mahāvane araññāniyaṃ. Nāgo saṅgāmasīsevāti saṅgāmāvacaro hatthināgo viya saṅgāmamuddhani parasenāsampahāraṃ. ‘‘Araññavāso nāma buddhādīhi vaṇṇito thomito’’ti ussāhajāto sato satimā hutvā tatra tasmiṃ araññe, tasmiṃ vā ḍaṃsādisamphasse upaṭṭhite adhivāsaye adhivāseyya saheyya, ‘‘ḍaṃsādayo maṃ ābādhentī’’ti araññavāsaṃ na jaheyyāti attho.

Gahvaratīriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Suppiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ajaraṃ jīramānenāti āyasmato suppiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane vasanto tattha bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso phalāphalaṃ adāsi, tathā bhikkhusaṅghassa. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa kāle khattiyakule nibbattitvā anukkamena viññutaṃ patto kalyāṇamittasannissayena laddhasaṃvego sāsane pabbajitvā bahussuto ahosi. Jātimadena sutamadena ca attānaṃ ukkaṃsento pare ca vambhento vihāsi. So imasmiṃ buddhuppāde tassa kammassa nissandena sāvatthiyaṃ paribhūtarūpe susānagopakakule nibbatti. Suppiyotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Atha viññutaṃ patto attano sahāyabhūtaṃ sopākattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaṃvego pabbajitvā sammāpaṭipattiṃ pūretvā ‘‘ajaraṃ jīramānenā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

32. Tattha ajaranti jarārahitaṃ, nibbānaṃ sandhāyāha. Tañhi ajātattā natthi ettha jarā, etasmiṃ vā adhigate puggalassa sā natthīti jarābhāvahetutopi ajaraṃ nāma. Jīramānenāti jīrantena, khaṇe khaṇe jaraṃ pāpuṇantena. Tappamānenāti santappamānena, rāgādīhi ekādasahi aggīhi dayhamānena. Nibbutinti yathāvuttasantāpābhāvato nibbutasabhāvaṃ nibbānaṃ. Nimiyanti parivatteyyaṃ cetāpeyyaṃ. Paramaṃ santinti anavasesakilesābhisaṅkhārapariḷāhavūpasamadhammatāya uttamaṃ santiṃ. Catūhi yogehi ananubandhattā yogakkhemaṃ. Attano uttaritarassa kassaci abhāvato anuttaraṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – khaṇe khaṇe jarāya abhibhuyyamānattā jīramānena, tathā rāgaggiādīhi santappamānena gato evaṃ aniccena dukkhena asārena sabbathāpi anupasantasabhāvena saupaddavena, tappaṭipakkhabhāvato ajaraṃ paramupasamabhūtaṃ kenaci anupaddutaṃ anuttaraṃ nibbānaṃ nimiyaṃ parivatteyyaṃ ‘‘mahā vata me lābho mahā udayo hatthagato’’ti. Yathā hi manussā yaṃ kiñci bhaṇḍaṃ parivattentā nirapekkhā gayhamānena sambahumānā honti, evamayaṃ thero pahitatto viharanto attano kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkhataṃ, nibbānaṃ paṭipesitattañca pakāsento ‘‘nimiyaṃ paramaṃ santiṃ, yogakkhemaṃ anuttara’’nti vatvā tameva paṭipattiṃ paribrūhayanto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.51-77) –

‘‘Varuṇo nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;

Chaḍḍetvā dasa puttāni, vanamajjhogahiṃ tadā.

‘‘Assamaṃ sukataṃ katvā, suvibhattaṃ manoramaṃ;

Paṇṇasālaṃ karitvāna, vasāmi vipine ahaṃ.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama assamaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍamhi, obhāso vipulo ahu;

Buddhassa ānubhāvena, pajjalī vipinaṃ tadā.

‘‘Disvāna taṃ pāṭihīraṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassa tādino;

Pattapuṭaṃ gahetvāna, phalena pūjayiṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, sahakhārimadāsahaṃ;

Anukampāya me buddho, idaṃ vacanamabravi.

‘‘Khāribhāraṃ gahetvāna, pacchato ehi me tuvaṃ;

Paribhutte ca saṅghamhi, puññaṃ tava bhavissati.

‘‘Puṭakaṃ taṃ gahetvāna, bhikkhusaṅghassadāsahaṃ;

Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Tattha dibbehi naccehi, gītehi vāditehi ca;

Puññakammena saṃyuttaṃ, anubhomi sadā sukhaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā caturo dīpā, sasamuddā sapabbatā;

Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, issaraṃ kārayāmahaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā ye pakkhigaṇā, ākāse uppatanti ce;

Tepi me vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍamhi, yakkhā bhūtā ca rakkhasā;

Kumbhaṇḍā garuḷā cāpi, pāricariyaṃ upenti me.

‘‘Kummā soṇā madhukārā, ḍaṃsā ca makasā ubho;

Tepi maṃ vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Supaṇṇā nāma sakuṇā, pakkhijātā mahabbalā;

Tepi maṃ saraṇaṃ yanti, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Yepi dīghāyukā nāgā, iddhimanto mahāyasā;

Tepi maṃ vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sīhā byagghā ca dīpī ca, acchakokataracchakā;

Tepi maṃ vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Osadhī tiṇavāsī ca, ye ca ākāsavāsino;

Sabbe maṃ saraṇaṃ yanti, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sududdasaṃ sunipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ suppakāsitaṃ;

Phassayitvā viharāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Vimokkhe aṭṭha phusitvā, viharāmi anāsavo;

Ātāpī nipako cāhaṃ, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ye phalaṭṭhā buddhaputtā, khīṇadosā mahāyasā;

Ahamaññataro tesaṃ, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Abhiññāpāramiṃ gantvā, sukkamūlena codito;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, buddhaputtā mahāyasā;

Dibbasotaṃ samāpannā, tesaṃ aññataro ahaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvāpi tameva gāthaṃ aññābyākaraṇavasena abhāsi.

Suppiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Sopākattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yathāpi ekaputtasminti āyasmato sopākattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle aññatarassa kuṭumbikassa putto hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto bījapūraphalāni satthu upanesi. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya . So bhikkhusaṅghe ca abhippasanno salākabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā saṅghuddesavasena tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāvatāyukaṃ khīrabhattaṃ adāsi. So tehi puññakammehi aparāparaṃ devamanussesu sampattiṃ anubhavanto ekadā manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekassa paccekabuddhassa khīrabhattaṃ adāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha puññāni katvā sugatīsu eva paribbhamanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde purimakammanissandena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarāya duggatitthiyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā dasa māse kucchinā pariharitvā paripakke gabbhe vijāyanakāle vijāyituṃ asakkontī mucchaṃ āpajjitvā bahuvelaṃ matā viya nipajji. Taṃ ñātakā ‘‘matā’’ti saññāya susānaṃ netvā citakaṃ āropetvā devatānubhāvena vātavuṭṭhiyā uṭṭhitāya aggiṃ adatvā pakkamiṃsu. Dārako pacchimabhāvikattā devatānubhāvena mātukucchito arogo nikkhami. Mātā pana kālamakāsi. Devatā taṃ gahetvā manussarūpena susānagopakassa gehe ṭhapetvā katipayakālaṃ patirūpena āhārena posesi. Tato paraṃ susānagopako ca naṃ attano puttaṃ katvā vaḍḍheti. So tathā vaḍḍhento tassa puttena supiyena nāma dārakena saddhiṃ kīḷanto vicarati. Tassa susāne jātasaṃvaḍḍhabhāvato sopākoti samaññā ahosi.

Athekadivasaṃ sattavassikaṃ taṃ bhagavā paccūsavelāya ñāṇajālaṃ pattharitvā veneyyabandhave oloketvā ñāṇajalantogadhaṃ disvā susānaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Dārako pubbahetunā codiyamāno pasannamānaso satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa dhammaṃ kathesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā ‘‘pitarā anuññātosī’’ti vutto pitaraṃ satthu santikaṃ nesi. Tassa pitā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘bhante, imaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājethā’’ti anujāni. Satthā taṃ pabbājetvā mettābhāvanāya niyojesi. So mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā susāne viharanto ca cirasseva mettājhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.45.1-7) –

‘‘Kakusandho mahāvīro, sabbadhammāna pāragū;

Gaṇamhā vūpakaṭṭho so, agamāsi vanantaraṃ.

‘‘Bījamiñjaṃ gahetvāna, latāya āvuṇiṃ ahaṃ;

Bhagavā tamhi samaye, jhāyate pabbatantare.

‘‘Disvānahaṃ devadevaṃ, vippasannena cetasā;

Dakkhiṇeyyassa vīrassa, bījamiñjamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappamhi, yaṃ miñjamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bījamiñjassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahā hutvā pana aññesaṃ sosānikabhikkhūnaṃ mettābhāvanāvidhiṃ dassento ‘‘yathāpi ekaputtasmi’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

33. Tattha yathāti opammatthe nipāto. Ekaputtasminti punāti ca kulavaṃsaṃ tāyati cāti putto, atrajādibhedo putto. Eko putto ekaputto, tasmiṃ ekaputtasmiṃ. Visaye cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Piyasminti piyāyitabbatāya ceva ekaputtatāya ca rūpasīlācārādīhi ca pemakaraṇaṭṭhānabhūte. Kusalīti kusalaṃ vuccati khemaṃ sotthibhāvo, taṃ labhitabbaṃ etassa atthīti kusalī, sattānaṃ hitesī mettajjhāsayo. Sabbesu pāṇesūti sabbesu sattesu. Sabbatthāti sabbāsu disāsu sabbesu vā bhavādīsu, sabbāsu vā avatthāsu. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ekaputtake piye manāpe mātāpitā kusalī ekantahitesī bhaveyya, evaṃ puratthimādibhedāsu sabbāsu disāsu, kāmabhavādibhedesu sabbesu bhavesu daharādibhedāsu sabbāsu avatthāsu ca ṭhitesu sabbesu sattesu ekantahitesitāya kusalī bhaveyya, ‘‘mitto udāsīno pañcatthiko’’ti sīmaṃ akatvā sīmāsambhedavasena sabbattha ekarasaṃ mettaṃ bhāveyyāti. Imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā ‘‘sace tumhe āyasmanto evaṃ mettābhāvanaṃ anuyuñjeyyātha, ye te bhagavatā ‘sukhaṃ supatī’tiādinā (a. ni. 11.15) ekādasa mettānisaṃsā vuttā, ekaṃsena tesaṃ bhāgino bhavathā’’ti ovādamadāsi.

Sopākattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Posiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Anāsannavarāti āyasmato posiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsu eva saṃsaranto ito dvenavute kappe tissassa bhagavato kāle migaluddo hutvā araññe vicarati. Atha bhagavā tassa anuggahaṃ kātuṃ araññaṃ gantvā tassa cakkhupathe attānaṃ dassesi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto āvudhaṃ nikkhipitvā upasaṅkamitvā añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā nisīditukāmataṃ dassesi. So tāvadeva tiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā same bhūmibhāge sakkaccaṃ santharitvā adāsi. Nisīdi tattha bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. Nisinne pana bhagavati anappakaṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedento bhagavantaṃ vanditvā sayampi ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Atha bhagavā ‘‘ettakaṃ vaṭṭati imassa kusalabīja’’nti uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Acirapakkante bhagavati taṃ sīho migarājā ghātesi. So kālaṅkato devaloke nibbatti. ‘‘So kira bhagavati anupagacchante sīhena ghātito niraye nibbattissatī’’ti taṃ disvā bhagavā sugatiyaṃ nibbattanatthaṃ kusalabījaropanatthañca upasaṅkami.

So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato devalokato cavitvā sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa mahāvibhavassa seṭṭhino putto saṅgāmajitattherassa kaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā nibbatti. Posiyotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto dārapariggahaṃ katvā ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā antimabhavikatāya dhammatāya codiyamāno jātiādiṃ paṭicca uppannasaṃvego pabbajitvā araññaṃ pavisitvā vūpakaṭṭho hutvā catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.53.1-12) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, lambako nāma pabbato;

Tattheva tisso sambuddho, abbhokāsamhi caṅkami.

‘‘Migaluddo tadā āsiṃ, araññe kānane ahaṃ;

Disvāna taṃ devadevaṃ, tiṇamuṭṭhimadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Nisīdanatthaṃ buddhassa, datvā cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;

Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.

‘‘Aciraṃ gatamattassa, migarājā apothayi;

Sohena pothito, santo tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Āsanne me kataṃ kammaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhe anāsave;

Sumutto saravegova, devalokamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Yūpo tattha subho āsi, puññakammābhinimmito;

Sahassakaṇḍo satabheṇḍu, dhajālu haritāmayo.

‘‘Pabhā niddhāvate tassa, sataraṃsīva uggato;

Ākiṇṇo devakaññāhi, āmodiṃ kāmakāmihaṃ.

‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Āgantvāna manussattaṃ, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, nisīdanamadāsahaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, tiṇamuṭṭhe idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā bhagavantaṃ vandituṃ sāvatthiṃ āgato ñātiṃ anukampāya ñātigehaṃ agamāsi. Tattha naṃ purāṇadutiyikā vanditvā āsanadānādinā paṭhamaṃ upāsikā viya vattaṃ dassetvā therassa ajjhāsayaṃ ajānantī pacchā itthikuttādīhi palobhetukāmā ahosi . Thero ‘‘aho andhabālā mādisepi nāma evaṃ paṭipajjatī’’ti cintetvā kiñci avatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā araññameva gato. Taṃ āraññakā bhikkhū ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, atilahuṃ, nivattosi, ñātakehi na diṭṭhosī’’ti pucchiṃsu. Thero tattha pavattiṃ ācikkhanto ‘‘anāsannavarā etā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

34. Tattha anāsannavarāti etā itthiyo na āsannā anupagatā, dūre eva vā ṭhitā hutvā varā purisassa seṭṭhā hitāvahā, tañca kho niccameva sabbakālameva, na rattimeva, na divāpi, na rahovelāyapi. Vijānatāti vijānantena. ‘‘Anāsannaparā’’tipi pāḷi, so evattho. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – caṇḍahatthiassamahiṃsasīhabyagghayakkharakkhasapisācāpi manussānaṃ anupasaṅkamanto varā seṭṭhā, na anatthāvahā, te pana upasaṅkamantā diṭṭhadhammikaṃyeva anatthaṃ kareyyuṃ. Itthiyo pana upasaṅkamitvā diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikaṃ vimokkhanissitampi atthaṃ vināsetvā mahantaṃ anatthaṃ āpādenti, tasmā anāsannavarā etā niccameva vijānatāti. Idāni tamatthaṃ attūpanāyikaṃ katvā dassento ‘‘gāmā’’tiādimāha. Tattha gāmāti gāmaṃ. Upayogatthe hi etaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ. Araññamāgammāti araññato āgantvā. Ma-kāro padasandhikaro, nissakke cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Tatoti mañcakato. Anāmantetvāti anālapitvā purāṇadutiyikaṃ ‘‘appamattā hohī’’ti ettakampi avatvā. Posiyoti attānameva paraṃ viya vadati. Ye pana ‘‘pakkāmi’’nti paṭhanti, tesaṃ ahaṃ posiyo pakkāminti yojanā. Ye pana ‘‘sā itthī theraṃ gharaṃ upagataṃ bhojetvā palobhetukāmā jātā, taṃ disvā thero tāvadeva gehato nikkhamitvā vihāraṃ gantvā attano vasanaṭṭhāne mañcake nisīdi. Sāpi kho itthī pacchābhattaṃ alaṅkatapaṭiyattā vihāre therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ upasaṅkami. Taṃ disvā thero kiñci avatvā uṭṭhāya divāṭṭhānameva gato’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ ‘‘gāmā araññamāgammā’’ti gāthāpadassa attho yathārutavaseneva niyyati. Vihāro hi idha ‘‘arañña’’nti adhippeto.

Posiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Sāmaññakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sukhaṃsukhatthoti āyasmato sāmaññakānittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro hutvā tattha tattha bhave kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso ekaṃ mañcaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa paribbājakassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Sāmaññakānītissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sāsane pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā jhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.36.30-33) –

‘‘Vipassino bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;

Ekaṃ mañcaṃ mayā dinnaṃ, pasannena sapāṇinā.

‘‘Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, dibbayānaṃ samajjhagaṃ;

Tena mañcaka dānena, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ mañcamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, mañcadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Therassa pana gihisahāyako kātiyāno nāma paribbājako buddhuppādato paṭṭhāya titthiyānaṃ hatalābhasakkāratāya ghāsacchādanamattampi alabhanto ājīvakāpakato theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘tumhe sākiyaputtiyā nāma mahālābhaggayasaggappattā sukhena jīvatha, mayaṃ pana dukkhitā kicchajīvikā, kathaṃ nu kho paṭipajjamānassa diṭṭhadhammikañceva samparāyikañca sukhaṃ sampajjatī’’ti pucchi. Athassa thero ‘‘nippariyāyato sukhaṃ nāma lokuttarasukhameva, tañca tadanurūpaṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjantassevā’’ti attanā tassa adhigatabhāvaṃ pariyāyena vibhāvento ‘‘sukhaṃ sukhattho labhate tadācara’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

35. Tattha sukhanti nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ idhādhippetaṃ. Tañca phalasamāpatti ceva nibbānañca. Tathā hi ‘‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’’ (dī. ni. 3.355; a. ni. 5.27; vibha. 804) ‘‘nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukha’’nti (dha. pa. 203-204) ca vuttaṃ. Sukhatthoti sukhappayojano, yathāvuttena sukhena atthiko. Labhateti pāpuṇāti, atthikassevedaṃ sukhaṃ, na itarassa. Ko pana atthikoti āha ‘‘tadācara’’nti tadatthaṃ ācaranto, yāya paṭipattiyā taṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjantoti attho. Na kevalaṃ tadācaraṃ sukhameva labhate, atha kho kittiñca pappoti ‘‘itipi sīlavā suparisuddhakāyavacīkammanto suparisuddhājīvo jhāyī jhānayutto’’tiādinā kittiṃ parammukhā patthaṭayasataṃ pāpuṇāti. Yasassa vaḍḍhatīti sammukhe guṇābhitthavasaṅkhāto parivārasampadāsaṅkhāto ca yaso assa paribrūhati. Idāni ‘‘tadācara’’nti sāmaññato vuttamatthaṃ sarūpato dassento – ‘‘yo ariyamaṭṭhaṅgikamañjasaṃ ujuṃ, bhāveti maggaṃ amatassa pattiyā’’ti āha. Tassattho yo puggalo kilesehi ārakattā parisuddhaṭṭhena paṭipajjantānaṃ ariyabhāvakaraṇaṭṭhena ariyaṃ, sammādiṭṭhiādiaṭṭhaṅgasamudāyatāya aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ, antadvayarahitamajjhimapaṭipattibhāvato akuṭilaṭṭhena añjasaṃ, kāyavaṅkādippahānato ujuṃ, nibbānatthikehi magganiyaṭṭhena kilese mārento gamanaṭṭhena ca ‘‘magga’’nti laddhanāmaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadaṃ amatassa asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā pattiyā adhigamāya bhāveti attano santāne uppādeti vaḍḍheti ca, so nippariyāyena ‘‘sukhattho tadācara’’nti vuccati, tasmā yathāvuttaṃ sukhaṃ labhati. Taṃ sutvā paribbājako pasannamānaso pabbajitvā sammā paṭipajjanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Idameva therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Sāmaññakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Kumāputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sādhusutanti āyasmato kumāputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekanavute kappe ajinacammavasano tāpaso hutvā bandhumatīnagare rājuyyāne vasanto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso pādabbhañjanatelaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto. Tato paṭṭhāya sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde avantiraṭṭhe veḷukaṇṭakanagare gahapatikule nibbatto. ‘‘Nando’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Mātā panassa kumā nāma, tena kumāputtoti paññāyittha. So āyasmato sāriputtassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā laddhappasādo pabbajitvā katapubbakicco pariyantapabbatapasse samaṇadhammaṃ karonto visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkonto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā sappāyaṭṭhāne vasanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.53.24-30) –

‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, rājuyyāne vasāmahaṃ;

Cammavāsī tadā āsiṃ, kamaṇḍaludharo ahaṃ.

‘‘Addasaṃ vimalaṃ buddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ;

Padhānaṃ pahitattaṃ taṃ, jhāyiṃ jhānarataṃ vasiṃ.

‘‘Sabbakāmasamiddhañca, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ;

Disvā pasannasumano, abbhañjanamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, abbhañjanamadāsahaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, abbhañjanassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā araññe kāyadaḷhibahule bhikkhū, disvā te ovadanto sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘sādhu sutaṃ sādhu caritaka’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

36. Tattha sādhūti sundaraṃ. Sutanti savanaṃ. Tañca kho vivaṭṭūpanissitaṃ visesato appicchatādipaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dasakathāvatthusavanaṃ idhādhippetaṃ. Sādhu caritakanti tadeva appicchatādicaritaṃ ciṇṇaṃ, sādhucaritameva hi ‘‘caritaka’’nti vuttaṃ. Padadvayenāpi bāhusaccaṃ tadanurūpaṃ paṭipattiñca ‘‘sundara’’nti dasseti. Sadāti sabbakāle navakamajjhimatherakāle, sabbesu vā iriyāpathakkhaṇesu. Aniketavihāroti kilesānaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānaṭṭhena pañcakāmaguṇā niketā nāma, lokiyā vā chaḷārammaṇadhammā. Yathāha – ‘‘rūpanimittaniketavisāravinibandhā kho, gahapati, ‘niketasārī’ti vuccatī’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 3.3). Tesaṃ niketānaṃ pahānatthāya paṭipadā aniketavihāro. Atthapucchananti taṃ ājānitukāmassa kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthapabhedassa pucchanaṃ, kusalādibhedassa vā atthassa sabhāvadhammassa ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ, kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajja’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.296) pucchanaṃ atthapucchanaṃ. Padakkhiṇakammanti taṃ pana pucchitvā padakkhiṇaggāhibhāvena tassa ovāde adhiṭṭhānaṃ sammāpaṭipatti. Idhāpi ‘‘sādhū’’ti padaṃ ānetvā yojetabbaṃ. Etaṃ sāmaññanti ‘‘sādhu suta’’ntiādinā vuttaṃ yaṃ sutaṃ, yañca caritaṃ, yo ca aniketavihāro , yañca atthapucchanaṃ, yañca padakkhiṇakammaṃ, etaṃ sāmaññaṃ eso samaṇabhāvo. Yasmā imāya eva paṭipadāya samaṇabhāvo, na aññathā, tasmā ‘‘sāmañña’’nti nippariyāyato maggaphalassa adhivacanaṃ. Tassa vā pana ayaṃ apaṇṇakapaṭipadā, taṃ panetaṃ sāmaññaṃ yādisassa sambhavāti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘akiñcanassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Apariggāhakassa, khettavatthuhiraññasuvaṇṇadāsidāsādipariggahapaṭiggahaṇarahitassāti attho.

Kumāputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Kumāputtasahāyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Nānājanapadaṃyantīti āyasmato kumāputtasahāyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto araññaṃ pavisitvā bahuṃ rukkhadaṇḍaṃ chinditvā kattarayaṭṭhiṃ katvā saṅghassa adāsi. Aññañca yathāvibhavaṃ puññaṃ katvā devesu nibbattitvā tato paṭṭhāya sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde veḷukaṇṭakanagare iddhe kule nibbatti. Sudantotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. ‘‘Vāsulo’’ti keci vadanti. So kumāputtassa piyasahāyo hutvā vicaranto ‘‘kumāputto pabbajito’’ti sutvā ‘‘na hi nūna so orako dhammavinayo, yattha kumāputto pabbajito’’ti tadanubandhena sayampi pabbajitukāmo hutvā satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkami. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So bhiyyosomattāya pabbajjāya sañjātachando pabbajitvā kumāputteneva saddhiṃ pariyantapabbate bhāvanānuyutto viharati. Tena ca samayena sambahulā bhikkhū nānājanapadesu janapadacārikaṃ carantāpi gacchantāpi āgacchantāpi taṃ ṭhānaṃ upagacchanti. Tena tattha kolāhalaṃ hoti. Taṃ disvā sudantatthero ‘‘ime bhikkhū niyyānikasāsane pabbajitvā janapadavitakkaṃ anuvattentā cittasamādhiṃ virādhentī’’ti saṃvegajāto tameva saṃvegaṃ attano cittadamanassa aṅkusaṃ karonto ‘‘nānājanapadaṃ yantī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

37. Tattha nānājanapadanti visuṃ visuṃ nānāvidhaṃ janapadaṃ, kāsikosalādianekaraṭṭhanti attho. Yantīti gacchanti. Vicarantāti ‘‘asuko janapado subhikkho sulabhapiṇḍo, asuko khemo arogo’’tiādivitakkavasena janapadacārikaṃ carantā. Asaññatāti tasseva janapadavitakkassa appahīnatāya cittena asaṃyatā. Samādhiñca virādhentīti sabbassapi uttarimanussadhammassa mūlabhūtaṃ upacārappanābhedaṃ samādhiñca nāma virādhenti . Ca-saddo sambhāvane. Desantaracaraṇena jhāyituṃ okāsābhāvena anadhigataṃ samādhiṃ nādhigacchantā, adhigatañca vasībhāvānāpādanena jīrantā vīrādhenti nāma. Kiṃsu raṭṭhacariyā karissatīti ti nipātamattaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃbhūtānaṃ raṭṭhacariyā janapadacārikā kiṃ karissati, kiṃ nāma atthaṃ sādhessati, niratthakāvā’’ti garahanto vadati. Tasmāti yasmā īdisī desantaracariyā bhikkhussa na atthāvahā, api ca kho anatthāvahā sampattīnaṃ virādhanato, tasmā. Vineyya sārambhanti vasanapadese arativasena uppannaṃ sārambhaṃ cittasaṃkilesaṃ tadanurūpena paṭisaṅkhānena vinetvā vūpasametvā. Jhāyeyyāti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena cāti duvidhenapi jhānena jhāyeyya. Apurakkhatoti micchāvitakkehi taṇhādīhi vā na purakkhatoti tesaṃ vasaṃ anupagacchanto kammaṭṭhānameva manasi kareyyāti attho. Evaṃ pana vatvā thero tameva saṃvegaṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.53.36-41) –

‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamoggayha, veḷuṃ chetvānahaṃ tadā;

Ālambanaṃ karitvāna, saṅghassa adadiṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, subbate abhivādiya;

Ālambadaṇḍaṃ datvāna, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ daṇḍamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, daṇḍadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Yaṃ panatthaṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā ayaṃ thero arahattaṃ patto, tamevatthaṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pattopi ‘‘nānājanapadaṃ yanti’’ti idameva gāthaṃ abhāsi. Tasmā tadevassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Kumāputtasahāyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Gavampatittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yoiddhiyā sarabhunti āyasmato gavampatittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke uppanno aparāparaṃ puññāni karonto koṇāgamanassa bhagavato cetiye chattañca vedikañca kāresi. Kassapassa pana bhagavato kāle aññatarasmiṃ kulagehe nibbatto. Tasmiñca kule bahuṃ gomaṇḍalaṃ ahosi. Taṃ gopālakā rakkhanti. Ayaṃ tattha antarantarā yuttappayuttaṃ vicārento vicarati. So ekaṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ gāme piṇḍāya caritvā bahigāme devasikaṃ ekasmiṃ padese bhattakiccaṃ karontaṃ disvā ‘‘ayyo sūriyātapena kilamissatī’’ti cintetvā cattāro sirīsadaṇḍe ussāpetvā tesaṃ upari sirīsasākhāyo ṭhapetvā sākhāmaṇḍapaṃ katvā adāsi. ‘‘Maṇḍapassa samīpe sirīsarukkhaṃ ropesī’’ti ca vadanti. Tassa anukampāya devasikaṃ thero tattha nisīdi. So tena puññakammena tato cavitvā cātumahārājikesu nibbatti. Tassa purimakammasaṃsūcakaṃ vimānadvāre mahantaṃ sirīsavanaṃ nibbatti vaṇṇagandhasampannehi aññehi pupphehi sabbakāle upasobhayamānaṃ, tena taṃ vimānaṃ ‘‘serīsaka’’nti paññāyittha. So devaputto ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde yasattherassa catūsu gihisahāyesu gavampati nāma hutvā āyasmato yasassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā attano sahāyehi saddhiṃ bhagavato santikaṃ agamāsi . Satthā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. So desanāvasāne sahāyehi saddhiṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.53.42-47) –

‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, vipine vicaraṃ ahaṃ;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ.

‘‘Tasmiṃ mahākāruṇike, sabbasattahite rate;

Pasannacitto sumano, nelapupphaṃ apūjayiṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento sākete viharati añjanavane. Tena ca samayena bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ sāketaṃ gantvā añjanavane vihāsi. Senāsanaṃ nappahosi. Sambahulā bhikkhū vihārasāmantā sarabhuyā nadiyā vālikāpuḷine sayiṃsu. Atha aḍḍharattasamaye nadiyā udakoghe āgacchante sāmaṇerādayo uccāsaddamahāsaddā ahesuṃ. Bhagavā taṃ ñatvā āyasmantaṃ gavampatiṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha, gavampati, jaloghaṃ vikkhambhetvā bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ karohī’’ti. Thero ‘‘sādhu, bhante’’ti iddhibalena nadīsotaṃ vikkhambhi, taṃ dūratova pabbatakūṭaṃ viya aṭṭhāsi. Tato paṭṭhāya therassa ānubhāvo loke pākaṭo ahosi. Athekadivasaṃ satthā mahatiyā devaparisāya majjhe nisīditvā dhammaṃ desentaṃ theraṃ disvā lokānukampāya tassa guṇānaṃ vibhāvanatthaṃ taṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘yo iddhiyā sarabhu’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

38. Tattha iddhiyāti adhiṭṭhāniddhiyā. Sarabhunti evaṃnāmikaṃ nadiṃ, yaṃ loke ‘‘sarabhu’’nti vadanti. Aṭṭhapesīti sandituṃ adento sotaṃ nivattetvā pabbatakūṭaṃ viya mahantaṃ jalarāsiṃ katvā ṭhapesi. Asitoti nasito, taṇhādiṭṭhinissayarahito, bandhanasaṅkhātānaṃ vā sabbasaṃyojanānaṃ samucchinnattā kenacipi bandhanena abaddho, tato eva ejānaṃ kilesānaṃ abhāvato anejo so, gavampati, taṃ sabbasaṅgātigataṃ tādisaṃ sabbepi rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅge atikkamitvā ṭhitattā sabbasaṅgātigataṃ, asekkhamunibhāvato mahāmuniṃ, tato eva kāmakammabhavādibhedassa sakalassapi bhavassa pāraṃ nibbānaṃ gatattā bhavassa pāraguṃ. Devā namassantīti devāpi imassanti, pageva itarā pajāti.

Gāthāpariyosāne mahato janakāyassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Thero aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘satthāraṃ pūjessāmī’’ti imameva gāthaṃ abhāsīti.

Gavampatittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sattiyā viya omaṭṭhoti āyasmato tissattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayampi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto tissassa bhagavato bodhiyā mūle purāṇapaṇṇāni nīharitvā sodhesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare bhagavato pitucchāputto hutvā nibbatti tisso nāma nāmena. So bhagavantaṃ anupabbajitvā upasampanno hutvā araññāyatane viharanto jātiṃ paṭicca mānaṃ karonto kodhūpāyāsabahulo ca ujjhānabahulo ca hutvā vicarati, samaṇadhamme ussukkaṃ na karoti. Atha naṃ satthā ekadivasaṃ divāṭṭhāne vivaṭamukhaṃ niddāyantaṃ dibbacakkhunā olokento sāvatthito ākāsena gantvā tassa upari ākāseyeva ṭhatvā obhāsaṃ pharitvā tenobhāsena paṭibuddhassa satiṃ uppādetvā ovādaṃ dento ‘‘sattiyā viya omaṭṭho’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

39. Tattha sattiyāti desanāsīsametaṃ, ekatodhārādinā satthenāti attho. Omaṭṭhoti pahato. Cattāro hi pahārā omaṭṭho ummaṭṭho maṭṭho vimaṭṭhoti. Tattha upari ṭhatvā adhomukhaṃ dinnapahāro omaṭṭho nāma, heṭṭhā ṭhatvā uddhammukhaṃ dinnapahāro ummaṭṭho nāma, aggaḷasūci viya vinivijjhitvā gato maṭṭho nāma, seso sabbopi vimaṭṭho nāma. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne omaṭṭho gahito. So hi sabbadāruṇo duruddharaṇasallo duttikiccho antodoso antopubbalohitova hoti, pubbalohitaṃ anikkhamitvā vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandhitvā tiṭṭhati. Pubbalohitaṃ nīharitukāmehi mañcena saddhiṃ bandhitvā adhosiro kātabbo hoti, maraṇaṃ vā maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ pāpuṇanti. Ḍayhamāneti agginā jhāyamāne. Matthaketi sīse. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā sattiyā omaṭṭho puriso sallubbāhanavaṇatikicchanānaṃ atthāya vīriyaṃ ārabhati tādisaṃ payogaṃ karoti parakkamati, yathā ca ḍayhamāne matthake ādittasīso puriso tassa nibbāpanatthaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhati tādisaṃ payogaṃ karoti, evamevaṃ, bhikkhu, kāmarāgappahānāya sato appamatto ativiya ussāhajāto hutvā vihareyyāti.

Evaṃ bhagavā tassa therassa kodhūpāyāsavūpasamāya ovādaṃ dento tadekaṭṭhatāya kāmarāgappahānasīsena desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. Thero imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā saṃviggahadayo vipassanāya yuttappayutto vihāsi. Tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā satthā saṃyuttake tissattherasuttaṃ (saṃ. ni. 3.84) desesi. So desanāpariyosāne arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.53.66-73) –

‘‘Devaloke manusse ce, anubhotvā ubho yase;

Avasāne ca nibbānaṃ, sivaṃ patto anuttaraṃ.

‘‘Sambuddhaṃ uddisitvāna, bodhiṃ vā tassa satthuno;

Yo puññaṃ pasavī poso, tassa kiṃ nāma dullabhaṃ.

‘‘Magge phale āgame ca, jhānābhiññāguṇesu ca;

Aññesaṃ adhiko hutvā, nibbāyāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Purehaṃ bodhiyā pattaṃ, chaḍḍetvā haṭṭhamānaso;

Imehi vīsataṅgehi, samaṅgī homi sabbathā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto satthāraṃ pūjetuṃ tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Vaḍḍhamānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sattiyāviya omaṭṭhoti āyasmato vaḍḍhamānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito dvenavute kappe tissassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tissaṃ bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso suparipakkāni vaṇṭato muttāni ambaphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññakammāni upacinanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ licchavirājakule nibbatti, vaḍḍhamānotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto saddho pasanno dāyako dānarato kārako saṅghupaṭṭhāko hutvā tathārūpe aparādhe satthārā pattanikkujjanakamme kārāpite aggiṃ akkanto viya saṅghaṃ khamāpetvā kammaṃ paṭippassambhetvā sañjātasaṃvego pabbaji, pabbajitvā pana thinamiddhābhibhūto vihāsi. Taṃ satthā saṃvejento ‘‘sattiyā viya omaṭṭho’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

40. Tattha bhavarāgappahānāyāti bhavarāgassa rūparāgassa arūparāgassa ca pajahanatthāya. Yadipi ajjhattasaṃyojanāni appahāya bahiddhasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānaṃ nāma natthi, nānantarikabhāvato pana uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanappahānavacanena orambhāgiyasaṃyojanappahānampi vuttameva hoti. Yasmā vā samucchinnorambhāgiyasaṃyojanānampi kesañci ariyānaṃ uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni duppaheyyāni honti, tasmā suppaheyyato duppaheyyameva dassento bhagavā bhavarāgappahānasīsena sabbassāpi uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanassa pahānamāha. Therassa eva vā ajjhāsayavasenevaṃ vuttaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Vaḍḍhamānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Catutthavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Pañcamavaggo

1. Sirivaḍḍhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vivaramanupatantivijjutāti āyasmato sirivaḍḍhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā kiṅkaṇipupphehi pūjaṃ katvā tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa gehe nibbatti, sirivaḍḍhotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bimbisārasamāgame satthari saddhamme ca uppannappasādo hetusampannatāya pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca katapubbakicco vebhārapaṇḍavapabbatānaṃ avidūre aññatarasmiṃ araññāyatane pabbataguhāyaṃ kammaṭṭhānamanuyutto viharati. Tasmiñca samaye mahā akālamegho uṭṭhahi. Vijjullatā pabbatavivaraṃ pavisantiyo viya vicaranti. Therassa ghammapariḷāhābhibhūtassa sāragabbhehi meghavātehi ghammapariḷāho vūpasami. Utusappāyalābhena cittaṃ ekaggaṃ ahosi. Samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.10-14) –

‘‘Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, sabbaññū lokanāyako;

Odakaṃ dahamoggayha, sināyi aggapuggalo.

‘‘Paggayha kiṅkaṇiṃ pupphaṃ, vipassissābhiropayiṃ;

Udaggacitto sumano, dvipadindassa tādino.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattavīsatikappamhi, rājā bhīmaratho ahu;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññāpadesena attasannissayaṃ udānaṃ udānento ‘‘vivaramanupatanti vijjutā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

41. Tattha vivaranti antarā vemajjhaṃ. Anupatantīti anulakkhaṇe patanti pavattanti, vijjotantīti attho. Vijjotanameva hi vijjullatānaṃ pavatti nāma. Anu-saddayogena cettha upayogavacanaṃ, yathā ‘‘rukkhamanuvijjotantī’’ti. Vijjutāti sateratā. Vebhārassa ca paṇḍavassa cāti vebhārapabbatassa ca paṇḍavapabbatassa ca vivaramanupatantīti yojanā. Nagavivaragatoti nagavivaraṃ pabbataguhaṃ upagato. Jhāyatīti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyati, samathavipassanaṃ ussukkāpento bhāveti. Putto appaṭimassa tādinoti sīlakkhandhādidhammakāyasampattiyā rūpakāyasampattiyā ca anupamassa upamārahitassa iṭṭhāniṭṭhādīsu tādilakkhaṇasampattiyā tādino buddhassa bhagavato orasaputto. Puttavacaneneva cettha therena satthu anujātabhāvadīpanena aññā byākatāti veditabbaṃ.

Sirivaḍḍhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Khadiravaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cāle upacāleti āyasmato khadiravaniyarevatattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare titthanāvikakule nibbattitvā mahāgaṅgāya payāgatitthe titthanāvākammaṃ karonto ekadivasaṃ sasāvakasaṅghaṃ bhagavantaṃ gaṅgātīraṃ upagataṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ yojetvā mahantena pūjāsakkārena paratīraṃ pāpetvā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ satthārā āraññakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā tadatthaṃ patthanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Bhagavā ca tassa patthanāya avajjhabhāvaṃ byākāsi. So tato paṭṭhāya tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe nālakagāme rūpasāriyā brāhmaṇiyā kucchismiṃ nibbatti. Taṃ vayappattaṃ mātāpitaro gharabandhanena bandhitukāmā jātā. So sāriputtattherassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘mayhaṃ jeṭṭhabhātā ayyo upatisso imaṃ vibhavaṃ chaḍḍetvā pabbajito, tena vantaṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ kathāhaṃ pacchā gilissāmī’’ti jātasaṃvego pāsaṃ anupagacchanakamigo viya ñātake vañcetvā hetusampattiyā codiyamāno bhikkhūnaṃ santikaṃ gantvā dhammasenāpatino kaniṭṭhabhāvaṃ nivedetvā attano pabbajjāya chandaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhū taṃ pabbājetvā paripuṇṇavīsativassaṃ upasampādetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojesuṃ. So kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā khadiravanaṃ pavisitvā, ‘‘arahattaṃ patvā bhagavantaṃ dhammasenāpatiñca passissāmī’’ti ghaṭento vāyamanto ñāṇassa paripākagatattā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.628-643) –

‘‘Gaṅgā bhāgīrathī nāma, himavantā pabhāvitā;

Kutitthe nāviko āsiṃ, orime ca tariṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Padumuttaro nāyako, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;

Vasīsatasahassehi, gaṅgātīramupāgato.

‘‘Bahū nāvā samānetvā, vaḍḍhakīhi susaṅkhataṃ;

Nāvāya chadanaṃ katvā, paṭimāniṃ narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Āgantvāna ca sambuddho, ārūhi tañca nāvakaṃ;

Vārimajjhe ṭhito satthā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yo so tāresi sambuddhaṃ, saṅghañcāpi anāsavaṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, devaloke ramissati.

‘‘Nibbattissati te byamhaṃ, sukataṃ nāvasaṇṭhitaṃ;

Ākāse pupphachadanaṃ, dhārayissati sabbadā.

‘‘Aṭṭhapaññāsakappamhi, tārako nāma khattiyo;

Cāturanto vijitāvī, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi , cammako nāma khattiyo;

Uggacchantova sūriyo, jotissati mahabbalo.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tidasā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;

Revato nāma nāmena, brahmabandhu bhavissati.

‘‘Agārā nikkhamitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissati.

‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, yuttayogo vipassako;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me idha;

Sumutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayī mama.

‘‘Tato maṃ vananirataṃ, disvā lokantagū muni;

Vanavāsibhikkhūnaggaṃ, paññapesi mahāmati.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā thero satthāraṃ dhammasenāpatiñca vandituṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anupubbena sāvatthiṃ patvā jetavanaṃ pavisitvā satthāraṃ dhammasenāpatiñca vanditvā katipāhaṃ jetavane vihāsi . Atha naṃ satthā ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno āraññakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āraññakānaṃ yadidaṃ revato khadiravaniyo’’ti (a. ni. 1.198, 203). So aparabhāge attano jātagāmaṃ gantvā ‘‘cālā, upacālā, sīsūpacālā’’ti tissannaṃ bhaginīnaṃ putte ‘‘cālā, upacālā, sīsūpacālā’’ti tayo bhāgineyye ānetvā pabbājetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojesi. Te kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuttā viharanti. Tasmiñca samaye therassa kocideva ābādho uppanno. Taṃ sutvā sāriputtatthero revataṃ ‘‘gilānapucchanaṃ adhigamapucchanañca karissāmī’’ti upagacchi. Revatatthero dhammasenāpatiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ disvā tesaṃ sāmaṇerānaṃ satuppādanavasena ovadanto ‘‘cāle upacāle’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

42. Tattha cāle upacāle sīsūpacāleti tesaṃ ālapanaṃ. ‘‘Cālā, upacālā, sīsūpacālā’’ti hi itthiliṅgavasena laddhanāmā te tayo dārakā pabbajitāpi tathā voharīyanti. ‘‘‘Cālī, upacālī, sīsūpacālī’ti tesaṃ nāma’’nti ca vadanti. Yadatthaṃ ‘‘cālā’’tiādinā āmantanaṃ kataṃ, taṃ dassento ‘‘patissatā nu kho viharathā’’ti vatvā tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘āgato vo vālaṃ viya vedhī’’ti. Patissatāti patissatikā. Khoti avadhāraṇe. Āgatoti āgacchi. Voti tumhākaṃ. Vālaṃ viya vedhīti vālavedhī viya, ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – tikkhajavananibbedhikapaññatāya vālavedhirūpo satthukappo tumhākaṃ mātulatthero āgato, tasmā samaṇasaññaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā satisampajaññayuttā eva hutvā viharatha, ‘‘yathādhigate vihāre appamattā bhavathā’’ti.

Taṃ sutvā te sāmaṇerā dhammasenāpatissa paccuggamanādivattaṃ katvā ubhinnaṃ mātulattherānaṃ paṭisanthāravelāyaṃ nātidūre samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdiṃsu. Dhammasenāpati revatattherena saddhiṃ paṭisanthāraṃ katvā uṭṭhāyāsanā te sāmaṇere upasaṅkami, te tathākālaparicchedassa katattā there upasaṅkamante eva uṭṭhahitvā vanditvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero ‘‘katarakataravihārena viharathā’’ti pucchitvā tehi ‘‘imāya imāyā’’ti vutte ‘‘dārakepi nāma evaṃ vinento mayhaṃ bhātiko paccapādi vata dhammassa anudhamma’’nti theraṃ pasaṃsanto pakkāmi.

Khadiravaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Sumaṅgalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sumuttikoti āyasmato sumaṅgalattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle rukkhadevatā hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ nhāyitvā ekacīvaraṃ ṭhitaṃ disvā somanassappatto hutvā apphoṭesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ gāmake tādisena kammanissandena daliddakule nibbatti. Tassa sumaṅgaloti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto khujjakāsitanaṅgalakuddālaparikkhāro hutvā kasiyā jīvati. So ekadivasaṃ raññā pasenadikosalena bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādāne pavattiyamāne dānopakaraṇāni gahetvā āgacchantehi manussehi saddhiṃ dadhighaṭaṃ gahetvā āgato bhikkhūnaṃ sakkārasammānaṃ disvā ‘‘ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sukhumavatthasunivatthā subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu senāsanesu viharanti, yaṃnūnāhampi pabbajeyya’’nti cintetvā, aññataraṃ mahātheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano pabbajjādhippāyaṃ nivedesi. So taṃ karuṇāyanto pabbājetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. So araññe viharanto ekavihāre nibbinno ukkaṇṭhito hutvā, vibbhamitukāmo ñātigāmaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge kacchaṃ bandhitvā khettaṃ kasante kiliṭṭhavatthanivatthe samantato rajokiṇṇasarīre vātātapena phussante kassake disvā, ‘‘mahantaṃ vatime sattā jīvikanimittaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhontī’’ti saṃvegaṃ paṭilabhi. Ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā yathāgahitaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ upaṭṭhāsi. So aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagantvā vivekaṃ labhitvā yoniso manasikaronto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.11-19) –

‘‘Atthadassī jinavaro, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Vihārā abhinikkhamma, taḷākaṃ upasaṅkami.

‘‘Nhātvā pitvā ca sambuddho, uttaritvekacīvaro;

Aṭṭhāsi bhagavā tattha, vilokento disodisaṃ.

‘‘Bhavane upaviṭṭhohaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, apphoṭesiṃ ahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Sataraṃsiṃva jotantaṃ, pabhāsantaṃva kañcanaṃ;

Naccagīte payuttohaṃ, pañcaṅgatūriyamhi ca.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Sabbe satte abhibhomi, vipulo hoti me yaso.

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;

Attānaṃ tosayitvāna, pare tosesi tvaṃ muni.

‘‘Pariggahe nisīditvā, hāsaṃ katvāna subbate;

Upaṭṭhahitvā sambuddhaṃ, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Soḷaseto kappasate, dvinavaekacintitā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā sampattiṃ attano dukkhavimuttiñca kittanavasena udānaṃ udānento ‘‘sumuttiko’’tiādimāha.

43. Tattha sumuttikoti sundarā accantikatāya apunabbhavikā mutti etassāti sumuttiko. Tassa pana vimuttiyā pāsaṃsiyatāya acchariyatāya ca apphoṭento āha ‘‘sumuttiko’’ti. Puna tattha vimuttiyaṃ attano pasādassa daḷhabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘sāhu sumuttikomhī’’ti āha. ‘‘Sādhu suṭṭhu muttiko vatamhī’’ti attho. ‘‘Kuto panāyaṃ sumuttikatā’’ti? Kāmañcāyaṃ thero sabbasmāpi vaṭṭadukkhato suvimutto, attano pana tāva upaṭṭhitaṃ ativiya aniṭṭhabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ dassento ‘‘tīhi khujjakehī’’tiādimāha. Tattha khujjakehīti khujjasabhāvehi, khujjākārehi vā. Nissakkavacanañcetaṃ muttasaddāpekkhāya. Kassako hi akhujjopi samāno tīsu ṭhānesu attānaṃ khujjaṃ katvā dasseti lāyane kasane kuddālakamme ca. Yo hi pana kassako lāyanādīni karoti , tānipi asitādīni kuṭilākārato khujjakānīti vuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi khujjakehī’’ti.

Idāni tāni sarūpato dassento ‘‘asitāsu mayā, naṅgalāsu mayā, khuddakuddālāsu mayā’’ti āha. Tattha asitāsu mayāti lavittehi mayā muttanti attho. Nissakke cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Apare pana ‘‘asitāsu mayāti lavittehi karaṇabhūtehi mayā khujjita’’nti vadanti. Tesaṃ matena karaṇatthe hetumhi vā bhummavacanaṃ. ‘‘Naṅgalāsū’’ti liṅgavipallāsaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, naṅgalehi kasirehīti attho. Attanā vaḷañjitakuddālassa sabhāvato vaḷañjanena vā appakatāya vuttaṃ ‘‘khuddakuddālāsū’’ti ‘‘kuṇṭhakuddālāsū’’tipi pāḷi. Vaḷañjaneneva atikhiṇakhaṇittesūti attho. Idhamevāti ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Atha vāpīti -saddo nipātamattaṃ. Gāmake ṭhitattā tāni asitādīni kiñcāpi idheva mama samīpeyeva, tathāpi alameva hotīti attho. Turitavasena cetaṃ āmeḍitavacanaṃ. Jhāyāti phalasamāpattijjhānavasena diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ dibbavihārādivasena ca jhāya. Sumaṅgalāti attānaṃ ālapati. Jhāne pana ādaradassanatthaṃ āmeḍitaṃ kataṃ. Appamatto viharāti satipaññāvepullappattiyā sabbatthakameva appamattosi tvaṃ, tasmā idāni sukhaṃ vihara, sumaṅgala. Keci pana ‘‘arahattaṃ appatvā eva vipassanāya vīthipaṭipannāya sāsane sañjātābhiratiyā yathānubhūtaṃ gharāvāsadukkhaṃ jigucchanto thero imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā pacchā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇī’’ti vadanti. Tesaṃ matena ‘‘jhāya appamatto viharā’’ti padānaṃ attho vipassanāmaggavasenapi yujjati eva.

Sumaṅgalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Sānuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Mataṃvā amma rodantīti āyasmato sānuttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato hatthapādadhovanamukhavikkhālanānaṃ atthāya udakaṃ upanesi. Satthā hi bhojanakāle hatthapāde dhovitukāmo ahosi. So satthu ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā udakaṃ upanesi. Bhagavā hatthapāde dhovitvā bhuñjitvā mukhaṃ vikkhāletukāmo ahosi. So tampi ñatvā mukhodakaṃ upanesi. Satthā mukhaṃ vikkhāletvā mukhadhovanakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. Evaṃ bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya tena karīyamānaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ sādiyi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa upāsakassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tasmiṃ gabbhagateyeva pitā pavāsaṃ gato, upāsikā dasamāsaccayena puttaṃ vijāyitvā sānūtissa nāmaṃ akāsi. Tasmiṃ anukkamena vaḍḍhante sattavassikaṃyeva naṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike pabbājesi, ‘‘evamayaṃ anantarāyo vaḍḍhitvā accantasukhabhāgī bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘So sānusāmaṇero’’ti paññāto paññavā vattasampanno bahussuto dhammakathiko sattesu mettajjhāsayo hutvā devamanussānaṃ piyo ahosi manāpoti sabbaṃ sānusutte āgatanayena veditabbaṃ.

Tassa atītajātiyaṃ mātā yakkhayoniyaṃ nibbatti. Taṃ yakkhā ‘‘sānuttherassa ayaṃ mātā’’ti garucittikārabahulā hutvā mānenti. Evaṃ gacchante kāle puthujjanabhāvassa ādīnavaṃ vibhāventaṃ viya ekadivasaṃ sānussa yoniso manasikārābhāvā ayoniso ummujjantassa vibbhamitukāmatācittaṃ uppajji. Taṃ tassa yakkhinimātā ñatvā manussamātuyā ārocesi – ‘‘tava putto, sānu, ‘vibbhamissāmī’ti cittaṃ uppādesi, tasmā tvaṃ –

‘‘Sānuṃ pabuddhaṃ vajjāsi, yakkhānaṃ vacanaṃ idaṃ;

Mākāsi pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho.

‘‘Sace tvaṃ pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, karissasi karosi vā;

Na te dukkhā pamutyatthi, uppaccāpi palāyato’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.239; dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.325 sānusāmaṇeravatthu) –

Evaṃ bhaṇāhī’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā yakkhinimātā tatthevantaradhāyi. Manussamātā pana taṃ sutvā paridevasokasamāpannā cetodukkhasamappitā ahosi. Atha sānusāmaṇero pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya mātu santikaṃ upagato mātaraṃ rodamānaṃ disvā ‘‘amma, kiṃ nissāya rodasī’’ti vatvā ‘‘taṃ nissāyā’’ti ca vutto mātu ‘‘mataṃ vā, amma, rodanti, yo vā jīvaṃ na dissatī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

44. Tassattho – ‘‘amma, rodantā nāma ñātakā mittā vā attano ñātakaṃ mittaṃ vā mataṃ uddissa rodanti paralokaṃ gatattā, yo vā ñātako mitto vā jīvaṃ jīvanto desantaraṃ pakkantatāya ca na dissati, taṃ vā uddissa rodanti, ubhayampetaṃ mayi na vijjati, evaṃ sante jīvantaṃ dharamānaṃ maṃ purato ṭhitaṃ passantī; kasmā, amma, rodasi?Maṃ uddissa tava rodanassa kāraṇameva natthī’’ti.

Taṃ sutvā tassa mātā ‘‘maraṇañhetaṃ, bhikkhave, yo sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.63) suttapadānusārena uppabbajanaṃ ariyassa vinaye maraṇanti dassentī –

‘‘Mataṃ vā putta rodanti, yo vā jīvaṃ na dissati;

Yo ca kāme cajitvāna, punarāgacchate idha.

‘‘Taṃ vāpi putta rodanti, puna jīvaṃ mato hi so;

Kukkuḷā ubbhato tāta, kukkuḷaṃ patitumicchasī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.239; dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.sānusāmaṇeravatthu) –

Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha kāme cajitvānāti nekkhammajjhāsayena vatthukāme pahāya, tañca kilesakāmassa tadaṅgappahānavasena veditabbaṃ. Pabbajjā hettha kāmapariccāgo adhippeto. Punarāgacchate idhāti idha gehe punadeva āgacchati, hīnāyāvattanaṃ sandhāya vadati. Taṃ vāpīti yo pabbajitvā vibbhamati , taṃ vāpi puggalaṃ mataṃ viyamādisiyo rodanti. Kasmāti ce? Puna jīvaṃ mato hi soti vibbhamanato pacchā yo jīvanto, so guṇamaraṇena atthato matoyeva. Idānissa savisesasaṃvegaṃ janetuṃ ‘‘kukkuḷā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tassattho – ‘‘ahorattaṃ ādittaṃ viya hutvā ḍahanaṭṭhena kukkuḷanirayasadisattā kukkuḷā gihibhāvā anukampantiyā mayā ubbhato uddhato, tāta sānu, kukkuḷaṃ patituṃ icchasi patitukāmosī’’ti.

Taṃ sutvā sānusāmaṇero saṃvegajāto hutvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.25-29) –

‘‘Bhuñjantaṃ samaṇaṃ disvā, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;

Ghaṭenodakamādāya, siddhatthassa adāsahaṃ.

‘‘Nimmalo homahaṃ ajja, vimalo khīṇasaṃsayo;

Bhave nibbattamānassa, phalaṃ nibbattate subhaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, udakaṃ yamadāsahaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dakadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekasaṭṭhimhito kappe, ekova vimalo ahu;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero imissā gāthāya vasena ‘‘mayhaṃ vipassanārambho arahattappatti ca jātā’’ti udānavasena tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Sānuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Ramaṇīyavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yathāpibhaddo ājaññoti āyasmato ramaṇīyavihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha puññāni upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā koraṇḍapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe aññatarassa seṭṭhissa putto hutvā nibbatto yobbanamadena kāmesu mucchaṃ āpanno viharati. So ekadivasaṃ aññataraṃ pāradārikaṃ rājapurisehi vividhā kammakāraṇā karīyamānaṃ disvā saṃvegajāto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā pabbaji. Pabbajito ca rāgacaritatāya niccakālaṃ susammaṭṭhaṃ pariveṇaṃ sūpaṭṭhitaṃ pānīyaparibhojanīyaṃ supaññataṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ katvā viharati. Tena so ramaṇīyavihārītveva paññāyittha.

So rāgussannatāya ayoniso manasi karitvā sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiāpattiṃ āpajjitvā, ‘‘dhiratthu, maṃ evaṃbhūto saddhādeyyaṃ bhuñjeyya’’nti vippaṭisārī hutvā ‘‘vibbhamissāmī’’ti gacchanto antarāmagge rukkhamūle nisīdi, tena ca maggena sakaṭesu gacchantesu eko sakaṭayutto goṇo parissamanto visamaṭṭhāne khalitvā pati, taṃ sākaṭikā yugato muñcitvā tiṇodakaṃ datvā parissamaṃ vinodetvā punapi dhure yojetvā agamaṃsu. Thero taṃ disvā – ‘‘yathāyaṃ goṇo sakiṃ khalitvāpi uṭṭhāya sakiṃ dhuraṃ vahati, evaṃ mayāpi kilesavasena sakiṃ khalitenāpi vuṭṭhāya samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti yoniso ummujjanto nivattitvā upālittherassa attano pavattiṃ ācikkhitvā tena vuttavidhinā āpattito vuṭṭhahitvā sīlaṃ pākatikaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.35-39) –

‘‘Akkantañca padaṃ disvā, cakkālaṅkārabhūsitaṃ;

Padenānupadaṃ yanto, vipassissa mahesino.

‘‘Koraṇḍaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, samūlaṃ pūjitaṃ mayā;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, avandiṃ padamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi, eko vītamalo ahuṃ;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto attano pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā saddhiṃ ariyadhammādhigamanadīpaniṃ ‘‘yathāpi bhaddo ājañño, khalitvā patitiṭṭhatī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

45. Tattha khalitvāti pakkhalitvā. Patitiṭṭhatīti patiṭṭhahati, punadeva yathāṭhāne tiṭṭhati. Evanti yathā bhaddo usabhājānīyo bhāraṃ vahanto parissamappatto visamaṭṭhānaṃ āgamma ekavāraṃ pakkhalitvā patito na tattakena dhuraṃ chaḍḍeti, thāmajavaparakkamasampannatāya pana khalitvāpi patitiṭṭhati, attano sabhāveneva ṭhatvā bhāraṃ vahati, evaṃ kilesaparissamappatto kiriyāparādhena khalitvā taṃ khalitaṃ thāmavīriyasampattitāya paṭipākatikaṃ katvā maggasammādiṭṭhiyā dassanasampannaṃ, tato eva sammāsambuddhassa savanante ariyāya jātiyā jātatāya sāvakaṃ, tassa ure vāyāmajanitābhijātitāya orasaṃ puttaṃ bhaddājānīyasadisakiccatāya ājānīyanti ca maṃ dhāretha upadhārethāti attho.

Ramaṇīyavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Samiddhittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Saddhāyāhaṃpabbajitoti āyasmato samiddhittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu kattādhikāro tattha tattha puññāni upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso savaṇṭāni pupphāni kaṇṇikabaddhāni gahetvā pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe kulagehe nibbatti. Tassa jātakālato paṭṭhāya taṃ kulaṃ dhanadhaññādīhi vaḍḍhi, attabhāvo cassa abhirūpo dassanīyo guṇavā iti vibhavasamiddhiyā ca guṇasamiddhiyā ca samiddhītveva paññāyittha. So bimbisārasamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā bhāvanāya yuttappayutto viharanto bhagavati tapodārāme viharante ekadivasaṃ evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘lābhā vata me satthā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, svākkhāte cāhaṃ dhammavinaye pabbajito, sabrahmacārī ca me sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā’’ti. Tassevaṃ cintentassa uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ udapādi. Taṃ asahanto māro pāpimā therassa avidūre mahantaṃ bheravasaddamakāsi, pathaviyā undriyanakālo viya ahosi. Thero bhagavato tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhagavā ‘‘māro tuyhaṃ vicakkhukammāya ceteti, gaccha, bhikkhu tattha acintetvā viharāhī’’ti āha. Thero tattha gantvā viharanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.30-34) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;

Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, siddhatthaṃ narasārathiṃ.

‘‘Dhanuṃ advejjhaṃ katvāna, usuṃ sannayhahaṃ tadā;

Pupphaṃ savaṇṭaṃ chetvāna, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekapaññāsito kappe, eko āsiṃ jutindharo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā tattheva viharantassa therassa khīṇāsavabhāvaṃ ajānanto purimanayeneva māro mahantaṃ bheravasaddaṃ akāsi. Taṃ sutvā thero abhīto acchambhī ‘‘tādisānaṃ mārānaṃ satampi sahassampi mayhaṃ lomampi na kampetī’’ti aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘saddhāyāhaṃ pabbajito’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

46. Tattha saddhāyāti dhammacchandasamuṭṭhānāya kammaphalasaddhāya ceva ratanattayasaddhāya ca. Ahanti attānaṃ niddisati. Pabbajitoti upagato. Agārasmāti gehato gharāvāsato vā. Anagāriyanti pabbajjaṃ, sā hi yaṃkiñci kasivāṇijjādikammaṃ ‘agārassa hita’nti agāriyaṃ nāma, tadabhāvato ‘‘anagāriyā’’ti vuccati. Sati paññā ca me vuḍḍhāti saraṇalakkhaṇā sati, pajānanalakkhaṇā paññāti ime dhammā vipassanākkhaṇato paṭṭhāya maggapaṭipāṭiyā yāva arahattā me vuḍḍhā vaḍḍhitā, na dāni vaḍḍhetabbā atthi satipaññā vepullappattāti dasseti. Cittañca susamāhitanti aṭṭhasamāpattivasena ceva lokuttarasamādhivasena ca cittaṃ me suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ, na dāni tassa samādhātabbaṃ atthi, samādhi vepullappattoti dasseti. Tasmā kāmaṃ karassu rūpānīti pāpima maṃ uddissa yāni kānici vippakārāni yathāruciṃ karohi, tehi pana neva maṃ byādhayissasi mama sarīrakampanamattampi kātuṃ na sakkhissasi, kuto cittaññathattaṃ? Tasmā tava kiriyā appaṭicchitapahenakaṃ viya na kiñci atthaṃ sodheti, kevalaṃ tava cittavighātamattaphalāti thero māraṃ tajjesi. Taṃ sutvā māro ‘‘jānāti maṃ samaṇo’’ti tatthevantaradhāyi.

Samiddhittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Ujjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Namote buddha vīratthūti āyasmato ujjayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito dvānavute kappe tissaṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso kaṇikārapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe aññatarassa sottiyabrāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, ujjayotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto upanissayasampattiyā codiyamāno veḷuvanaṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.1-4) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;

Tissassa abhiropesiṃ, oghatiṇṇassa tādino.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pañcatiṃse ito kappe, aruṇapāṇīti vissuto;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīditvā bhagavato thomanākārena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘namo te buddha vīratthū’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

47. Tattha namoti paṇāmakittanaṃ. Teti paṇāmakiriyāya sampadānakittanaṃ, tuyhanti attho. Buddha vīrāti ca bhagavato ālapanaṃ. Bhagavā hi yathā abhiññeyyādibhedassa atthassa abhiññeyyādibhedena sayambhūñāṇena anavasesato buddhattā ‘‘buddho’’ti vuccati. Evaṃ pañcannampi mārānaṃ abhippamaddanavasena padahantena mahatā vīriyena samannāgatattā ‘‘vīro’’ti vuccati. Atthūti hotu, tassa ‘‘namo’’ti iminā sambandho. Vippamuttosi sabbadhīti sabbehi kilesehi sabbasmiñca saṅkhāragate vippamutto visaṃyutto asi bhavasi, na tayā kiñci avippamuttaṃ nāma atthi, yatohaṃ tuyhāpadāne viharaṃ, viharāmi anāsavoti tuyhaṃ tava apadāne ovāde gatamagge paṭipatticariyāya viharaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ paṭipajjanto kāmāsavādīnaṃ catunnampi āsavānaṃ suppahīnattā anāsavo viharāmi, tādisassa namo te buddha-vīratthūti.

Ujjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Sañjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yato ahanti āyasmato sañjayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahati pūge saṃkittivasena vatthuṃ saṅgharitvā ratanattayaṃ uddissa puññaṃ karonto sayaṃ daliddo hutvā nesaṃ gaṇādīnaṃ puññakiriyāya byāvaṭo ahosi. Kālena kālaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā pasannamānaso bhikkhūnañca taṃ taṃ veyyāvaccaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti sañjayo nāma nāmena, so vayappatto brahmāyupokkharasātiādike abhiññāte brāhmaṇe sāsane abhippasanne disvā sañjātappasādo satthāraṃ upasaṅkami. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpanno ahosi. Aparabhāge pabbaji. Pabbajanto ca khuraggeyeva chaḷabhiñño ahosī. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.10.51-55) –

‘‘Vipassissa bhagavato, mahāpūgagaṇo ahu;

Veyyāvaccakaro āsiṃ, sabbakiccesu vāvaṭo.

‘‘Deyyadhammo ca me natthi, sugatassa mahesino;

Avandiṃ satthuno pāde, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, veyyāvaccaṃ akāsahaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, veyyāvaccassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca aṭṭhame kappe, rājā āsiṃ sucintito;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘yato ahaṃ pabbajito’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

48. Tattha yato ahaṃ pabbajitoti yato pabhuti yato paṭṭhāya ahaṃ pabbajito. Pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya nābhijānāmi saṅkappaṃ, anariyaṃ dosasaṃhitanti rāgādidosasaṃhitaṃ tato eva anariyaṃ nihīnaṃ, ariyehi vā anaraṇīyatāya anariyehi araṇīyatāya ca anariyaṃ pāpakaṃ ārammaṇe abhūtaguṇādisaṅkappanato ‘‘saṅkappo’’ti laddhanāmaṃ kāmavitakkādimicchāvitakkaṃ uppāditaṃ nābhijānāmīti, ‘‘khuraggeyeva mayā arahattaṃ patta’’nti aññaṃ byākāsi.

Sañjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Rāmaṇeyyakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cihacihābhinaditeti āyasmato rāmaṇeyyakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsu eva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ ibbhakule nibbattitvā vayappatto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe sañjātappasādo pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharati. Tassa attano sampattiyā pabbajitasāruppāya ca paṭipattiyā pāsādikabhāvato rāmaṇeyyakotveva samaññā ahosi . Athekadivasaṃ māro theraṃ bhiṃsāpetukāmo bheravasaddaṃ akāsi. Taṃ sutvā thero thirapakatitāya tena asantasanto ‘‘māro aya’’nti ñatvā tattha anādaraṃ dassento ‘‘cihacihābhinadite’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

49. Tattha cihacihābhinaditeti cihacihāti abhiṇhaṃ pavattasaddatāya ‘‘cihacihā’’ti laddhanāmānaṃ vaṭṭakānaṃ abhinādanimittaṃ, viravahetūti attho. Sippikābhirutehi cāti sippikā vuccanti devakā paranāmakā gelaññena chātakisadārakākārā sākhāmigā. ‘‘Mahākalandakā’’ti keci, sippikānaṃ abhirutehi mahāviravehi, hetumhi cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ, taṃ hetūti attho. Na me taṃ phandati cittanti mama cittaṃ na phandati na cavati. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – imasmiṃ araññe viravahetu sippikābhirutahetu viya, pāpima, tava vissarakaraṇahetu mama cittaṃ kammaṭṭhānato na paripatatīti. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘ekattaniratañhi me’’ti. Hi-saddo hetu attho, yasmā mama cittaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya ekatte ekībhāve, bahiddhā vā vikkhepaṃ pahāya ekatte ekaggatāya, ekatte ekasabhāve vā nibbāne nirataṃ abhirataṃ, tasmā kammaṭṭhānato na phandati na cavatīti, imaṃ kira gāthaṃ vadanto eva thero vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.5-9) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo bhagavā, sataraṃsī patāpavā;

Caṅkamanaṃ samārūḷho, mettacitto sikhīsabho.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, vanditvā ñāṇamuttamaṃ;

Minelapupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekūnatiṃsakappamhi, sumeghaghananāmako;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.

Rāmaṇeyyakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Vimalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dharaṇīca siñcati vāti āyasmato vimalattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle saṅkhadhamanakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tasmiṃ sippe nipphattiṃ gato ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso saṅkhadhamanena pūjaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya kālena kālaṃ satthu upaṭṭhānaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle ‘‘anāgate me vimalo visuddho kāyo hotū’’ti bodhirukkhaṃ gandhodakehi nhāpesi, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇesu āsanāni dhovāpesi, bhikkhūnampi kiliṭṭhe samaṇaparikkhāre dhovāpesi.

So tato cavitvā devesu ca manussesu ca parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe ibbhakule nibbatti. Tassa mātukucchiyaṃ vasantassa nikkhamantassa ca kāyo pittasemhādīhi asaṃkiliṭṭho padumapalāse udakabindu viya alaggo pacchimabhavikabodhisattassa viya suvisuddho ahosi, tenassa vimalotveva nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto rājagahappavesane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā kosalaraṭṭhe pabbataguhāyaṃ viharati. Athekadivasaṃ cātuddīpikamahāmegho sakalaṃ cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ pattharitvā pāvassi. Vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyimhi buddhānaṃ cakkavattīnañca dharamānakāle eva kira evaṃ vassati. Ghammapariḷāhavūpasamato utusappāyalābhena therassa cittaṃ samāhitaṃ ahosi ekaggaṃ. So samāhitacitto tāvadeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.10.56-60) –

‘‘Vipassissa bhagavato, ahosiṃ saṅkhadhammako;

Niccupaṭṭhānayuttomhi, sugatassa mahesino.

‘‘Upaṭṭhānaphalaṃ passa, lokanāthassa tādino;

Saṭṭhi tūriyasahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, upaṭṭhahiṃ mahāisiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, upaṭṭhānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catuvīse ito kappe, mahānigghosanāmakā;

Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā katakiccatāya tuṭṭhamānaso udānaṃ udānento ‘‘dharaṇī ca siñcati vāti māluto’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

50. Tattha dharaṇīti pathavī, sā hi sakalaṃ dharādharaṃ dhāretīti ‘‘dharaṇī’’ti vuccati. Siñcatīti samantato nabhaṃ pūretvā abhippavassato mahāmeghassa vuṭṭhidhārāhi siñcati . Vāti mālutoti udakaphusitasammissatāya sītalo vāto vāyati. Vijjutā carati nabheti tattha tattha gajjatā gaḷagaḷāyatā mahāmeghato niccharantiyo sateratā ākāse ito cito ca vicaranti. Upasamanti vitakkāti utusappāyasiddhena samathavipassanādhigamena pubbabhāge tadaṅgādivasena vūpasantā hutvā kāmavitakkādayo sabbepi nava mahāvitakkā ariyamaggādhigamena upasamanti. Anavasesato samucchijjantīti. Vattamānasamīpatāya ariyamaggakkhaṇaṃ vattamānaṃ katvā vadati. Atītatthe vā etaṃ paccuppannavacanaṃ. Cittaṃ susamāhitaṃ mamāti tato eva lokuttarasamādhinā mama cittaṃ suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ, na dāni tassa samādhāne kiñci kātabbaṃ atthīti thero aññaṃ byākāsi.

Vimalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pañcamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Chaṭṭhavaggo

1. Godhikādicatuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vassatidevotiādikā catasso – godhiko, subāhu, valliyo, uttiyoti imesaṃ catunnaṃ therānaṃ gāthā. Kā uppatti? Imepi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinantā ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā aññamaññaṃ sahāyā hutvā vicariṃsu. Tesu eko siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā kaṭacchubhikkhaṃ adāsi. Dutiyo pasannacitto hutvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā añjaliṃ paggaṇhi. Tatiyo pasannacitto ekena pupphahatthena bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. Catuttho sumanapupphehi pūjamakāsi. Evaṃ te satthari cittaṃ pasādetvā pasutena tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā puna aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā sahāyakā hutvā sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle pāvāyaṃ catunnaṃ mallarājānaṃ puttā hutvā nibbattiṃsu. Tesaṃ godhiko, subāhu, valliyo, uttiyoti nāmāni akaṃsu. Aññamaññaṃ piyasahāyā ahesuṃ. Te kenacideva karaṇīyena kapilavatthuṃ agamaṃsu. Tasmiñca samaye satthā kapilavatthuṃ gantvā nigrodhārāme vasanto yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā suddhodanappamukhe sakyarājāno damesi. Tadā tepi cattāro mallarājaputtā pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā laddhappasādā pabbajitvā vipassanākammaṃ karontā nacirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.1-23) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;

Pavarā abhinikkhantaṃ, vanā nibbanamāgataṃ.

‘‘Kaṭacchubhikkhaṃ pādāsiṃ, siddhatthassa mahesino;

Paññāya upasantassa, mahāvīrassa tādino.

‘‘Padenānupadāyantaṃ, nibbāpente mahājanaṃ;

Uḷārā vitti me jātā, buddhe ādiccabandhune.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bhikkhādānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, mahāreṇusanāmakā;

Sattaratanasampannā, sattete cakkavattino.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Godhiko thero.

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, nisabhājāniyaṃ yathā;

Tidhāpabhinnaṃ mātaṅgaṃ, kuñjaraṃva mahesinaṃ.

‘‘Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, uḷurājaṃva pūritaṃ;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ apassahaṃ.

‘‘Ñāṇe cittaṃ pasādetvā, paggahetvāna añjaliṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, siddhatthamabhivādayiṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Tesattatimhito kappe, soḷasāsuṃ naruttamā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Subāhutthero.

‘‘Tivarāyaṃ nivāsīhaṃ, ahosiṃ māliko tadā;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, siddhatthaṃ lokapūjitaṃ.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, pupphahatthamadāsahaṃ;

Yattha yatthupapajjāmi, tassa kammassa vāhasā.

‘‘Anubhomi phalaṃ iṭṭhaṃ, pubbe sukatamattano;

Parikkhitto sumallehi, pupphadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutupādāya , ṭhapetvā vattamānakaṃ;

Pañcarājasatā tattha, najjasamasanāmakā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Valliyo thero.

‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, jātipupphamadāsahaṃ;

Pādesu satta pupphāni, hāsenokiritāni me.

‘‘Tena kammenahaṃ ajja, abhibhomi narāmare;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Samantagandhanāmāsuṃ, terasa cakkavattino;

Ito pañcamake kappe, cāturantā janādhipā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. (apa. thera 1.11.1-23);

Uttiyo thero.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ime cattāropi therā loke pākaṭā paññātā rājarājamahāmattehi sakkatā garukatā hutvā araññe saheva viharanti. Athekadā rājā bimbisāro te cattāro there rājagahaṃ upagate upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā temāsaṃ vassāvāsatthāya nimantetvā tesaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ kuṭikāyo kāretvā satisammosena na chādesi. Therā acchannāsu kuṭikāsu viharanti. Vassakāle devo na vassati. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇaṃ devo na vassatī’’ti cintento, taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā, tā kuṭikāyo chādāpetvā, mattikākammaṃ cittakammañca kārāpetvā, kuṭikāmahaṃ karonto mahato bhikkhusaṅghassa dānaṃ adāsi. Therā rañño anukampāya kuṭikāyo pavisitvā mettāsamāpattiyo samāpajjiṃsu. Athuttarapācīnadisato mahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā therānaṃ samāpattito vuṭṭhānakkhaṇeyeva vassituṃ ārabhi. Tesu godhikatthero samāpattito vuṭṭhāya saha meghagajjitena –

51.

‘‘Vassati devo yathā sugītaṃ, channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā;

Cittaṃ susamāhitañca mayhaṃ, atha ce patthayasi pavassa devā’’ti. –

Imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha vassatīti siñcati vuṭṭhidhāraṃ pavecchati. Devoti megho. Yathā sugītanti sundaragītaṃ viya gajjantoti adhippāyo. Megho hi vassanakāle satapaṭalasahassapaṭalo uṭṭhahitvā thanayanto vijjutā nicchārentova sobhati, na kevalo. Tasmā siniddhamadhuragambhīranigghoso vassati devoti dasseti. Tena saddato anupapīḷitaṃ āha ‘‘channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā’’ti. Yathā na devo vassati, evaṃ tiṇādīhi chāditā ayaṃ me kuṭikā, tena vuṭṭhivassena anupapīḷitaṃ āha. Paribhogasukhassa utusappāyautusukhassa ca sabbhāvato sukhā. Phusitaggaḷapihitavātapānatāhi vātaparissayarahitā. Ubhayenapi āvāsasappāyavasena anupapīḷitaṃ āha. Cittaṃ susamāhitañca mayhanti cittañca mama suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ anuttarasamādhinā nibbānārammaṇe suṭṭhu appitaṃ, etena abbhantaraparissayābhāvato appossukkataṃ dasseti. Atha ce patthayasīti atha idāni patthayasi ce, yadi icchasi. Pavassāti siñca udakaṃ pagghara vuṭṭhidhāraṃ paveccha. Devāti meghaṃ ālapati.

Godhikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Subāhuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā

52. Itarehi vuttagāthāsu tatiyapade eva viseso. Tattha subāhunā vuttagāthāyaṃ cittaṃ susamāhitañca kāyeti mama cittaṃ karajakāye kāyagatāsatibhāvanāvasena suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ sammadeva appitaṃ. Ayañhi thero kāyagatāsatibhāvanāvasena paṭiladdhajhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘cittaṃ susamāhitañca kāye’’ti.

Subāhuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

53. Valliyattheragāthāyaṃ tassaṃ viharāmi appamattoti tassaṃ kuṭikāyaṃ appamādapaṭipattiyā matthakaṃ pāpitattā appamatto ariyavihārūpasaṃhitena dibbavihārādisaṃhitena ca iriyāpathavihārena viharāmi, attabhāvaṃ pavattemīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā

4. Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

54. Uttiyattherena vuttagāthāyaṃ adutiyoti asahāyo, kilesasaṅgaṇikāya gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya ca virahitoti attho.

Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Catunnaṃ therānaṃ gāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Añjanavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Āsandiṃkuṭikaṃ katvāti āyasmato añjanavaniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle sudassano nāma mālākāro hutvā sumanapupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjetvā aññampi tattha tattha bahuṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Atha imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ vajjirājakule nibbattitvā tassa vayappattakāle vajjiraṭṭhe avuṭṭhibhayaṃ byādhibhayaṃ amanussabhayanti tīṇi bhayāni uppajjiṃsu . Taṃ sabbaṃ ratanasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (khu. pā. aṭṭha. ratanasuttavaṇṇanā; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ratanasuttavaṇṇanā) vuttanayena veditabbaṃ. Bhagavati pana vesāliṃ paviṭṭhe bhayesu ca vūpasantesu satthu dhammadesanāya sambahulānaṃ devamanussānaṃ dhammābhisamaye ca jāte ayaṃ rājakumāro buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Yathā cāyaṃ evaṃ anantaraṃ vuccamānā cattāropi janā. Tepi hi imassa sahāyabhūtā licchavirājakumārā evaṃ imināva nīhārena pabbajiṃsu. Kassapasambuddhakālepi sahāyā hutvā iminā saheva pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akaṃsu, padumuttarassapi bhagavato pādamūle kusalabījaropanādiṃ akaṃsūti. Tatthāyaṃ katapubbakicco sākete añjanavane susānaṭṭhāne vasanto upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya manussehi chaḍḍitaṃ jiṇṇakaṃ āsandiṃ labhitvā taṃ catūsu pāsāṇesu ṭhapetvā upari tiriyañca tiṇādīhi chādetvā dvāraṃ yojetvā vassaṃ upagato. Paṭhamamāseyeva ghaṭento vāyamanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.24-28) –

‘‘Sudassanoti nāmena, mālākāro ahaṃ tadā;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Jātipupphaṃ gahetvāna, pūjayiṃ padumuttaraṃ;

Visuddhacakkhu sumano, dibbacakkhuṃ samajjhagaṃ.

‘‘Etissā pupphapūjāya, cittassa paṇidhīhi ca;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, devuttarasanāmakā;

Chattiṃsamhi ito kappe, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento samāpattito vuṭṭhāya yathāladdhaṃ sampattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītivegena udānento ‘‘āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi .

55. Tattha āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ katvāti āsandī nāma dīghapādakaṃ caturassapīṭhaṃ, āyataṃ caturassampi atthiyeva, yattha nisīditumeva sakkā, na nipajjituṃ taṃ āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā vāsatthāya heṭṭhā vuttanayena kuṭikaṃ katvā yathā tattha nisinnassa utuparissayābhāvena sukhena samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ sakkā, evaṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā. Etena paramukkaṃsagataṃ senāsane attano appicchataṃ santuṭṭhiñca dasseti. Vuttampi cetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā –

‘‘Pallaṅkena nisinnassa, jaṇṇukenābhivassati;

Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’ti. (theragā. 985; mi. pa. 6.1.1);

Apare ‘‘āsandikuṭika’’nti pāṭhaṃ vatvā ‘‘āsandippamāṇaṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā’’ti atthaṃ vadanti. Aññe pana ‘‘āsananisajjādigate manusse uddissa mañcakassa upari katakuṭikā āsandī nāma, taṃ āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā’’ti atthaṃ vadanti. Oggayhāti ogāhetvā anupavisitvā. Añjanaṃ vananti evaṃnāmakaṃ vanaṃ, añjanavaṇṇapupphabhāvato hi añjanā vuccanti valliyo, tabbahulatāya taṃ vanaṃ ‘‘añjanavana’’nti nāmaṃ labhi. Apare pana ‘‘añjanā nāma mahāgacchā’’ti vadanti, taṃ añjanavanaṃ oggayha āsandikaṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsananti viharatā mayāti vacanaseseneva yojanā. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Añjanavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Kuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Kokuṭikāyanti āyasmato kuṭivihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato ākāsena gacchantassa ‘‘udakadānaṃ dassāmī’’ti sītalaṃ udakaṃ gahetvā pītisomanassajāto uddhammukho hutvā ukkhipi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ ākāse ṭhitova sampaṭicchi. So tena anappakaṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi. Sesaṃ añjanavaniyattherassa vatthumhi vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanaṃ anuyuñjanto sāyaṃ khettasamīpena gacchanto deve phusāyante khettapālakassa puññaṃ tiṇakuṭiṃ disvā pavisitvā tattha tiṇasanthārake nisīdi . Nisinnamattova utusappāyaṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.29-35) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase;

Ghatāsanaṃva jalitaṃ, ādittaṃva hutāsanaṃ.

‘‘Pāṇinā udakaṃ gayha, ākāse ukkhipiṃ ahaṃ;

Sampaṭicchi mahāvīro, buddho kāruṇiko isi.

‘‘Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, padumuttaranāmako;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Iminā dakadānena, pītiuppādanena ca;

Kappasatasahassampi, duggatiṃ nupapajjati.

‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.

‘‘Sahassarājanāmena, tayo te cakkavattino;

Pañcasaṭṭhikappasate, cāturantā janādhipā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā there tattha nisinne khettapālako āgantvā ‘‘ko kuṭikāya’’nti āha. Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘bhikkhu kuṭikāya’’ntiādimāha. Tayidaṃ khettapālassa therassa ca vacanaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā –

56.

‘‘Ko kuṭikāyaṃ bhikkhu kuṭikāyaṃ, vītarāgo susamāhitacitto;

Evaṃ jānāhi āvuso, amoghā te kuṭikā katā’’ti. –

Tathārūpena saṅgītiṃ āropitaṃ.

Tattha ko kuṭikāyanti, ‘‘imissaṃ kuṭikāyaṃ ko nisinno’’ti khettapālassa pucchāvacanaṃ. Tassa bhikkhu kuṭikāyanti therassa paṭivacanadānaṃ. Atha naṃ attano anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvato taṃ kuṭiparibhogaṃ anumodāpetvā uḷāraṃ tameva puññaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ ‘‘vītarāgo’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tassattho – eko bhinnakileso bhikkhu te kuṭikāyaṃ nisinno, tato eva so aggamaggena sabbaso samucchinnarāgatāya vītarāgo anuttarasamādhinā nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā suṭṭhu samāhitacittatāya susamāhitacitto, imañca atthaṃ, āvuso khettapāla, yathāhaṃ vadāmi, evaṃ jānāhi saddaha adhimuccassu. Amoghāte kuṭikā katā tayā katā kuṭikā amoghā avañjhā saphalā saudrayā, yasmā arahatā khīṇāsavena paribhuttā. Sace tvaṃ anumodasi, taṃ te bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti.

Taṃ sutvā khettapālo ‘‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me kuṭikāyaṃ ediso ayyo pavisitvā nisīdatī’’ti pasannacitto anumodanto aṭṭhāsi. Imaṃ pana tesaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā sutvā anumodanañcassa ñatvā tambhāviniṃ sampattiṃ vibhāvento khettapālaṃ imāhi gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –

‘‘Vihāsi kuṭiyaṃ bhikkhu, santacitto anāsavo;

Tena kammavipākena, devindo tvaṃ bhavissasi.

‘‘Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissasi;

Catuttiṃsakkhattuṃ cakkavattī, rājā raṭṭhe bhavissasi;

Ratanakuṭi nāma paccekabuddho, vītarāgo bhavissasī’’ti.

Kuṭikāyaṃ laddhavisesattā pana therassa tato pabhuti kuṭivihārītveva samaññā udapādi. Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi ahosīti.

Kuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Dutiyakuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ayamāhupurāṇiyāti āyasmato kuṭivihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato pasannamānaso pariḷāhakāle naḷavilīvehi viracitaṃ bījaniṃ adāsi. Taṃ satthā anumodanagāthāya sampahaṃsesi. Sesaṃ yadettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ añjanavaniyattheravatthumhi vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā aññatarāya purāṇakuṭikāya viharanto samaṇadhammaṃ acintetvā, ‘‘ayaṃ kuṭikā jiṇṇā, aññaṃ kuṭikaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti navakammavasena cittaṃ uppādesi. Tassa atthakāmā devatā saṃvegajananatthaṃ imaṃ uttānobhāsaṃ gambhīratthaṃ ‘‘ayamāhu’’ti gāthamāha.

57. Tattha ayanti āsannapaccakkhavacanaṃ. Āhūti ahosīti attho. Gāthāsukhatthañhi dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Purāṇiyāti purātanī addhagatā. Aññaṃ patthayase navaṃ kuṭinti imissā kuṭiyā purāṇabhāvena jiṇṇatāya ito aññaṃ idāni nibbattanīyatāya navaṃ kuṭiṃ patthayase patthesi āsīsasi. Sabbena sabbaṃ pana āsaṃ kuṭiyā virājaya purāṇiyaṃ viya navāyampi kuṭiyaṃ āsaṃ taṇhaṃ apekkhaṃ virājehi, sabbaso tattha virattacitto hohi. Kasmā? Yasmā dukkhā bhikkhu puna navā nāma kuṭi bhikkhu puna idāni nibbattiyamānā dukkhāvahattā dukkhā, tasmā aññaṃ navaṃ dukkhaṃ anuppādento yathānibbattāyaṃ purāṇiyaṃyeva kuṭiyaṃ ṭhatvā attanā katabbaṃ karohīti. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – tvaṃ, bhikkhu, ‘‘ayaṃ purāṇī tiṇakuṭikā jiṇṇā’’ti aññaṃ navaṃ tiṇakuṭikaṃ kātuṃ icchasi, na samaṇadhammaṃ, evaṃ icchanto pana bhāvanāya ananuyuñjanena punabbhavābhinibbattiyā anativattanato āyatiṃ attabhāvakuṭimpi patthento kātuṃ icchantoyeva nāma hoti. Sā pana navā tiṇakuṭi viya karaṇadukkhena tato bhiyyopi jarāmaraṇasokaparidevādidukkhasaṃsaṭṭhatāya dukkhā, tasmā tiṇakuṭiyaṃ viya attabhāvakuṭiyaṃ āsaṃ apekkhaṃ virājaya sabbaso tattha virattacitto hohi, evaṃ te vaṭṭadukkhaṃ na bhavissatīti. Devatāya ca vacanaṃ sutvā thero saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.36-46) –

‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa , lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;

Tiṇatthare nisinnassa, upasantassa tādino.

‘‘Naḷamālaṃ gahetvāna, bandhitvā bījaniṃ ahaṃ;

Buddhassa upanāmesiṃ, dvipadindassa tādino.

‘‘Paṭiggahetvā sabbaññū, bījaniṃ lokanāyako;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.

‘‘Yathā me kāyo nibbāti, pariḷāho na vijjati;

Tatheva tividhaggīhi, cittaṃ tava vimuccatu.

‘‘Sabbe devā samāgacchuṃ, ye keci vananissitā;

Sossāma buddhavacanaṃ, hāsayantañca dāyakaṃ.

‘‘Nisinno bhagavā tattha, devasaṅghapurakkhato;

Dāyakaṃ sampahaṃsento, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Iminā bījanidānena, cittassa paṇidhīhi ca;

Subbato nāma nāmena, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Tena kammāvasesena, sukkamūlena codito;

Māluto nāma nāmena, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Iminā bījanidānena, sammānavipulena ca;

Kappasatasahassampi, duggatiṃ nupapajjati.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, subbatā aṭṭhatiṃsa te;

Ekūnatiṃsasahasse, aṭṭha mālutanāmakā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahatte pana patiṭṭhito ‘‘ayaṃ me arahattappattiyā aṅkusabhūtā’’ti tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Sāyeva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi. Kuṭiovādena laddhavisesattā cassa kuṭivihārītveva samaññā ahosīti.

Dutiyakuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Ramaṇīyakuṭikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ramaṇīyāme kuṭikāti āyasmato ramaṇīyakuṭikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kusalabījaropanaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake atthadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto buddhārahaṃ āsanaṃ bhagavato adāsi. Pupphehi ca bhagavantaṃ pūjetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Sesaṃ añjanavaniyattherassa vatthumhi vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vajjiraṭṭhe aññatarasmiṃ gāmakāvāse kuṭikāyaṃ viharati, sā hoti kuṭikā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā suparikammakatabhittibhūmikā ārāmapokkharaṇirāmaṇeyyādisampannā muttājālasadisavālikākiṇṇabhūmibhāgā therassa ca vattasampannatāya susammaṭṭhaṅgaṇatādinā bhiyyosomattāya ramaṇīyatarā hutvā tiṭṭhati. So tattha viharanto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.47-52) –

‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamoggayha, appasaddaṃ nirākulaṃ;

Sīhāsanaṃ mayā dinnaṃ, atthadassissa tādino.

‘‘Mālāhatthaṃ gahetvāna, katvā ca naṃ padakkhiṇaṃ;

Satthāraṃ payirupāsitvā, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.

‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Sannibbāpemi attānaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā.

‘‘Aṭṭhārasakappasate, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, sīhāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito sattakappasate, sannibbāpakakhattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā there tattha viharante kuṭikāya ramaṇīyabhāvato vihārapekkhakā manussā tato tato āgantvā kuṭiṃ passanti . Athekadivasaṃ katipayā dhuttajātikā itthiyo tattha gatā kuṭikāya ramaṇīyabhāvaṃ disvā, ‘‘ettha vasanto ayaṃ samaṇo siyā amhehi ākaḍḍhanīyahadayo’’ti adhippāyena – ‘‘ramaṇīyaṃ vo, bhante, vasanaṭṭhānaṃ. Mayampi ramaṇīyarūpā paṭhamayobbane ṭhitā’’ti vatvā itthikuttādīni dassetuṃ ārabhiṃsu. Thero attano vītarāgabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘ramaṇīyā me kuṭikā, saddhādeyyā manoramā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

58. Tattha ramaṇīyā me kuṭikāti ‘‘ramaṇīyā te, bhante, kuṭikā’’ti yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ saccaṃ. Ayaṃ mama vasanakuṭikā ramaṇīyā manuññarūpā, sā ca kho saddhādeyyā, ‘‘evarūpāya manāpaṃ katvā pabbajitānaṃ dinnāya idaṃ nāma phalaṃ hotī’’ti kammaphalāni saddahitvā saddhāya dhammacchandena dātabbattā saddhādeyyā, na dhanena nibbattitā. Sayañca tathādinnāni saddhādeyyāni passantānaṃ paribhuñjantānañca mano rametīti manoramā. Saddhādeyyattā eva hi manoramā, saddhādīhi deyyadhammaṃ sakkaccaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā denti, saddhādeyyañca paribhuñjantā sappurisā dāyakassa avisaṃvādanatthampi payogāsayasampannā honti, na tumhehi cintitākārena payogāsayavipannāti adhippāyo. Na me attho kumārīhīti yasmā sabbaso kāmehi vinivattitamānaso ahaṃ, tasmā na me attho kumārīhi. Kappiyakārakakammavasenapi hi mādisānaṃ itthīhi payojanaṃ nāma natthi, pageva rāgavasena, tasmā na me attho kumārīhīti. Kumāriggahaṇañcettha upalakkhaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Mādisassa nāma santike evaṃ paṭipajjāhīti ayuttakārinīhi yāva aparaddhañca tumhehi samānajjhāsayānaṃ purato ayaṃ kiriyā sobheyyāti dassento āha ‘‘yesaṃ attho tahiṃ gacchatha nāriyo’’ti. Tattha yesanti kāmesu avītarāgānaṃ. Atthoti payojanaṃ. Tahinti tattha tesaṃ santikaṃ. Nāriyoti ālapanaṃ. Taṃ sutvā itthiyo maṅkubhūtā pattakkhandhā āgatamaggeneva gatā. Ettha ca ‘‘na me attho kumārīhī’’ti kāmehi anatthikabhāvavacaneneva therena arahattaṃ byākatanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Ramaṇīyakuṭikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Kosalavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Saddhāyāhaṃpabbajitoti āyasmato kosalavihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kusalabījaṃ ropetvā taṃ taṃ puññaṃ akāsi. Sesaṃ añjanavaniyattheravatthusadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kosalaraṭṭhe aññatarasmiṃ gāme ekaṃ upāsakakulaṃ nissāya araññe viharati, taṃ so upāsako rukkhamūle vasantaṃ disvā kuṭikaṃ kāretvā adāsi. Thero kuṭikāyaṃ viharanto āvāsasappāyena samādhānaṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.53-61) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, vasāmi paṇṇasanthare;

Ghāsesu gedhamāpanno, seyyasīlo cahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Khaṇantālukalambāni , biḷālitakkalāni ca;

Kolaṃ bhallātakaṃ billaṃ, āhatvā paṭiyāditaṃ.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Upāgataṃ mahānāgaṃ, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Biḷāliṃ paggahetvāna, pattamhi okiriṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Paribhuñji mahāvīro, tosayanto mamaṃ tadā;

Paribhuñjitvāna sabbaññū, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.

‘‘Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, biḷāliṃ me adā tuvaṃ;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjasi.

‘‘Carimaṃ vattate mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Catupaññāsito kappe, sumekhaliya savhayo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhappaṭisaṃvedanena uppannapītivegena udānento ‘‘saddhāyāhaṃ pabbajito’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

59. Tattha saddhāyāti bhagavato vesāliṃ upagamane ānubhāvaṃ disvā, ‘‘ekantaniyyānikaṃ idaṃ sāsanaṃ, tasmā addhā imāya paṭipattiyā jarāmaraṇato muccissāmī’’ti uppannasaddhāvasena pabbajito pabbajjaṃ upagato. Araññe me kuṭikā katāti tassā pabbajjāya anurūpavasena araññe vasato me kuṭikā katā, pabbajjānurūpaṃ āraññako hutvā vūpakaṭṭho viharāmīti dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘appamatto ca ātāpī, sampajāno patissato’’ti. Araññavāsaladdhena kāyavivekena jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjanto tattha satiyā avippavāsena appamatto, āraddhavīriyatāya ātāpī, pubbabhāgiyasatisampajaññapāripūriyā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattādhigamena paññāsativepullappattiyā accantameva sampajāno patissato viharāmīti attho. Appamattabhāvādikittane cassa idameva aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi kosalaraṭṭhe ciranivāsibhāvena pana kosalavihārīti samaññā jātāti.

Kosalavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Sīvalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Teme ijjhiṃsu saṅkappāti āyasmato sīvalittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ lābhīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti dasabalaṃ nimantetvā sattāhaṃ satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ datvā ‘‘bhagavā ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena aññaṃ sampattiṃ na patthemi, anāgate pana ekabuddhassa sāsane ahampi tumhehi so etadagge ṭhapitabhikkhu viya lābhīnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā anantarāyaṃ disvā – ‘‘ayaṃ te patthanā anāgate gotamabuddhassa santike samijjhissatī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi. Sopi kulaputto yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto vipassībuddhakāle bandhumatīnagarato avidūre ekasmiṃ gāmake paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tasmiṃ samaye bandhumatīnagaravāsino raññā saddhiṃ sākacchitvā dasabalassa dānaṃ denti. Te ekadivasaṃ sabbeva ekato hutvā dānaṃ dentā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho amhākaṃ dānamukhe natthī’’ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.207) madhuñca guḷadadhiñca na addasaṃsu. Te ‘‘yato kutoci āharissāmā’’ti janapadato nagarapavisanamagge purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ. Tadā esa kulaputto attano gāmato guḷadadhivārakaṃ gahetvā, ‘‘kiñcideva āharissāmī’’ti nagaraṃ gacchanto, ‘‘mukhaṃ dhovitvā dhotahatthapādo pavisissāmī’’ti phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ olokento naṅgalasīsamattaṃ nimmakkhikaṃ daṇḍakamadhuṃ disvā ‘‘puññena me idaṃ uppanna’’nti gahetvā nagaraṃ pāvisi. Nāgarehi ṭhapitapuriso taṃ disvā, ‘‘bho purisa, kassimaṃ āharasī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Na kassaci, sāmi, vikkiṇituṃ pana me idaṃ ābhata’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho, idaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ gahetvā etaṃ madhuñca guḷadadhiñca dehī’’ti. So cintesi – ‘‘idaṃ na bahumūlaṃ, ayañca ekappahāreneva bahuṃ deti, vīmaṃsituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Tato naṃ ‘‘nāhaṃ ekena kahāpaṇena demī’’ti āha. ‘‘Yadi evaṃ dve gahetvā dehī’’ti. ‘‘Dvīhipi na demī’’ti. Etenupāyena vaḍḍhetvā sahassaṃ pāpuṇi.

So cintesi – ‘‘ativaḍḍhituṃ na vaṭṭati, hotu tāva iminā kattabbakiccaṃ pucchissāmī’’ti. Atha naṃ āha – ‘‘idaṃ na bahuṃ agghanakaṃ, tvañca bahuṃ desi, kena kammena idaṃ gaṇhāsī’’ti. ‘‘Idha, bho, nagaravāsino raññā saddhiṃ paṭivirujjhitvā vipassīdasabalassa dānaṃ dentā idaṃ dvayaṃ dānamukhe apassantā pariyesanti, sace idaṃ dvayaṃ na labhissanti, nāgarānaṃ parājayo bhavissati, tasmā sahassaṃ katvā gaṇhāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panetaṃ nāgarānameva vaṭṭati, aññesaṃ dātuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti. ‘‘Yassa kassaci dātuṃ avāritameta’’nti. ‘‘Atthi pana koci nāgarānaṃ dāne ekadivasaṃ sahassaṃ dātā’’ti? ‘‘Natthi, sammā’’ti. ‘‘Imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ sahassagghanakabhāvaṃ jānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Āma, jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi gaccha, nāgarānaṃ ācikkha ‘eko puriso imāni dve mūlena na deti sahattheneva dātukāmo, tumhe imesaṃ dvinnaṃ kāraṇā nibbitakkā hothā’ti, tvaṃ pana me imasmiṃ dānamukhe jeṭṭhakabhāvassa kāyasakkhī hohī’’ti. So paribbayatthaṃ gahitamāsakena pañcakaṭukaṃ gahetvā cuṇṇaṃ katvā dadhito kañjiyaṃ gahetvā tattha madhupaṭalaṃ pīḷetvā pañcakaṭukacuṇṇena yojetvā ekasmiṃ paduminipatte pakkhipitvā taṃ saṃvidahitvā ādāya dasabalassa avidūraṭṭhāne nisīdi mahājanena āhariyamānassa sakkārassa avidūre attano pattavāraṃ olokayamāno, so okāsaṃ ñatvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhagavā ayaṃ uppannaduggatapaṇṇākāro, imaṃ me anukampaṃ paṭicca paṭiggaṇhathāti. Satthā tassa anukampaṃ paṭicca catumahārājadattiyena selamayapattena taṃ paṭiggahetvā yathā aṭṭhasaṭṭhiyā bhikkhusatasahassassa diyyamānaṃ na khīyati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. So kulaputto niṭṭhitabhattakiccaṃ bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ ṭhito āha – ‘‘diṭṭho me, bhagavā, ajja bandhumatīnagaravāsikehi tumhākaṃ sakkāro āhariyamāno, ahampi imassa kammassa nissandena nibbattanibbattabhave lābhaggayasaggappatto bhaveyya’’nti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.207). Satthā, ‘‘evaṃ hotu, kulaputtā’’ti vatvā tassa ca nagaravāsīnañca bhattānumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi.

Sopi kulaputto yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde suppavāsāya rājadhītāya kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya sāyaṃ pātañca paṇṇākārasatāni sakaṭenādāya suppavāsāya upanīyanti. Atha naṃ puññavīmaṃsanatthaṃ hatthena bījapacchiṃ phusāpenti. Ekekabījato salākasatampi salākasahassampi niggacchati. Ekekakarīsakhette paṇṇāsampi saṭṭhipi sakaṭappamāṇāni uppajjanti. Koṭṭhe pūraṇakālepi koṭṭhadvāraṃ hatthena phusāpenti. Rājadhītāya puññena gaṇhantānaṃ gahitagahitaṭṭhānaṃ puna pūrati. Paripuṇṇabhattabhājanatopi ‘‘rājadhītāya puñña’’nti vatvā yassa kassaci dentānaṃ yāva na ukkaḍḍhanti, na tāva bhattaṃ khīyati, dārake kucchigateyeva sattavassāni atikkamiṃsu.

Gabbhe pana paripakke sattāhaṃ mahādukkhaṃ anubhosi. Sā sāmikaṃ āmantetvā, ‘‘pure maraṇā jīvamānāva dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti satthu santikaṃ pesesi – ‘‘gaccha, imaṃ pavattiṃ satthu ārocetvā satthāraṃ nimantehi, yañca satthā vadeti, taṃ sādhukaṃ upalakkhetvā āgantvā mayhaṃ kathehī’’ti. So gantvā tassā sāsanaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Satthā, ‘‘sukhinī hotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā arogā, arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū’’ti (udā. 18) āha. Rājā taṃ sutvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā attano gāmābhimukho pāyāsi. Tassa pure āgamanāyeva suppavāsāya kucchito dhamakaraṇā udakaṃ viya gabbho nikkhami, parivāretvā nisinnajano assumukhova hasituṃ āraddho tuṭṭhapahaṭṭho mahājano rañño sāsanaṃ ārocetuṃ agamāsi.

Rājā tesaṃ āgamanaṃ disvāva, ‘‘dasabalena kathitakathā nipphannā bhavissati maññe’’ti cintesi. So āgantvā satthu sāsanaṃ rājadhītāya ārocesi. Rājadhītā tayā nimantitaṃ jīvitabhattameva maṅgalabhattaṃ bhavissati, gaccha sattāhaṃ dasabalaṃ nimantehīti. Rājā tathā akāsi. Sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ pavattayiṃsu. Dārako sabbesaṃ ñātīnaṃ santattaṃ cittaṃ nibbāpento jātoti sīvalidārakotvevassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So sattavassāni gabbhe vasitattā jātakālato paṭṭhāya sabbakammakkhamo ahosi. Dhammasenāpati sāriputto sattame divase tena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpaṃ akāsi. Satthāpi dhammapade gāthaṃ abhāsi –

‘‘Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā;

Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, anejo akathaṃkathī;

Anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti. (dha. pa. 414);

Atha naṃ thero evamāha – ‘‘kiṃ pana tayā evarūpaṃ dukkharāsiṃ anubhavitvā pabbajituṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti? ‘‘Labhamāno pabbajeyyaṃ, bhante’’ti. Suppavāsā naṃ dārakaṃ therena saddhiṃ kathentaṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho me putto dhammasenāpatinā saddhiṃ kathetī’’ti theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi – ‘‘mayhaṃ putto tumhehi saddhiṃ kiṃ katheti, bhante’’ti? ‘‘Attanā anubhūtaṃ gabbhavāsadukkhaṃ kathetvā, ‘tumhehi anuññāto pabbajissāmī’ti vadatī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu , bhante, pabbājetha na’’nti. Thero taṃ vihāraṃ netvā tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā pabbājento ‘‘sīvali, na tuyhaṃ aññena ovādena kammaṃ atthi, tayā satta vassāni anubhūtadukkhameva paccavekkhāhī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, pabbājanameva tumhākaṃ bhāro, yaṃ pana mayā kātuṃ sakkā, tamahaṃ jānissāmī’’ti. So pana paṭhamakesavaṭṭiyā ohāraṇakkhaṇeyeva sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, dutiyāya ohāraṇakkhaṇe sakadāgāmiphale, tatiyāya anāgāmiphale sabbesaṃyeva pana kesānaṃ oropanañca arahattasacchikiriyā ca apacchā apurimā ahosi. Tassa pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhusaṅghassa cattāro paccayā yāvaticchakaṃ uppajjanti. Evaṃ ettha vatthu samuṭṭhitaṃ.

Aparabhāge satthā sāvatthiṃ agamāsi. Thero satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, ‘‘bhante, mayhaṃ puññaṃ vīmaṃsissāmi, pañca me bhikkhusatāni dethā’’ti āha. ‘‘Gaṇha sīvalī’’ti. So pañcasate bhikkhū gahetvā himavantābhimukhaṃ gacchanto aṭavimaggaṃ gacchati, tassa paṭhamaṃ diṭṭhanigrodhe adhivatthā devatā sattadivasāni dānaṃ adāsi. Iti so –

‘‘Nigrodhaṃ paṭhamaṃ passi, dutiyaṃ paṇḍavapabbataṃ;

Tatiyaṃ aciravatiyaṃ, catutthaṃ varasāgaraṃ.

‘‘Pañcamaṃ himavantaṃ so, chaṭṭhaṃ chaddantupāgami;

Sattamaṃ gandhamādanaṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ atha revata’’nti.

Sabbaṭṭhānesu satta satta divasāneva dānaṃ adaṃsu. Gandhamādanapabbate pana nāgadattadevarājā nāma sattasu divasesu ekadivase khīrapiṇḍapātaṃ adāsi, ekadivase sappipiṇḍapātaṃ. Bhikkhusaṅgho āha – ‘‘imassa devarañño neva dhenuyo duyhamānā paññāyanti, na dadhinimmathanaṃ , kuto te devarāja idaṃ uppajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante kassapadasabalassa kāle khīrasalākabhattadānassetaṃ phala’’nti devarājā āha. Aparabhāge satthā khadiravaniyarevatassa paccuggamanaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ attano sāsane lābhaggayasaggappattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.

Evaṃ lābhaggayasaggappattassa pana imassa therassa arahattappattiṃ ekacce ācariyā evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘heṭṭhā vuttanayena dhammasenāpatinā ovāde dinne yaṃ mayā kātuṃ sakkā, tamahaṃ jānissāmīti pabbajitvā vipassanākammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā taṃ divasaṃyeva aññataraṃ vivittaṃ kuṭikaṃ disvā taṃ pavisitvā mātukucchismiṃ satta vassāni attanā anubhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ anussaritvā tadanusārena atītānāgate tassa avekkhantassa ādittā viya tayo bhavā upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā vipassanāvīthiṃ otari, tāvadeva maggappaṭipāṭiyā sabbepi āsave khepento arahattaṃ pāpuṇī’’ti. Ubhayathāpi therassa arahattappattiyeva pakāsitā. Thero pana pabhinnapaṭisambhido chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.31-39) –

‘‘Varuṇo nāma nāmena, devarājā ahaṃ tadā;

Upaṭṭhahesiṃ sambuddhaṃ, sayoggabalavāhano.

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;

Tūriyaṃ sabbamādāya, agamaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.

‘‘Vāditena ca naccena, sammatāḷasamāhito;

Sammukhā viya sambuddhaṃ, upaṭṭhiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.

‘‘Upaṭṭhahitvā taṃ bodhiṃ, dharaṇīruhapādapaṃ;

Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Sakakammābhiraddhohaṃ, pasanno bodhimuttame;

Tena cittappasādena, nimmānaṃ upapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā;

Manussesu ca devesu, vattamānaṃ bhavābhave.

‘‘Tividhaggī nibbutā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Subāhū nāma nāmena, catuttiṃsāsu khattiyā;

Sattaratanasampannā, pañcakappasate ito.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedanena pītivegena udānento ‘‘te me ijjhiṃsu saṅkappā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

60. Tattha te me ijjhiṃsu saṅkappā, yadattho pāvisiṃ kuṭiṃ, vijjāvimuttiṃ paccesanti ye pubbe mayā kāmasaṅkappādīnaṃ samucchedakarā nekkhammasaṅkappādayo abhipatthitāyeva ‘‘kadā nu khvāhaṃ tadāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharissāmi, yadariyā etarahi upasampajja viharantī’’ti, vimuttādhippāyasaññitā vimuttiṃ uddissa saṅkappā manorathā abhiṇhaso appamattā yadattho yaṃpayojano yesaṃ nipphādanatthaṃ kuṭiṃ suññāgāraṃ vipassituṃ pāvisiṃ tisso vijjā phalavimuttiñca paccesanto, gavesanto te me ijjhiṃsu te sabbeva idāni mayhaṃ ijjhiṃsu samijjhiṃsu, nipphannakusalasaṅkappo paripuṇṇamanoratho jātoti attho. Tesaṃ samiddhabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘mānānusayamujjaha’’nti vuttaṃ. Yasmā mānānusayamujjahaṃ pajahiṃ samucchindiṃ, tasmā te me saṅkappā ijjhiṃsūti yojanā. Mānānusaye hi pahīne appahīno nāma anusayo natthi, arahattañca adhigatameva hotīti mānānusayappahānaṃ yathāvuttasaṅkappasamiddhiyā kāraṇaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.

Sīvalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Chaṭṭhavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Sattamavaggo

1. Vappattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Passatipassoti āyasmato vappattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ‘‘asuko ca asuko ca thero satthu paṭhamaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakā ahesu’’nti thomanaṃ sutvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi – ‘‘ahampi bhagavā anāgate tādisassa sammāsambuddhassa paṭhamaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakānaṃ aññataro bhaveyya’’nti, satthu santike saraṇagamanañca pavedesi. So yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devamanussesuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ vāseṭṭhassa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, vappotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So asitena isinā ‘‘siddhatthakumāro sabbaññū bhavissatī’’ti byākato koṇḍaññappamukhehi brāhmaṇaputtehi saddhiṃ gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā ‘‘tasmiṃ sabbaññutaṃ patte tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā amataṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti uruvelāyaṃ viharantaṃ mahāsattaṃ chabbassāni padhānaṃ padahantaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā oḷārikāhāraparibhogena nibbijjitvā isipatanaṃ gato. Abhisambujjhitvā satthārā sattasattāhāni vītināmetvā isipatanaṃ gantvā dhammacakke pavattite pāṭipadadivase sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhito pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa aññāsikoṇḍaññādīhi saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.20-30) –

‘‘Ubhinnaṃ devarājūnaṃ, saṅgāmo samupaṭṭhito;

Ahosi samupabyūḷho, mahāghoso avattatha.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, saṃvejesi mahājanaṃ.

‘‘Sabbe devā attamanā, nikkhittakavacāvudhā;

Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, ekaggāsiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Mayhaṃ saṅkappamaññāya, vācāsabhimudīrayi;

Anukampako lokavidū, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ.

‘‘Paduṭṭhacitto manujo, ekapāṇaṃ viheṭhayaṃ;

Tena cittappadosena, apāyaṃ upapajjati.

‘‘Saṅgāmasīse nāgova, bahū pāṇe viheṭhayaṃ;

Nibbāpetha sakaṃ cittaṃ, mā haññittho punappunaṃ.

‘‘Dvinnampi yakkharājūnaṃ, senā sā vimhitā ahu;

Saraṇañca upāgacchuṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ sutādinaṃ.

‘‘Saññāpetvāna janataṃ, padamuddhari cakkhumā;

Pekkhamānova devehi, pakkāmi uttarāmukho.

‘‘Paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchiṃ, dvipadindassa tādino;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Mahādundubhināmā ca, soḷasāsuṃ rathesabhā;

Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, rājāno cakkavattino.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā paṭiladdhasampattiṃ paccavekkhaṇamukhena satthu guṇamahantataṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma satthāraṃ bāhulikādivādena samudācarimha. Aho puthujjanabhāvo nāma andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo ariyabhāvoyeva cakkhukaraṇo’’ti dassento ‘‘passati passo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

61. Tattha passati passoti passati sammādiṭṭhiyā dhamme aviparītaṃ jānāti bujjhatīti passo, dassanasampanno ariyo, so passantaṃ aviparītadassāviṃ ‘‘ayaṃ aviparītadassāvī’’ti passati paññācakkhunā dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato jānāti. Na kevalaṃ passantameva, atha kho apassantañca passati, yo paññācakkhuvirahito dhamme yathāsabhāvato na passati, tampi apassantaṃ puthujjanaṃ ‘‘andho vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ acakkhuko’’ti attano paññācakkhunā passati. Apassanto apassantaṃ, passantañca na passatīti apassanto paññācakkhurahito andhabālo tādisaṃ andhabālaṃ ayaṃ dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato na passatīti yathā apassantaṃ na passati na jānāti, evaṃ attano paññācakkhunā dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato passantañca paṇḍitaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ evaṃvidho’’ti na passati na jānāti, tasmā ahampi pubbe dassanarahito sakalaṃ ñeyyaṃ hatthāmalakaṃ viya passantaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantampi pūraṇādiṃ yathāsabhāvato na passiṃ, idāni pana buddhānubhāvena sampanno ubhayepi yathāsabhāvato passāmīti sevitabbāsevitabbesu attano aviparītapaṭipattiṃ dasseti.

Vappattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ekakāmayaṃ araññeti āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāgapupphakesarehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde amaccakule nibbatti, vajjiputtotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vesāliyā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe viharati. Tena ca samayena vesāliyaṃ ussavo ahosi. Tattha tattha naccagītavāditaṃ pavattati, mahājano haṭṭhatuṭṭho ussavasampattiṃ paccanubhoti, taṃ sutvā so bhikkhu ayoniso ummujjanto vivekaṃ vajjamāno kammaṭṭhānaṃ vissajjetvā attano anabhiratiṃ pakāsento –

‘‘Ekakā mayaṃ araññe viharāma, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;

Etādisikāya rattiyā, ko su nāma amhehi pāpiyo’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Taṃ sutvā vanasaṇḍe adhivatthā devatā taṃ bhikkhuṃ anukampamānā ‘‘yadipi, tvaṃ bhikkhu, araññavāsaṃ hīḷento vadasi, vivekakāmā pana viddasuno taṃ bahu maññantiyevā’’ti imamatthaṃ dassentī –

‘‘Ekako tvaṃ araññe viharasi, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;

Tassa te bahukā pihayanti, nerayikā viya saggagāmina’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ vatvā, ‘‘kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, bhikkhu, niyyānike sammāsambuddhassa sāsane pabbajitvā aniyyānikaṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkessasī’’ti santajjentī saṃvejesi . Evaṃ so bhikkhu tāya devatāya saṃvejito kasābhihato viya bhadro assājānīyo vipassanāvīthiṃ otaritvā nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.62-66) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, sataraṃsiṃva bhāṇumaṃ;

Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, uḷurājaṃva pūritaṃ.

‘‘Purakkhataṃ sāvakehi, sāgareheva medaniṃ;

Nāgaṃ paggayha reṇūhi, vipassissābhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ reṇumabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṇṇatālīsito kappe, reṇu nāmāsi khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘ayaṃ me arahattappattiyā aṅkuso jāto’’ti attano devatāya ca vuttanayaṃ saṃkaḍḍhitvā –

62.

