2. Dukanipāto
1. Paṭhamavaggo
1. Dukkhavihārasuttavaṇṇanā
28. Dukanipātassa paṭhame dvīhīti gaṇanaparicchedo. Dhammehīti paricchinnadhammanidassanaṃ. Dvīhi dhammehīti dvīhi akusaladhammehi. Samannāgatoti yutto. Diṭṭheva dhammeti imasmiṃyeva attabhāve. Dukkhaṃ viharatīti catūsupi iriyāpathesu kilesadukkhena ceva kāyikacetasikadukkhena ca dukkhaṃ viharati. Savighātanti cittūpaghātena ceva kāyūpaghātena ca savighātaṃ. Saupāyāsanti kilesūpāyāsena ceva sarīrakhedena ca balavaāyāsavasena saupāyāsaṃ. Sapariḷāhanti kilesapariḷāhena ceva kāyapariḷāhena ca sapariḷāhaṃ. Kāyassa bhedāti upādinnakkhandhapariccāgā. Paraṃ maraṇāti tadanantaraṃ abhinibbattakkhandhaggahaṇe. Atha vā kāyassa bhedāti jīvitindriyupacchedā. Paraṃ maraṇāti cutito uddhaṃ. Duggati pāṭikaṅkhāti duggatisaṅkhātānaṃ catunnaṃ apāyānaṃ aññatarā gati icchitabbā, avassaṃbhāvinīti attho.
Aguttadvāroti apihitadvāro. Kattha pana aguttadvāroti āha ‘‘indriyesū’’ti. Tena manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ asaṃvaramāha. Paṭiggahaṇaparibhogavasena bhojane mattaṃ na jānātīti bhojane amattaññū. ‘‘Indriyesu aguttadvāratāya bhojane amattaññutāyā’’tipi paṭhanti.
Kathaṃ indriyesu aguttadvāratā, kathaṃ vā guttadvāratāti? Kiñcāpi hi cakkhundriye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā natthi. Na hi cakkhupasādaṃ nissāya sati vā muṭṭhassaccaṃ vā uppajjati. Apica yadā rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchati, tadā bhavaṅge dvikkhattuṃ uppajjitvā niruddhe kiriyāmanodhātu āvajjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati, tato cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dassanakiccaṃ, tato vipākamanodhātu sampaṭicchanakiccaṃ, tato vipākāhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu santīraṇakiccaṃ, tato kiriyāhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu voṭṭhabbanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati, tadanantaraṃ javanaṃ javati. Tathāpi neva bhavaṅgasamaye, na āvajjanādīnaṃ aññatarasamaye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā atthi, javanakkhaṇe pana sace dussīlyaṃ vā muṭṭhassaccaṃ vā aññāṇaṃ vā akkhanti vā kosajjaṃ vā uppajjati, asaṃvaro hoti. Evaṃ hontopi so ‘‘cakkhudvāre asaṃvaro’’ti vuccati. Kasmā? Yasmā tasmiṃ sati dvārampi aguttaṃ hoti bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nagare catūsu dvāresu asaṃvutesu kiñcāpi antogharadvārakoṭṭhakagabbhādayo susaṃvutā tathāpi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ arakkhitaṃ agopitameva hoti. Nagaradvārehi pavisitvā corā yadicchanti, taṃ hareyyuṃ. Evameva javane dussīlyādīsu uppannesu tasmiṃ asaṃvare satidvārampi aguttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi. Tasmiṃ pana asati javane sīlādīsu uppannesu dvārampi guttaṃ hoti bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nagaradvāresu saṃvutesu kiñcāpi antogharadvārādayo asaṃvutā, tathāpi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ surakkhitaṃ sugopitameva hoti. Nagaradvāresu hi pihitesu corānaṃ paveso natthi. Evameva javane sīlādīsu uppannesu dvārampi guttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgampi, āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi. Tasmā javanakkhaṇe uppajjamānopi ‘‘cakkhudvāre saṃvaro’’ti vuccati. Sesadvāresupi eseva nayo. Evaṃ indriyesu aguttadvāratā, guttadvāratā ca veditabbā.
