Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
Khuddakanikāye
Khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathā
Ganthārambhakathā
Dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi;
Saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti.
Ayaṃ saraṇagamananiddeso khuddakānaṃ ādi.
Imassa dāni atthaṃ paramatthajotikāya khuddakaṭṭhakathāya vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuṃ idaṃ vuccati –
Uttamaṃ vandaneyyānaṃ, vanditvā ratanattayaṃ;
Khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇanaṃ.
Khuddakānaṃ gambhīrattā, kiñcāpi atidukkarā;
Vaṇṇanā mādisenesā, abodhantena sāsanaṃ.
Ajjāpi tu abbocchinno, pubbācariyanicchayo;
Tatheva ca ṭhitaṃ yasmā, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ.
Tasmāhaṃ kātumicchāmi, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ imaṃ;
Sāsanañceva nissāya, porāṇañca vinicchayaṃ.
Saddhammabahumānena, nāttukkaṃsanakamyatā;
Nāññesaṃ vambhanatthāya, taṃ suṇātha samāhitāti.
Khuddakavavatthānaṃ
Tattha ‘‘khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇana’’nti vuttattā khuddakāni tāva vavatthapetvā pacchā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Khuddakāni nāma khuddakanikāyassa ekadeso, khuddakanikāyo nāma pañcannaṃ nikāyānaṃ ekadeso. Pañca nikāyā nāma –
Dīghamajjhimasaṃyutta, aṅguttarikakhuddakā;
Nikāyā pañca gambhīrā, dhammato atthato cime.
Tattha brahmajālasuttādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni dīghanikāyo. Mūlapariyāyasuttādīni diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttāni majjhimanikāyo. Oghataraṇasuttādīni satta suttasahassāni satta ca suttasatāni dvāsaṭṭhi ca suttāni saṃyuttanikāyo. Cittapariyādānasuttādīni nava suttasahassāni pañca ca suttasatāni sattapaññāsañca suttāni aṅguttaranikāyo. Khuddakapāṭho, dhammapadaṃ, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, suttanipāto, vimānavatthu, petavatthu, theragāthā, therīgāthā, jātakaṃ, niddeso, paṭisambhidā , apadānaṃ, buddhavaṃso, cariyāpiṭakaṃ, vinayābhidhammapiṭakāni, ṭhapetvā vā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ khuddakanikāyo.
Kasmā panesa khuddakanikāyoti vuccati? Bahūnaṃ khuddakānaṃ dhammakkhandhānaṃ samūhato nivāsato ca. Samūhanivāsā hi ‘‘nikāyo’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanikāyampi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā (saṃ. ni. 3.100). Poṇikanikāyo, cikkhallikanikāyo’’ti evamādīni cettha sādhakāni sāsanato lokato ca. Ayamassa khuddakanikāyassa ekadeso. Imāni suttantapiṭakapariyāpannāni atthato vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuñca adhippetāni khuddakāni, tesampi khuddakānaṃ saraṇasikkhāpadadvattiṃsākārakumārapañhamaṅgalasutta- ratanasuttatirokuṭṭanidhikaṇḍamettasuttānaṃ vasena navappabhedo khuddakapāṭho ādi ācariyaparamparāya vācanāmaggaṃ āropitavasena na bhagavatā vuttavasena. Bhagavatā hi vuttavasena –
‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154) –
Idaṃ gāthādvayaṃ sabbassāpi buddhavacanassa ādi. Tañca manasāva vuttavasena, na vacībhedaṃ katvā vuttavasena. Vacībhedaṃ pana katvā vuttavasena –
‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,
Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;
Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,
Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti. (udā. 1; mahāva. 1) –
Ayaṃ gāthā ādi. Tasmā yvāyaṃ navappabhedo khuddakapāṭho imesaṃ khuddakānaṃ ādi, tassa ādito pabhuti atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ ārabhissāmi.
Nidānasodhanaṃ
Tassa cāyamādi ‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti. Tassāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanāya mātikā –
‘‘Kena kattha kadā kasmā, bhāsitaṃ saraṇattayaṃ;
Kasmā cidhādito vutta, mavuttamapi ādito.
‘‘Nidānasodhanaṃ katvā, evamettha tato paraṃ;
Buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ, gamakañca vibhāvaye.
‘‘Bhedābhedaṃ phalañcāpi, gamanīyañca dīpaye;
Dhammaṃ saraṇamiccādi, dvayepesa nayo mato.
‘‘Anupubbavavatthāne, kāraṇañca viniddise;
Saraṇattayametañca, upamāhi pakāsaye’’ti.
Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva idaṃ saraṇattayaṃ kena bhāsitaṃ, kattha bhāsitaṃ, kadā bhāsitaṃ, kasmā bhāsitaṃ avuttamapicādito tathāgatena kasmā idhādito vuttanti pañca pañhā.
Tesaṃ vissajjanā kena bhāsitanti bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, na sāvakehi, na isīhi, na devatāhi. Katthāti bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye. Kadāti āyasmante yase saddhiṃ sahāyakehi arahattaṃ patte ekasaṭṭhiyā arahantesu bahujanahitāya loke dhammadesanaṃ karontesu. Kasmāti pabbajjatthañca upasampadatthañca. Yathāha –
‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, pabbājetabbo upasampādetabbo. Paṭhamaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādāpetvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ kārāpetvā bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vandāpetvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīdāpetvā añjaliṃ paggaṇhāpetvā ‘evaṃ vadehī’ti vattabbo ‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’’ti (mahāva. 34).
Kasmācidhādito vuttanti idañca navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ tīhi piṭakehi saṅgaṇhitvā vācanāmaggaṃ āropentehi pubbācariyehi yasmā iminā maggena devamanussā upāsakabhāvena vā pabbajitabhāvena vā sāsanaṃ otaranti, tasmā sāsanotārassa maggabhūtattā idha khuddakapāṭhe ādito vuttanti ñātabbaṃ.
Kataṃ nidānasodhanaṃ.
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