‘‘Ekakā mayaṃ araññe viharāma, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;

Tassa me bahukā pihayanti, nerayikā viya saggagāmina’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tassattho – anapekkhabhāvena vane chaḍḍitadārukkhaṇḍaṃ viya yadipi mayaṃ ekakā ekākino asahāyā imasmiṃ araññe viharāma, evaṃ viharato pana tassa me bahukā pihayanti maṃ bahū atthakāmarūpā kulaputtā abhipatthenti, ‘‘aho vatassa mayampi vajjiputtatthero viya gharabandhanaṃ pahāya araññe vihareyyāmā’’ti. Yathā kiṃ? Nerayikā viya saggagāminaṃ, yathā nāma nerayikā attano pāpakammena niraye nibbattasattā saggagāmīnaṃ saggūpagāmīnaṃ pihayanti – ‘‘aho vata mayampi nirayadukkhaṃ pahāya saggasukhaṃ paccanubhaveyyāmā’’ti evaṃsampadamidanti attho. Ettha ca attani garubahuvacanappayogassa icchitabbattā ‘‘ekakā mayaṃ viharāmā’’ti puna tassa atthassa ekattaṃ sandhāya ‘‘tassa me’’ti ekavacanappayogo kato. ‘‘Tassa me’’, ‘‘saggagāmina’’nti ca ubhayampi ‘pihayantī’ti padaṃ apekkhitvā upayogatthe sampadānaniddeso daṭṭhabbo. Taṃ abhipatthentīti ca tādise araññavāsādiguṇe abhipatthentā nāma hontīti katvā vuttaṃ. Tassa meti vā tassa mama santike guṇeti adhippāyo.

Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Pakkhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cutāpatantīti āyasmato pakkhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito ekanavute kappe yakkhasenāpati hutvā vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso dibbavatthena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakkesu devadahanigame sākiyarājakule nibbatti, ‘‘sammodakumāro’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Athassa daharakāle vātarogena pādā na vahiṃsu. So katipayaṃ kālaṃ pīṭhasappī viya vicari. Tenassa pakkhoti samaññā jātā. Pacchā arogakālepi tatheva naṃ sañjānanti, so bhagavato ñātisamāgame pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharati. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisituṃ gacchanto antarāmagge aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Tasmiñca samaye aññataro kulalo maṃsapesiṃ ādāya ākāsena gacchati, taṃ bahū kulalā anupatitvā pātesuṃ. Pātitaṃ maṃsapesiṃ eko kulalo aggahesi. Taṃ añño acchinditvā gaṇhi, taṃ disvā thero ‘‘yathāyaṃ maṃsapesi, evaṃ kāmā nāma bahusādhāraṇā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā’’ti – kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ‘‘anicca’’ntiādinā manasikaronto piṇḍāya caritvā katabhattakicco divāṭṭhāne nisīditvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.1-10) –

‘‘Vipassī nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Aṭṭhasaṭṭhisahassehi, pāvisi bandhumaṃ tadā.

‘‘Nagarā abhinikkhamma, agamaṃ dīpacetiyaṃ;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ.

‘‘Cullāsītisahassāni, yakkhā mayhaṃ upantike;

Upaṭṭhahanti sakkaccaṃ, indaṃva tidasā gaṇā.

‘‘Bhavanā abhinikkhamma, dussaṃ paggayhahaṃ tadā;

Sirasā abhivādesiṃ, tañcādāsiṃ mahesino.

‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;

Buddhassa ānubhāvena, vasudhāyaṃ pakampatha.

‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Buddhe cittaṃ pasādemi, dvipadindamhi tādine.

‘‘Sohaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, dussaṃ datvāna satthuno;

Saraṇañca upāgacchiṃ, sāmacco saparijjano.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito pannarase kappe, soḷasāsuṃ suvāhanā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā yadeva saṃvegavatthuṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā aññā adhigatā, tassa saṃkittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘cutā patantī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

63. Tattha cutāti bhaṭṭhā. Patantīti anupatanti. Patitāti cavanavasena bhūmiyaṃ patitā, ākāse vā sampatanavasena patitā. Giddhāti gedhaṃ āpannā . Punarāgatāti punadeva upagatā. Ca-saddo sabbattha yojetabbo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – patanti anupatanti ca idha kulalā, itarassa mukhato cutā ca maṃsapesi, cutā pana sā bhūmiyaṃ patitā ca, giddhā gedhaṃ āpannā sabbeva kulalā punarāgatā. Yathā cime kulalā, evaṃ saṃsāre paribbhamantā sattā ye kusaladhammato cutā, te patanti nirayādīsu, evaṃ patitā ca, sampattibhave ṭhitā tattha kāmasukhānuyogavasena kāmabhave rūpārūpabhavesu ca bhavanikantivasena giddhā ca punarāgatā bhavato aparimuttattā tena tena bhavagāminā kammena taṃ taṃ bhavasaññitaṃ dukkhaṃ āgatā eva, evaṃbhūtā ime sattā. Mayā pana kataṃ kiccaṃ pariññādibhedaṃ soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ kataṃ, na dāni taṃ kātabbaṃ atthi. Rataṃ rammaṃ ramitabbaṃ ariyehi sabbasaṅkhatavinissaṭaṃ nibbānaṃ rataṃ abhirataṃ rammaṃ. Tena ca sukhenanvāgataṃ sukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhena anuāgataṃ upagataṃ accantasukhaṃ nibbānaṃ, sukhena vā sukhāpaṭipadābhūtena vipassanāsukhena maggasukhena ca anvāgataṃ phalasukhaṃ nibbānasukhañcāti attho veditabbo.

Pakkhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Vimalakoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dumavhayāya uppannoti vimalakoṇḍaññattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannamānaso catūhi suvaṇṇapupphehi pūjesi. Bhagavā tassa pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāresi, yathā suvaṇṇābhā sakalaṃ taṃ padesaṃ ottharati. Taṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso hutvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā taṃ nimittaṃ gahetvā attano gehaṃ gantvā buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahanto kenaci rogena kālaṃ katvā tusitesu upapanno aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājānaṃ bimbisāraṃ paṭicca ambapāliyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Rājā hi bimbisāro taruṇakāle ambapāliyā rūpasampattiṃ sutvā sañjātābhilāso katipayamanussaparivāro aññātakavesena vesāliṃ gantvā ekarattiṃ tāya saṃvāsaṃ kappesi. Tadā ayaṃ tassā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. Sā ca gabbhassa patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ tassa ārocesi. Rājāpi attānaṃ jānāpetvā dātabbayuttakaṃ datvā pakkāmi. Sā gabbhassa paripākamanvāya puttaṃ vijāyi, ‘‘vimalo’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi, pacchā vimalakoṇḍaññoti paññāyittha. So vayappatto bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.40-48) –

‘‘Vipassī nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Nisinno janakāyassa, desesi amataṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, dvipadinnassa tādino;

Soṇṇapupphāni cattāri, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Suvaṇṇacchadanaṃ āsi, yāvatā parisā tadā;

Buddhābhā ca suvaṇṇābhā, āloko vipulo ahu.

‘‘Udaggacitto sumano, vedajāto katañjalī;

Vittisañjanano tesaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho.

‘‘Āyācitvāna sambuddhaṃ, vanditvāna ca subbataṃ;

Pāmojjaṃ janayitvāna, sakaṃ bhavanupāgamiṃ.

‘‘Bhavane upaviṭṭhohaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, nemisammatanāmakā;

Tetālīse ito kappe, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘dumavhayāyā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

64. Tattha dumavhayāyāti dumena ambena avhātabbāya, ambapāliyāti attho. Ādhāre cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Uppannoti tassā kucchiyaṃ uppanno uppajjamāno ca. Jāto paṇḍaraketunāti dhavalavatthadhajattā ‘‘paṇḍaraketū’’ti paññātena bimbisāraraññā hetubhūtena jāto, taṃ paṭicca nibbattoti attho. Uppannoti vā paṭhamābhinibbattidassanaṃ. Tato hi jātoti abhijātidassanaṃ. Vijāyanakālato paṭṭhāya hi loke jātavohāro. Ettha ca ‘‘dumavhayāya uppanno’’ti iminā attukkaṃsanabhāvaṃ apaneti, anekapatiputtānampi visesādhigamasambhavañca dīpeti. ‘‘Jāto paṇḍaraketunā’’ti iminā viññātapitikadassanena paravambhanaṃ apaneti. Ketuhāti mānappahāyī. Māno hi uṇṇatilakkhaṇattā ketu viyāti ketu. Tathā hi so ‘‘ketukamyatāpaccupaṭṭhāno’’ti vuccati. Ketunāyevāti paññāya eva. Paññā hi anavajjadhammesu accuggataṭṭhena mārasenappamaddanena pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ariyānaṃ dhajā nāma. Tenāha ‘‘dhammo hi isinaṃ dhajo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.241; a. ni. 4.48; jā. 2.21.494). Mahāketuṃ padhaṃsayīti mahāvisayatāya mahantā, seyyamānajātimānādibhedato bahavo ca mānappakārā, itare ca kilesadhammā samussitaṭṭhena ketu etassāti mahāketu māro pāpimā. Taṃ balavidhamanavisayātikkamanavasena abhibhavi nibbisevanaṃ akāsīti. ‘‘Mahāketuṃ padhaṃsayī’’ti attānaṃ paraṃ viya dassento aññāpadesena arahattaṃ byākāsi.

Vimalakoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Ukkhepakatavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ukkhepakatavacchassāti āyasmato ukkhepakatavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthāraṃ uddissa māḷaṃ karontassa pūgassa ekatthambhaṃ alabhantassa thambhaṃ datvā sahāyakiccaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, vacchotissa gottato āgatanāmaṃ. So satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kosalaraṭṭhe gāmakāvāse vasanto āgatāgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti. ‘‘Ayaṃ vinayo idaṃ suttantaṃ ayaṃ abhidhammo’’ti pana paricchedaṃ na jānāti. Athekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ pucchitvā yathāparicchedaṃ sabbaṃ sallakkhesi. Dhammasaṅgītiyā pubbepi piṭakādisamaññā pariyattisaddhamme vavatthitā eva, yato bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharādivohāro. So tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhanto paripucchanto tattha vutte rūpārūpadhamme sallakkhetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā sammasanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.13-26) –

‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, mahāpūgagaṇo ahu;

Saraṇaṃ gatā ca te buddhaṃ, saddahanti tathāgataṃ.

‘‘Sabbe saṅgamma mantetvā, māḷaṃ kubbanti satthuno;

Ekatthambhaṃ alabhantā, vicinanti brahāvane.

‘‘Tehaṃ araññe disvāna, upagamma gaṇaṃ tadā;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, paṭipucchiṃ gaṇaṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, sīlavanto upāsakā;

Māḷaṃ mayaṃ kattukāmā, ekatthambho na labbhati.

‘‘Ekatthambhaṃ mamaṃ detha, ahaṃ dassāmi satthuno;

Āharissāmahaṃ thambhaṃ, appossukkā bhavantu te.

‘‘Te me thambhaṃ pavecchiṃsu, pasannā tuṭṭhamānasā;

Tato paṭinivattitvā, agamaṃsu sakaṃ gharaṃ.

‘‘Aciraṃ gate pūgagaṇe, thambhaṃ ahāsahaṃ tadā;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, paṭhamaṃ ussapesahaṃ.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, vimānaṃ upapajjahaṃ;

Ubbiddhaṃ bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.

‘‘Vajjamānāsu bherīsu, paricāremahaṃ sadā;

Pañcapaññāsakappamhi, rājā āsiṃ yasodharo.

‘‘Tatthāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ;

Kūṭāgāravarūpetaṃ, ekatthambhaṃ manoramaṃ.

‘‘Ekavīsatikappamhi , udeno nāma khattiyo;

Tatrāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Anubhomi sukhaṃ sabbaṃ, ekatthambhassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ thambhamadadaṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ekatthambhassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā katakiccattā akilāsubhāve ṭhito attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ anukampaṃ upādāya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ vīmaṃsitvā dhammaṃ desesi. Desento ca ekadivasaṃ attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā dassento –

65.

‘‘Ukkhepakatavacchassa, saṅkalitaṃ bahūhi vassehi;

Taṃ bhāsati gahaṭṭhānaṃ, sunisinno uḷārapāmojjo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ukkhepakatavacchassāti kataukkhepavacchassa, bhikkhuno santike visuṃ visuṃ uggahitaṃ vinayapadesaṃ suttapadesaṃ abhidhammapadesañca yathāparicchedaṃ vinayasuttābhidhammānaṃyeva upari khipitvā sajjhāyanavasena tattha tattheva pakkhipitvā ṭhitavacchenāti attho karaṇatthe hi idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Saṅkalitaṃ bahūhi vassehīti bahukehi saṃvaccharehi sampiṇḍanavasena hadaye ṭhapitaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhalita’’ntipi pāṭho, saṅkhalitaṃ viya kataṃ ekābaddhavasena vācuggataṃ kataṃ. Yaṃ buddhavacananti vacanaseso. Tanti taṃ pariyattidhammaṃ bhāsati katheti. Gahaṭṭhānanti tesaṃ yebhuyyatāya vuttaṃ. Sunisinnoti tasmiṃ dhamme sammā niccalo nisinno, lābhasakkārādiṃ apaccāsīsanto kevalaṃ vimuttāyatanasīseyeva ṭhatvā kathetīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘uḷārapāmojjo’’ti phalasamāpattisukhavasena dhammadesanāvaseneva ca uppannauḷārapāmojjoti. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Yathā yathāvuso bhikkhu, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojja’’ntiādi (dī. ni. 3.355).

Ukkhepakatavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Meghiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Anusāsimahāvīroti āyasmato meghiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave kusalabījāni ropento ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. Tasmiñca samaye vipassī bhagavā buddhakiccassa pariyosānamāgamma āyusaṅkhāraṃ ossajji. Tena pathavīkampādīsu uppannesu mahājano bhītatasito ahosi. Atha naṃ vessavaṇo mahārājā tamatthaṃ vibhāvetvā samassāsesi. Taṃ sutvā mahājano saṃvegappatto ahosi. Tatthāyaṃ kulaputto buddhānubhāvaṃ sutvā satthari sañjātagāravabahumāno uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sākiyarājakule nibbatti, tassa meghiyoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu santike pabbajitvā bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahanto bhagavati jālikāyaṃ viharante kimikālāya nadiyā tīre ramaṇīyaṃ ambavanaṃ disvā tattha viharitukāmo dve vāre bhagavatā vāretvā tatiyavāraṃ vissajjito tattha gantvā micchāvitakkamakkhikāhi khajjamāno cittasamādhiṃ alabhitvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Athassa bhagavā ‘‘aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattantī’’tiādinā (udā. 31) ovādaṃ adāsi. So tasmiṃ ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.57-65) –

‘‘Yadā vipassī lokaggo, āyusaṅkhāramossaji;

Pathavī sampakampittha, medanī jalamekhalā.

‘‘Otataṃ vitataṃ mayhaṃ, suvicittavaṭaṃsakaṃ;

Bhavanampi pakampittha, buddhassa āyusaṅkhaye.

‘‘Tāso mayhaṃ samuppanno, bhavane sampakampite;

Uppādo nu kimatthāya, āloko vipulo ahu.

‘‘Vessavaṇo idhāgamma, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ;

Pāṇabhūte bhayaṃ natthi, ekaggā hotha saṃvutā.

‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;

Yasmiṃ uppajjamānamhi, pathavī sampakampati.

‘‘Buddhānubhāvaṃ kittetvā, kappaṃ saggamhi modahaṃ;

Avasesesu kappesu, kusalaṃ caritaṃ mayā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito cuddasakappamhi, rājā āsiṃ patāpavā;

Samito nāma nāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu sammukhā ovādaṃ labhitvā ‘‘mayā arahattaṃ adhigata’’nti aññaṃ byākaronto –

66.

‘‘Anusāsi mahāvīro, sabbadhammāna pāragū;

Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, vihāsiṃ santike sato;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha anusāsīti ‘‘aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattantī’’tiādinā ovadi anusiṭṭhiṃ adāsi. Mahāvīroti mahāvikkanto, vīriyapāramipāripūriyā caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānena anaññasādhāraṇacatubbidhasammappadhānasampattiyā ca mahāvīriyoti attho. Sabbadhammāna pāragūti sabbesañca ñeyyadhammānaṃ pāraṃ pariyantaṃ ñāṇagamanena gato adhigatoti sabbadhammāna pāragū, sabbaññūti attho. Sabbesaṃ vā saṅkhatadhammānaṃ pārabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ sayambhūñāṇena gato adhigatoti sabbadhammāna pāragū. Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvānāti tassa buddhassa bhagavato sāmukkaṃsikaṃ taṃ catusaccadhammaṃ suṇitvā. Vihāsiṃ santiketi ambavane micchāvitakkehi upadduto cālikā vihāraṃ gantvā satthu samīpeyeva vihāsiṃ. Satoti satimā, samathavipassanābhāvanāya appamattoti attho. Ahanti idaṃ yathā ‘‘anusāsī’’ti ettha ‘‘ma’’nti evaṃ ‘‘vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti ettha ‘‘mayā’’ti pariṇāmetabbaṃ. ‘‘Kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti ca iminā yathāvuttaṃ vijjāttayānuppattimeva satthu ovādapaṭikaraṇabhāvadassanena pariyāyantarena pakāseti. Sīlakkhandhādiparipūraṇameva hi satthu sāsanakāritā.

Meghiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Ekadhammasavanīyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Kilesājhāpitā mayhanti āyasmato ekadhammasavanīyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle rukkhadevatā hutvā nibbatto katipaye bhikkhū maggamūḷhe mahāraññe vicarante disvā anukampamāno attano bhavanato otaritvā te samassāsetvā bhojetvā yathādhippetaṭṭhānaṃ pāpesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassape bhagavati loke uppajjitvā katabuddhakicce parinibbute tasmiṃ kāle bārāṇasirājā kikī nāma ahosi. Tasmiṃ kālaṅkate tassa puthuvindarājā nāma putto āsi. Tassa putto susāmo nāma. Tassa putto kikībrahmadatto nāma hutvā rajjaṃ kārento sāsane antarahite dhammassavanaṃ alabhanto, ‘‘yo dhammaṃ deseti, tassa sahassaṃ dammī’’ti ghosāpetvā ekampi dhammakathikaṃ alabhanto, ‘‘mayhaṃ pitupitāmahādīnaṃ kāle dhammo saṃvattati, dhammakathikā sulabhā ahesuṃ. Idāni pana catuppadikagāthāmattampi kathento dullabho. Yāva dhammasaññā na vinassati, tāvadeva pabbajissāmī’’ti rajjaṃ pahāya himavantaṃ uddissa gacchantaṃ sakko devarājā āgantvā, ‘‘aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti gāthāya dhammaṃ kathetvā nivattesi. So nivattitvā bahuṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde setabyanagare seṭṭhikule nibbattitvā vayappatto bhagavati setabyanagare siṃsapāvane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassa satthā ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā, ‘‘aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti imāya gāthāya dhammaṃ desesi. Tassa tattha katādhikāratāya so aniccasaññāya pākaṭataraṃ hutvā upaṭṭhitāya paṭiladdhasaṃvego pabbajitvā dhammasammasanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā dukkhasaññaṃ anattasaññañca manasikaronto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.66-71) –

‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, sāvakā vanacārino;

Vippanaṭṭhā brahāraññe, andhāva anusuyyare.

‘‘Anussaritvā sambuddhaṃ, padumuttaranāyakaṃ;

Tassa te munino puttā, vippanaṭṭhā mahāvane.

‘‘Bhavanā oruhitvāna, agamiṃ bhikkhusantikaṃ;

Tesaṃ maggañca ācikkhiṃ, bhojanañca adāsahaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Jātiyā sattavassohaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Sacakkhū nāma nāmena, dvādasa cakkavattino;

Sattaratanasampannā, pañcakappasate ito.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Tassa ekeneva dhammassavanena nipphannakiccattā ekadhammasavanīyotveva samaññā ahosi. So arahā hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto –

67.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha kilesāti yasmiṃ santāne uppannā, taṃ kilesenti vibādhenti upatāpenti vāti kilesā, rāgādayo. Jhāpitāti indagginā viya rukkhagacchādayo ariyamaggañāṇagginā samūlaṃ daḍḍhā. Mayhanti mayā, mama santāne vā. Bhavā sabbe samūhatāti kāmakammabhavādayo sabbe bhavā samugghāṭitā kilesānaṃ jhāpitattā. Sati hi kilesavaṭṭe kammavaṭṭena bhavitabbaṃ. Kammabhavānaṃ samūhatattā eva ca upapattibhavāpi samūhatā eva anuppattidhammatāya āpāditattā. Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāroti jātiādiko –

‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;

Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. –

Vuttalakkhaṇo saṃsāro visesato khīṇo, tasmā natthi dāni punabbhavo. Yasmā āyatiṃ punabbhavo natthi, tasmā vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro. Tasmā ca punabbhavo natthi, yasmā bhavā sabbe samūhatāti āvattetvā vattabbaṃ. Atha vā vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, tato eva natthi dāni punabbhavoti yojetabbaṃ.

Ekadhammasavanīyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Ekudāniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Adhicetasoappamajjatoti āyasmato ekudāniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle yakkhasenāpati hutvā nibbatto satthari parinibbute, ‘‘alābhā vata me, dulladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ satthudharamānakāle dānādipuññaṃ kātuṃ nālattha’’nti paridevasokamāpanno ahosi. Atha naṃ sāgaro nāma satthu sāvako sokaṃ vinodetvā satthu thūpapūjāyaṃ niyojesi. So pañca vassāni thūpaṃ pūjetvā tato cuto tena puññena devamanussesu eva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto kālena kālaṃ satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkami. Tasmiñca samaye satthā ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti gāthāya sāvake abhiṇhaṃ ovadi. So taṃ sutvā saddhājāto pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca pana tameva gāthaṃ punappunaṃ parivatteti. So tattha vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ñāṇassa aparipakkattā visesaṃ nibbattetu nāsakkhi. Tato pana cuto devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatto viññutaṃ patvā jetavanapaṭiggahaṇasamaye buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco araññe viharanto satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Tasmiñca samaye satthā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ attano avidūre adhicittamanuyuttaṃ disvā ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Taṃ sutvā ayaṃ cirakālaṃ bhāvanāya araññe viharantopi kālena kālaṃ tameva gāthaṃ udāneti, tenassa ekudāniyoti samaññā udapādi. So athekadivasaṃ cittekaggataṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.72-81) –

‘‘Atthadassimhi sugate, nibbute samanantarā;

Yakkhayoniṃ upapajjiṃ, yasaṃ patto cahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Dulladdhaṃ vata me āsi, duppabhātaṃ duruṭṭhitaṃ;

Yaṃ me bhoge vijjamāne, parinibbāyi cakkhumā.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, sāgaro nāma sāvako;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Kiṃ nu socasi mā bhāyi, cara dhammaṃ sumedhasa;

Anuppadinnā buddhena, sabbesaṃ bījasampadā.

‘‘Yo ce pūreyya sambuddhaṃ, tiṭṭhantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Dhātuṃ sāsapamattampi, nibbutassāpi pūjaye.

‘‘Same cittappasādamhi, samaṃ puññaṃ mahaggataṃ;

Tasmā thūpaṃ karitvāna, pūjehi jinadhātuyo.

‘‘Sāgarassa vaco sutvā, buddhathūpaṃ akāsahaṃ;

Pañcavasse paricariṃ, munino thūpamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Bhūripaññā ca cattāro, sattakappasate ito;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhena viharanto ekadivasaṃ āyasmatā dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭibhānaṃ vīmaṃsituṃ, ‘‘āvuso, mayhaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇāhī’’ti ajjhiṭṭho cirakālaparicitattā –

68.

‘‘Adhicetaso appamajjato, munino monapathesu sikkhato;

Sokā na bhavanti tādino, upasantassa sadā satīmato’’ti. (udā. 37) –

Imameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha adhicetasoti adhicittavato, sabbacittānaṃ adhikena arahattaphalacittena samannāgatassāti attho. Appamajjatoti nappamajjato, appamādena anavajjadhammesu sātaccakiriyāya samannāgatassāti vuttaṃ hoti. Muninoti ‘‘yo munāti ubho loke, muni tena pavuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 269; mahāni. 149; cūḷani. mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddesa 21) evaṃ ubhayalokamunanena vā, monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ, tena arahattaphalapaññāsaṅkhātena monena samannāgatatāya vā khīṇāsavo muni nāma, tassa munino. Monapathesu sikkhatoti arahattañāṇasaṅkhātassa monassa pathesu upāyamaggesu sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammesu, tīsu vā sikkhāsu sikkhato. Idañca pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Pariniṭṭhitasikkho hi arahā, tasmā evaṃ sikkhato, imāya sikkhāya munibhāvaṃ pattassa muninoti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yasmā cetadevaṃ tasmā heṭṭhimamaggaphalacittānaṃ vasena adhicetaso, catusaccasambodhipaṭipattiyaṃ appamādavasena appamajjato, aggamaggañāṇasamannāgamena muninoti evametesaṃ padānaṃ attho yujjatiyeva. Atha vā ‘‘appamajjato sikkhato’’ padhānahetū akkhātāti daṭṭhabbā. Tasmā appamajjanahetu sikkhanahetu ca adhicetasoti attho.

Sokā na bhavanti tādinoti tādisassa khīṇāsavamunino abbhantare iṭṭhaviyogādivatthukā sokā cittasantāpā na honti. Atha vā tādilakkhaṇappattassa asekkhamunino sokā na bhavantīti. Upasantassāti rāgādīnaṃ accantūpasamena upasantassa. Sadā satīmatoti sativepullappattiyā niccakālaṃ satiyā avirahitassa.

Ettha ca ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti iminā adhicittasikkhā, ‘‘appamajjato’’ti iminā adhisīlasikkhā, ‘‘munino monapathesu sikkhato’’ti etehi adhipaññāsikkhā. ‘‘Munino’’ti vā etena adhipaññāsikkhā, ‘‘monapathesu sikkhato’’ti etena tāsaṃ lokuttarasikkhānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadā, ‘‘sokā na bhavantī’’tiādīhi sikkhāpāripūriyā ānisaṃsā pakāsitāti veditabbaṃ ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.

Ekudāniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Channattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sutvānadhammaṃ mahato mahārasanti āyasmato channattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagacchantaṃ disvā pasannacitto mudusamphassaṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ santharitvā adāsi. Pupphehi ca samantato okiritvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā punapi aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle suddhodanamahārājassa gehe dāsiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, channotissa nāmaṃ ahosi, bodhisattena sahajāto. So satthu ñātisamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā bhagavati pemena, ‘‘amhākaṃ buddho, amhākaṃ dhammo’’ti mamattaṃ uppādetvā sinehaṃ chindituṃ asakkonto samaṇadhammaṃ akatvā satthari parinibbute satthārā āṇattavidhinā katena brahmadaṇḍena santajjito saṃvegappatto hutvā sinehaṃ chinditvā vipassanto nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.10.45-50) –

‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, adāsiṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ;

Samantā upahārañca, kusumaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Pāsādevaṃ guṇaṃ rammaṃ, anubhomi mahārahaṃ;

Mahagghāni ca pupphāni, sayanebhisavanti me.

‘‘Sayanehaṃ tuvaṭṭāmi, vicitte pupphasanthate;

Pupphavuṭṭhi ca sayane, abhivassati tāvade.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, adāsiṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, santharassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Tiṇasantharakā nāma, sattete cakkavattino;

Ito te pañcame kappe, uppajjiṃsu janādhipā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhasantappito pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento –

69.

‘‘Sutvāna dhammaṃ mahato mahārasaṃ,

Sabbaññutaññāṇavarena desitaṃ;

Maggaṃ papajjiṃ amatassa pattiyā,

So yogakkhemassa pathassa kovido’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sutvānāti suṇitvā, sotena gahetvā ohitasoto sotadvārānusārena upadhāretvā. Dhammanti catusaccadhammaṃ. Mahatoti bhagavato. Bhagavā hi mahantehi uḷāratamehi sīlādiguṇehi samannāgatattā, sadevakena lokena visesato mahanīyatāya ca ‘‘mahā’’ti vuccati, yā tassa mahāsamaṇoti samaññā jātā. Nissakkavacanañcetaṃ ‘‘mahato dhammaṃ sutvānā’’ti. Mahārasanti vimuttirasassa dāyakattā uḷārarasaṃ. Sabbaññutaññāṇavarena desitanti sabbaṃ jānātīti sabbaññū, tassa bhāvo sabbaññutā. Ñāṇameva varaṃ, ñāṇesu vā varanti ñāṇavaraṃ, sabbaññutā ñāṇavaraṃ etassāti sabbaññutaññāṇavaro, bhagavā. Tena sabbaññutaññāṇasaṅkhātaaggañāṇena vā karaṇabhūtena desitaṃ kathitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvānāti yojanā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ paramatthadīpaniyaṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbaṃ. Magganti aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ ariyamaggaṃ. Papajjinti paṭipajjiṃ. Amatassa pattiyāti nibbānassa adhigamāya upāyabhūtaṃ paṭipajjinti yojanā. Soti so bhagavā. Yogakkhemassa pathassa kovidoti catūhi yogehi anupaddutassa nibbānassa yo patho, tassa kovido tattha sukusalo. Ayañhettha attho – bhagavato catusaccadesanaṃ sutvā amatādhigamūpāyamaggaṃ ahaṃ paṭipajjiṃ paṭipajjanamaggaṃ mayā kataṃ, so eva pana bhagavā sabbathā yogakkhemassa pathassa kovido, parasantāne vā paramanesu kusalo, yassa saṃvidhānamāgamma ahampi maggaṃ paṭipajjinti. Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.

Channattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sīlamevāti āyasmato puṇṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe buddhasuññe loke brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavantappadese paṇṇakuṭiṃ katvā vāsaṃ kappesi. Tassa vasanaṭṭhānassa avidūre ekasmiṃ pabbhāre paccekabuddho ābādhiko hutvā parinibbāyi, tassa parinibbānasamaye mahā āloko ahosi. Taṃ disvā so, ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho ayaṃ āloko uppanno’’ti vīmaṃsanavasena ito cito ca āhiṇḍanto pabbhāre paccekasambuddhaṃ parinibbutaṃ disvā gandhadārūni saṃkaḍḍhitvā sarīraṃ jhāpetvā gandhodakena upasiñci. Tattheko devaputto antalikkhe ṭhatvā evamāha – ‘‘sādhu, sādhu, sappurisa, bahuṃ tayā puññaṃ pasavantena pūritaṃ sugatisaṃvattaniyaṃ kammaṃ tena tvaṃ sugatīsuyeva uppajjissasi, ‘puṇṇo’ti ca te nāmaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sunāparantajanapade suppārakapaṭṭane gahapatikule nibbatti, puṇṇotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto vāṇijjavasena mahatā satthena saddhiṃ sāvatthiṃ gato. Tena ca samayena bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha so sāvatthivāsīhi upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vattapaṭivattehi ācariyupajjhāye ārādhento vihāsi. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘sādhu maṃ, bhante bhagavā, saṃkhittena ovādena ovadatu, yamahaṃ sutvā sunāparantajanapade vihareyya’’nti āha. Tassa bhagavā, ‘‘santi kho, puṇṇa, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.395; saṃ. ni. 4.88) ovādaṃ datvā sīhanādaṃ nadāpetvā vissajjesi. So bhagavantaṃ vanditvā sunāparantajanapadaṃ gantvā suppārakapaṭṭane viharanto samathavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.41.29-44) –

‘‘Pabbhārakūṭaṃ nissāya, sayambhū aparājito;

Ābādhiko ca so buddho, vasati pabbatantare.

‘‘Mama assamasāmantā, panādo āsi tāvade;

Buddhe nibbāyamānamhi, āloko udapajjatha.

‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍasmiṃ, acchakokataracchakā;

Vāḷā ca kesarī sabbe, abhigajjiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Uppātaṃ tamahaṃ disvā, pabbhāraṃ agamāsahaṃ;

Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, nibbutaṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Suphullaṃ sālarājaṃva, sataraṃsiṃva uggataṃ;

Vītaccikaṃva aṅgāraṃ, nibbutaṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Tiṇaṃ kaṭṭhañca pūretvā, citakaṃ tatthakāsahaṃ;

Citakaṃ sukataṃ katvā, sarīraṃ jhāpayiṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Sarīraṃ jhāpayitvāna, gandhatoyaṃ samokiriṃ;

Antalikkhe ṭhito yakkho, nāmamaggahi tāvade.

‘‘Yaṃ pūritaṃ tayā kiccaṃ, sayambhussa mahesino;

Puṇṇako nāma nāmena, sadā hohi tuvaṃ mune.

‘‘Tamhā kāyā cavitvāna, devalokaṃ agacchahaṃ;

Tattha dibbamayo gandho, antalikkhā pavassati.

‘‘Tatrāpi nāmadheyyaṃ me, puṇṇakoti ahū tadā;

Devabhūto manusso vā, saṅkappaṃ pūrayāmahaṃ.

‘‘Idaṃ pacchimakaṃ mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;

Idhāpi puṇṇako nāma, nāmadheyyaṃ pakāsati.

‘‘Tosayitvāna sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, tanukiccassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero bahū manusse sāsane abhippasādesi. Yato pañcasatamattā purisā upāsakattaṃ pañcasatamattā ca itthiyo upāsikābhāvaṃ paṭivedesuṃ. So tattha rattacandanena candanamāḷaṃ nāma gandhakuṭiṃ kārāpetvā, ‘‘satthā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ māḷaṃ paṭicchatū’’ti bhagavantaṃ pupphadūtena nimantesi . Bhagavā ca iddhānubhāvena tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ tattha gantvā candanamāḷaṃ paṭiggahetvā aruṇe anuṭṭhiteyeva paccāgamāsi. Thero aparabhāge parinibbānasamaye aññaṃ byākaronto –

70.

‘‘Sīlameva idha aggaṃ, paññavā pana uttamo;

Manussesu ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sīlanti sīlanaṭṭhena sīlaṃ, patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena samādhānaṭṭhena cāti attho. Sīlañhi sabbaguṇānaṃ patiṭṭhā, tenāha – ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.23; peṭako. 22; visuddhi. 1.1). Samādahati ca taṃ kāyavācāavippakiṇṇaṃ karotīti attho. Tayidaṃ sīlameva aggaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ mūlabhāvato pamukhabhāvato ca. Yathāha – ‘‘tasmātiha, tvaṃ bhikkhu, ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ sīlañca suvisuddha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.369), ‘‘pātimokkhanti mukhametaṃ pamukhameta’’nti (mahāva. 135) ca ādi. Idhāti nipātamattaṃ. Paññavāti ñāṇasampanno. So uttamo seṭṭho pavaroti puggalādhiṭṭhānāya gāthāya paññāyayeva seṭṭhabhāvaṃ dasseti. Paññuttarā hi kusalā dhammā. Idāni taṃ sīlapaññānaṃ aggaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ kāraṇato dasseti ‘‘manussesu ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti ca. Sīlapaññāṇahetu paṭipakkhajayo kāmakilesajayo hotīti attho.

Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Sattamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Aṭṭhamavaggo

1. Vacchapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Susukhumanipuṇatthadassināti āyasmato vacchapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni ācinanto devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito ekanavute kappe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā aggiṃ paricaranto ekadivasaṃ mahatiyā kaṃsapātiyā pāyāsaṃ ādāya dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesanto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ ākāse caṅkamantaṃ disvā acchariyabbhutacittajāto bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā dātukāmataṃ dassesi. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, vacchapālotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So bimbisārasamāgame uruvelakassapattherena iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā satthu paramanipaccakāre kate taṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā sattāhapabbajito eva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.26-34) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo sambuddho, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo;

Pavanā abhinikkhanto, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato.

‘‘Mahaccā kaṃsapātiyā, vaḍḍhetvā pāyasaṃ ahaṃ;

Āhutiṃ yiṭṭhukāmo so, upanesiṃ baliṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Caṅkamaṃ susamārūḷho, ambare anilāyane.

‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Ṭhapayitvā kaṃsapātiṃ, vipassiṃ abhivādayiṃ.

‘‘Tuvaṃ devosi sabbaññū, sadeve sahamānuse;

Anukampaṃ upādāya, paṭiggaṇha mahāmuni.

‘‘Paṭiggahesi bhagavā, sabbaññū lokanāyako;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke mahāmuni.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pāyāsassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekatālīsito kappe, buddho nāmāsi khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā sukheneva attanā nibbānassa adhigatabhāvaṃ vibhāvento –

71.

‘‘Susukhumanipuṇatthadassinā, matikusalena nivātavuttinā;

Saṃsevitavuddhasīlinā, nibbānaṃ na hi tena dullabha’’nti. –

Imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha susukhumanipuṇatthadassināti ativiya duddasaṭṭhena sukhume, saṇhaṭṭhena nipuṇe saccapaṭiccasamuppādādiatthe aniccatādiṃ oropetvā passatīti susukhumanipuṇatthadassī, tena. Matikusalenāti matiyā paññāya kusalena chekena, ‘‘evaṃ pavattamānassa paññā vaḍḍhati, evaṃ na vaḍḍhatī’’ti dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgapaññāya uppādane kusalena. Nivātavuttināti sabrahmacārīsu nivātanīcavattanasīlena, vuḍḍhesu navesu ca yathānurūpapaṭipattinā. Saṃsevitavuddhasīlināti saṃsevitaṃ āciṇṇaṃ vuddhasīlaṃ saṃsevitavuddhasīlaṃ, taṃ yassa atthi, tena saṃsevitavuddhasīlinā. Atha vā saṃsevitā upāsitā vuddhasīlino etenāti saṃsevitavuddhasīlī, tena . tisaddo hetuattho. Yasmā yo nivātavutti saṃsevitavuddhasīlī matikusalo susukhumanipuṇatthadassī ca, tasmā nibbānaṃ na tassa dullabhanti attho. Nivātavuttitāya hi saṃsevitavuddhasīlitāya ca paṇḍitā taṃ ovaditabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññanti, tesañca ovāde ṭhito sayaṃ matikusalatāya susukhumanipuṇatthadassitāya ca vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva nibbānaṃ adhigacchatīti, ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.

Vacchapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Ātumattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yathākaḷīro susu vaḍḍhitaggoti āyasmato ātumattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ ācinanto ito ekanavute kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ antaravīthiyaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso gandhodakena gandhacuṇṇena ca pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi, ñāṇassa pana aparipakkattā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Atha imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, ātumotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa vayappattassa mātā ‘‘puttassa me bhariyaṃ ānessāmā’’ti ñātakehi sammantesi. So taṃ upadhāretvā hetusampattiyā codiyamāno ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ gharāvāsena, idāneva pabbajissāmī’’ti bhikkhūnaṃ santikaṃ gantvā pabbaji. Pabbajitampi naṃ mātā uppabbājetukāmā nānānayehi palobheti. So tassā avasaraṃ adatvā attano ajjhāsayaṃ pakāsento –

72.