Kathaṃ pana bhojane amattaññū, kathaṃ vā mattaññūti ? Yo hi puggalo mahiccho hutvā paṭiggahaṇe mattaṃ na jānāti. Mahicchapuggalo hi yathā nāma kacchapuṭavāṇijo piḷandhanabhaṇḍakaṃ hatthena gahetvā ucchaṅgepi pakkhipitabbayuttakaṃ pakkhipitvā mahājanassa passantasseva ‘‘asukaṃ gaṇhatha, asukaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti mukhena ugghoseti, evameva appamattakampi attano sīlaṃ vā ganthaṃ vā dhutaṅgaguṇaṃ vā antamaso araññavāsamattakampi mahājanassa jānantasseva sambhāveti, sambhāvetvā ca pana sakaṭehipi upanīte paccaye ‘‘ala’’nti avatvā paṭiggaṇhāti. Tayo hi pūretuṃ na sakkā aggi upādānena, samuddo udakena, mahiccho paccayehīti –
‘‘Aggikkhandho samuddo ca, mahiccho cāpi puggalo;
Bahuke paccaye dinne, tayopete na pūrayeti’’.
Mahicchapuggalo hi vijātamātuyāpi manaṃ gaṇhituṃ na sakkoti. Evarūpo hi anuppannaṃ lābhaṃ na uppādeti, uppannalābhato ca parihāyati. Evaṃ tāva paṭiggahaṇe amattaññū hoti. Yo pana dhammena samena laddhampi āhāraṃ gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādīnavadassāvī anissaraṇapañño āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatthavaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakabrāhmaṇānaṃ aññataro viya ayoniso anupāyena yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ paribhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati. Ayaṃ paribhoge amattaññū nāma.
Yo pana ‘‘yadipi deyyadhammo bahu hoti, dāyako appaṃ dātukāmo, dāyakassa vasena appaṃ gaṇhāti. Deyyadhammo appo, dāyako bahuṃ dātukāmo, deyyadhammassa vasena appaṃ gaṇhāti. Deyyadhammo bahu, dāyakopi bahuṃ dātukāmo, attano thāmaṃ ñatvā pamāṇayuttameva gaṇhātī’’ti evaṃ vuttassa paṭiggahaṇe pamāṇajānanassa ceva, ‘‘paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti, neva davāya, na madāyā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 1355) ‘‘laddhañca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjatī’’ti ca ādinā nayena vuttassa paccavekkhitvā paṭisaṅkhānapaññāya jānitvā āhāraparibhuñjanasaṅkhātassa paribhoge pamāṇajānanassa ca vasena bhojane mattaññū hoti, ayaṃ bhojane mattaññū nāma. Evaṃ bhojane amattaññutā mattaññutā ca hotīti veditabbaṃ.
Gāthāsu pana cakkhuntiādīsu cakkhatīti cakkhu, rūpaṃ assādeti, samavisamaṃ ācikkhantaṃ viya hotīti vā attho. Suṇātīti sotaṃ. Ghāyatīti ghānaṃ. Jīvitanimittaṃ āhāraraso jīvitaṃ, taṃ avhāyatīti jivhā. Kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo. Manate vijānātīti mano. Porāṇā panāhu munātīti mano, nāḷiyā minamāno viya mahātulāya dhārayamāno viya ca ārammaṇaṃ vijānātīti attho. Evaṃ tāvettha padattho veditabbo.
Bhāvatthato pana duvidhaṃ cakkhu – maṃsacakkhu ca paññācakkhu ca. Tesu buddhacakkhu, samantacakkhu, ñāṇacakkhu, dibbacakkhu, dhammacakkhūti pañcavidhaṃ paññācakkhu. Tattha ‘‘addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento’’ti (ma. ni. 1.283) idaṃ buddhacakkhu nāma. ‘‘Samantacakkhu vuccati sabbaññutaññāṇa’’nti (cūḷava. dhotakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 32) idaṃ samantacakkhu nāma. ‘‘Cakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 15) idaṃ ñāṇacakkhu nāma. ‘‘Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhenā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.284) idaṃ dibbacakkhu nāma. ‘‘Virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.395; mahāva. 16) idaṃ heṭṭhimamaggattayasaṅkhātaṃ dhammacakkhu nāma.
Maṃsacakkhupi duvidhaṃ – sasambhāracakkhu, pasādacakkhūti. Tattha yvāyaṃ akkhikūpake patiṭṭhito heṭṭhā akkhikūpakaṭṭhikena, upari bhamukaṭṭhikena , ubhato akkhikūṭehi, anto matthaluṅgena, bahiddhā akkhilomehi paricchinno maṃsapiṇḍo, saṅkhepato catasso dhātuyo – vaṇṇo, gandho, raso, ojāsambhavo saṇṭhānaṃ jīvitaṃ bhāvo kāyapasādo cakkhupasādoti cuddasa sambhārā. Vitthārato catasso dhātuyo taṃnissitā vaṇṇagandharasaojāsaṇṭhānasambhavāti imāni dasa catusamuṭṭhānikattā cattālīsaṃ honti, jīvitaṃ bhāvo kāyapasādo cakkhupasādoti cattāri ekantakammasamuṭṭhānevāti imesaṃ catucattālīsāya rūpānaṃ vasena catucattālīsa sambhārā. Yaṃ loke ‘‘setaṃ vaṭṭaṃ puthulaṃ visaṭaṃ vipulaṃ cakkhū’’ti sañjānanto na cakkhuṃ sañjānāti, vatthuṃ cakkhuto sañjānāti, yo maṃsapiṇḍo akkhikūpake patiṭṭhito nhārusuttakena matthaluṅgena ābaddho, yattha setampi atthi kaṇhampi lohitakampi pathavīpi āpopi tejopi vāyopi. Yaṃ semhussadattā setaṃ, pittussadattā kaṇhaṃ, ruhirussadattā lohitakaṃ, pathavussadattā patthaddhaṃ, āpussadattā paggharati, tejussadattā pariḍayhati, vāyussadattā sambhamati, idaṃ sasambhāracakkhu nāma. Yo pana ettha sito ettha paṭibaddho catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya pasādo, idaṃ pasādacakkhu nāma. Idañhi cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ yathārahaṃ vatthudvārabhāvena pavattati.
Sotādīsupi sotaṃ dibbasotaṃ, maṃsasotanti duvidhaṃ. Ettha ‘‘dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇātī’’ti idaṃ dibbasotaṃ nāma. Maṃsasotaṃ pana sasambhārasotaṃ pasādasotanti duvidhantiādi sabbaṃ cakkhumhi vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ, tathā ghānajivhā. Kāyo pana copanakāyo, karajakāyo, samūhakāyo, pasādakāyotiādinā bahuvidho. Tattha –
‘‘Kāyena saṃvutā dhīrā, atho vācāya saṃvutā’’ti. (dha. pa. 234) –
Ayaṃ copanakāyo nāma. ‘‘Imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimminātī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.236; paṭi. ma. 3.14) ayaṃ karajakāyo nāma. Samūhakāyo pana viññāṇādisamūhavasena anekavidho āgato. Tathā hi ‘‘cha ime, āvuso, viññāṇakāyā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.101) viññāṇasamūho vutto. ‘‘Cha phassakāyā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.323; ma. ni. 1.98) phassādisamūho . Tathā ‘‘kāyapassaddhi kāyalahutā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 114) vedanākkhandhādayo. ‘‘Idhekacco pathavikāyaṃ aniccato anupassati, āpokāyaṃ tejokāyaṃ vāyokāyaṃ kesakāyaṃ lomakāya’’ntiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 3.35) pathavādisamūho. ‘‘Kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā’’ti (a. ni. 3.16) ayaṃ pasādakāyo. Idhāpi pasādakāyo veditabbo. So hi kāyaviññāṇādīnaṃ yathārahaṃ vatthudvārabhāvena pavattati. Manoti pana kiñcāpi sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuccati, tathāpi dvārabhāvassa idhādhippetattā dvārabhūtaṃ sāvajjanaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Etāni yassa dvārāni aguttāni ca bhikkhunoti yassa bhikkhuno etāni manacchaṭṭhāni dvārāni sativossaggena pamādaṃ āpannattā satikavāṭena apihitāni. Bhojanamhi…pe… adhigacchatīti so bhikkhu vuttanayena bhojane amattaññū indriyesu ca saṃvararahito diṭṭhadhammikañca rogādivasena, samparāyikañca duggatipariyāpannaṃ kāyadukkhaṃ rāgādikilesasantāpavasena, icchāvighātavasena ca cetodukkhanti sabbathāpi dukkhameva adhigacchati pāpuṇāti. Yasmā cetadevaṃ, tasmā duvidhenapi dukkhagginā idhaloke ca paraloke ca ḍayhamānena kāyena ḍayhamānena cetasā divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ niccakālameva tādiso puggalo dukkhameva viharati, na tassa sukhavihārassa sambhavo, vaṭṭadukkhānatikkame pana vattabbameva natthīti.
Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Sukhavihārasuttavaṇṇanā
29. Dutiye vuttavipariyāyena attho veditabbo.
Dutiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Tapanīyasuttavaṇṇanā
30. Tatiye tapanīyāti idha ceva samparāye ca tapanti vibādhenti viheṭhentīti tapanīyā. Tapanaṃ vā dukkhaṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāye ca tassa uppādanena ceva anubalappadānena ca hitāti tapanīyā. Atha vā tapanti tenāti tapanaṃ, pacchānutāpo, vippaṭisāroti attho, tassa hetubhāvato hitāti tapanīyā. Akatakalyāṇoti akataṃ kalyāṇaṃ bhaddakaṃ puññaṃ etenāti akatakalyāṇo. Sesapadadvayaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Puññañhi pavattihitatāya āyatiṃsukhatāya ca bhaddakaṭṭhena kalyāṇanti ca kucchitasalanādiatthena kusalanti ca dukkhabhīrūnaṃ saṃsārabhīrūnañca rakkhanaṭṭhena bhīruttāṇanti ca vuccati. Katapāpoti kataṃ upacitaṃ pāpaṃ etenāti katapāpo. Sesapadadvayaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Akusalakammañhi lāmakaṭṭhena pāpanti ca attano pavattikkhaṇe vipākakkhaṇe ca ghorasabhāvatāya luddanti ca kilesehi dūsitabhāvena kibbisanti ca vuccati. Iti bhagavā ‘‘dve dhammā tapanīyā’’ti dhammādhiṭṭhānena uddisitvā akataṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ katañca akusalaṃ dhammaṃ puggalādhiṭṭhānena niddisi. Idāni tesaṃ tapanīyabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘so akataṃ me kalyāṇantipi tappati, kataṃ me pāpantipi tappatī’’ti āha. Cittasantāsena tappati anutappati anusocatīti attho.
Gāthāsu duṭṭhu caritaṃ, kilesapūtikattā vā duṭṭhaṃ caritanti duccaritaṃ. Kāyena duccaritaṃ, kāyato vā pavattaṃ duccaritaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ. Evaṃ vacīmanoduccaritānipi daṭṭhabbāni. Imāni ca kāyaduccaritādīni kammapathappattāni adhippetānīti yaṃ na kammapathappattaṃ akusalajātaṃ, taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘yañcaññaṃ dosasañhita’’nti. Tassattho – yampi ca aññaṃ kammapathabhāvaṃ appattattā nippariyāyena kāyakammādisaṅkhaṃ na labhati, rāgādikilesasaṃsaṭṭhattā dosasahitaṃ akusalaṃ tampi katvāti attho. Nirayanti niratiatthena nirassādaṭṭhena vā nirayanti laddhanāmaṃ sabbampi duggatiṃ, ayasaṅkhātasukhappaṭikkhepena vā sabbattha sugatiduggatīsu nirayadukkhaṃ. So tādiso puggalo upagacchatīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
Ettha ca kāyaduccaritassa tapanīyabhāve nando yakkho nando māṇavako nando goghātako dve bhātikāti etesaṃ vatthūni kathetabbāni. Te kira gāviṃ vadhitvā maṃsaṃ dve koṭṭhāse akaṃsu. Tato kaniṭṭho jeṭṭhaṃ āha – ‘‘mayhaṃ dārakā bahū, imāni me antāni dehī’’ti. Atha naṃ jeṭṭho – ‘‘sabbaṃ maṃsaṃ dvedhā vibhattaṃ, puna kimaggahesī’’ti paharitvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpesi. Nivattitvā ca naṃ olokento mataṃ disvā ‘‘bhāriyaṃ vata mayā kataṃ, svāhaṃ akāraṇeneva naṃ māresi’’nti cittaṃ uppādesi. Athassa balavavippaṭisāro uppajji. So ṭhitaṭṭhānepi nisinnaṭṭhānepi tadeva kammaṃ āvajjeti, cittassādaṃ na labhati, asitapītakhāyitampissa sarīre ojaṃ na pharati, aṭṭhicammamattameva ahosi. Atha