‘‘Yathā kaḷīro susu vaḍḍhitaggo, dunnikkhamo hoti pasākhajāto;

Evaṃ ahaṃ bhariyāyānītāya, anumañña maṃ pabbajitomhi dānī’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha kaḷīroti aṅkuro, idha pana vaṃsaṅkuro adhippeto. Susūti taruṇo. Vaḍḍhitaggoti pavaḍḍhitasākho. Susuvaḍḍhitaggoti vā suṭṭhu vaḍḍhitasākho sañjātapattasākho. Dunnikkhamoti veḷugumbato nikkhāmetuṃ nīharituṃ asakkuṇeyyo. Pasākhajātoti jātapasākho, sākhānampi pabbe pabbe uppannaanusākho. Evaṃ ahaṃ bhariyāyānītāyāti yathā vaṃso vaḍḍhitaggo vaṃsantaresu saṃsaṭṭha sākhāpasākho veḷugumbato dunnīharaṇīyo hoti, evaṃ ahampi bhariyāya mayhaṃ ānītāya puttadhītādivasena vaḍḍhitaggo āsattivasena gharāvāsato dunnīharaṇīyo bhaveyyaṃ. Yathā pana vaṃsakaḷīro asañjātasākhabandho veḷugumbato sunīharaṇīyova hoti, evaṃ ahampi asañjātaputtadārādibandho sunīharaṇīyo homi, tasmā anānītāya eva bhariyāya anumañña maṃ attanāva maṃ anujānāpetvā. Pabbajitomhi dānīti, ‘‘idāni pana pabbajito amhi, sādhu suṭṭhū’’ti attano nekkhammābhiratiṃ pakāsesi, atha vā ‘‘anumañña maṃ pabbajitomhi dānī’’ti mātu katheti. Ayañhettha attho – yadipi tāya pubbe nānumataṃ, idāni pana pabbajito amhi, tasmā anumañña anujānāhi maṃ samaṇabhāveyeva ṭhātuṃ, nāhaṃ tayā nivattanīyoti . Evaṃ pana kathento yathāṭhitova vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā kilese khepetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.35-40) –

‘‘Nisajja pāsādavare, vipassiṃ addasaṃ jinaṃ;

Kakudhaṃ vilasantaṃva, sabbaññuṃ tamanāsakaṃ.

‘‘Pāsādassāvidūre ca, gacchati lokanāyako;

Pabhā niddhāvate tassa, yathā ca sataraṃsino.

‘‘Gandhodakañca paggayha, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ samokiriṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ gandhodakamākiriṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, sugandho nāma khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā mātaraṃ āpucchitvā tassā pekkhantiyāyeva ākāsena pakkāmi. So arahattappattiyā uttarikālampi antarantarā tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Tattha ‘‘pabbajitomhī’’ti imināpadesena ayampi therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi attano santāne rāgādimalassa pabbājitabhāvadīpanato. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘pabbājayamattano malaṃ, tasmā ‘pabbajito’ti vuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 388).

Ātumattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Māṇavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Jiṇṇañca disvā dukhitañca byādhitanti āyasmato māṇavattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā lakkhaṇadharo hutvā vipassissa bhagavato abhijātiyā lakkhaṇāni pariggahetvā pubbanimittāni sāvetvā, ‘‘ekaṃsena ayaṃ buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākaritvā nānānayehi thometvā abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālassa gehe nibbattitvā yāva sattavassāni, tāva antoghareyeva vaḍḍhitvā sattame saṃvacchare upanayanatthaṃ uyyānaṃ nīto antarāmagge jiṇṇāturamate disvā tesaṃ adiṭṭhapubbattā te parijane pucchitvā jarārogamaraṇasabhāvaṃ sutvā sañjātasaṃvego tato anivattanto vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.41-64) –

‘‘Jāyamāne vipassimhi, nimittaṃ byākariṃ ahaṃ;

Nibbāpayiñca janataṃ, buddho loke bhavissati.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, dasasahassi kampati;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, āloko vipulo ahu;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, saritāyo na sandayuṃ;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, avīcaggi na pajjali;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, pakkhisaṅgho na sañcari;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, vātakkhandho na vāyati;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, sabbaratanāni jotayuṃ;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, sattāsuṃ padavikkamā;

So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Jātamatto ca sambuddho, disā sabbā vilokayi;

Vācāsabhimudīresi, esā buddhāna dhammatā.

‘‘Saṃvejayitvā janataṃ, thavitvā lokanāyakaṃ;

Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, pakkāmiṃ pācināmukho.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhithomayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, thomanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito navutikappamhi, sammukhāthavikavhayo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Pathavīdundubhi nāma, ekūnanavutimhito;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Aṭṭhāsītimhito kappe, obhāso nāma khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, saritacchedanavhayo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Agginibbāpano nāma, kappānaṃ chaḷasītiyā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Gatipacchedano nāma, kappānaṃ pañcasītiyā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Rājā vātasamo nāma, kappānaṃ cullasītiyā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Ratanapajjalo nāma, kappānaṃ teasītiyā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Padavikkamano nāma, kappānaṃ dveasītiyā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Rājā vilokano nāma, kappānaṃ ekasītiyā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Girasāroti nāmena, kappesītimhi khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Adhigatārahatto pana bhikkhūhi, ‘‘kena, tvaṃ āvuso, saṃvegena atidaharova samāno pabbajito’’ti pucchito attano pabbajjānimittakittanāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto –

73.

‘‘Jiṇṇañca disvā dukhitañca byādhitaṃ, matañca disvā gatamāyusaṅkhayaṃ;

Tato ahaṃ nikkhamitūna pabbajiṃ, pahāya kāmāni manoramānī’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha jiṇṇanti jarāya abhibhūtaṃ, khaṇḍiccapāliccavalittacatādīhi samaṅgībhūtaṃ. Dukhitanti dukkhappattaṃ. Byādhitanti gilānaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘byādhita’’nti vuttepi dukkhappattabhāvo siddho, ‘‘dukhita’’nti vacanaṃ tassa bāḷhagilānabhāvaparidīpanatthaṃ. Matanti kālaṅkataṃ, yasmā kālaṅkato āyuno khayaṃ vayaṃ bhedaṃ gato nāma hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘gatamāyusaṅkhaya’’nti. Tasmā jiṇṇabyādhimatānaṃ diṭṭhattā, ‘‘ime jarādayo nāma na imesaṃyeva, atha kho sabbasādhāraṇā, tasmā ahampi jarādike anativatto’’ti saṃviggattā. Nikkhamitūnāti nikkhamitvā, ayameva vā pāṭho. Pabbajjādhippāyena gharato niggantvā. Pabbajinti satthu sāsane pabbajaṃ upagato. Pahāya kāmāni manoramānīti iṭṭhakantādibhāvato avītarāgānaṃ mano ramentīti manorame vatthukāme pajahitvā, tappaṭibaddhassa chandarāgassa ariyamaggena samucchindanena nirapekkhabhāvena chaḍḍetvāti attho. Kāmānaṃ pahānakittanamukhena cetaṃ therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi. Māṇavakāle pabbajitattā imassa therassa māṇavotveva samaññā jātāti.

Māṇavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Suyāmanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Kāmacchando ca byāpādoti āyasmato suyāmanattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle dhaññavatīnagare brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ patvā brāhmaṇamante vāceti. Tena ca samayena vipassī bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ dhaññavatīnagaraṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti. Taṃ disvā brāhmaṇo pasannacitto attano gehaṃ netvā āsanaṃ paññāpetvā tassūpari pupphasanthāraṃ santharitvā adāsi, satthari tattha nisinne paṇītena āhārena santappesi, bhuttāviñca pupphagandhena pūjesi. Satthā anumodanaṃ vatvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, suyāmanotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū paramanissamayutto hutvā gehavāsīnaṃ kāmūpabhogaṃ jigucchitvā jhānaninno bhagavato vesāligamane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.65-74) –

‘‘Nagare dhaññavatiyā, ahosiṃ brāhmaṇo tadā;

Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sanighaṇḍusakeṭubhe.

‘‘Padako veyyākaraṇo, nimittakovido ahaṃ;

Mante ca sisse vācesiṃ, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū.

‘‘Pañca uppalahatthāni, piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhapitāni me;

Āhutiṃ yiṭṭhukāmohaṃ, pitumātusamāgame.

‘‘Tadā vipassī bhagavā, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato;

Obhāsento disā sabbā, āgacchati narāsabho.

‘‘Āsanaṃ paññapetvāna, nimantetvā mahāmuniṃ;

Santharitvāna taṃ pupphaṃ, abhinesiṃ sakaṃ gharaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ me atthi sake gehe, āmisaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ;

Tāhaṃ buddhassa pādāsiṃ, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.

‘‘Bhuttāviṃ kālamaññāya pupphahatthamadāsahaṃ;

Anumoditvāna sabbaññū, pakkāmi uttarāmukho.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Anantaraṃ ito kappe, rājāhuṃ varadassano;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā nīvaraṇappahānakittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –

74.

‘‘Kāmacchando ca byāpādo, thinamiddhañca bhikkhuno;

Uddhaccaṃ vicikicchā ca, sabbasova na vijjatī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha kāmacchandoti kāmesu chando, kāmo ca so chando cātipi kāmacchando, kāmarāgo. Idha pana sabbopi rāgo kāmacchando aggamaggavajjhassāpi adhippetattā, tenāha ‘‘sabbasova na vijjatī’’ti. Sabbepi hi tebhūmakadhammā kāmanīyaṭṭhena kāmā, tattha pavatto rāgo kāmacchando, tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘āruppe kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ paṭicca thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ avijjānīvaraṇaṃ uppajjatī’’ti (paṭṭhā. 3.8.8) byāpajjati cittaṃ pūtibhāvaṃ gacchati etenāti byāpādo, ‘‘anatthaṃ me acarī’’tiādinayappavatto (dha. sa. 1066; vibha. 909) āghāto. Thinaṃ cittassa akalyatā anussāhasaṃhananaṃ, middhaṃ kāyassa akalyatā asattivighāto, tadubhayampi thinañca middhañca thinamiddhaṃ, kiccāhārapaṭipakkhānaṃ ekatāya ekaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Uddhatabhāvo uddhaccaṃ, yena dhammena cittaṃ uddhataṃ hoti avūpasantaṃ, so cetaso vikkhepo uddhaccaṃ. Uddhaccaggahaṇeneva cettha kiccāhārapaṭipakkhānaṃ samānatāya kukkuccampi gahitamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃ pacchānutāpalakkhaṇaṃ. Yo hi katākatakusalākusalūpanissayo vippaṭisāro, taṃ kukkuccaṃ. Vicikicchāti, ‘‘evaṃ nu kho na nu kho’’ti saṃsayaṃ āpajjati, dhammasabhāvaṃ vā vicinanto kicchati kilamati etāyāti vicikicchā, buddhādivatthuko saṃsayo. Sabbasoti anavasesato. Na vijjatīti natthi, maggena samucchinnattā na upalabbhati. Idañca padadvayaṃ paccekaṃ yojetabbaṃ ayañhettha yojanā – yassa bhikkhuno tena tena ariyamaggena samucchinnattā kāmacchando ca byāpādo ca thinamiddhañca uddhaccakukkuccañca vicikicchā ca sabbasova na vijjati, tassa na kiñci karaṇīyaṃ, katassa vā paticayoti aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaroti. Pañcasu hi nīvaraṇesu maggena samucchinnesu tadekaṭṭhatāya sabbepi kilesā samucchinnāyeva honti. Tenāha – ‘‘sabbete bhagavanto pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146).

Suyāmanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Susāradattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sādhusuvihitāna dassananti āyasmato susāradattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vijjāpadesu nipphattiṃ gantvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavantappadese araññāyatane assamaṃ kāretvā vihāsi. Atha naṃ anuggaṇhanto padumuttaro bhagavā bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ upasaṅkami. So dūratova disvā pasannamānaso paccuggantvā pattaṃ gahetvā madhurāni phalāni pakkhipitvā adāsi. Bhagavā taṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde dhammasenāpatino ñātibrāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā mandapaññattā susāradoti gahitanāmo aparabhāge dhammasenāpatissa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.75-83) –

‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;

Himavantassāvidūre, vasāmi assame ahaṃ.

‘‘Aggihuttañca me atthi, puṇḍarīkaphalāni ca;

Puṭake nikkhipitvāna, dumagge laggitaṃ mayā.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, bhikkhanto mamupāgami.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, phalaṃ buddhassadāsahaṃ;

Vittisañjanano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho.

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo sambuddho, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.

‘‘Iminā phaladānena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjasi.

‘‘Teneva sukkamūlena, anubhotvāna sampadā;

Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.

‘‘Ito sattasate kappe, rājā āsiṃ sumaṅgalo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā sappurisūpanissayānisaṃsakittanāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto –

75.

‘‘Sādhu suvihitāna dassanaṃ, kaṅkhā chijjati buddhi vaḍḍhati;

Bālampi karonti paṇḍitaṃ, tasmā sādhu sataṃ samāgamo’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha sādhūti sundaraṃ, bhaddakanti attho. Suvihitāna dassananti suvihitānaṃ dassanaṃ. Gāthāsukhatthaṃ anusvāralopo kato. Sīlādiguṇehi susaṃvihitattabhāvānaṃ parānuddayāya suṭṭhu vihitadhammadesanānaṃ ariyānaṃ dassanaṃ sādhūti yojanā. ‘‘Dassana’’nti nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ savanādīnampi bahukārattā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Ye te bhikkhū sīlasampannā samādhisampannā paññāsampannā vimuttisampannā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannā ovādakā viññāpakā sandassakā samādapakā samuttejakā sampahaṃsakā alaṃsamakkhātāro saddhammassa, dassanampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi, savanaṃ…pe… upasaṅkamanaṃ…pe… payirupāsanaṃ…pe… anussaraṇaṃ…pe… anupabbajjampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmī’’ti (itivu. 104).

Dassanamūlakattā vā itaresaṃ dassanamevettha vuttaṃ, kaṅkhā chijjatītiādi tattha kāraṇavacanaṃ. Tādisānañhi kalyāṇamittānaṃ dassane sati viññujātiko atthakāmo kulaputto te upasaṅkamati payirupāsati ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusala’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.296) pañhaṃ pucchati. Te cassa anekavihitesu kaṅkhāṭṭhānīyesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kaṅkhā chijjatī’’ti. Yasmā ca te dhammadesanāya tesaṃ kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodetvā pubbabhāge kammapathasammādiṭṭhiṃ vipassanāsammādiṭṭhiñca uppādenti, tasmā tesaṃ buddhi vaḍḍhati. Yadā pana te vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saccāni paṭivijjhanti, tadā soḷasavatthukā aṭṭhavatthukā ca vicikicchā chijjati samucchijjati, nippariyāyena paññā buddhi vaḍḍhati. Bālyasamatikkamanato te paṇḍitā honti. So tehi buddhiṃ vaḍḍheti, bālampi karonti paṇḍitanti. Tasmātiādi nigamanaṃ, yasmā sādhūnaṃ dassanaṃ vuttanayena kaṅkhā chijjati buddhi vaḍḍhati, te bālaṃ paṇḍitaṃ karonti, tasmā tena kāraṇena sādhu sundaraṃ sataṃ sappurisānaṃ ariyānaṃ samāgamo, tehi samodhānaṃ sammā vaḍḍhananti attho.

Susāradattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Piyañjahattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Uppatantesu nipateti āyasmato piyañjahattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle himavante rukkhadevatā hutvā pabbatantare vasanto devatāsamāgamesu appānubhāvatāya parisapariyante ṭhatvā dhammaṃ sutvā satthari paṭiladdhasaddho ekadivasaṃ suvisuddhaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ gaṅgāyaṃ pulinappadesaṃ disvā satthu guṇe anussari – ‘‘itopi suvisuddhā satthu guṇā anantā aparimeyyā cā’’ti, evaṃ so satthu guṇe ārabbha cittaṃ pasādetvā tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ licchavirājakule nibbattitvā vayappatto yuddhasoṇḍo aparājitasaṅgāmo amittānaṃ piyahānikaraṇena piyañjahoti paññāyittha. So satthu vesāligamane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā araññe vasamāno vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.84-90) –

‘‘Pabbate himavantamhi, vasāmi pabbatantare;

Pulinaṃ sobhanaṃ disvā, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ.

‘‘Ñāṇe upanidhā natthi, saṅkhāraṃ natthi satthuno;

Sabbadhammaṃ abhiññāya, ñāṇena adhimuccati.

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;

Ñāṇena te samo natthi, yāvatā ñāṇamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Ñāṇe cittaṃ pasādetvā, kappaṃ saggamhi modahaṃ;

Avasesesu kappesu, kusalaṃ caritaṃ mayā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito sattatikappamhi, eko pulinapupphiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘andhaputhujjanānaṃ paṭipattito vidhurā ariyānaṃ paṭipattī’’ti imassa atthassa dassanavasena aññaṃ byākaronto –

76.

‘‘Uppatantesu nipate, nipatantesu uppate;

Vase avasamānesu, ramamānesu no rame’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha uppatantesūti uṇṇamantesu, sattesu mānuddhaccathambhasārambhādīhi attukkaṃsanena anupasantesu. Nipateti nameyya, tesaññeva pāpadhammānaṃ parivajjanena nivātavutti bhaveyya. Nipatantesūti oṇamantesu, hīnādhimuttikatāya kosajjena ca guṇato nihīyamānesu. Uppateti uṇṇameyya, paṇītādhimuttikatāya vīriyārambhena ca guṇato ussukkeyya. Atha vā uppatantesūti uṭṭhahantesu, kilesesu pariyuṭṭhānavasena sīsaṃ ukkhipantesu. Nipateti paṭisaṅkhānabalena yathā te na uppajjanti, tathā anurūpapaccavekkhaṇāya nipateyya, vikkhambheyya ceva samucchindeyya ca. Nipatantesūti paripatantesu, ayonisomanasikāresu vīriyapayogamandatāya vā yathāraddhesu samathavipassanādhammesu hāya mānesu . Uppateti yonisomanasikārena vīriyārambhasampadāya ca te upaṭṭhāpeyya uppādeyya vaḍḍheyya ca. Vaseavasamānesūti sattesu maggabrahmacariyavāsaṃ ariyavāsañca avasantesu sayaṃ taṃ vāsaṃ vaseyyāti, ariyesu vā kilesavāsaṃ dutiyakavāsaṃ avasantesu yena vāsena te avasamānā nāma honti, sayaṃ tathā vase. Ramamānesu no rameti sattesu kāmaguṇaratiyā kilesaratiyā ramantesu sayaṃ tathā no rame naṃ rameyya, ariyesu vā nirāmisāya jhānādiratiyā ramamānesu sayampi tathā rame, tato aññathā pana kadācipi no rame nābhirameyya vāti attho.

Piyañjahattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Hatthārohaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Idaṃ pure cittamacāri cārikanti āyasmato hatthārohaputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ vihārato nikkhantaṃ disvā pasannacitto pupphehi pūjaṃ katvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ hatthārohakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto hatthisippe nipphattiṃ agamāsi. So ekadivasaṃ hatthiṃ sikkhāpento nadītīraṃ gantvā hetusampattiyā codiyamāno ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ iminā hatthidamanena, attānaṃ damanameva vara’’nti cintetvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvāva cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto ciraparicayena kammaṭṭhānato bahiddhā vidhāvantaṃ cittaṃ cheko hatthācariyo viya aṅkusena caṇḍamattavaravāraṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhānaaṅkusena niggaṇhanto ‘‘idaṃ pure cittamacāri cārika’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

77. Tattha idanti vuccamānassa cittassa attapaccakkhatāya vuttaṃ. Pureti niggahakālato pubbe. Acārīti vicari, anavaṭṭhitatāya nānārammaṇesu paribbhami . Cārikanti yathākāmacariyaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘yenicchakaṃ yatthakāmaṃ yathāsukha’’nti. Tanti taṃ cittaṃ. Ajjāti etarahi. Niggahessāmīti niggaṇhissāmi, nibbisevanaṃ karissāmi. Yonisoti upāyena. Yathā kiṃ? Hatthippabhinnaṃ viya aṅkusaggaho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – idaṃ mama cittaṃ nāma ito pubbe rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu yena yena ramituṃ icchati, tassa tassa vasena yenicchakaṃ, yattha yattha cassa kāmo, tassa tassa vasena yatthakāmaṃ, yathā yathā vicarantassa sukhaṃ hoti, tatheva caraṇato yathāsukhaṃ dīgharattaṃ cārikaṃ acari, taṃ ajjapāhaṃ bhinnamadamattahatthiṃ hatthācariyasaṅkhāto cheko aṅkusaggaho aṅkusena viya yonisomanasikārena niggahessāmi, nāssa vītikkamituṃ dassāmīti. Evaṃ vadanto eva ca thero vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.91-96) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo sambuddho, vipassī dakkhiṇāraho;

Purakkhato sāvakehi, ārāmā abhinikkhami.

‘‘Disvānahaṃ buddhaseṭṭhaṃ, sabbaññuṃ tamanāsakaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, gaṇṭhipupphaṃ apūjayiṃ.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, dvipadindassa tādino;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, puna vandiṃ tathāgataṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekatālīsito kappe, caraṇo nāma khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.

Hatthārohaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Meṇḍasirattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Anekajātisaṃsāranti āyasmato meṇḍasirattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni karonto ito ekanavute kappe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto kāme pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā mahatā isigaṇena saddhiṃ himavante vasanto satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso isigaṇena padumāni āharāpetvā satthu pupphapūjaṃ katvā sāvake appamādapaṭipattiyaṃ ovaditvā kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sākete gahapatikule nibbatti, tassa meṇḍasarikkhasīsatāya meṇḍasirotveva samaññā ahosi. So bhagavati sākete añjanavane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Teva vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.97-105) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, gotamo nāma pabbato;

Nānārukkhehi sañchanno, mahābhūtagaṇālayo.

‘‘Vemajjhamhi ca tassāsi, assamo abhinimmito;

Purakkhato sasissehi, vasāmi assame ahaṃ.

‘‘Āyantu me sissagaṇā, padumaṃ āharantu me;

Buddhapūjaṃ karissāmi, dvipadindassa tādino.

‘‘Evanti te paṭissutvā, padumaṃ āhariṃsu me;

Tathā nimittaṃ katvāhaṃ, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Sisse tadā samānetvā, sādhukaṃ anusāsahaṃ;

Mā kho tumhe pamajjittha, appamādo sukhāvaho.

‘‘Evaṃ samanusāsitvā, te sisse vacanakkhame;

Appamādaguṇe yutto, tadā kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekapaññāsakappamhi , rājā āsiṃ jaluttamo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

So attano pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranto –

78.

‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;

Tassa me dukkhajātassa, dukkhakkhandho aparaddho’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha anekajātisaṃsāranti anekajātisatasahassasaṅkhyaṃ idaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ, addhuno adhippetattā accantasaṃyogekavacanaṃ. Sandhāvissanti saṃsariṃ, aparāparaṃ cavanuppajjanavasena paribbhamiṃ. Anibbisanti tassa nivattakañāṇaṃ avindanto alabhanto. Tassa meti evaṃ saṃsarantassa me. Dukkhajātassāti jātiādivasena uppannadukkhassa, tissannaṃ vā dukkhatānaṃ vasena dukkhasabhāvassa. Dukkhakkhandhoti kammakilesavipākavaṭṭappakāro dukkharāsi. Aparaddhoti arahattamaggappattito paṭṭhāya paribbhaṭṭho cuto na abhinibbattissati. ‘‘Aparaṭṭho’’ti vā pāṭho, apagatasamiddhito samucchinnakāraṇattā apagatoti attho. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Meṇḍasirattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Rakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sabborāgo pahīno meti āyasmato rakkhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso desanāñāṇaṃ ārabbha thomanaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa cittappasādaṃ oloketvā ‘‘ayaṃ ito satasahassakappamatthake gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa rakkhito nāma sāvako bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi . So taṃ sutvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde devadahanigame sākiyarājakule nibbatti, rakkhitotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So ye sākiyakoliyarājūhi bhagavato parivāratthāya dinnā pañcasatarājakumārā pabbajitā, tesaṃ aññataro. Te pana rājakumārā na saṃvegena pabbajitattā ukkaṇṭhābhibhūtā yadā satthārā kuṇāladahatīraṃ netvā kuṇālajātakadesanāya (jā. 2.21.kuṇālajātaka) itthīnaṃ dosavibhāvanena kāmesu ādīnavaṃ pakāsetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojitā, tadā ayampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.1-9) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Mahato janakāyassa, deseti amataṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vācāsabhimudīritaṃ;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, ekaggo āsahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Yathā samuddo udadhīnamaggo, nerū nagānaṃ pavaro siluccayo;

Tatheva ye cittavasena vattare, na buddhañāṇassa kalaṃ upenti te.

‘‘Dhammavidhiṃ ṭhapetvāna, buddho kāruṇiko isi;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yo so ñāṇaṃ pakittesi, buddhamhi lokanāyake;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ na gamissati.

‘‘Kilese jhāpayitvāna, ekaggo susamāhito;

Sobhito nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Paññāse kappasahasse, sattevāsuṃ yasuggatā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano pahīnakilese paccavekkhanto ‘‘sabbo rāgo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

79. Tattha ‘‘sabbo rāgo’’ti kāmarāgādippabhedo sabbopi rāgo. Pahīnoti ariyamaggabhāvanāya samucchedappahānavasena pahīno. Sabbo dosoti āghātavatthukādibhāvena anekabhedabhinno sabbopi byāpādo. Samūhatoti maggena samugghāṭito. Sabbo me vigato mohoti ‘‘dukkhe aññāṇa’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 1067; vibha. 909) vatthubhedena aṭṭhabhedo, saṃkilesavatthuvibhāgena anekavibhāgo sabbopi moho maggena viddhaṃsitattā mayhaṃ vigato. Sītibhūtosmi nibbutoti evaṃ mūlakilesappahānena tadekaṭṭhatāya saṃkilesānaṃ sammadeva paṭippassaddhattā anavasesakilesadarathapariḷāhābhāvato sītibhāvaṃ patto, tato eva sabbaso kilesaparinibbānena parinibbuto ahaṃ asmi bhavāmīti aññaṃ byākāsi.

Rakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Uggattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yaṃ mayā pakataṃ kammanti āyasmato uggattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso ketakapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ugganigame seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, uggotvevassa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto bhagavati tasmiṃ nigame bhaddārāme viharante vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.10-16) –

‘‘Vinatānadiyā tīre, pilakkhu phalito ahu;

Tāhaṃ rukkhaṃ gavesanto, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Ketakaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, vaṇṭe chetvānahaṃ tadā;

Buddhassa abhiropesiṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.

‘‘Yena ñāṇena pattosi, accutaṃ amataṃ padaṃ;

Taṃ ñāṇaṃ abhipūjemi, buddhaseṭṭha mahāmuni.

‘‘Ñāṇamhi pūjaṃ katvāna, pilakkhumaddasaṃ ahaṃ;

Paṭiladdhomhi taṃ paññaṃ, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, dvādasāsuṃ phaluggatā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano vaṭṭūpacchedadīpanena aññaṃ byākaronto –

80.

‘‘Yaṃ mayā pakataṃ kammaṃ, appaṃ vā yadi vā bahuṃ;

Sabbametaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha yaṃ mayā pakataṃ kammanti yaṃ kammaṃ tīhi kammadvārehi, chahi uppattidvārehi, aṭṭhahi asaṃvaradvārehi , aṭṭhahi ca saṃvaradvārehi pāpādivasena dānādivasena cāti anekehi pakārehi anādimati saṃsāre yaṃ mayā kataṃ upacitaṃ abhinibbattitaṃ vipākakammaṃ. Appaṃ vā yadi vābahunti tañca vatthucetanāpayogakilesādīnaṃ dubbalabhāvena appaṃ vā, tesaṃ balavabhāvena abhiṇhapavattiyā ca bahuṃ vā. Sabbametaṃ parikkhīṇanti sabbameva cetaṃ kammaṃ kammakkhayakarassa aggamaggassa adhigatattā parikkhayaṃ gataṃ, kilesavaṭṭappahānena hi kammavaṭṭaṃ pahīnameva hoti vipākavaṭṭassa anuppādanato. Tenāha ‘‘natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti mayhaṃ natthīti attho. ‘‘Sabbampeta’’ntipi pāṭho, sabbampi etanti padavibhāgo.

Uggattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Aṭṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Navamavaggo

1. Samitiguttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yaṃmayā pakataṃ pāpanti āyasmato samitiguttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto jātisumanapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena yattha yattha bhave nibbatti, tattha tattha kularūpaparivārasampadāya aññe satte abhibhavitvā aṭṭhāsi. Ekasmiṃ pana attabhāve aññataraṃ paccekabuddhaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ muṇḍako kuṭṭhī maññe, tenāyaṃ paṭicchādetvā vicaratī’’ti niṭṭhubhitvā pakkāmi. So tena kammena bahuṃ kālaṃ niraye paccitvā kassapassa bhagavato kāle manussaloke nibbatto paribbājakapabbajjaṃ upagato ekaṃ sīlācārasampannaṃ upāsakaṃ disvā dosantaro hutvā, ‘‘kuṭṭharogī bhaveyyāsī’’ti akkosi, nhānatitthe ca manussehi ṭhapitāni nhānacuṇṇāni dūsesi. So tena kammena puna niraye nibbattitvā bahūni vassāni dukkhaṃ anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, samitiguttotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā suvisuddhasīlo hutvā viharati. Tassa purimakammanissandena kuṭṭharogo uppajji, tena tassa sarīrāvayavā yebhuyyena chinnabhinnā hutvā paggharanti. So gilānasālāyaṃ vasati. Athekadivasaṃ dhammasenāpati gilānapucchaṃ gantvā tattha tattha gilāne bhikkhū pucchanto taṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā ‘‘āvuso, yāvatā khandhappavatti nāma, sabbaṃ dukkhameva vedanā. Khandhesu pana asantesuyeva natthi dukkha’’nti vedanānupassanākammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā agamāsi. So therassa ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiññā sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.82-90) –

‘‘Jāyantassa vipassissa, āloko vipulo ahu;

Pathavī ca pakampittha, sasāgarā sapabbatā.

‘‘Nemittā ca viyākaṃsu, buddho loke bhavissati;

Aggo ca sabbasattānaṃ, janataṃ uddharissati.

‘‘Nemittānaṃ suṇitvāna, jātipūjamakāsahaṃ;

Edisā pūjanā natthi, yādisā jātipūjanā.

‘‘Saṅkharitvāna kusalaṃ, sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;

Jātipūjaṃ karitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Sabbe satte abhibhomi, jātipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dhātiyo maṃ upaṭṭhenti, mama cittavasānugā;

Na tā sakkonti kopetuṃ, jātipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pūjamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, jātipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Supāricariyā nāma, catuttiṃsa janādhipā;

Ito tatiyakappamhi, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇena etarahi anubhuyyamānarogavasena purimajātīsu attanā kataṃ pāpakammaṃ anussaritvā tassa idāni sabbaso pahīnabhāvaṃ vibhāvento –

81.

‘‘Yaṃ mayā pakataṃ pāpaṃ, pubbe aññāsu jātisu;

Idheva taṃ vedanīyaṃ, vatthu aññaṃ na vijjatī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha pāpanti akusalaṃ kammaṃ. Tañhi lāmakaṭṭhena pāpanti vuccati. Pubbeti purā. Aññāsu jātisūti ito aññāsu jātīsu, aññesu attabhāvesu. Ayañhettha attho – yadipi mayā imasmiṃ attabhāve na tādisaṃ pāpaṃ kataṃ atthi, idāni pana tassa sambhavoyeva natthi. Yaṃ pana ito aññāsu jātīsu kataṃ atthi, idheva taṃ vedanīyaṃ, tañhi idheva imasmiṃyeva attabhāve vedayitabbaṃ anubhavitabbaṃ phalaṃ, kasmā? Vatthu aññaṃ na vijjatīti tassa kammassa vipaccanokāso añño khandhappabandho natthi, ime pana khandhā sabbaso upādānānaṃ pahīnattā anupādāno viya jātavedo carimakacittanirodhena appaṭisandhikā nirujjhantīti aññaṃ byākāsi.

Samitiguttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Kassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yena yena subhikkhānīti āyasmato kassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā tīsu vedesu aññesu ca brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato, so ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sumanapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. Karonto ca satthu samantato upari ca pupphamuṭṭhiyo khipi. Buddhānubhāvena pupphāni pupphāsanākārena sattāhaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. So taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso ahosi. Aparāparaṃ puññāni karonto kappasatasahassaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa udiccabrāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, kassapotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa daharakāleyeva pitā kālamakāsi. Mātā taṃ paṭijaggati. So ekadivasaṃ jetavanaṃ gato bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā hetusampannatāya tasmiṃyeva āsane sotāpanno hutvā mātu santikaṃ gantvā anujānāpetvā pabbajito satthari vuṭṭhavasse pavāretvā janapadacārikaṃ pakkante sayampi satthārā saddhiṃ gantukāmo āpucchituṃ mātu santikaṃ agamāsi. Mātā vissajjentī ovādavasena –

82.

‘‘Yena yena subhikkhāni, sivāni abhayāni ca;

Tena puttaka gacchassu, mā sokāpahato bhavā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha yena yenāti yattha yattha. Bhummatthe hi etaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ, yasmiṃ yasmiṃ disābhāgeti attho. Subhikkhānīti sulabhapiṇḍāni, raṭṭhānīti adhippāyo. Sivānīti khemāni arogāni. Abhayānīti corabhayādīhi nibbhayāni, rogadubbhikkhabhayāni pana ‘‘subhikkhāni, sivānī’’ti padadvayeneva gahitāni. Tenāti tattha, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ disābhāgeti attho. Puttakāti anukampantī taṃ ālapati. ti paṭisedhatthe nipāto sokāpahatoti vuttaguṇarahitāni raṭṭhāni gantvā dubbhikkhabhayādijanitena sokena upahato mā bhava māhosīti attho. Taṃ sutvā thero, ‘‘mama mātā mayhaṃ sokarahitaṭṭhānagamanaṃ āsīsati, handa mayaṃ sabbaso accantameva sokarahitaṃ ṭhānaṃ pattuṃ yutta’’nti ussāhajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.13.1-9) –

‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;

Abbhokāse ṭhito santo, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Sīhaṃ yathā vanacaraṃ, byaggharājaṃva nittasaṃ;

Tidhāpabhinnamātaṅgaṃ, kuñjaraṃva mahesinaṃ.

‘‘Sereyakaṃ gahetvāna, ākāse ukkhipiṃ ahaṃ;

Buddhassa ānubhāvena, parivārenti sabbaso.

‘‘Adhiṭṭhahi mahāvīro, sabbaññū lokanāyako;

Samantā pupphacchadanā, okiriṃsu narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Tato sā pupphakañcukā, antovaṇṭā bahimukhā;

Sattāhaṃ chadanaṃ katvā, tato antaradhāyatha.

‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Buddhe cittaṃ pasādesiṃ, sugate lokanāyake.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, sukkamūlena codito;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Pannarasasahassamhi, kappānaṃ pañcavīsati;

Vītamalāsanāmā ca, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘idameva mātu vacanaṃ arahattappattiyā aṅkusaṃ jāta’’nti tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Kassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Sīhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sīhappamatto viharāti āyasmato sīhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake atthadassissa bhagavato kāle candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre kinnarayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā pupphabhakkho pupphanivasano hutvā viharanto ākāsena gacchantaṃ atthadassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto pūjetukāmo añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā ākāsato oruyha aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle pallaṅkena nisīdi. Kinnaro candanasāraṃ ghaṃsitvā candanagandhena pupphehi ca pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde mallarājakule nibbatti, tassa sīhoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā dhammaṃ kathesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharati. Tassa cittaṃ nānārammaṇe vidhāvati, ekaggaṃ na hoti, sakatthaṃ nipphādetuṃ na sakkoti. Satthā taṃ disvā ākāse ṭhatvā –

83.

‘‘Sīhappamatto vihara, rattindivamatandito;

Bhāvehi kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, jaha sīghaṃ samussaya’’nti. –

Gāthāya ovadi. So gāthāvasāne vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.17-25) –

‘‘Candabhāgānadītīre, ahosiṃ kinnaro tadā;

Pupphabhakkho cahaṃ āsiṃ, pupphanivasano tathā.

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Vipinaggena niyyāsi, haṃsarājāva ambare.

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, cittaṃ te suvisodhitaṃ;

Pasannamukhavaṇṇosi, vippasannamukhindriyo.

‘‘Orohitvāna ākāsā, bhūripañño sumedhaso;

Saṅghāṭiṃ pattharitvāna, pallaṅkena upāvisi.

‘‘Vilīnaṃ candanādāya, agamāsiṃ jinantikaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Abhivādetvāna sambuddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Pāmojjaṃ janayitvāna, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, candanaṃ yaṃ apūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catuddase kappasate, ito āsiṃsu te tayo;

Rohaṇī nāma nāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Yā pana bhagavatā ovādavasena vuttā ‘‘sīhappamatto’’ti gāthā, tattha sīhāti tassa therassa ālapanaṃ. Appamatto viharāti satiyā avippavāsena pamādavirahito sabbiriyāpathesu satisampajaññayutto hutvā viharāhi. Idāni taṃ appamādavihāraṃ saha phalena saṅkhepato dassetuṃ ‘‘rattindiva’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tassattho – rattibhāgaṃ divasabhāgañca ‘‘caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.239; a. ni. 3.16; vibha. 519) vuttanayena catusammappadhānavasena atandito akusīto āraddhavīriyo kusalaṃ samathavipassanādhammañca lokuttaradhammañca bhāvehi uppādehi vaḍḍhehi ca, evaṃ bhāvetvā ca jaha sīghaṃ samussayanti tava samussayaṃ attabhāvaṃ paṭhamaṃ tāva tappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena sīghaṃ nacirasseva pajaha, evaṃbhūto ca pacchā carimakacittanirodhena anavasesato ca pajahissatīti. Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsīti.

Sīhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Nītattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sabbarattiṃsupitvānāti āyasmato nītattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle sunando nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā anekasate brāhmaṇe mante vācento vājapeyyaṃ nāma yaññaṃ yaji, bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ anukampanto yaññaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ākāse caṅkami. Brāhmaṇo satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso sissehi pupphāni āharāpetvā ākāse khipitvā pūjaṃ akāsi. Buddhānubhāvena taṃ ṭhānaṃ sakalañca nagaraṃ pupphapaṭavitānikaṃ viya chāditaṃ ahosi. Mahājano satthari uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi. Sunandabrāhmaṇo tena kusalamūlena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, nītotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto ‘‘ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sukhasīlā sukhasamācārā subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu senāsanesu viharanti, imesu pabbajitvā sukhena viharituṃ sakkā’’ti sukhābhilāsāya pabbajitvāva satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā katipāhameva manasikaritvā taṃ chaḍḍetvā yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā divasabhāgaṃ saṅgaṇikārāmo tiracchānakathāya vītināmeti, rattibhāgepi thinamiddhābhibhūto sabbarattiṃ supati. Satthā tassa hetuparipākaṃ oloketvā ovādaṃ dento –

84.

‘‘Sabbarattiṃ supitvāna, divā saṅgaṇike rato;

Kudāssu nāma dummedho, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sabbarattinti sakalaṃ rattiṃ. Supitvānāti niddāyitvā, ‘‘rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetī’’tiādinā vuttaṃ jāgariyaṃ ananuyuñjitvā kevalaṃ rattiyā tīsupi yāmesu niddaṃ okkamitvāti attho. Divāti divasaṃ, sakalaṃ divasabhāganti attho. Saṅgaṇiketi tiracchānakathikehi kāyadaḷhibahulapuggalehi sannisajjā saṅgaṇiko, tasmiṃ rato abhirato tattha avigatacchando ‘‘saṅgaṇike rato’’ti vutto ‘‘saṅgaṇikārato’’tipi pāḷi. Kudāssu nāmāti kudā nāma. Assūti nipātamattaṃ, kasmiṃ nāma kāleti attho. Dummedhoti nippañño. Dukkhassāti vaṭṭadukkhassa. Antanti pariyosānaṃ. Accantameva anuppādaṃ kadā nāma karissati, edisassa dukkhassantakaraṇaṃ natthīti attho. ‘‘Dummedha dukkhassantaṃ karissasī’’tipi pāḷi.

Evaṃ pana satthārā gāthāya kathitāya thero saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.26-33) –

‘‘Sunando nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;

Ajjhāyako yācayogo, vājapeyyaṃ ayājayi.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, aggo kāruṇiko isi;

Janataṃ anukampanto, ambare caṅkamī tadā.

‘‘Caṅkamitvāna sambuddho, sabbaññū lokanāyako;

Mettāya aphari satte, appamāṇe nirūpadhi.

‘‘Vaṇṭe chetvāna pupphāni, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;

Sabbe sisse samānetvā, ākāse ukkhipāpayi.

‘‘Yāvatā nagaraṃ āsi, pupphānaṃ chadanaṃ tadā;

Buddhassa ānubhāvena, sattāhaṃ na vigacchatha.

‘‘Teneva sukkamūlena, anubhotvāna sampadā;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, tiṇṇo loke visattikaṃ.

‘‘Ekārase kappasate, pañcatiṃsāsu khattiyā;

Ambaraṃsasanāmā te, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Nītattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Sunāgattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cittanimittassa kovidoti āyasmato sunāgattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekattiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā araññāyatane assame vasanto tīṇi brāhmaṇasahassāni mante vācesi. Athekadivasaṃ tassa satthāraṃ disvā lakkhaṇāni upadhāretvā lakkhaṇamante parivattentassa, ‘‘īdisehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato anantajino anantañāṇo buddho bhavissatī’’ti buddhañāṇaṃ ārabbha uḷāro pasādo uppajji. So tena cittappasādena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde nālakagāme aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, sunāgotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So dhammasenāpatissa gihisahāyo therassa santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā dassanabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhito pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.34-40) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, vasabho nāma pabbato;

Tasmiṃ pabbatapādamhi, assamo āsi māpito.

‘‘Tīṇi sissasahassāni, vācesiṃ brāhmaṇo tadā;

Saṃharitvāna te sisse, ekamantaṃ upāvisiṃ.

‘‘Ekamantaṃ nisīditvā, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;

Buddhavedaṃ gavesanto, ñāṇe cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.

‘‘Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, nisīdiṃ paṇṇasanthare;

Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattavīsati kappamhi, rājā siridharo ahu;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammadesanāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto –

85.

‘‘Cittanimittassa kovido, pavivekarasaṃ vijāniya;

Jhāyaṃ nipako patissato, adhigaccheyya sukhaṃ nirāmisa’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha cittanimittassa kovidoti bhāvanācittassa nimittaggahaṇe kusalo, ‘‘imasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, imasmiṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, imasmiṃ ajjhupekkhitabba’’nti evaṃ paggahaṇādiyogyassa cittanimittassa gahaṇe cheko. Pavivekarasaṃ vijāniyāti kāyavivekasaṃvaḍḍhitassa cittavivekassa rasaṃ sañjānitvā, vivekasukhaṃ anubhavitvāti attho. ‘‘Pavivekarasaṃ pitvā’’ti (dha. pa. 205) hi vuttaṃ. Jhāyanti paṭhamaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānena pacchā lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyanto. Nipakoti kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇe kusalo. Patissatoti upaṭṭhitassati. Adhigaccheyya sukhaṃ nirāmisanti evaṃ samathanimittādikosallena labbhe cittavivekasukhe patiṭṭhāya sato sampajāno hutvā vipassanājhāneneva jhāyanto kāmāmisavaṭṭāmisehi asammissatāya nirāmisaṃ nibbānasukhaṃ phalasukhañca adhigaccheyya samupagaccheyyāti attho.

Sunāgattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Nāgitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Itobahiddhā puthuaññavādinanti āyasmato nāgitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle nārado nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā ekadivasaṃ māḷake nisinno bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghena purakkhataṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tīhi gāthāhi abhitthavi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare sakyarājakule nibbatti, nāgitotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavati kapilavatthusmiṃ viharante madhupiṇḍikasuttaṃ (ma. ni. 1.199 ādayo) sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.47-54) –

‘‘Visālamāḷe āsīno, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Khīṇāsavaṃ balappattaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhataṃ.

‘‘Satasahassā tevijjā, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;

Parivārenti sambuddhaṃ, ko disvā nappasīdati.

‘‘Ñāṇe upanidhā yassa, na vijjati sadevake;

Anantañāṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, ko disvā nappasīdati.

‘‘Dhammakāyañca dīpentaṃ, kevalaṃ ratanākaraṃ;

Vikappetuṃ na sakkonti, ko disvā nappasīdati.

‘‘Imāhi tīhi gāthāhi, nāradovhayavacchalo;

Padumuttaraṃ thavitvāna, sambuddhaṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, buddhasanthavanena ca;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ito tiṃsakappasate, sumitto nāma khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu avitathadesanataṃ dhammassa ca niyyānikataṃ nissāya sañjātapītisomanasso pītivegappavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento –

86.

‘‘Ito bahiddhā puthuaññavādinaṃ, maggo na nibbānagamo yathā ayaṃ;

Itissu saṅghaṃ bhagavānusāsati, satthā sayaṃ pāṇitaleva dassaya’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha ito bahiddhāti imasmā buddhasāsanā bāhirake samaye, tenāha ‘‘puthuaññavādina’’nti, nānātitthiyānanti attho. Maggo na nibbānagamo yathā ayanti yathā ayaṃ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo ekaṃsena nibbānaṃ gacchatīti nibbānagamo, nibbānagāmī, evaṃ nibbānagamo maggo titthiyasamaye natthi asammāsambuddhappaveditattā aññatitthiyavādassa. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Idheva , bhikkhave, samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo, idha tatiyo samaṇo, idha catuttho samaṇo, suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.214; ma. ni. 1.139; a. ni. 4.241).

Itīti evaṃ. Assūti nipātamattaṃ. Saṅghanti bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, ukkaṭṭhaniddesoyaṃ yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti. Saṅghanti vā samūhaṃ, veneyyajananti adhippāyo. Bhagavāti bhāgyavantatādīhi kāraṇehi bhagavā, ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana paramatthadīpaniyaṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbo. Satthāti diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Sayanti sayameva. Ayañhettha attho – ‘‘sīlādikkhandhattayasaṅgaho sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgiko nibbānagāmī ariyamaggo yathā mama sāsane atthi, evaṃ bāhirakasamaye maggo nāma natthī’’ti sīhanādaṃ nadanto amhākaṃ satthā bhagavā sayameva sayambhūñāṇena ñātaṃ, sayameva vā mahākaruṇāsañcodito hutvā attano desanāvilāsasampattiyā hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya dassento bhikkhusaṅghaṃ veneyyajanataṃ anusāsati ovadatīti.

Nāgitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Paviṭṭhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Khandhā diṭṭhā yathābhūtanti āyasmato paviṭṭhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ karonto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle kesavo nāma tāpaso hutvā ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso abhivādetvā añjaliṃ paggayha padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule uppajjitvā anukkamena viññutaṃ patto nekkhammaninnajjhāsayatāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tattha sikkhitabbaṃ sikkhitvā vicaranto upatissakolitānaṃ buddhasāsane pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘tepi nāma mahāpaññā tattha pabbajitā, tadeva maññe seyyo’’ti satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Tassa satthā vipassanaṃ ācikkhi. So vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.55-59) –

‘‘Nārado iti me nāmaṃ, kesavo iti maṃ vidū;

Kusalākusalaṃ esaṃ, agamaṃ buddhasantikaṃ.

‘‘Mettacitto kāruṇiko, atthadassī mahāmuni;

Assāsayanto satte so, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;

Satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, pakkāmiṃ pācināmukho.

‘‘Sattarase kappasate, rājā āsi mahīpati;

Amittatāpano nāma, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto –

87.

‘‘Khandhā diṭṭhā yathābhūtaṃ, bhavā sabbe padālitā;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha khandhāti pañcupādānakkhandhā, te hi vipassanupalakkhaṇato sāmaññalakkhaṇato ca ñātapariññādīhi parijānanavasena vipassitabbā. Diṭṭhā yathābhūtanti vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā aviparītato diṭṭhā. Bhavā sabbe padālitāti kāmabhavādayo sabbe kammabhavā upapattibhavā ca maggañāṇasatthena bhinnā viddhaṃsitā. Kilesapadālaneneva hi kammopapattibhavā padālitā nāma honti. Tenāha ‘‘vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.

Paviṭṭhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Ajjunattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Asakkhiṃ vata attānanti āyasmato ajjunattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle sīhayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekadivasaṃ araññe aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ satthāraṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ kho imasmiṃ kāle sabbaseṭṭho purisasīho’’ti pasannamānaso supupphitasālasākhaṃ bhañjitvā satthāraṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhikule nibbatti. Ajjunotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto nigaṇṭhehi kataparicayo hutvā ‘‘evāhaṃ amataṃ adhigamissāmī’’ti vivaṭṭajjhāsayatāya daharakāleyeva nigaṇṭhesu pabbajitvā tattha sāraṃ alabhanto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho sāsane pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva arahā ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.60-65) –

‘‘Migarājā tadā āsiṃ, abhijāto sukesarī;

Giriduggaṃ gavesanto, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Ayaṃ nu kho mahāvīro, nibbāpeti mahājanaṃ;

Yaṃnūnāhaṃ upāseyyaṃ, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Sākhaṃ sālassa bhañjitvā, sakosaṃ pupphamāhariṃ;

Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, adāsiṃ pupphamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca navame kappe, virocanasanāmakā;

Tayo āsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā anuttarasukhādhigamasambhūtena pītivegena udānaṃ udānento –

88.

‘‘Asakkhiṃ vata attānaṃ, uddhātuṃ udakā thalaṃ;

Vuyhamāno mahogheva, saccāni paṭivijjhaha’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha asakkhinti sakkosiṃ. Vatāti vimhaye nipāto. Ativimhayanīyañhetaṃ yadidaṃ saccapaṭivedho. Tenāha –

‘‘Taṃ kiṃmaññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā durabhisambhavataraṃ vā, yaṃ sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyā’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.1115)?

Attānanti niyakajjhattaṃ sandhāya vadati. Yo hi paro na hoti so attāti. Uddhātunti uddharituṃ, ‘‘uddhaṭa’’ntipi pāṭho. Udakāti saṃsāramahoghasaṅkhātā udakā. Thalanti nibbānathalaṃ. Vuyhamāno mahoghevāti mahaṇṇave vuyhamāno viya. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā nāma gambhīravitthate appatiṭṭhe mahati udakoghe vegasā vuyhamāno puriso kenaci atthakāmena upanītaṃ phiyārittasampannaṃ daḷhanāvaṃ labhitvā sukheneva tato attānaṃ uddharituṃ sakkuṇeyya pāraṃ pāpuṇeyya, evamevāhaṃ saṃsāramahoghe kilesābhisaṅkhāravegena vuyhamāno satthārā upanītaṃ samathavipassanupetaṃ ariyamagganāvaṃ labhitvā tato attānaṃ uddharituṃ nibbānathalaṃ pattuṃ aho asakkhinti. Yathā pana asakkhi, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saccāni paṭivijjhaha’’nti āha. Yasmā ahaṃ dukkhādīni cattāri ariyasaccāni pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhiṃ ariyamaggañāṇena aññāsiṃ, tasmā asakkhiṃ vata attānaṃ uddhātuṃ udakā thalanti yojanā.

Ajjunattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. (Paṭhama) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Uttiṇṇā paṅkapalipāti āyasmato devasabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle pārāvatayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso piyālaphalaṃ upanesi. Satthā tassa pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ taṃ paribhuñji. So tena ativiya pasannacitto hutvā kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā cittaṃ pasādeti . So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa maṇḍalikarañño putto hutvā nibbatto taruṇakāleyeva rajje patiṭṭhito rajjasukhamanubhavanto vuddho satthāraṃ upasaṅkami, tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho saṃvegajāto rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.66-72) –

‘‘Pārāvato tadā āsiṃ, paraṃ anuparodhako;

Pabbhāre seyyaṃ kappemi, avidūre sikhisatthuno.

‘‘Sāyaṃ pātañca passāmi, buddhaṃ lokagganāyakaṃ;

Deyyadhammo ca me natthi, dvipadindassa tādino.

‘‘Piyālaphalamādāya , agamaṃ buddhasantikaṃ;

Paṭiggahesi bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho.

‘‘Tato paraṃ upādāya, paricāriṃ vināyakaṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Ekattiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ ahaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito pannarase kappe, tayo āsuṃ piyālino;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇavasena uppannasomanasso udānaṃ udānento –

89.

‘‘Uttiṇṇā paṅkapalipā, pātālā parivajjitā;

Mutto oghā ca ganthā ca, sabbe mānā visaṃhatā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha uttiṇṇāti uttaritā atikkantā. Paṅkapalipāti paṅkā ca palipā ca. Paṅko vuccati pakatikaddamo. ‘‘Palipo’’ti gambhīraputhulo mahākaddamo. Idha pana paṅko viyāti paṅko, kāmarāgo asucibhāvāpādanena cittassa makkhanato. Palipo viyāti palipo, puttadārādivisayo bahalo chandarāgo vuttanayena sammakkhanato duruttaraṇato ca. Te mayā anāgāmimaggena sabbaso atikkantāti āha ‘‘uttiṇṇā paṅkapalipā’’ti. Pātālāti pātāyālanti pātālā, mahāsamudde ninnatarapadesā. Keci pana nāgabhavanaṃ ‘‘pātāla’’nti vadanti. Idha pana agāhaduravaggāhaduruttaraṇaṭṭhena pātālā viyāti pātālā, diṭṭhiyo. Te ca mayā paṭhamamaggādhigameneva sabbathā vajjitā samucchinnāti āha ‘‘pātālā parivajjitā’’ti mutto oghā ca ganthā cāti kāmoghādioghato abhijjhākāyaganthādiganthato ca tena tena maggena mutto parimutto, puna anabhikiraṇaaganthanavasena atikkantoti attho. Sabbe mānā visaṃhatāti navavidhāpi mānā aggamaggādhigamena visesato saṅghātaṃ vināsaṃ āpāditā samucchinnā ‘‘mānavidhā hatā’’ti keci paṭhanti, mānakoṭṭhāsāti attho. ‘‘Mānavisā’’ti apare, tesaṃ pana mānavisassa dukkhassa phalato mānavisāti attho daṭṭhabbo.

(Paṭhama) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Sāmidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pañcakkhandhāpariññātāti āyasmato sāmidattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro atthadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute tassa thūpe pupphehi chattātichattaṃ katvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, sāmidattotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So anukkamena viññutaṃ patto buddhānubhāvaṃ sutvā upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannamānaso ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ desesi, yathā saddhaṃ paṭilabhi saṃsāre ca saṃvegaṃ. So paṭiladdhasaddho saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā ñāṇassa aparipakkattā katipayakālaṃ alasabahulī vihāsi. Puna satthārā dhammadesanāya samuttejito vipassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā tattha yuttappayutto viharanto nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.1-4) –

‘‘Parinibbute bhagavati, atthadassīnaruttame;

Chattātichattaṃ kāretvā, thūpamhi abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Kālena kālamāgantvā, namassiṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Pupphacchadanaṃ katvāna, chattamhi abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Sattarase kappasate, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Manussattaṃ na gacchāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

So aparabhāge bhikkhūhi ‘‘kiṃ tayā, āvuso, uttarimanussadhammo adhigato’’ti puṭṭho sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ attano ca dhammānudhammappaṭipattiṃ tesaṃ pavedento aññābyākaraṇavasena –

90.

‘‘Pañcakkhandhā pariññātā, tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha pañcakkhandhā pariññātāti mayā ime pañcupādānakkhandhā ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na tato bhiyyo’’ti tīhi pariññāhi paricchinditvā ñātā viditā paṭividdhā. Tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakāti tathā pariññātattāyeva mūlabhūtassa samudayassa sabbaso pahīnattā te idāni yāva carimakacittanirodho tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā, carimakacittanirodhena pana appaṭisandhikāva nirujjhanti. Tenāha – ‘‘vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.

Sāmidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Navamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Dasamavaggo

1. Paripuṇṇakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Natathā mataṃ satarasanti āyasmato paripuṇṇakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro dhammadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute satthu cetiye pupphādīhi uḷāraṃ pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto paripuṇṇavibhavatāya paripuṇṇakoti paññāyittha. So vibhavasampannatāya sabbakālaṃ satarasaṃ nāma āhāraṃ paribhuñjanto satthu missakāhāraparibhogaṃ sutvā ‘‘tāva sukhumālopi bhagavā nibbānasukhaṃ apekkhitvā yathā tathā yāpeti, kasmā mayaṃ āhāragiddhā hutvā āhārasuddhikā bhavissāma, nibbānasukhameva pana amhehi pariyesitabba’’nti saṃsāre jātasaṃvego gharāvāsaṃ pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā bhagavatā kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhāne niyojito tattha patiṭṭhāya paṭiladdhajhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.5-9) –

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, dhammadassīnarāsabhe;

Āropesiṃ dhajatthambhaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassa cetiye.

‘‘Nisseṇiṃ māpayitvāna, thūpaseṭṭhaṃ samāruhiṃ;

Jātipupphaṃ gahetvāna, thūpamhi abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, thūpasīkhasanāmakā;

Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā dhamme gāravabahumānena pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento ‘‘na tathā mataṃ satarasa’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

91. Tattha na tathā mataṃ satarasaṃ, sudhannaṃ yaṃ mayajja paribhuttanti tathāti tena pakārena. Matanti abhimataṃ. Satarasanti satarasabhojanaṃ ‘‘satarasabhojanaṃ nāma satapākasappiādīhi abhisaṅkhataṃ bhojana’’nti vadanti. Atha vā anekattho satasaddo ‘‘sataso sahassaso’’tiādīsu viya. Tasmā yaṃ bhojanaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjanaṃ, taṃ anekarasatāya ‘‘satarasa’’nti vuccati, nānārasabhojananti attho. Sudhā eva annaṃ sudhābhojanaṃ devānaṃ āhāro. Yaṃ mayajja paribhuttanti yaṃ mayā ajja anubhuttaṃ. ‘‘Yaṃ mayā paribhutta’’nti ca idaṃ ‘‘satarasaṃ sudhanna’’nti etthāpi yojetabbaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ mayā ajja etarahi nirodhasamāpattisamāpajjanavasena phalasamāpattisamāpajjanavasena ca accantameva santaṃ paṇītaṃ nibbānasukhaṃ paribhuñjiyamānaṃ, taṃ yathā mataṃ abhimataṃ sambhāvitaṃ tathā rājakāle mayā paribhuttaṃ satarasabhojanaṃ devattabhāve paribhuttaṃ sudhannañca na mataṃ nābhimataṃ. Kasmā? Idañhi ariyanisevitaṃ nirāmisaṃ kilesānaṃ avatthubhūtaṃ, taṃ pana puthujjanasevitaṃ sāmisaṃ kilesānaṃ vatthubhūtaṃ, taṃ imassa saṅkhampi kalampi kalabhāgampi na upetīti. Idāni ‘‘yaṃ mayajja paribhutta’’nti vuttadhammaṃ desento aparimitadassinā gotamena, buddhena sudesito dhammo’’ti āha. Tassattho – aparimitaṃ aparicchinnaṃ uppādavayābhāvato santaṃ asaṅkhatadhātuṃ sayambhūñāṇena passī, aparimitassa anantāparimeyyassa ñeyyassa dassāvīti tena aparimitadassinā gotamagottena sammāsambuddhena ‘‘khayaṃ virāgaṃ amataṃ paṇīta’’nti (khu. pā. 6.4; su. ni. 227) ca ‘‘madanimmadano pipāsavinayo’’ (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘sabbasaṅkhārasamatho’’ti (a. ni. 5.140; 10.6) ca ādinā suṭṭhu desito dhammo, nibbānaṃ mayā ajja paribhuttanti yojanā.

Paripuṇṇakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Vijayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yassāsavāparikkhīṇāti āyasmato vijayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro piyadassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute tassa thūpassa ratanakhacitaṃ vedikaṃ kāretvā tattha uḷāraṃ vedikāmahaṃ kāresi. So tena puññakammena anekasate attabhāve maṇiobhāsena vicari. Evaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, vijayotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane jhānalābhī hutvā viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā uppannappasādo satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.10-14) –

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, piyadassīnaruttame;

Pasannacitto sumano, muttāvedimakāsahaṃ.

‘‘Maṇīhi parivāretvā, akāsiṃ vedimuttamaṃ;

Vedikāya mahaṃ katvā, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Maṇī dhārenti ākāse, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Soḷasito kappasate, maṇippabhāsanāmakā;

Chattiṃsāsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘yassāsavā parikkhīṇā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

92. Tattha yassāsavā parikkhīṇāti yassa uttamapuggalassa kāmāsavādayo cattāro āsavā sabbaso khīṇā ariyamaggena khepitā. Āhāre ca anissitoti yo ca āhāre taṇhādiṭṭhinissayehi anissito agadhito anajjhāpanno, nidassanamattaṃ, āhārasīsenettha cattāropi paccayā gahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paccayapariyāyo vā idha āhāra-saddo veditabbo. ‘‘Suññato animitto cā’’ti ettha appaṇihitavimokkhopi gahitoyeva, tīṇipi cetāni nibbānasseva nāmāni. Nibbānañhi rāgādīnaṃ abhāvena suññaṃ, tehi vimuttañcāti suññatavimokkho, tathā rāgādinimittābhāvena saṅkhāranimittābhāvena ca animittaṃ , tehi vimuttañcāti animittavimokkho, rāgādipaṇidhīnaṃ abhāvena appaṇihitaṃ, tehi vimuttañcāti appaṇihito vimokkhoti vuccati. Phalasamāpattivasena taṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā viharantassa ayampi tividho vimokkho yassa gocaro, ākāseva sakuntānaṃ, padaṃ tassa durannayanti yathā ākāse gacchantānaṃ sakuṇānaṃ ‘‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne pādehi akkamitvā gatā, idaṃ ṭhānaṃ urena paharitvā gatā, idaṃ sīsena, idaṃ pakkhehī’’ti na sakkā ñātuṃ, evameva evarūpassa bhikkhuno ‘‘nirayapadādīsu iminā nāma padena gato’’ti ñāpetuñca na sakkāti.

Vijayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Erakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dukkhā kāmā erakāti āyasmato erakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso satthu kiñci dātabbayuttakaṃ alabhanto ‘‘handāhaṃ kāyasāraṃ puññaṃ karissāmī’’ti satthu gamanamaggaṃ sodhetvā samaṃ akāsi. Satthā tena tathākataṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji . So tattha bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha pasannacitto yāva dassanupacārasamatikkamā buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahanto aṭṭhāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ sambhāvanīyassa kuṭumbiyassa putto hutvā nibbatti, erakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko itikattabbatāsu paramena veyyattiyena samannāgato. Tassa mātāpitaro kulena rūpena ācārena vayena kosallena ca anucchavikaṃ dārikaṃ ānetvā vivāhakammaṃ akaṃsu . So tāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsena gehe vasanto pacchimabhavikattā kenacideva saṃvegavatthunā saṃsāre saṃviggamānaso satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji, tassa satthā kammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā katipayadivasātikkamena ukkaṇṭhābhibhūto vihāsi. Atha satthā tassa cittappavattiṃ ñatvā ovādavasena ‘‘dukkhā kāmā erakā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi. So taṃ sutvā ‘‘ayuttaṃ mayā kataṃ, yohaṃ evarūpassa satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā taṃ vissajjento micchāvitakkabahulo vihāsi’’nti saṃvegajāto vipassanāya yuttappayutto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.32-36) –

‘‘Uttaritvāna nadikaṃ, vanaṃ gacchati cakkhumā;

Tamaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, siddhatthaṃ varalakkhaṇaṃ.

‘‘Kudālapiṭakamādāya , samaṃ katvāna taṃ pathaṃ;

Satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, maggadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi, eko āsiṃ janādhipo;

Nāmena suppabuddhoti, nāyako so narissaro.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahā pana hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto –

93.

‘‘Dukkhā kāmā eraka, na sukhā kāmā eraka;

Yo kāme kāmayati, dukkhaṃ so kāmayati eraka;

Yo kāme na kāmayati, dukkhaṃ so na kāmayati erakā’’ti. –

Tameva bhagavatā vuttagāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Tattha dukkhā kāmāti ime vatthukāmakilesakāmā dukkhavatthutāya vipariṇāmadukkhasaṃsāradukkhasabhāvato ca, dukkhā dukkhamā dukkhanibbattikā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’’tiādi (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.234). Erakāti paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavā taṃ ālapati, pacchā pana thero attānaṃ nāmena kathesi. Na sukhā kāmāti kāmā nāmete jānantassa sukhā na honti, ajānantassa pana sukhato upaṭṭhahanti. Yathāha – ‘‘yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 4.253; itivu. 53; theragā. 986). Yo kāme kāmayati, dukkhaṃ so kāmayatīti yo satto kilesakāmena vatthukāme kāmayati, tassa taṃ kāmanaṃ sampati sapariḷāhatāya , āyatiṃ apāyadukkhahetutāya ca vaṭṭadukkhahetutāya ca dukkhaṃ. Vatthukāmā pana dukkhassa vatthubhūtā. Iti so dukkhasabhāvaṃ dukkhanimittaṃ dukkhavatthuñca kāmayatīti vutto. Itaraṃ paṭipakkhavasena tamevatthaṃ ñāpetuṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā tassattho vuttavipariyāyena veditabbo.

Erakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Mettajittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Namohi tassa bhagavatoti āyasmato mettajittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira anomadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto sāsane abhippasanno hutvā bodhirukkhassa iṭṭhakāhi vedikaṃ cinitvā sudhāparikammaṃ kāresi. Satthā tassa anumodanaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, mettajītissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññe viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā pubbahetunā codiyamāno satthu santikaṃ gantvā pavattinivattiyo ārabbha pañhaṃ pucchitvā satthārā pañhe vissajjite paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.26-31) –

‘‘Anomadassīmunino, bodhivedimakāsahaṃ;

Sudhāya piṇḍaṃ datvāna, pāṇikammaṃ akāsahaṃ.

‘‘Disvā taṃ sukataṃ kammaṃ, anomadassī naruttamo;

Bhikkhusaṅghe ṭhito satthā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Iminā sudhakammena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, dukkhassantaṃ karissati.

‘‘Pasannamukhavaṇṇomhi, ekaggo susamāhito;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Ito kappasate āsiṃ, paripuṇṇe anūnake;

Rājā sabbaghano nāma, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ thomento –

94.

‘‘Namo hi tassa bhagavato, sakyaputtassa sirīmato;

Tenāyaṃ aggappattena, aggadhammo sudesito’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha namoti namakkāro. ti nipātamattaṃ. Tassāti yo so bhagavā samattiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhañjitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, sakyarājassa puttoti sakyaputto. Anaññasādhāraṇāya puññasampattiyā ca sambhāvito uttamāya rūpakāyasiriyā dhammakāyasiriyā ca samannāgatattā sirīmā, tassa bhagavato sakyaputtassa sirīmato namo atthu, taṃ namāmīti attho. Tenāti tena bhagavatā. Ayanti tassa dhammassa attano paccakkhatāya vadati. Aggappattenāti aggaṃ sabbaññutaṃ, sabbehi vā guṇehi aggabhāvaṃ seṭṭhabhāvaṃ pattena. Aggadhammoti aggo uttamo navavidhalokuttaro dhammo suṭṭhu aviparītaṃ desito paveditoti.

Mettajittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Cakkhupālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Andhohaṃ hatanettosmīti āyasmato cakkhupālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavati parinibbute thūpamahe kayiramāne umāpupphaṃ gahetvā thūpaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ mahāsuvaṇṇassa nāma kuṭumbikassa putto hutvā nibbatti, tassa pāloti nāmamakaṃsu. Mātā tassa ādhāvitvā paridhāvitvā vicaraṇakāle aññaṃ puttaṃ labhi. Tassa mātāpitaro cūḷapāloti nāmaṃ katvā itaraṃ mahāpāloti vohariṃsu. Atha te vayappatte gharabandhanena bandhiṃsu. Tasmiṃ samaye satthā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane. Tattha mahāpālo jetavanaṃ gacchantehi upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho kuṭumbabhāraṃ kaniṭṭhabhātikasseva bhāraṃ katvā sayaṃ pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado ācariyupajjhāyānaṃ santike pañcavassāni vasitvā vuṭṭhavasso pavāretvā satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā saṭṭhimatte sahāyabhikkhū labhitvā tehi saddhiṃ bhāvanānukūlaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pariyesanto aññataraṃ paccantagāmaṃ nissāya gāmavāsikehi upāsakehi kāretvā dinnāya araññāyatane paṇṇasālāya vasanto samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Tassa akkhirogo uppanno. Vejjo bhesajjaṃ sampādetvā adāsi. So vejjena vuttavidhānaṃ na paṭipajji. Tenassa rogo vaḍḍhi. So ‘‘akkhirogavūpasamanato kilesarogavūpasamanameva mayhaṃ vara’’nti akkhirogaṃ ajjhupekkhitvā vipassanāyayeva yuttappayutto ahosi. Tassa bhāvanaṃ ussukkāpentassa apubbaṃ acarimaṃ akkhīni ceva kilesā ca bhijjiṃsu. So sukkhavipassako arahā ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.21-25) –

‘‘Nibbute lokamahite, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahe;

Siddhatthamhi bhagavati, mahāthūpamaho ahu.

‘‘Mahe pavattamānamhi, siddhatthassa mahesino;

Umāpupphaṃ gahetvāna, thūpamhi abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca navame kappe, somadevasanāmakā;

Pañcāsītisu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha there akkhirogena vihāre ohīne gāmaṃ piṇḍāya gate bhikkhū disvā upāsakā ‘‘kasmā thero nāgato’’ti pucchitvā tamatthaṃ sutvā sokābhibhūtā piṇḍapātaṃ upanetvā, ‘‘bhante, kiñci mā cintayittha, idāni mayameva piṇḍapātaṃ ānetvā upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti tathā karonti. Bhikkhū therassa ovāde ṭhatvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ patvā vuṭṭhavassā pavāretvā, ‘‘satthāraṃ vandituṃ sāvatthiṃ gamissāma, bhante’’ti āhaṃsu. Thero, ‘‘ahaṃ dubbalo acakkhuko, maggo ca saupaddavo, mayā saddhiṃ gacchantānaṃ tumhākaṃ parissayo bhavissati, tumhe paṭhamaṃ gacchatha, gantvā satthāraṃ mahāthere ca mama vandanāya vandatha, cūḷapālassa mama pavattiṃ kathetvā kañci purisaṃ peseyyāthā’’ti āha. Te punapi yācitvā gamanaṃ alabhantā ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā upāsake āpucchitvā anukkamena jetavanaṃ gantvā satthāraṃ mahāthere ca tassa vandanāya vanditvā dutiyadivase sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā cūḷapālassa taṃ pavattiṃ vatvā tena ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, mayhaṃ bhāgineyyo pālito nāma, imaṃ pesissāmī’’ti vutte, ‘‘maggo saparissayo, na sakkā ekena gahaṭṭhena gantuṃ, tasmā pabbājetabbo’’ti taṃ pabbājetvā pesesuṃ. So anukkamena therassa santikaṃ gantvā attānaṃ tassa orocetvā taṃ gahetvā āgacchanto antarāmagge aññatarassa gāmassa sāmantā araññaṭṭhāne ekissā kaṭṭhahāriyā gāyantiyā saddaṃ sutvā paṭibaddhacitto hutvā yaṭṭhikoṭiṃ vissajjetvā ‘‘tiṭṭhatha, bhante, muhuttaṃ yāvāhaṃ āgacchāmī’’ti vatvā tassā santikaṃ gantvā tattha sīlavipattiṃ pāpuṇi. Thero idānimeva itthiyā gītasaddo suto, sāmaṇero ca cirāyati, nūna sīlavipattiṃ patto bhavissatī’’ti cintesi. Sopi āgantvā ‘‘gacchāma, bhante’’ti āha. Thero ‘‘kiṃ pāpo jātosī’’ti pucchi. Sāmaṇero tuṇhī hutvā puna pucchitopi na kathesi. Thero ‘‘tādisena pāpena mayhaṃ yaṭṭhigahaṇakiccaṃ natthi, gaccha tva’’nti vatvā puna tena ‘‘bahuparissayo maggo, tumhe ca andhā, kathaṃ gamissathā’’ti vutte ‘‘bāla idheva me nipajjitvā marantassāpi aparāparaṃ parivattentassāpi tādisena gamanaṃ nāma natthī’’ti imamatthaṃ dassento –

95.

‘‘Andhohaṃ hatanettosmi, kantāraddhānapakkhando;

Sayamānopi gacchissaṃ, na sahāyena pāpenā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsittha;

Tattha andhoti cakkhuvikalo. Hatanettoti vinaṭṭhacakkhuko, tena ‘‘payogavipattivasenāhaṃ upahatanettatāya andho, na jaccandhabhāvenā’’ti yathāvuttaṃ andhabhāvaṃ viseseti. Atha vā ‘‘andho’’ti idaṃ ‘‘andhe jiṇṇe mātāpitaro posetī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.288) viya maṃsacakkhuvekalladīpanaṃ, ‘‘sabbepime paribbājakā andhā acakkhukā’’ (udā. 54) ‘‘andho ekacakkhu dvicakkhū’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.29) viya na paññācakkhuvekalladīpananti dassetuṃ ‘‘hatanettosmī’’ti vuttaṃ, tena mukhyameva andhabhāvaṃ dasseti. Kantāraddhānapakkhandoti kantāre vivane dīghamaggaṃ anupaviṭṭho, na jātikantārādigahanaṃ saṃsāraddhānaṃ paṭipannoti adhippāyo. Tādisañhi kantāraddhānaṃ ayaṃ thero samatikkamitvā ṭhito, sayamānopīti sayantopi, pādesu avahantesu urena jaṇṇukāhi ca bhūmiyaṃ saṃsaranto parivattentopi gaccheyyaṃ. Na sahāyena pāpenāti tādisena pāpapuggalena sahāyabhūtena saddhiṃ na gacchissanti yojanā. Taṃ sutvā itaro saṃvegajāto ‘‘bhāriyaṃ vata mayā sāhasikakammaṃ kata’’nti bāhā paggayha kandanto vanasaṇḍaṃ pakkhando ca ahosi. Atha therassa sīlatejena paṇḍukambalasilāsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. Tena sakko taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā therassa santikaṃ gantvā sāvatthigāmipurisaṃ viya attānaṃ ñāpetvā yaṭṭhikoṭiṃ gaṇhanto maggaṃ saṅkhipitvā tadaheva sāyanhe sāvatthiyaṃ theraṃ netvā tattha jetavane cūḷapālitena kāritāya paṇṇasālāya phalake nisīdāpetvā tassa sahāyavaṇṇena therassa āgatabhāvaṃ jānāpetvā pakkāmi; cūḷapālitopi taṃ yāvajīvaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhāsīti.

Cakkhupālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Khaṇḍasumanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ekapupphaṃcajitvānāti āyasmato khaṇḍasumanattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute tassa thūpassa samantato candanavedikāya parikkhipitvā mahantaṃ pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu uḷāraṃ sampattiṃ anubhavanto kassapassa bhagavato kāle kuṭumbikakule nibbatto satthari parinibbute kanakathūpaṃ uddissa raññā pupphapūjāya kayiramānāya pupphāni alabhanto ekaṃ khaṇḍasumanapupphaṃ disvā mahatā mūlena taṃ kiṇitvā gaṇhanto cetiye pūjaṃ karonto uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppādesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā asīti vassakoṭiyo saggasukhaṃ anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde pāvāyaṃ mallarājakule nibbatti. Tassa jātakāle gehe khaṇḍasakkharā sumanapupphāni ca uppannāni ahesuṃ. Tenassa khaṇḍasumanoti nāmamakaṃsu. So viññutaṃ patto bhagavati pāvāyaṃ cundassa ambavane viharante upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.15-20) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Jalitvā aggikkhandhova, sambuddho parinibbuto.

‘‘Nibbute ca mahāvīre, thūpo vitthāriko ahu;

Dūratova upaṭṭhenti, dhātugehavaruttame.

‘‘Pasannacitto, sumano, akaṃ candanavedikaṃ;

Dissati thūpakhandho ca, thūpānucchaviko tadā.

‘‘Bhave nibbattamānamhi, devatte atha mānuse;

Omattaṃ me na passāmi, pubbakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pañcadasakappasate, ito aṭṭha janā ahuṃ;

Sabbe samattanāmā te cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano purimajātiṃ anussaranto tattha attano sumanapupphapariccāgassa saggasampattinimittakaṃ nibbānūpanissayatañca disvā udānavasena tamatthaṃ pakāsento –

96.

‘‘Ekapupphaṃ cajitvāna, asīti vassakoṭiyo;

Saggesu paricāretvā, sesakenamhi nibbuto’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ekapupphanti ekaṃ kusumaṃ, taṃ pana idha sumanapupphaṃ adhippetaṃ. Cajitvānāti satthu thūpapūjākaraṇavasena pariccajitvā pariccāgahetu. Asīti vassakoṭiyoti manussagaṇanāya vassānaṃ asīti koṭiyo, accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ, idañca chasu kāmasaggesu dutiye aparāparuppattivasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tasmā saggesūti tāvatiṃsasaṅkhāte saggaloke, punappunaṃ uppajjanavasena hettha bahuvacanaṃ. Paricāretvāti rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu indriyāni paricāretvā sukhaṃ anubhavitvā, devaccharāhi vā attānaṃ paricāretvā upaṭṭhāpetvā. Sesakenamhi nibbutoti pupphapūjāya vasena pavattakusalacetanāsu bhavasampatti dāyakakammato sesena yaṃ tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayabhūtaṃ, taṃ sandhāya vadati. Bahū hi tattha pubbāparavasena pavattā cetanā. Sesakenāti vā tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesena aparikkhīṇeyeva tasmiṃ kammavipāke nibbuto amhi, kilesaparinibbānena parinibbutosmi. Etena yasmiṃ attabhāve ṭhatvā attanā arahattaṃ sacchikataṃ, sopi carimattabhāvo tassa kammavipākoti dasseti. Yādisaṃ sandhāya aññatthāpi ‘‘tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesenā’’ti (pārā. 228; saṃ. ni. 1.131) vuttaṃ.

Khaṇḍasumanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Hitvā satapalaṃ kaṃsanti āyasmato tissattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro vipassissa bhagavato kāle yānakārakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso candanakhaṇḍena phalakaṃ katvā bhagavato upanāmesi, tañca bhagavā paribhuñji. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde roruvanagare rājakule nibbatti. So vayappatto pitari kālaṅkate rajje patiṭṭhito bimbisārarañño adiṭṭhasahāyo hutvā tassa maṇimuttāvatthādīni paṇṇākārāni pesesi. Tassa rājā bimbisāro puññavantataṃ sutvā paṭipābhataṃ pesento cittapaṭe buddhacaritaṃ suvaṇṇapaṭṭe ca paṭiccasamuppādaṃ likhāpetvā pesesi. So taṃ disvā purimabuddhesu katādhikāratāya pacchimabhavikatāya ca cittapaṭe dassentaṃ buddhacaritaṃ suvaṇṇapaṭṭake likhitaṃ paṭiccasamuppādakkamañca oloketvā pavattinivattiyo sallakkhetvā sāsanakkamaṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā sañjātasaṃvego ‘‘diṭṭho mayā bhagavato veso, sāsanakkamo ca ekapadesena ñāto, bahudukkhā kāmā bahupāyāsā, kiṃ dāni mayhaṃ gharāvāsenā’’ti rajjaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādento bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitvā mattikāpattaṃ gahetvā rājā pukkusāti viya mahājanassa paridevantasseva nagarato nikkhamitvā anukkamena rājagahaṃ gantvā tattha sappasoṇḍikapabbhāre viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammadesanaṃ sutvā vipassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā yuttappayutto viharanto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.37-42) –

‘‘Yānakāro pure āsiṃ, dārukamme susikkhito;

Candanaṃ phalakaṃ katvā, adāsiṃ lokabandhuno.

‘‘Pabhāsati idaṃ byamhaṃ, suvaṇṇassa sunimmitaṃ;

Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, dibbayānaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ.

‘‘Pāsādā sivikā ceva, nibbattanti yadicchakaṃ;

Akkhubbhaṃ ratanaṃ mayhaṃ, phalakassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, phalakaṃ yamahaṃ dadiṃ;

Duggati nābhijānāmi, phalakassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi, caturo nimmitāvhayā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā udānavasena attano paṭipattiṃ kathento –

97.

‘‘Hitvā satapalaṃ kaṃsaṃ, sovaṇṇaṃ satarājikaṃ;

Aggahiṃ mattikāpattaṃ, idaṃ dutiyābhisecana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha hitvāti pariccajitvā. Satapalanti sataṃ palāni yassa, taṃ satapalaparimāṇaṃ. Kaṃsanti thālaṃ. Sovaṇṇanti suvaṇṇamayaṃ. Satarājikanti bhittivicittatāya ca anekarūparājicittatāya ca anekalekhāyuttaṃ. Aggahiṃ mattikāpattanti evarūpe mahārahe bhājane pubbe bhuñjitvā buddhānaṃ ovādaṃ karonto ‘‘idānāhaṃ taṃ chaḍḍetvā mattikāmayapattaṃ aggahesiṃ , aho, sādhu, mayā kataṃ ariyavataṃ anuṭhita’’nti bhājanakittanāpadesena rajjapariccāgaṃ pabbajjūpagamanañca anumodanto vadati. Tenāha ‘‘idaṃ dutiyābhisecana’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ rajjābhisecanaṃ upādāya idaṃ pabbajjūpagamanaṃ mama dutiyaṃ abhisecanaṃ. Tañhi rāgādīhi saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ sāsaṅkaṃ saparisaṅkaṃ kammaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ dukkhapaṭibaddhaṃ nihīnaṃ, idaṃ pana taṃvipariyāyato uttamaṃ paṇītanti adhippāyo.

Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhāti āyasmato abhayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sumedhaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto saḷalapupphehi pūjamakāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā abhayoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno ekadivasaṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto viharati. Athassa ekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhassa alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ mātugāmaṃ disvā ayonisomanasikāravasena tassa rūpaṃ ārabbha chandarāgo uppajji, so vihāraṃ pavisitvā ‘‘satiṃ vissajjitvā olokentassa rūpārammaṇe mayhaṃ kileso uppanno, ayuttaṃ mayā kata’’nti attano cittaṃ niggaṇhanto tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.43-47) –

‘‘Sumedho nāma nāmena, sayambhū aparājito;

Vivekamanubrūhanto, ajjhogahi mahāvanaṃ.

‘‘Saḷalaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, ganthitvāna vaṭaṃsakaṃ;

Buddhassa abhiropesiṃ, sammukhā lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ūnavīse kappasate, soḷasāsuṃ sunimmitā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano kilesuppattinidassanena ‘‘kilese anuvattentassa vaṭṭadukkhato nattheva sīsukkhipanaṃ. Ahaṃ pana te nānuvatti’’nti dassento –

98.

‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati;

Tassa vaḍḍhanti āsavā, bhavamūlopagāmino’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha rūpanti rajjanīyaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ, taṃ panettha itthirūpaṃ adhippetaṃ. Disvāti cakkhunā disvā, cakkhudvārānusārena nimittānubyañjanasallakkhaṇavasena taṃ gahetvā, tassa tathāgahaṇahetūti attho. Sati muṭṭhāti asubhasabhāve kāye ‘‘asubha’’ntveva pavattanasati naṭṭhā. Yathā pana rūpaṃ disvā sati naṭṭhā, taṃ dassento āha ‘‘piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto’’ti. Yathāupaṭṭhitaṃ ārammaṇaṃ ‘‘subhaṃ sukha’’ntiādinā piyanimittaṃ katvā ayonisomanasikārena manasikaroto sati muṭṭhāti yojanā. Tathā bhūtova sārattacitto vedetīti suṭṭhu rattacitto hutvā taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ anubhavati abhinandati, abhinandanto pana tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati ajjhosāya taṃ ārammaṇaṃ gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā vattati ceva, evaṃbhūtassa ca tassa vaḍḍhanti āsavā bhavamūlopagāminoti bhavassa saṃsārassa mūlabhāvaṃ kāraṇabhāvaṃ upagamanasabhāvā kāmāsavādayo cattāropi āsavā tassa puggalassa uparūpari vaḍḍhantiyeva, na hāyanti. Mayhaṃ pana paṭisaṅkhāne ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saccāni paṭivijjhantassa maggapaṭipāṭiyā te cattāropi āsavā anavasesato pahīnā parikkhīṇāti adhippāyo.

Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Saddaṃsutvā sati muṭṭhāti āyasmato uttiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto gonakādiatthataṃ sauttaracchadaṃ buddhārahaṃ pallaṅkaṃ gandhakuṭiyaṃ paññāpetvā adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbatti, tassa uttiyoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ekadivasaṃ nāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho antarāmagge mātugāmassa gītasaddaṃ sutvā ayonisomanasikāravasena tattha chandarāge uppanne paṭisaṅkhānabalena taṃ vikkhambhetvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā sañjātasaṃvego divāṭṭhāne nisīditvā tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.15.48-52) –

‘‘Sumedhassa bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;

Pallaṅko hi mayā dinno, sauttarasapacchado.

‘‘Sattaratanasampanno, pallaṅko āsi so tadā;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, nibbattati sadā mama.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, pallaṅkamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pallaṅkassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Vīsakappasahassamhi, suvaṇṇābhā tayo janā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano kilesuppattinidassanena ‘‘kilese ajigucchantassa natthi vaṭṭadukkhato sīsukkhipanaṃ, ahaṃ pana te jigucchimevā’’ti dassento –

99.

‘‘Saddaṃ sutvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati;

Tassa vaḍḍhanti āsavā, saṃsāra upagāmino’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha saddanti rajjanīyaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ, saṃsāraupagāminoti –

‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;

Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. –

Evaṃ vuttasaṃsāravaṭṭakāraṇaṃ hutvā upagamentīti saṃsāraupagāmino, ‘‘saṃsārūpagāmino’’ti vā pāṭho. Sesaṃ anantaragāthāya vuttanayameva.

Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. (Dutiya) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sammappadhānasampannoti āyasmato devasabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso bandhujīvakapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbatti, tassa devasabhoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto cumbaṭakalahavūpasamanatthaṃ satthari āgate buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā pasannamānaso saraṇesu patiṭṭhito puna nigrodhārāme satthari viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.1-6) –

‘‘Candaṃva vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;

Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ loke visattikaṃ.

‘‘Nibbāpayantaṃ janataṃ, tiṇṇaṃ tārayataṃ varaṃ;

Muniṃ vanamhi jhāyantaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.

‘‘Bandhujīvakapupphāni, lagetvā suttakenahaṃ;

Buddhassa abhiropayiṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito sattamake kappe, manujindo mahāyaso;

Samantacakkhunāmāsi, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā adhigataṃ vimuttisukhaṃ nissāya uppannapītisomanasso udānavasena –

100.

‘‘Sammappadhānasampanno , satipaṭṭhānagocaro;

Vimuttikusumasañchanno, parinibbissatyanāsavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sammappadhānasampannoti sampannacatubbidhasammappadhāno, tehi kattabbakiccaṃ sampādetvā ṭhitoti attho. Satipaṭṭhānagocaroti kāyānupassanādayo satipaṭṭhānā gocaro pavattiṭṭhānaṃ etassāti satipaṭṭhānagocaro, catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu patiṭṭhitacittoti attho. Guṇasobhena paramasugandhā vimuttiyeva kusumāni, tehi sabbaso sammadeva sañchanno vibhūsito alaṅkatoti vimuttikusumasañchanno. Parinibbissatyanāsavoti evaṃ sammā paṭipajjanto bhikkhu nacirasseva anāsavo hutvā parinibbissati saupādisesāya anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyāti attho. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

(Dutiya) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dasamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

11. Ekādasamavaggo

1. Belaṭṭhānikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Hitvāgihittaṃ anavositattotiādikā āyasmato belaṭṭhānikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā isīhi parivuto vicaranto ekadivasaṃ vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pītisomanassajāto satthu ñāṇasampattiṃ nissāya pasannamānaso ñāṇaṃ uddissa pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā belaṭṭhānikoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā kosalaraṭṭhe araññe viharanto alaso kāyadaḷhibahulo pharusavāco ahosi, samaṇadhamme cittaṃ na uppādesi. Atha naṃ bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā –

101.

‘‘Hitvā gihittaṃ anavositatto, mukhanaṅgalī odariko kusīto;

Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti. –

Imāya obhāsagāthāya saṃvejesi. So satthāraṃ purato nisinnaṃ viya disvā tañca gāthaṃ sutvā saṃvegajāto ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.41-46) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;

Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, osadhiṃ viya tārakaṃ.

‘‘Tayo māṇavakā āsuṃ, sake sippe susikkhitā;

Khāribhāraṃ gahetvāna, anventi mama pacchato.

‘‘Puṭake satta pupphāni, nikkhittāni tapassinā;

Gahetvā tāni ñāṇamhi, vessabhussābhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekūnatiṃsakappamhi, vipulābhasanāmako;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu ovādaṃ paṭipūjento byatirekamukhena ca aññaṃ byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Tattha hitvā gihittanti gahaṭṭhabhāvaṃ pariccajitvā pabbajitvāti attho. Anavositattoti anurūpaṃ avositatto, yadatthaṃ sāsane pabbajantassa anurūpapariññādīnaṃ atīritattā apariyositabhāvo akatakaraṇīyoti attho. Atha vā anavositattoti anuavositasabhāvo, visuddhīnaṃ maggānañca anupaṭipāṭiyā vasitabbavāsassa akatāvī, dasasu ariyavāsesu avusitavāti attho. Mukhasaṅkhātaṃ naṅgalaṃ imassa atthīti mukhanaṅgalī. Naṅgalena viya pathaviṃ paresu pharusavācappayogena attānaṃ khanantoti attho. Odarikoti udare pasuto udaraposanatapparo. Kusītoti alaso, bhāvanaṃ ananuyuñjanto. Evaṃbhūtassa nipphattiṃ dassento āha ‘‘mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Ettha ca yathā pabbajitvā anavositādisabhāvatāya punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando, na evaṃ mādiso paṇḍito. Tabbiparītasabhāvatāya pana sammāpaṭipattiyā matthakaṃ pāpitattā parinibbāyatīti byatirekamukhena aññaṃ byākāsīti daṭṭhabbanti.

Belaṭṭhānikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Setucchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Mānenavañcitāseti āyasmato setucchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto tissassa sammāsambuddhassa kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ tissaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sumadhuraṃ panasaphalaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ nāḷikerasāḷavaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa maṇḍalikarañño putto hutvā nibbatti, setucchotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So pitari mate rajje patiṭṭhito ussāhasattīnaṃ abhāvena rājakiccāni virādhento rajjaṃ parahatthagataṃ katvā dukkhappattiyā saṃvegajāto janapadacārikaṃ carantaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā parikammaṃ karonto tadaheva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.17.13-17) –

‘‘Tissassa kho bhagavato, pubbe phalamadāsahaṃ;

Nāḷikerañca pādāsiṃ, khajjakaṃ abhisammataṃ.

‘‘Buddhassa tamahaṃ datvā, tissassa tu mahesino;

Modāmahaṃ kāmakāmī, upapajjiṃ yamicchakaṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, rājā indasamo ahu;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā kilese garahanto –

102.

‘‘Mānena vañcitāse, saṅkhāresu saṃkilissamānāse;

Lābhālābhena mathitā, samādhiṃ nādhigacchantī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha mānena vañcitāseti ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’tiādinayappavattena mānena attukkaṃsanaparavambhanādivasena kusalabhaṇḍacchedanena vippaladdhā. Saṅkhāresu saṃkilissamānāseti ajjhattikabāhiresu cakkhādīsu ceva rūpādīsu ca saṅkhatadhammesu saṃkilissamānā, ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti taṃnimittaṃ taṇhāgāhādivasena saṃkilesaṃ āpajjamānā. Lābhālābhena mathitāti pattacīvarādīnañceva vatthādīnañca lābhena tesaṃyeva ca alābhena taṃnimittaṃ uppannehi anunayapaṭighehi mathitā madditā abhibhūtā. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ avasiṭṭhalokadhammānampettha saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Samādhiṃ nādhigacchantīti te evarūpā puggalā samādhiṃ samathavipassanāvasena cittekaggataṃ kadācipi na vindanti na paṭilabhanti na pāpuṇanti samādhisaṃvattanikānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhāvato, itaresañca bhāvato. Idhāpi yathā mānādīhi abhibhūtā aviddasuno samādhiṃ nādhigacchanti, na evaṃ viddasuno. Te pana mādisā tehi anabhibhūtā samādhiṃ adhigacchantevāti byatirekamukhena aññābyākaraṇanti veditabbaṃ.

Setucchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Bandhurattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Nāhaṃ etena atthikoti āyasmato bandhurattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle aññatarassa rañño antepure gopako hutvā ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ saparisaṃ rājaṅgaṇena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannacitto kaṇaverapupphāni gahetvā sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sīlavatīnagare seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, bandhurotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena sāvatthiyaṃ gato upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā ñāṇassa paripākattā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.17.7-12) –

‘‘Siddhattho nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Purakkhato sāvakehi, nagaraṃ paṭipajjatha.

‘‘Rañño antepure āsiṃ, gopako abhisammato;

Pāsāde upaviṭṭhohaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Kaṇaveraṃ gahetvāna, bhikkhusaṅghe samokiriṃ;

Buddhassa visuṃ katvāna, tato bhiyyo samokiriṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, caturāsuṃ mahiddhikā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā kataññubhāve ṭhatvā attano upakārassa rañño paccupakāraṃ kātuṃ sīlavatīnagaraṃ gantvā rañño dhammaṃ desento saccāni pakāsesi. Rājā saccapariyosāne sotāpanno hutvā attano nagare sudassanaṃ nāma mahantaṃ vihāraṃ kāretvā therassa niyyātesi. Mahālābhasakkāro ahosi. Thero vihāraṃ sabbañca lābhasakkāraṃ saṅghassa niyyātetvā sayaṃ purimaniyāmeneva piṇḍāya caritvā yāpento katipāhaṃ tattha vasitvā sāvatthiṃ gantukāmo ahosi. Bhikkhū, ‘‘bhante, tumhe idheva vasatha, sace paccayehi vekallaṃ, mayaṃ taṃ paripūressāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. Thero, ‘‘na mayhaṃ, āvuso, uḷārehi paccayehi attho atthi, itarītarehi paccayehi yāpemi, dhammarasenevamhi titto’’ti dassento –

103.

‘‘Nāhaṃ etena atthiko, sukhito dhammarasena tappito;

Pitvā rasaggamuttamaṃ, na ca kāhāmi visena santhava’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha nāhaṃ etena atthikoti yena maṃ tumhe tappetukāmā ‘‘paripūressāmā’’ti vadatha, etena āmisalābhena paccayāmisarasena nāhaṃ atthiko, mayhaṃ etena attho natthi, santuṭṭhi paramaṃ sukhanti itarītareheva paccayehi yāpemīti attho. Idāni tena anatthikabhāve padhānakāraṇaṃ dassento āha ‘‘sukhito dhammarasena tappito’’ti. Sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammarasena ceva navavidhalokuttaradhammarasena ca tappito pīṇito sukhito uttamena sukhena suhitoti attho. Pitvā rasaggamuttamanti sabbarasesu aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ tatoyeva uttamaṃ yathāvuttaṃ dhammarasaṃ pivitvā ṭhito, tenāha – ‘‘sabbarasaṃ dhammaraso jinātī’’ti (dha. pa. 354). Na ca kāhāmi visena santhavanti evarūpaṃ rasuttamaṃ dhammarasaṃ pivitvā ṭhito visena visasadisena visarasena santhavaṃ saṃsaggaṃ na karissāmi, tathākaraṇassa kāraṇaṃ natthīti attho.

Bandhurattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Khitakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Lahukovata me kāyoti āyasmato khitakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle yakkhasenāpati hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ yakkhasamāgame nisinno satthāraṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ pavedento apphoṭento uṭṭhahitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, khitakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto mahāmoggallānattherassa mahiddhikabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘iddhimā bhavissāmī’’ti pubbahetunā codiyamāno pabbajitvā bhagavato santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.17.1-6) –

‘‘Padumo nāma nāmena, dvipadindo narāsabho;

Pavanā abhinikkhamma, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yakkhānaṃ samayo āsi, avidūre mahesino;

Yena kiccena sampattā, ajjhāpekkhiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Buddhassa giramaññāya, amatassa ca desanaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, apphoṭetvā upaṭṭhahiṃ.

‘‘Suciṇṇassa phalaṃ passa, upaṭṭhānassa satthuno;

Tiṃsakappasahassesu, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ūnatiṃse kappasate, samalaṅkatanāmako;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā savisesaṃ iddhīsu vasībhāvena anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhonto iddhipāṭihāriyena anusāsanīpāṭihāriyena ca sattānaṃ anuggahaṃ karonto viharati. So bhikkhūhi, ‘‘kathaṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, iddhi vaḷañjesī’’ti puṭṭho tamatthaṃ ācikkhanto –

104.

‘‘Lahuko vata me kāyo, phuṭṭho ca pītisukhena vipulena;

Tūlamiva eritaṃ mālutena, pilavatīva me kāyo’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi. ‘‘Udānavasenā’’tipi vadantiyeva.

Tattha lahuko vata me kāyoti nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanena cuddasavidhena cittaparidamanena caturiddhipādakabhāvanāya suṭṭhu ciṇṇavasībhāvena ca me rūpakāyo sallahuko vata, yena dandhaṃ mahābhūtapaccayampi nāma imaṃ karajakāyaṃ cittavasena pariṇāmemīti adhippāyo. Phuṭṭho ca pītisukhenavipulenāti sabbatthakameva pharantena mahatā uḷārena pītisahitena sukhena phuṭṭho ca me kāyoti yojanā. Idañca yathā kāyo lahuko ahosi, taṃ dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Sukhasaññokkamanena hi saddhiṃyeva lahusaññokkamanaṃ hoti. Sukhassa pharaṇañcettha taṃsamuṭṭhānarūpavasena daṭṭhabbaṃ kathaṃ pana catutthajjhānasamaṅgino pītisukhapharaṇaṃ, samatikkantapītisukhañhi tanti ce? Saccametaṃ, idaṃ pana na catutthajjhānalakkhaṇavasena vuttaṃ, atha kho pubbabhāgavasena. ‘‘Pītisukhenā’’ti pana pītisahitasadisena sukhena, upekkhā hi idha santasabhāvatāya ñāṇavisesayogato ca sukhanti adhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.101). Pādakajjhānārammaṇena rūpakāyārammaṇena vā iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati pavisati phusati sampāpuṇātīti ayampi tattha attho. Tathā cāha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.3.12) – ‘‘sukhasaññā nāma upekkhāsampayuttā saññā. Upekkhā hi santaṃ sukhanti vuttaṃ sāyeva saññā nīvaraṇehi ceva vitakkādipaccanīkehi ca vimuttattā lahusaññātipi veditabbā. Taṃ okkantassa panassa karajakāyopi tūlapicu viya sallahuko hoti. So evaṃ vātakkhittatūlapicuno viya sallahukena dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Tenāha ‘‘tūlamiva eritaṃ mālutena, pilavatīva me kāyo’’ti. Tassattho – yadāhaṃ brahmalokaṃ aññaṃ vā iddhiyā gantukāmo homi, tadā mālutena vāyunā eritaṃ cittaṃ tūlapicu viya ākāsaṃ laṅghantoyeva me kāyo hotīti.

Khitakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Malitavambhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ukkaṇṭhitoti āyasmato malitavambhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle himavantato avidūre aññatarasmiṃ jātassare sakuṇo hutvā nibbatti, padumuttaro bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhanto tattha gantvā jātassaratīre caṅkamati. Sakuṇo bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sare kumudāni gahetvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kurukacchanagare aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, malitavambhotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto pacchābhūmahātheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto viharati. Tassa ca ayaṃ sabhāvo, yattha bhojanasappāyo dullabho, itare sulabhā, tato na pakkamati. Yattha pana bhojanasappāyo sulabho, itare dullabhā, tattha na vasati pakkamateva. Evaṃ viharanto ca hetusampannatāya mahāpurisajātikatāya ca nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.51-57) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre , mahājātassaro ahu;

Padumuppalasañchanno, puṇḍarīkasamotthaṭo.

‘‘Kukuttho nāma nāmena, tatthāsiṃ sakuṇo tadā;

Sīlavā buddhisampanno, puññāpuññesu kovido.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Jātassarassāvidūre, sañcarittha mahāmuni.

‘‘Jalajaṃ kumudaṃ chetvā, upanesiṃ mahesino;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, paṭiggahi mahāmuni.

‘‘Tañca dānaṃ daditvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Soḷaseto kappasate, āsuṃ varuṇanāmakā;

Aṭṭha ete janādhipā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānento –

105.

‘‘Ukkaṇṭhitopi na vase, ramamānopi pakkame;

Na tvevānatthasaṃhitaṃ, vase vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ukkaṇṭhitopi na vaseti yasmiṃ āvāse vasantassa me bhojanasappāyālābhena adhikusalesu dhammesu ukkaṇṭhā anabhirati uppajjati, tattha ukkaṇṭhitopi vasāmiyeva itarasappāyalābhena na pakkame na pakkamāmi. Na vaseti ettha na-kārenapi pakkametipadaṃ sambandhitabbaṃ. Ramamānopi pakkameti yasmiṃ pana āvāse vasantassa me paccayavekallābhāvena natthi ukkaṇṭhā, aññadatthu abhiramāmi, evaṃ abhiramamānopi avasesasappāyālābhena tato pakkame, na vaseyyaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipajjantovāhaṃ nacirasseva sakatthaṃ paccupādinti. Ayañcettha attapaṭipattipaccavekkhaṇāyaṃ yojanā. Parassa ovādadāne pana vaseyya na pakkameyyāti vidhānavasena yojetabbaṃ. Na tvevānatthasaṃhitaṃ, vase vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇoti yasmiṃ āvāse paccayā sulabhā , samaṇadhammo na pāripūriṃ gacchati, yasmiñca āvāse paccayā dullabhā, samaṇadhammopi pāripūriṃ na gacchati, evarūpo āvāso idha anatthasaṃhito nāma avaḍḍhisahitoti katvā. Evarūpaṃ vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇo viññujātiko sakatthaṃ paripūretukāmo natveva vaseyya. Yattha pana pañcaṅgasamannāgato āvāso labbhati, sattapi sappāyā labbhanti, tattheva vaseyyāti attho.

Malitavambhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Suhemantattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sataliṅgassa atthassāti āyasmato suhemantattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito dvānavute kappe tissassa bhagavato kāle vanacaro hutvā vane vasati, taṃ anuggahituṃ bhagavā araññaṃ pavisitvā tassa āsanne ṭhāne aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto sugandhāni punnāgapupphāni ocinitvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde pāriyantadese vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, suhemantotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto saṅkassanagare migadāye viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā tepiṭako hutvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño paṭisambhidāpatto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.46-50) –

‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamogayha, vasāmi luddako ahaṃ;

Punnāgaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ.

‘‘Taṃ pupphaṃ ocinitvāna, sugandhaṃ gandhitaṃ subhaṃ;

Thūpaṃ karitvā puline, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekamhi navute kappe, eko āsiṃ tamonudo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘mayā kho yaṃ sāvakena pattabbaṃ, taṃ anuppattaṃ, yaṃnūnāhaṃ idāni bhikkhūnaṃ anuggahaṃ kareyya’’nti. Evaṃ cintetvā pabhinnapaṭisambhidatāya akilāsutāya ca attano santikaṃ upagate bhikkhū yathārahaṃ ovadanto anusāsanto kaṅkhaṃ chindanto dhammaṃ kathento kammaṭṭhānaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ katvā ācikkhanto viharati. Athekadivasaṃ attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ viññūnañca puggalānaṃ visesaṃ ācikkhanto –

106.

‘‘Sataliṅgassa atthassa, satalakkhaṇadhārino;

Ekaṅgadassī dummedho, satadassī ca paṇḍito’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sataliṅgassāti līnamatthaṃ gamentīti liṅgāni, atthesu saddassa pavattinimittāni, tāni pana sataṃ anekāni liṅgāni etassāti sataliṅgo. Anekattho hi idha satasaddo, ‘‘sataṃ sahassa’’ntiādīsu viya na saṅkhyāvisesattho tassa sataliṅgassa. Atthassāti ñeyyassa, ñeyyañhi ñāṇena araṇīyato ‘‘attho’’ti vuccati. So ca ekopi anekaliṅgo, yathā ‘‘sakko purindado maghavā’’ti, ‘‘paññā vijjā medhā ñāṇa’’nti ca. Yena liṅgena pavattinimittena tāvatiṃsādhipatimhi indasaddo pavatto, na tena tattha sakkādisaddā pavattā, atha kho aññena. Tathā yena sammādiṭṭhimhi paññāsaddo pavatto, na tena vijjādisaddā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sataliṅgassa atthassā’’ti.

Satalakkhaṇadhārinoti anekalakkhaṇavato. Lakkhīyati etenāti lakkhaṇaṃ, paccayabhāvino atthassa attano phalaṃ paṭicca paccayabhāvo, tena hi so ayaṃ imassa kāraṇanti lakkhīyati. So ca ekasseva atthassa anekappabhedo upalabbhati , tenāha ‘‘satalakkhaṇadhārino’’ti. Atha vā lakkhīyantīti lakkhaṇāni, tassa tassa atthassa saṅkhatatādayo pakāravisesā te pana atthato avatthāvisesā veditabbā. Te ca pana tesaṃ aniccatādisāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ liṅgenti ñāpentīti ‘‘liṅgānī’’ti ca vuccanti. Tassime ākārā, yasmā ekassāpi atthassa aneke upalabbhanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sataliṅgassa atthassa, satalakkhaṇadhārino’’ti. Tenāha āyasmā dhammasenāpati – ‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchantī’’ti (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5).

Ekaṅgadassī dummedhoti evaṃ anekaliṅge anekalakkhaṇe atthe yo tattha ekaṅgadassī aputhupaññatāya ekaliṅgamattaṃ ekalakkhaṇamattañca disvā attanā diṭṭhameva ‘‘idameva sacca’’nti abhinivissa ‘‘moghamañña’’nti itaraṃ paṭikkhipati, hatthidassanakaandho viya ekaṅgagāhī dummedho duppañño tattha vijjamānānaṃyeva pakāravisesānaṃ ajānanato micchā abhinivisanato ca. Satadassī ca paṇḍitoti paṇḍito pana tattha vijjamāne anekepi pakāre attano paññācakkhunā sabbaso passati. Yo vā tattha labbhamāne aneke paññācakkhunā attanāpi passati, aññesampi dasseti pakāseti, so paṇḍito vicakkhaṇo atthesu kusalo nāmāti. Evaṃ thero ukkaṃsagataṃ attano paṭisambhidāsampattiṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vibhāvesi.

Suhemantattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Dhammasavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pabbajiṃtulayitvānāti āyasmato dhammasavattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle suvaccho nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū gharāvāse dosaṃ disvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane pabbatantare assamaṃ kāretvā bahūhi tāpasehi saddhiṃ vasi. Athassa kusalabījaṃ ropetukāmo padumuttaro bhagavā assamasamīpe ākāse ṭhatvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. So taṃ disvā pasannamānaso pūjetukāmo nāgapupphāni ocināpesi. Satthā, ‘‘alaṃ imassa tāpasassa ettakaṃ kusalabīja’’nti pakkāmi. So pupphāni gahetvā satthu gamanamaggaṃ okiritvā cittaṃ pasādento añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā dhammasavoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno gharāvāse ādīnavaṃ pabbajjāya ānisaṃsañca disvā dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.39-45) –

‘‘Suvaccho nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;

Purakkhato sasissehi, vasate pabbatantare.

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Vehāsamhi caṅkamati, dhūpāyati jalate tathā;

Hāsaṃ mamaṃ viditvāna, pakkāmi pācināmukho.

‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Nāgapupphaṃ gahetvāna, gatamaggamhi okiriṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ pupphaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse kappasate, rājā āsi mahāraho;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassappatto udānavasena –

107.

‘‘Pabbajiṃ tulayitvāna, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha pabbajiṃ tulayitvānāti ‘‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.191; ma. ni. 2.10; saṃ. ni. 2.154) gharāvāse, ‘‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā’’tiādinā (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.177) kāmesu ādīnavaṃ tappaṭipakkhato nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ tulabhūtāya paññāya vicāretvā vīmaṃsitvāti attho. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Dhammasavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Dhammasavapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sa vīsavassasatikoti āyasmato dhammasavapituttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro buddhasuññe loke kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhūtagaṇe nāma pabbate viharantaṃ paccekasambuddhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tiṇasūlapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto dārapariggahaṃ katvā dhammasavaṃ nāma puttaṃ labhitvā tasmiṃ pabbajite sayampi vīsavassasatiko hutvā, ‘‘mama putto tāva taruṇo pabbaji , atha kasmā nāhaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti sañjātasaṃvego satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.35-38) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, bhūtagaṇo nāma pabbato;

Vasateko jino tattha, sayambhū lokanissaṭo.

‘‘Tiṇasūlaṃ gahetvāna, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ;

Ekūnasatasahassaṃ, kappaṃ na vinipātiko.

‘‘Ito ekādase kappe, ekosiṃ dharaṇīruho;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso udānento –

108.

‘‘Sa vīsavassasatiko, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sa vīsavassasatikoti so vīsaṃvassasatiko, so ahaṃ jātiyā vīsādhikavassasatiko samāno. Pabbajinti pabbajjaṃ upagacchiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Idameva ca imassa therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Dhammasavapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Saṅgharakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Na nūnāyaṃ paramahitānukampinoti āyasmato saṅgharakkhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito catunavute kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ pabbatapāde vasante satta paccekasambuddhe disvā pasannamānaso kadambapupphāni gahetvā pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ ibbhakule nibbatti, tassa saṅgharakkhitoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ sahāyaṃ katvā araññe viharati. Therassa vasanaṭṭhānato avidūre vanagumbe ekā migī vijāyitvā taruṇaṃ chāpaṃ rakkhantī chātajjhattāpi puttasinehena dūre gocarāya na gacchati, āsanne ca tiṇodakassa alābhena kilamati. Taṃ disvā thero, ‘‘aho vatāyaṃ loko taṇhābandhanabaddho mahādukkhaṃ anubhavati, na taṃ chindituṃ sakkotī’’ti saṃvegajāto tameva aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.30-34) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, kukkuṭo nāma pabbato;

Tamhi pabbatapādamhi, satta buddhā vasanti te.

‘‘Kadambaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, dīparājaṃva uggataṃ;

Ubho hatthehi paggayha, satta buddhe samokiriṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, sattāsuṃ pupphanāmakā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano dutiyakaṃ bhikkhuṃ micchāvitakkabahulaṃ viharantaṃ ñatvā tameva migiṃ upamaṃ karitvā taṃ ovadanto –

109.

‘‘Na nūnāyaṃ paramahitānukampino, rahogato anuvigaṇeti sāsanaṃ;

Tathāhayaṃ viharati pākatindriyo, migī yathā taruṇajātikā vane’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha na nūnāyanti na-iti paṭisedhe nipāto. Nūnāti parivitakke. Nūna ayanti padacchedo. Paramahitānukampinoti paramaṃ ativiya, paramena vā anuttarena hitena satte anukampanasīlassa bhagavato. Rahogatoti rahasi gato, suññāgāragato kāyavivekayuttoti attho. Anuvigaṇetīti ettha ‘‘na nūnā’’ti padadvayaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ ‘‘nānuvigaṇeti nūnā’’ti, na cintesi maññe, ‘‘nānuyuñjatī’’ti takkemīti attho. Sāsananti paṭipattisāsanaṃ, catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvananti adhippāyo . Tathā hīti teneva kāraṇena, satthu sāsanassa ananuyuñjanato eva. Ayanti ayaṃ bhikkhu. Pākatindriyoti manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ yathāsakaṃ visayesu vissajjanato sabhāvabhūtaindriyo , asaṃvutacakkhudvārādikoti attho. Yassa taṇhāsaṅgassa acchinnatāya so bhikkhu pākatindriyo viharati, tassa upamaṃ dassento ‘‘migī yathā taruṇajātikā vane’’ti āha. Yathā ayaṃ taruṇasabhāvā migī puttasnehassa acchinnatāya vane dukkhaṃ anubhavati, na taṃ ativattati, evamayampi bhikkhu saṅgassa acchinnatāya pākatindriyo viharanto vaṭṭadukkhaṃ nātivattatīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Taruṇavijātikā’’ti vā pāṭho. Abhinavappasutā bālavacchāti attho. Taṃ sutvā so bhikkhu sañjātasaṃvego vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Saṅgharakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Usabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Nagā nagaggesu susaṃvirūḷhāti āyasmato usabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni karonto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle devaputto hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso dibbapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. Sā pupphapūjā sattāhaṃ pupphamaṇḍapākārena aṭṭhāsi. Devamanussānaṃ mahāsamāgamo ahosi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbatti, tassa usabhoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe satthari laddhappasādo pabbajitvā katapubbakicco araññe pabbatapāde viharati. Tena ca samayena pāvusakālameghe abhippavuṭṭhe pabbatasikharesu rukkhagacchalatāya ghanapaṇṇasaṇḍino honti . Athekadivasaṃ thero leṇato nikkhamitvā taṃ vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ pabbatarāmaṇeyyakañca disvā yonisomanasikāravasena ‘‘imepi nāma rukkhādayo acetanā utusampattiyā vaḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇanti, atha kasmā nāhaṃ utusappāyaṃ labhitvā guṇehi vaḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti cintento –

110.

‘‘Nagā nagaggesu susaṃvirūḷhā, udaggameghena navena sittā;

Vivekakāmassa araññasaññino, janeti bhiyyo usabhassa kalyata’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha nagāti rukkhā, ‘‘nāgā’’ti keci vadanti, nāgarukkhāti attho. Nagaggesūti pabbatasikharesu. Susaṃvirūḷhāti suṭṭhu samantato virūḷhamūlā hutvā parito upari ca sammadeva sañjātasākhaggapallavappasākhāti attho. Udaggameghena navena sittāti paṭhamuppannena uḷārena mahatā pāvusameghena abhippavuṭṭhā. Vivekakāmassāti kilesavivittaṃ cittavivekaṃ icchantassa, araññavāsena tāva kāyaviveko laddho, idāni upadhivivekādhigamassa nissayabhūto cittaviveko laddhabboti taṃ patthayamānassa, jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjantassāti attho, tenāha ‘‘araññasaññino’’ti. Araññavāso nāma satthārā vaṇṇito thomito. So ca kho yāvadeva samathavipassanābhāvanāpāripūriyā, tasmā sā mayā hatthagatā kātabbāti evaṃ araññagatasaññino nekkhammasaṅkappabahulassāti attho. Janetīti uppādenti, puthutte hi idaṃ ekavacanaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘janentī’’ti paṭhanti. Bhiyyoti uparūpari. Usabhassāti attānameva paraṃ viya vadati. Kalyatanti kalyabhāvaṃ cittassa kammaññataṃ bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Svāyamattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Evaṃ thero imaṃ gāthaṃ vadantoyeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.25-29) –

‘‘Devaputto ahaṃ santo, pūjayiṃ sikhināyakaṃ;

Mandāravena pupphena, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Sattāhaṃ chadanaṃ āsi, dibbaṃ mālaṃ tathāgate;

Sabbe janā samāgantvā, namassiṃsu tathāgataṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca dasame kappe, rājāhosiṃ jutindharo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.

Usabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Ekādasamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

12. Dvādasamavaggo

1. Jentattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Duppabbajjaṃve duradhivāsā gehāti āyasmato jentattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle devaputto hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto kiṃkirātapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe jentagāme ekassa maṇḍalikarājassa putto hutvā nibbatti, jentotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto daharakāleyeva hetusampattiyā codiyamāno pabbajjāninnamānaso hutvā puna cintesi – ‘‘pabbajjā nāma dukkarā, gharāpi durāvāsā, dhammo ca gambhīro, bhogā ca duradhigamā, kiṃ nu kho kattabba’’nti evaṃ pana cintābahulo hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇi. Sutakālato paṭṭhāya pabbajjābhirato hutvā satthu santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.21-24) –

‘‘Devaputto ahaṃ santo, pūjayiṃ sikhināyakaṃ;

Kakkārupupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca navame kappe, rājā sattuttamo ahuṃ;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhanto, ‘‘asakkhiṃ vatāhaṃ ādito mayhaṃ uppannavitakkaṃ chinditu’’nti somanassajāto vitakkassa uppannākāraṃ tassa ca sammadeva chinnataṃ dassento –

111.