naṃ eko thero pucchi ‘‘upāsaka, tvaṃ ativiya kiso aṭṭhicammamatto jāto, kīdiso te rogo, udāhu atthi kiñci tapanīyaṃ kammaṃ kata’’nti? So ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti sabbaṃ ārocesi. Athassa so ‘‘bhāriyaṃ te, upāsaka, kammaṃ kataṃ, anaparādhaṭṭhāne aparaddha’’nti āha. So teneva kammunā kālaṃ katvā niraye nibbatti. Vacīduccaritassa pana suppabuddhasakkakokālikaciñcamāṇavikādīnaṃ vatthūni kathetabbāni, manoduccaritassa ukkalajayabhaññādīnaṃ.
Tatiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Atapanīyasuttavaṇṇanā
31. Catutthe tatiye vuttavipariyāyena attho veditabbo.
Catutthasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Paṭhamasīlasuttavaṇṇanā
32. Pañcame pāpakena ca sīlenāti pāpakaṃ nāma sīlaṃ sīlabhedakaro asaṃvaroti vadanti. Tattha yadi asaṃvaro asīlameva taṃdussīlyabhāvato, kathaṃ sīlanti vuccati? Tatthāyaṃ adhippāyo siyā – yathā nāma loke adiṭṭhaṃ ‘‘diṭṭha’’nti vuccati, asīlavā ‘‘sīlavā’’ti, evamidhāpi asīlampi asaṃvaropi ‘‘sīla’’nti voharīyati. Atha vā ‘‘katame ca, thapati, akusalā sīlā? Akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ, akusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ, pāpako ājīvo’’ti (ma. ni. 2.264) vacanato akusaladhammesupi attheva sīlasamaññā, tasmā paricayavasena sabhāvasiddhi viya pakatibhūto sabbo samācāro ‘‘sīla’’nti vuccati. Tattha yaṃ akosallasambhūtaṭṭhena akusalaṃ lāmakaṃ, taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘pāpakena ca sīlenā’’ti. Pāpikāya ca diṭṭhiyāti sabbāpi micchādiṭṭhiyo pāpikāva. Visesato pana ahetukadiṭṭhi, akiriyadiṭṭhi, natthikadiṭṭhīti imā tividhā diṭṭhiyo pāpikatarā. Tattha pāpakena sīlena samannāgato puggalo payogavipanno hoti, pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato āsayavipanno hoti, evaṃ payogāsayavipanno puggalo nirayūpago hotiyeva. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘imehi kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato puggalo yathābhataṃ nikkhitto, evaṃ niraye’’ti. Ettha ca ‘‘dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato’’ti idaṃ lakkhaṇavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, na tantiniddeso. Yathā taṃ loke ‘‘yadime byādhitā siyuṃ, imesaṃ idaṃ bhesajjaṃ dātabba’’nti. Aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu eseva nayo. Duppaññoti nippañño.
Pañcamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Dutiyasīlasuttavaṇṇanā
33. Chaṭṭhe bhaddakena ca sīlenāti kāyasucaritādicatupārisuddhisīlena. Tañhi akhaṇḍādisīlabhāvena sayañca kalyāṇaṃ, samathavipassanādikalyāṇaguṇāvahaṃ cāti ‘‘bhaddaka’’nti vuccati. Bhaddikāya ca diṭṭhiyāti kammassakatāñāṇena ceva kammapathasammādiṭṭhiyā ca. Tattha bhaddakena sīlena payogasampanno hoti, bhaddikāya diṭṭhiyā āsayasampanno. Iti payogāsayasampanno puggalo saggūpago hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘imehi, kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato puggalo yathābhataṃ nikkhitto, evaṃ sagge’’ti. Sappaññoti paññavā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.
Chaṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Ātāpīsuttavaṇṇanā
34. Sattame anātāpīti kilesānaṃ ātāpanaṭṭhena ātāpo, vīriyaṃ, so etassa atthīti ātāpī, na ātāpī anātāpī, sammappadhānavirahito kusītoti vuttaṃ hoti. Ottāpo vuccati pāputrāso, so etassa atthīti ottāpī, na ottāpī anottāpī, ottāparahito. Atha vā ātāpappaṭipakkho anātāpo, kosajjaṃ so assa atthīti anātāpī. Yaṃ ‘‘na ottapati ottappitabbena, na ottapati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā’’ti evaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ anottappaṃ anottāpo. So assa atthīti anottāpīti evamettha attho veditabbo.
Abhabboti anaraho. Sambodhāyāti ariyamaggatthāya. Nibbānāyāti kilesānaṃ accantavūpasamāya amatamahānibbānāya. Anuttarassa yogakkhemassāti arahattaphalassa. Tañhi uttaritarassa abhāvato anuttaraṃ, catūhi yogehi anupaddutattā khemaṃ nibbhayanti yogakkhemanti ca vuccati. Adhigamāyāti pattiyā. Ātāpīti vīriyavā. So hi ‘‘āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesū’’ti (dī. ni. 3.345) evaṃ vuttena vīriyārambhena samannāgato kilesānaṃ accantameva ātāpanasīloti ātāpī. Ottāpīti ‘‘yaṃ ottapati ottappitabbena, ottapati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā’’ti (dha. sa. 31) evaṃ vuttena ottappena samannāgatattā ottapanasīloti ottappī. Ayañhi ottāpīti vutto. Tadavinābhāvato hiriyā ca samannāgato eva hotīti hirottappasampanno aṇumattepi vajje bhayadassāvī sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti. Iccassa sīlasampadā dassitā. Ātāpīti iminā nayenassa kilesaparitāpitādīpanena samathavipassanābhāvanānuyuttatā dassitā. Yathāvuttañca vīriyaṃ saddhāsatisamādhipaññāhi vinā na hotīti vimuttiparipācakāni saddhāpañcamāni indriyāni atthato vuttāneva honti. Tesu ca siddhesu anicce aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññāti cha nibbedhabhāgiyā saññā siddhā evāti. Evaṃ imehi dvīhi dhammehi samannāgatassa lokiyānaṃ sīlasamādhipaññānaṃ sijjhanato maggaphalanibbānādhigamassa bhabbataṃ dassento ‘‘ātāpī ca kho…pe… adhigamāyā’’ti āha.
Gāthāsu kusītoti micchāvitakkabahulatāya kāmabyāpādavihiṃsāvitakkasaṅkhātehi kucchitehi pāpadhammehi sito sambandho yuttoti kusīto. Kucchitaṃ vā sīdati sammāpaṭipattito avasīdatīti kusīto, da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Hīnavīriyoti nibbīriyo, catūsupi iriyāpathesu vīriyakaraṇarahito. Anussāhasaṃhananasabhāvassa cittālasiyassa thinassa, asattivighātasabhāvassa kāyālasiyassa middhassa ca abhiṇhappavattiyā thinamiddhabahulo. Pāpajigucchanalakkhaṇāya hiriyā abhāvena tappaṭipakkhena ahirikena samannāgatattā ca ahiriko. Hirottappavīriyānaṃ abhāveneva sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ natthi etassa ādaroti anādaro. Ubhayathāpi tathā dhammapuggalena duvidhakiriyākaraṇena anādaro. Phuṭṭhunti phusituṃ. Sambodhimuttamanti sambodhisaṅkhātaṃ uttamaṃ arahattaṃ adhigantuṃ abhabboti attho.