‘‘Duppabbajjaṃ ve duradhivāsā gehā, dhammo gambhīro duradhigamā bhogā;

Kicchā vutti no itarītareneva, yuttaṃ cintetuṃ satatamaniccata’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha duppabbajjanti appaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhañceva ñātiparivaṭṭañca pahāya imasmiṃ sāsane uraṃ datvā pabbajanassa dukkarattā dukkhaṃ pabbajanaṃ, dukkarā pabbajjāti duppabbajjaṃ. Veti nipātamattaṃ, daḷhattho vā ‘‘pabbajjā dukkhā’’ti . Gehañce āvaseyyaṃ, duradhivāsā gehā, yasmā gehaṃ adhivasantena raññā rājakiccaṃ, issarena issarakiccaṃ, gahapatinā gahapatikiccaṃ kattabbaṃ hoti, parijano ceva samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca saṅgahetabbā, tasmiṃ tasmiñca kattabbe kariyamānepi gharāvāso chiddaghaṭo viya mahāsamuddo viya ca duppūro, tasmā gehā nāmete adhivasituṃ āvasituṃ dukkhā dukkarāti katvā duradhivāsā durāvāsāti. Pabbajjañce anutiṭṭheyyaṃ dhammo gambhīro, yadatthā pabbajjā, so pabbajitena adhigantabbo paṭivedhasaddhammo gambhīro, gambhīrañāṇagocarattā duddaso, duppaṭivijjho dhammassa gambhīrabhāvena duppaṭivijjhattā. Gehañce āvaseyyaṃ, duradhigamā bhogā yehi vinā na sakkā gehaṃ āvasituṃ, te bhogā dukkhena kasirena adhigantabbatāya duradhigamā. Evaṃ sante gharāvāsaṃ pahāya pabbajjaṃyeva anutiṭṭheyyaṃ, evampi kicchā vutti no itarītarena idha imasmiṃ buddhasāsane itarītarena yathāladdhena paccayena amhākaṃ vutti jīvikā kicchā dukkhā, gharāvāsānaṃ duradhivāsatāya bhogānañca duradhigamatāya gehe itarītarena paccayena yāpetabbatāya kicchā kasirā vutti amhākaṃ, tattha kiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti? Yuttaṃ cintetuṃ satatamaniccataṃ sakalaṃ divasaṃ pubbarattāpararattañca tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ aniccatanti, tato uppādavayavantato ādiantavantato tāvakālikato ca na niccanti ‘‘anicca’’nti cintetuṃ vipassituṃ yuttaṃ. Aniccānupassanāya siddhāya itarānupassanā sukheneva sijjhantīti aniccānupassanāva ettha vuttā, aniccassa dukkhānattatānaṃ abyabhicaraṇato sāsanikassa sukhaggahaṇato ca. Tenāha – ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15), ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammaṃ’’ (mahāva. 16; dī. ni. 2.371; saṃ. ni. 5.1081), ‘‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.218) ca tadaminā evaṃ aññamaññaṃ paṭipakkhavasena aparāparaṃ uppanne vitakke niggahetvā aniccatāmukhena vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā idāni katakicco jātoti dasseti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘attano paṭipatti’’ntiādi. Idameva therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Jentattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Vacchagottattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Tevijjohaṃmahājhāyīti āyasmato vacchagottattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalabījaṃ ropento vipassissa bhagavato kāle bandhumatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ raññā nāgarehi ca saddhiṃ buddhapūjaṃ katvā tato paraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, tassa vacchagottatāya vacchagottotveva samaññā ahosi. So viññutaṃ patvā brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato vimuttiṃ gavesanto tattha sāraṃ adisvā paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vicaranto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchitvā tasmiṃ vissajjite pasannamānaso satthu santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.15-20) –

‘‘Udentaṃ sataraṃsiṃva, pītaraṃsiṃva bhāṇumaṃ;

Pannarase yathā candaṃ, niyyantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhasaṭṭhisahassāni, sabbe khīṇāsavā ahuṃ;

Parivāriṃsu sambuddhaṃ, dvipadindaṃ narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Sammajjitvāna taṃ vīthiṃ, niyyante lokanāyake;

Ussāpesiṃ dhajaṃ tattha, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ dhajaṃ abhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dhajadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito catutthake kappe, rājāhosiṃ mahabbalo;

Sabbākārena sampanno, sudhajo iti vissuto.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassajāto udānavasena –

112.

‘‘Tevijjohaṃ mahājhāyī, cetosamathakovido;

Sadattho me anuppatto, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha tevijjohanti yadipi maṃ pubbe tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṃ gatattā ‘‘brāhmaṇo tevijjo’’ti sañjānanti, taṃ pana samaññāmattaṃ vedesu vijjākiccassa abhāvato. Idāni pana pubbenivāsañāṇādīnaṃ tissannaṃ vijjānaṃ adhigatattā paramatthato tevijjo ahaṃ, mahantassa anavasesassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagaṇassa jhāpanato, mahantena maggaphalajhānena mahantassa uḷārassa paṇītassa nibbānassa jhāyanato ca mahājhāyī. Cetosamathakovidoti cittasaṅkhobhakarānaṃ saṃkilesadhammānaṃ vūpasamanena cetaso samādahane kusalo. Etena tevijjabhāvassa kāraṇamāha. Samādhikosallasahitena hi āsavakkhayena tevijjatā, na kevalena. Sadatthoti sakattho ka-kārassāyaṃ da-kāro kato ‘‘anuppattasadattho’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.9; a. ni. 3.38) viya. ‘‘Sadattho’’ti ca arahattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañhi attapaṭibandhaṭṭhena attānaṃ avijahanaṭṭhena attano paramatthaṭṭhena attano atthattā ‘‘sakattho’’ti vuccati. Svāyaṃ sadattho me mayā anuppatto adhigato. Etena yathāvuttaṃ mahājhāyibhāvaṃ sikhāpattaṃ katvā dasseti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Vacchagottattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Acchodikā puthusilāti āyasmato vanavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalabījaṃ ropento vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto parassa kammaṃ katvā jīvanto kassaci aparādhaṃ katvā maraṇabhayena tajjito palāyanto antarāmagge bodhirukkhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tassa mūlaṃ sammajjitvā piṇḍibandhehi asokapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā bodhiṃ abhimukho namassamāno pallaṅkena nisinno māretuṃ āgate paccatthike disvā tesu cittaṃ akopetvā bodhiṃ eva āvajjento sataporise papāte papati. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, ‘‘vaccho’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bimbisārasamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.7-14) –

‘‘Parakammāyane yutto, aparādhaṃ akāsahaṃ;

Vanantaṃ abhidhāvissaṃ, bhayaverasamappito.

‘‘Pupphitaṃ pādapaṃ disvā, piṇḍibandhaṃ sunimmitaṃ;

Tambapupphaṃ gahetvāna, bodhiyaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Sammajjitvāna taṃ bodhiṃ, pāṭaliṃ pādaputtamaṃ;

Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, bodhimūle upāvisiṃ.

‘‘Gatamaggaṃ gavesantā, āgacchuṃ mama santikaṃ;

Te ca disvānahaṃ tattha, āvajjiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.

‘‘Vanditvāna ahaṃ bodhiṃ, vippasannena cetasā;

Anekatāle papatiṃ, giridugge bhayānake.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bodhipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca tatiye kappe, rājā susaññato ahaṃ;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vivekābhiratiyā vaneyeva vasi, tena vanavacchoti samaññā udapādi. Atha kadāci thero ñātijanānuggahatthaṃ rājagahaṃ gato tattha ñātakehi upaṭṭhiyamāno katipāhaṃ vasitvā gamanākāraṃ sandasseti. Taṃ ñātakā, ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ anuggahatthaṃ dhuravihāre vasatha, mayaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti yāciṃsu. Thero tesaṃ pabbatarāmaṇeyyakittanāpadesena vivekābhiratiṃ nivedento –

113.

‘‘Acchodikā puthusilā, gonaṅgulamigāyutā;

Ambusevālasañchannā, te selā ramayanti ma’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha acchodikāti acchaṃ abahalaṃ sukhumaṃ udakaṃ etesūti ‘‘acchodakā’’ti vattabbe liṅgavipallāsena acchodikā’’ti vuttaṃ. Etena tesaṃ udakasampattiṃ dasseti. Puthusilāti puthulā vitthatā mudusukhasamphassā silā etesūti puthusilā. Etena nisajjanaṭṭhānasampattiṃ dasseti. Gunnaṃ viya naṅgulaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ etesanti gonaṅgulā, kāḷamakkaṭā, ‘‘pakatimakkaṭā’’tipi vadantiyeva . Gonaṅgulehi ca pasadādikehi migehi ca tahaṃ tahaṃ vicarantehi āyutā missitāti gonaṅgulamigāyutā. Etena tesaṃ amanussūpacāritāya araññalakkhaṇūpetataṃ dasseti. Ambusevālasañchannāti pasavanato satataṃ paggharamānasalilatāya tahaṃ tahaṃ udakasevālasañchāditā. Te selā ramayanti manti yatthāhaṃ vasāmi; te edisā selā pabbatā vivekābhiratiyā maṃ ramayanti, tasmā tatthevāhaṃ gacchāmīti adhippāyo. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Kāyaduṭṭhullagarunoti āyasmato adhimuttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññe viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā manussūpacāraṃ upagantvā satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attano vākacīraṃ satthu pādamūle patthari. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā tasmiṃ aṭṭhāsi. Tattha ṭhitaṃ bhagavantaṃ kāḷānusārena gandhena pūjetvā ‘‘samuddharasimaṃ loka’’ntiādikāhi dasahi gāthāhi abhitthavi. Taṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate ito satasahassakappamatthake gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane pabbajitvā chaḷabhiñño bhavissatī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā tato yāvāyaṃ buddhuppādo, tāva devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā adhimuttoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gantvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto pacchimabhavikattā nissaraṇaṃ gavesanto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho satthu santike pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.304-332) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jalitaṃ, dīparukkhaṃva ujjalaṃ;

Osadhiṃva virocantaṃ, vijjutaṃ gagane yathā.

‘‘Asambhītaṃ anuttāsiṃ, migarājaṃva kesariṃ;

Ñāṇālokaṃ pakāsentaṃ, maddantaṃ titthiye gaṇe.

‘‘Uddharantaṃ imaṃ lokaṃ, chindantaṃ sabbasaṃsayaṃ;

Gajjantaṃ migarājaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Jaṭājinadharo āsiṃ, brahā uju patāpavā;

Vākacīraṃ gahetvāna, pādamūle apatthariṃ.

‘‘Kāḷānusāriyaṃ gayhaṃ, anulimpiṃ tathāgataṃ;

Sambuddhamanulimpetvā, santhaviṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Samuddharasimaṃ lokaṃ, oghatiṇṇa mahāmuni;

Ñāṇālokena jotesi, nāvaṭaṃ ñāṇamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi, maddase paratitthiye;

Usabho jitasaṅgāmo, sampakampesi medaniṃ.

‘‘Mahāsamudde ūmiyo, velantamhi pabhijjare;

Tatheva tava ñāṇamhi, sabbadiṭṭhī pabhijjare.

‘‘Sukhumacchikajālena, saramhi sampatānite;

Antojālīkatā pāṇā, pīḷitā honti tāvade.

‘‘Tatheva titthiyā loke, puthupāsaṇḍanissitā;

Antoñāṇavare tuyhaṃ, parivattanti mārisa.

‘‘Patiṭṭhā vuyhataṃ oghe, tvañhi nātho abandhunaṃ;

Bhayaṭṭitānaṃ saraṇaṃ, muttitthīnaṃ parāyaṇaṃ.

‘‘Ekavīro asadiso, mettākaruṇasañcayo;

Asamo susamo santo, vasī tādī jitañjayo.

‘‘Dhīro vigatasammoho, anejo akathaṃkathī;

Tusito vantadososi, nimmalo saṃyato suci.

‘‘Saṅgātigo hatamado, tevijjo tibhavantago;

Sīmātigo dhammagaru, gatattho hitavabbhuto.

‘‘Tārako tvaṃ yathā nāvā, nidhīvassāsakārako;

Asambhīto yathā sīho, gajarājāva dappito.

‘‘Thometvā dasagāthāhi, padumuttaraṃ mahāyasaṃ;

Vanditvā satthuno pāde, tuṇhī aṭṭhāsahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Bhikkhusaṅghe ṭhito satthā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yo me sīlañca ñāṇañca, saddhammañcāpi vaṇṇayi;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Saṭṭhi kappasahassāni, devaloke ramissati;

Aññe devebhibhavitvā, issaraṃ kārayissati.

‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissati.

‘‘Pabbajitvāna kāyena, pāpakammaṃ vivajjiya;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Yathāpi megho thanayaṃ, tappeti medaniṃ imaṃ;

Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, dhammena tappayī mamaṃ.

‘‘Sīlaṃ paññañca dhammañca, thavitvā lokanāyakaṃ;

Pattomhi paramaṃ santiṃ, nibbānaṃ padamaccutaṃ.

‘‘Aho nūna sa bhagavā, ciraṃ tiṭṭheyya cakkhumā;

Aññātañca vijāneyyuṃ, phuseyyuṃ amataṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Ayaṃ me pacchimā jāti, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhithomayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kittanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā saha vasante kāyadaḷhibahule bhikkhū ovadanto –

114.

‘‘Kāyaduṭṭhullagaruno, hiyyamānamhi jīvite;

Sarīrasukhagiddhassa, kuto samaṇasādhutā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha kāyaduṭṭhullagarunoti duṭṭhullaṃ asubhayogyatā, kāyassa duṭṭhullaṃ kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ, kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ garu sambhāvitaṃ yassa so kāyaduṭṭhullagaru, anissaraṇappañño hutvā kāyaposanappasuto kāyadaḷhibahuloti attho, tassa kāyaduṭṭhullagaruno. Hiyyamānamhi jīviteti kunnadīnaṃ udakaṃ viya jīvitasaṅkhāre lahuso khīyamāne. Sarīrasukhagiddhassāti paṇītāhārādīhi attano kāyassa sukhena gedhaṃ āpannassa . Kuto samaṇasādhutāti evarūpassa puggalassa samaṇabhāvena sādhutā susamaṇatā kuto kena kāraṇena siyā, ekaṃsato pana kāye jīvite ca nirapekkhassa itarītarasantosena santuṭṭhassa āraddhavīriyasseva samaṇasādhutāti adhippāyo.

Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Mahānāmattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Esāvahiyyasepabbatenāti āyasmato mahānāmattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato gharāvāsaṃ pahāya aññatarāya nadiyā tīre assamaṃ kāretvā sambahule brāhmaṇe mante vācento viharati. Athekadivasaṃ bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhituṃ tassa asamapadaṃ upagacchi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto āsanaṃ paññāpetvā adāsi . Nisinne bhagavati sumadhuraṃ madhuṃ upanāmesi. Taṃ bhagavā paribhuñjitvā heṭṭhā adhimuttattheravatthumhi vuttanayena anāgataṃ byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā mahānāmoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto bhagavato santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā nesādake nāma pabbate viharanto kilesapariyuṭṭhānaṃ vikkhambhetuṃ asakkonto ‘‘kiṃ me iminā saṃkiliṭṭhacittassa jīvitenā’’ti attabhāvaṃ nibbindanto uccaṃ pabbatasikharaṃ abhiruhitvā ‘‘ito pātetvā taṃ māressāmī’’ti attānaṃ paraṃ viya niddisanto –

115.

‘‘Esāvahiyyase pabbatena, bahukuṭajasallakikena;

Nesādakena girinā, yasassinā paricchadenā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha esāvahiyyaseti eso tvaṃ mahānāma avahiyyase parihāyasi. Pabbatenāti nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtena iminā pabbatena. Bahukuṭajasallakikenāti bahūhi kuṭajehi indasālarukkhehi sallakīhi indasālarukkhehi vā samannāgatena. Nesādakenāti evaṃnāmakena. Girināti selena. Selo hi sandhisaṅkhātehi pabbehi ṭhitattā ‘‘pabbato’’ti, pasavanādivasena jalassa, sārabhūtānaṃ bhesajjādivatthūnañca giraṇato ‘‘girī’’ti vuccati. Tadubhayatthasambhavato panettha ‘‘pabbatenā’’ti vatvā ‘‘girinā’’ti ca vuttaṃ. Yasassināti sabbaguṇehi vissutena pakāsena. Paricchadenāti nānāvidharukkhagacchalatāhi samantato channena, vasanaṭṭhānatāya vā tuyhaṃ paricchadabhūtena. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – mahānāma, yadi kammaṭṭhānaṃ vissajjetvā vitakkabahulo hosi, evaṃ tvaṃ iminā chāyūdakasampannena sappāyena nivāsanaṭṭhānabhūtena nesādakagirinā parihāyasi, idānihaṃ taṃ ito pātetvā māressāmi, tasmā na labbhā vitakkavasikena bhavitunti. Evaṃ thero attānaṃ santajjentoyeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.333-352) –

‘‘Sindhuyā nadiyā tīre, sukato assamo mama;

Tattha vācemahaṃ sisse, itihāsaṃ salakkhaṇaṃ.

‘‘Dhammakāmā vinītā te, sotukāmā susāsanaṃ;

Chaḷaṅge pāramippattā, sindhukūle vasanti te.

‘‘Uppātagamane ceva, lakkhaṇesu ca kovidā;

Uttamatthaṃ gavesantā, vasanti vipine tadā.

‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, loke uppajji tāvade;

Amhākaṃ anukampanto, upāgacchi vināyako.

‘‘Upāgataṃ mahāvīraṃ, sumedhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Tiṇasanthārakaṃ katvā, lokajeṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Vipināto madhuṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;

Sambuddho paribhuñjitvā, idaṃ vacanamabravi.

‘‘Yo taṃ adāsi madhuṃ me, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Iminā madhudānena, tiṇasanthārakena ca;

Tiṃsa kappasahassāni, devaloke ramissati.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, mātukucchiṃ upāgate;

Madhuvassaṃ pavassittha, chādayaṃ madhunā mahiṃ.

‘‘Mayi nikkhantamattamhi, kucchiyā ca suduttarā;

Tatrāpi madhuvassaṃ me, vassate niccakālikaṃ.

‘‘Agārā abhinikkhamma, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Lābhī annassa pānassa, madhudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sabbakāmasamiddhohaṃ, bhavitvā devamānuse;

Teneva madhudānena, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.

‘‘Vuṭṭhamhi deve caturaṅgule tiṇe, sampupphite dharaṇīruhe sañchanne;

Suññe ghare maṇḍaparukkhamūlake, vasāmi niccaṃ sukhito anāsavo.

‘‘Majjhe mahante hīne ca, bhave sabbe atikkamiṃ;

Ajja me āsavā khīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, madhudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.

Mahānāmattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Chaphassāyatanehitvāti āyasmato pārāpariyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto piyadassissa bhagavato kāle nesādayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā tassa viññutaṃ pattassa vicaraṇaṭṭhāne aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe piyadassī bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhituṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi. So ca mige pariyesanto taṃ ṭhānaṃ gato satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso bhagavantaṃ anto katvā kataṃ sākhāmaṇḍapaṃ padumapupphehi kūṭāgārākārena sañchādetvā uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedento sattāhaṃ namassamāno aṭṭhāsi. Divase divase ca milātamilātāni apanetvā abhinavehi chādesi. Satthā sattāhassa accayena nirodhato vuṭṭhahitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anussari. Tāvadeva asītisahassamattā bhikkhū satthāraṃ parivāresuṃ. ‘‘Madhuradhammakathaṃ suṇissāmā’’ti devatā sannipatiṃsu, mahā samāgamo ahosi. Satthā anumodanaṃ karonto tassa devamanussesu bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvakabodhiñca byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā parāparagottatāya pārāpariyoti laddhasamañño bahū brāhmaṇe mante vācento satthu rājagahagamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.353-385) –

‘‘Piyadassī nāma bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;

Vivekakāmo sambuddho, samādhikusalo muni.

‘‘Vanasaṇḍaṃ samoggayha, piyadassī mahāmuni;

Paṃsukūlaṃ pattharitvā, nisīdi purisuttamo.

‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, araññe kānane ahaṃ;

Pasadaṃ migamesanto, āhiṇḍāmi ahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ;

Pupphitaṃ sālarājaṃva, sataraṃsiṃva uggataṃ.

‘‘Disvānahaṃ devadevaṃ, piyadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;

Jātassaraṃ samoggayha, padumaṃ āhariṃ tadā.

‘‘Āharitvāna padumaṃ, satapattaṃ manoramaṃ;

Kūṭāgāraṃ karitvāna, chādayiṃ padumenahaṃ.

‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, piyadassī mahāmuni;

Sattarattindivaṃ buddho, kūṭāgāre vasī jino.

‘‘Purāṇaṃ chaḍḍayitvāna, navena chādayiṃ ahaṃ;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, aṭṭhāsiṃ tāvade ahaṃ.

‘‘Vuṭṭhahitvā samādhimhā, piyadassī mahāmuni;

Disaṃ anuvilokento, nisīdi lokanāyako.

‘‘Tadā sudassano nāma, upaṭṭhāko mahiddhiko;

Cittamaññāya buddhassa, piyadassissa satthuno.

‘‘Asītiyā sahassehi, bhikkhūhi parivārito;

Vanante sukhamāsīnaṃ, upesi lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍamhi, adhivatthā ca devatā;

Buddhassa cittamaññāya, sabbe sannipatuṃ tadā.

‘‘Samāgatesu yakkhesu, kumbhaṇḍe saharakkhase;

Bhikkhusaṅghe ca sampatte, gāthā pabyāharī jino.

‘‘Thomaṃ sattāhaṃ pūjesi, āvāsañca akāsi me;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Sududdasaṃ sunipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ suppakāsitaṃ;

Ñāṇena kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Catuddasāni kappāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Kūṭāgāraṃ mahantassa, padmapupphehi chāditaṃ.

‘‘Ākāse dhārayissati, pupphakammassidaṃ phalaṃ;

Catubbīse kappasate, vokiṇṇaṃ saṃsarissati.

‘‘Tattha pupphamayaṃ byamhaṃ, ākāse dhārayissati;

Yathā padumapattamhi, toyaṃ na upalimpati.

‘‘Tathevīmassa ñāṇamhi, kilesā nopalimpare;

Manasā vinivaṭṭetvā, pañca nīvaraṇe ayaṃ.

‘‘Cittaṃ janetvā nekkhamme, agārā pabbajissati;

Tato pupphamaye byamhe, dhārente nikkhamissati.

‘‘Rukkhamūle vasantassa, nipakassa satīmato;

Tattha pupphamayaṃ byamhaṃ, matthake dhārayissati.

‘‘Cīvaraṃ piṇḍapātañca, paccayaṃ sayanāsanaṃ;

Datvāna bhikkhusaṅghassa, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Kūṭāgārena caratā, pabbajjaṃ abhinikkhamiṃ;

Rukkhamūle vasantampi, kūṭāgāraṃ dharīyati.

‘‘Cīvare piṇḍapāte ca, cetanā me na vijjati;

Puññakammena saṃyutto, labhāmi pariniṭṭhitaṃ.

‘‘Gaṇanāto asaṅkheyyā, kappakoṭī bahū mama;

Rittakā te atikkantā, pamuttā lokanāyakā.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, piyadassī vināyako;

Tamahaṃ payirupāsitvā, imaṃ yoniṃ upāgato.

‘‘Idha passāmi sambuddhaṃ, anomaṃ nāma cakkhumaṃ;

Tamahaṃ upagantvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

‘‘Dukkhassantakaro buddho, maggaṃ me desayī jino;

Tassa dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Tosayitvāna sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso udānavasena –

116.

‘‘Chaphassāyatane hitvā, guttadvāro susaṃvuto;

Aghamūlaṃ vamitvāna, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha chaphassāyatane hitvāti cakkhusamphassādīnaṃ channaṃ samphassānaṃ uppattiṭṭhānatāya ‘‘phassāyatanānī’’ti laddhanāmāni cakkhādīni cha ajjhattikāyatanāni tappaṭibaddhasaṃkilesappahānavasena pahāya. Guttadvāro susaṃvutoti tato eva cakkhudvārādīnaṃ guttattā, tattha pavattanakānaṃ abhijjhādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ pavesananivāraṇena satikavāṭena suṭṭu pihitattā guttadvāro susaṃvuto. Atha vā manacchaṭṭhānaṃ channaṃ dvārānaṃ vuttanayena rakkhitattā guttadvāro, kāyādīhi suṭṭhu saññatattā susaṃvutoti evamettha attho veditabbo. Aghamūlaṃ vamitvānāti aghassa vaṭṭadukkhassa mūlabhūtaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ dosaṃ, sabbaṃ vā kilesadosaṃ ariyamaggasaṅkhātavamanayogapānena uggiritvā santānato bahi katvā, bahikaraṇahetu vā. Patto me āsavakkhayoti kāmāsavādayo āsavā ettha khīyanti, tesaṃ vā khayena pattabboti āsavakkhayo, nibbānaṃ arahattañca. So āsavakkhayo patto adhigatoti udānavasena aññaṃ byākāsi.

Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Yasattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Suvilittosuvasanoti āyasmato yasattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle mahānubhāvo nāgarājā hutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ attano bhavanaṃ netvā mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Bhagavantaṃ mahagghena ticīvarena acchādesi, ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ mahaggheneva paccekadussayugena sabbena samaṇaparikkhārena acchādesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle seṭṭhiputto hutvā mahābodhimaṇḍaṃ sattahi ratanehi pūjesi. Kassapassa bhagavato kāle sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ mahāvibhavassa seṭṭhino putto hutvā nibbatti, yaso nāma nāmena paramasukhumālo. ‘‘Tassa tayo pāsādā’’ti sabbaṃ khandhake (mahāva. 25) āgatanayena veditabbaṃ.

So pubbahetunā codiyamāno rattibhāge niddābhibhūtassa parijanassa vippakāraṃ disvā sañjātasaṃvego suvaṇṇapādukārūḷhova gehato niggato devatāvivaṭena nagaradvārena nikkhamitvā isipatanasamīpaṃ gato ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata, bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata, bho’’ti āha. Tena samayena bhagavatā isipatane viharantena tasseva anuggaṇhanatthaṃ abbhokāse caṅkamantena ‘‘ehi, yasa, idaṃ anupaddutaṃ, idaṃ anupassaṭṭha’’nti vutto, ‘‘anupaddutaṃ anupassaṭṭhaṃ kira atthī’’ti somanassajāto suvaṇṇapādukā oruyha bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisinno satthārā anupubbikathaṃ kathetvā saccadesanāya katāya saccapariyosāne sotāpanno hutvā gavesanatthaṃ āgatassa pitu bhagavatā saccadesanāya kariyamānāya arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.456-483) –

‘‘Mahāsamuddaṃ oggayha, bhavanaṃ me sunimmitaṃ;

Sunimmitā pokkharaṇī, cakkavākapakūjitā.

‘‘Mandālakehi sañchannā, padumuppalakehi ca;

Nadī ca sandate tattha, supatitthā manoramā.

‘‘Macchakacchapasañchannā, nānādijasamotthatā;

Mayūrakoñcābhirudā, kokilādīhi vagguhi.

‘‘Pārevatā ravihaṃsā ca, cakkavākā nadīcarā;

Dindibhā sāḷikā cettha, pammakā jīvajīvakā.

‘‘Haṃsā koñcāpi naditā, kosiyā piṅgalā bahū;

Sattaratanasampannā, maṇimuttikavālukā.

‘‘Sabbasoṇṇamayā rukkhā, nānāgandhasameritā;

Ujjotenti divārattiṃ, bhavanaṃ sabbakālikaṃ.

‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, sāyaṃ pāto pavajjare;

Soḷasitthisahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā.

‘‘Abhinikkhamma bhavanā, sumedhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, vandayiṃ taṃ mahāyasaṃ.

‘‘Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, sasaṅghaṃ taṃ nimantayiṃ;

Adhivāsesi so dhīro, sumedho lokanāyako.

‘‘Mama dhammakathaṃ katvā, uyyojesi mahāmuni;

Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, bhavanaṃ me upāgamiṃ.

‘‘Āmantayiṃ parijanaṃ, sabbe sannipatātha vo;

Pubbaṇhasamayaṃ buddho, bhavanaṃ āgamissati.

‘‘Lābhā amhaṃ suladdhaṃ no, ye vasāma tavantike;

Mayampi buddhaseṭṭhassa, pūjaṃ kassāma satthuno.

‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ paṭṭhapetvā, kālaṃ ārocayiṃ ahaṃ;

Vasīsatasahassehi, upesi lokanāyako.

‘‘Pañcaṅgikehi tūriyehi, paccuggamanamakāsahaṃ;

Sabbasoṇṇamaye pīṭhe, nisīdi purisuttamo.

‘‘Uparicchadanaṃ āsi, sabbasoṇṇamayaṃ tadā;

Bījaniyo pavāyanti, bhikkhusaṅghassa antare.

‘‘Pahūtenannapānena, bhikkhusaṅghamatappayiṃ;

Paccekadussayugaḷe, bhikkhusaṅghassadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ vadanti sumedhoti, lokāhutipaṭiggahaṃ;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yo me annena pānena, sabbe ime ca tappayiṃ;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati;

Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Upapajjati yaṃ yoniṃ, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Sabbadā sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, chadanaṃ dhārayissati.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, sīhanādaṃ nadissati;

Citake chattaṃ dhārenti, heṭṭhā chattamhi ḍayhatha.

‘‘Sāmaññaṃ me anuppattaṃ, kilesā jhāpitā mayā;

Maṇḍape rukkhamūle vā, santāpo me na vijjati.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, sabbadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha bhagavā āyasmantaṃ yasaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ pasāretvā ‘‘ehi bhikkhū’’ti āha. Vacanasamanantarameva dvaṅgulamattakesamassu aṭṭhaparikkhāradharo vassasaṭṭhikatthero viya ahosi. So attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānento ehibhikkhubhāvappattito purimāvatthavasena –

117.

‘‘Suvilitto suvasano, sabbābharaṇabhūsito;

Tisso vijjā ajjhagamiṃ, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha suvilittoti sundarena kuṅkumacandanānulepanena vilittagatto. Suvasanoti suṭṭhu mahagghakāsikavatthavasano. Sabbābharaṇabhūsitoti sīsūpagādīhi sabbehi ābharaṇehi alaṅkato. Ajjhagaminti adhigacchiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Yasattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Kimilattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Abhisattova nipatatīti āyasmato kimilattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto parinibbute satthari tassa dhātuyo uddissa saḷalamālāhi maṇḍapākārena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃse nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare sākiyarājakule nibbatti, kimilotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bhogasampattiyā sampanno viharati. Tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ disvā saṃvegajananatthaṃ anupiyāyaṃ viharanto satthā paṭhamayobbane ṭhitaṃ dassanīyaṃ itthirūpaṃ abhinimminitvā purato dassetvā puna anukkamena yathā jarārogavipattīhi abhibhūtā dissati, tathā akāsi. Taṃ disvā kimilakumāro ativiya saṃvegaṃ pakāsento –

118.

‘‘Abhisattova nipatati vayo, rūpaṃ aññamiva tatheva santaṃ;

Tasseva sato avippavasato, aññasseva sarāmi attāna’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha abhisattovāti ‘‘tvaṃ sīghaṃ gaccha mā tiṭṭhā’’ti devehi anusiṭṭho āṇatto viya. ‘‘Abhisaṭṭho vā’’tipi pāṭho, ‘‘tvaṃ lahuṃ gacchā’’ti kenaci abhilāsāpito viyāti attho. Nipatatīti atipatati abhidhāvati na tiṭṭhati, khaṇe khaṇe khayavayaṃ pāpuṇātīti attho. Vayoti bālyayobbanādiko sarīrassa avatthāviseso. Idha panassa yobbaññaṃ adhippetaṃ, taṃ hissa abhipatantaṃ khīyantaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhitaṃ. Rūpanti rūpasampadāti vadati. Rūpanti pana sarīraṃ ‘‘aṭṭhiñca paṭicca nhāruñca paṭicca maṃsañca paṭicca ākāso parivārito rūpaṃtveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.306) viya. Aññamiva tatheva santanti idaṃ rūpaṃ yādisaṃ, sayaṃ tatheva tenevākārena santaṃ vijjamānaṃ aññaṃ viya mayhaṃ upaṭṭhātīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Tadeva santa’’nti ca keci paṭhanti. Tasseva satoti tasseva me anaññassa sato samānassa. Avippavasatoti na vippavasantassa, ciravippavāsena hi sato anaññampi aññaṃ viya upaṭṭhāti idampi idha natthīti adhippāyo. Aññasseva sarāmi attānanti imaṃ mama attabhāvaṃ aññassa sattassa viya sarāmi upadhāremi sañjānāmīti attho. Tassevaṃ aniccataṃ manasi karontassa daḷhataro saṃvego udapādi, so saṃvegajāto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.56.42-48) –

‘‘Nibbute kakusandhamhi, brāhmaṇamhi vusīmati;

Gahetvā saḷalaṃ mālaṃ, maṇḍapaṃ kārayiṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Tāvatiṃsaṃ gato santo, labhimha byamhamuttamaṃ;

Aññe devetirocāmi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, caṅkamanto ṭhito cahaṃ;

Channo saḷalapupphehi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappamhi, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvāpi thero attano purimuppannaṃ aniccatāmanasikāraṃ vibhāvento tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Tenetaṃ imassa therassa aññābyākaraṇampi ahosi.

Kimilattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Rukkhamūlagahanaṃpasakkiyāti āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe ekaṃ paccekasambuddhaṃ bhikkhāya gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kadaliphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ licchavirājaputto hutvā nibbatti, vajjirājaputtattā vajjiputtotveva cassa samaññā ahosi. So daharo hutvā hatthisikkhādisikkhanakālepi hetusampannatāya nissaraṇajjhāsayova hutvā vicaranto satthu dhammadesanākāle vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisinno dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho satthu santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.57-62) –

‘‘Sahassaraṃsī bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;

Vivekā vuṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.

‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, avaṭaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā aparabhāge aciraparinibbute satthari dhammaṃ saṅgāyituṃ saṅketaṃ katvā mahātheresu tattha tattha viharantesu ekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sekhaṃyeva samānaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā tassa uparimaggādhigamāya ussāhaṃ janento –

119.

‘‘Rukkhamūlagahanaṃ pasakkiya, nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya;

Jhāya gotama mā ca pamādo, kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha rukkhamūlagahananti rukkhamūlabhūtaṃ gahanaṃ, gahanañhi atthi, na rukkhamūlaṃ, rukkhamūlañca atthi, na gahanaṃ, tesu rukkhamūlaggahaṇena ṭhānassa chāyāsampannatāya vātātapaparissayābhāvaṃ dasseti. Gahanaggahaṇena nivātabhāvena vātaparissayābhāvaṃ janasambādhābhāvañca dasseti, tadubhayena ca bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Pasakkiyāti upagantvā. Nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiyāti ‘‘evaṃ mayā paṭipajjitvā nibbānaṃ adhigantabba’’nti nibbutiṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā citte karitvā. Jhāyāti lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāya, vipassanābhāvanāsahitaṃ maggabhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. Gotamāti dhammabhaṇḍāgārikaṃ gottena ālapati. Mā ca pamādoti adhikusalesu dhammesu mā pamādaṃ āpajji. Idāni yādiso therassa pamādo, taṃ paṭikkhepavasena dassento ‘‘kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti āha. Tattha biḷibiḷikāti viḷiviḷikiriyā, biḷibiḷīti saddapavatti yathā niratthakā, evaṃ biḷibiḷikāsadisā janapaññatti kiṃ te karissati kīdisaṃ atthaṃ tuyhaṃ sādheti, tasmā janapaññattiṃ pahāya sadatthapasuto hohīti ovādaṃ adāsi.

Taṃ sutvā aññehi vuttavisagandhavāyanavacanena saṃvegajāto bahudeva rattiṃ caṅkamena vītināmento vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā senāsanaṃ pavisitvā mañcake nipannamattova arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Isidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pañcakkhandhāpariññātāti āyasmato isidattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ rathiyaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso madhuraṃ āmodaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde avantiraṭṭhe vaḍḍhagāme aññatarassa satthavāhassa putto hutvā nibbatti, isidattotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto macchikāsaṇḍe cittassa gahapatino adiṭṭhasahāyo hutvā tena buddhaguṇe likhitvā pesitasāsanaṃ paṭilabhitvā sāsane sañjātappasādo therassa mahākaccānassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.80-84) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, āmodamadadiṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā ‘‘buddhupaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti theraṃ āpucchitvā anukkamena majjhimadesaṃ gantvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno , ‘‘kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīya’’ntiādinā satthārā katapaṭisanthāro paṭivacanamukhena, ‘‘bhagavā tumhākaṃ sāsanaṃ upagatakālato paṭṭhāya mayhaṃ sabbadukkhaṃ apagataṃ, sabbo parissayo vūpasanto’’ti pavedanavasena aññaṃ byākaronto –

120.

‘‘Pañcakkhandhā pariññātā, tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā;

Dukkhakkhayo anuppatto, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha pañcakkhandhā pariññātāti pañcapi me upādānakkhandhā vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito bhiyyo’’ti sabbaso paricchijja ñātā, na tesu kiñcipi pariññātabbaṃ atthīti adhippāyo. Tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakāti sabbaso pariññātattā eva tesaṃ avijjātaṇhādikassa mūlassa samucchinnattā ariyamaggena pahīnattā yāvacarimacittanirodhā te tiṭṭhanti. Dukkhakkhayo anuppattoti chinnamūlakattāyeva ca nesaṃ vaṭṭadukkhassa khayo parikkhayo anuppatto, nibbānaṃ adhigataṃ. Patto me āsavakkhayoti kāmāsavādīnaṃ sabbesaṃ āsavānaṃ khayante abhigantabbatāya ‘‘āsavakkhayo’’ti laddhanāmaṃ arahattaṃ pattaṃ paṭiladdhanti attho. Keci pana antimāyaṃ samussayo’’ti paṭhanti. Nibbānassa adhigatattāyeva ayaṃ mama samussayo attabhāvo antimo sabbapacchimako, natthi dāni punabbhavoti attho. Yaṃ pana tattha tattha avuttaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānaṃyevāti.

Isidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dvādasamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Niṭṭhitā ca paramatthadīpaniyaṃ theragāthāvaṇṇanāyaṃ

Vīsādhikasatattheragāthāpaṭimaṇḍitassa ekakanipātassa

Atthavaṇṇanā.

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