Satimāti cirakatacirabhāsitānaṃ anussaraṇe samatthassa satinepakkassa bhāvena catusatipaṭṭhānayogena satimā. Nipakoti sattaṭṭhāniyasampajaññasaṅkhātena ceva kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇapaññāsaṅkhātena ca nepakkena samannāgatattā nipako. Jhāyīti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena cāti dvīhipi jhānehi jhāyī. Appamattoti ‘‘divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇiyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetī’’tiādinā nayena kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāya appamatto. Saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvāti jātiyā ceva jarāya ca satte saṃyojetīti saṃyojananti laddhanāmaṃ kāmarāgādikaṃ dasavidhampi kilesajātaṃ anusayasamugghātavasena mūlato chinditvā. Atha vā saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvāti jātijarāya saṃyojanaṃ chinditvā. Yassa hi saṃyojanāni acchinnāni, tassa jātijarāya acchedo asamugghātova. Yassa pana tāni chinnāni, tassa jātijarāpi chinnāva kāraṇassa samugghātitattā. Tasmā saṃyojanaṃ chindanto eva jātijarāpi chindati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā’’ti. Idheva sambodhimanuttaraṃ phuseti imasmiṃyeva attabhāve aggamaggaṃ arahattaṃ vā phuse pāpuṇeyya.
Sattamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Paṭhamanakuhanasuttavaṇṇanā
35. Aṭṭhame nayidanti ettha naiti paṭisedhe nipāto, tassa ‘‘vussatī’’ti iminā sambandho, yakāro padasandhikaro. Idaṃ-saddo ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samayaṃ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharāmi subhagavane sālarājamūle’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.501) nipātamattaṃ. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattaka’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.27) yathāvutte āsannapaccakkhe āgato.
‘‘Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ;
Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mamā’’ti. –
Ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.48) vakkhamāne āsannapaccakkhe. Idhāpi vakkhamāneyeva āsannapaccakkhe daṭṭhabbo.
Brahmacariya-saddo –
‘‘Kiṃ te vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,
Kissa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;
Idañca te nāga mahāvimānaṃ.
‘‘Ahañca bhariyā ca manussaloke,
Saddhā ubho dānapatī ahumhā;
Opānabhūtaṃ me gharaṃ tadāsi,
Santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca.
‘‘Taṃ me vataṃ taṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,
Tassa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;
Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,
Idañca me dhīra mahāvimāna’’nti. (jā. 2.22.1592-1593, 1595) –
Imasmiṃ puṇṇakajātake dāne āgato.
‘‘Kena pāṇi kāmadado, kena pāṇi madhussavo;
Kena te brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhati.
‘‘Tena pāṇi kāmadado, tena pāṇi madhussavo;
Tena me brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhatī’’ti. (pe. va. 275, 277) –
Imasmiṃ aṅkurapetavatthusmiṃ veyyāvacce. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, tittiriyaṃ nāma brahmacariyaṃ ahosī’’ti (cūḷava. 311) imasmiṃ tittirajātake pañcasikkhāpadasīle. ‘‘Taṃ kho pana, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ neva nibbidāya na virāgāya…pe… yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.329) imasmiṃ mahāgovindasutte brahmavihāre. ‘‘Pare abrahmacārī bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārino bhavissāmā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.83) sallekhasutte methunaviratiyaṃ.
‘‘Mayañca bhariyā nātikkamāma,
Amhe ca bhariyā nātikkamanti;
Aññatra tāhi brahmacariyaṃ carāma,
Tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na mīyare’’ti. (jā. 1.10.97) –
Mahādhammapālajātake sadārasantose. ‘‘Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, sāriputta, caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritā – tapassī sudaṃ homī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.155) lomahaṃsasutte vīriye.
‘‘Hīnena brahmacariyena, khattiye upapajjati;
Majjhimena ca devattaṃ, uttamena visujjhatī’’ti. (jā. 1.8.75) –
Nimijātake attadamanavasena kate aṭṭhaṅgikauposathe. ‘‘Idaṃ kho pana, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya…pe… ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.329) mahāgovindasutteyeva ariyamagge. ‘‘Tayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsita’’nti (dī. ni. 3.174) pāsādikasutte sikkhattayasaṅgahe sakalasmiṃ sāsane. Idhāpi ariyamagge sāsane ca vattati.
Vussatīti vasīyati, carīyatīti attho. Janakuhanatthanti ‘‘aho ayyo sīlavā vattasampanno appiccho santuṭṭho mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’tiādinā janassa sattalokassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Janalapanatthanti ‘‘evarūpassa nāma ayyassa dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī’’ti pasannacittehi ‘‘kenattho, kiṃ āharīyatū’’ti manussehi vadāpanatthaṃ. Lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti yvāyaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘lābhī assaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna’nti, sīle-svevassa paripūrakārī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.65) sīlānisaṃsabhāvena vutto catupaccayalābho, yo ca catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ sakkaccadānasaṅkhāto ādarabahumānagarukaraṇasaṅkhāto ca sakkāro, yo ca ‘‘sīlasampanno bahussuto sutadharo āraddhavīriyo’’tiādinā nayena uggatathutighosasaṅkhāto siloko brahmacariyaṃ carantānaṃ diṭṭhadhammiko ānisaṃso, tadatthaṃ. Iti maṃ jano jānātūti ‘‘evaṃ brahmacariyavāse sati ‘ayaṃ sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo’tiādinā maṃ jano jānātu sambhāvetū’’ti attano santaguṇavasena sambhāvanatthampi na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti sambandho.
Keci pana ‘‘janakuhanatthanti pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa sato sāmantajappanairiyāpathanissitapaccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena tividhena kuhanavatthunā kuhanabhāvena janassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Janalapanatthanti pāpicchasseva sato paccayatthaṃ parikathobhāsādivasena lapanabhāvena upalāpanabhāvena vā janassa lapanatthaṃ. Lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti pāpicchasseva sato lābhādigarutāya lābhasakkārasilokasaṅkhātassa ānisaṃsaudayassa nipphādanatthaṃ. Iti maṃ jano jānātūti pāpicchasseva sato asantaguṇasambhāvanādhippāyena ‘iti evaṃ maṃ jano jānātū’ti na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti evamettha atthaṃ vadanti. Purimoyeva pana attho sārataro.
Atha khoti ettha athāti aññadatthe nipāto, khoti avadhāraṇe. Tena kuhanādito aññadatthāyeva pana idaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti dasseti. Idāni taṃ payojanaṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvaratthañceva pahānatthañcā’’ti āha. Tattha pañcavidho saṃvaro – pātimokkhasaṃvaro, satisaṃvaro, ñāṇasaṃvaro, khantisaṃvaro, vīriyasaṃvaroti.
Tattha ‘‘iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto’’ti (vibha. 511) hi ādinā nayena āgato ayaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvaro nāma, yo sīlasaṃvaroti ca pavuccati. ‘‘Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.213; ma. ni. 1.295; saṃ. ni. 4.239; a. ni. 3.16) āgato ayaṃ satisaṃvaro.
‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ (ajitāti bhagavā),
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi,
Paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti. (su. ni. 1041) –
Āgato ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro. ‘‘Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) nayena āgato ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro. ‘‘Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) nayena āgato ayaṃ vīriyasaṃvaro. Atthato pana pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pajahanavasena, vattapaṭivattānaṃ karaṇavasena ca pavattā cetanā viratiyo ca. Saṅkhepato sabbo kāyavacīsaṃyamo, vitthārato sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamo sīlasaṃvaro. Sati eva satisaṃvaro, satippadhānā vā kusalā khandhā. Ñāṇameva ñāṇasaṃvaro. Adhivāsanavasena adoso, adosappadhānā vā tathā pavattā kusalā khandhā khantisaṃvaro, paññāti eke. Kāmavitakkādīnaṃ anadhivāsanavasena pavattaṃ vīriyameva vīriyasaṃvaro. Tesu paṭhamo kāyaduccaritādidussīlyassa saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, dutiyo muṭṭhassaccassa, tatiyo aññāṇassa, catuttho akkhantiyā, pañcamo kosajjassa saṃvaraṇato pidahanato saṃvaroti veditabbo. Evametassa saṃvarassa atthāya saṃvaratthaṃ, saṃvaranipphādanatthanti attho.
Pahānampi pañcavidhaṃ – tadaṅgappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanappahānaṃ, samucchedappahānaṃ, paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ, nissaraṇappahānanti. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā ekakanipāte paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva. Tassa pana pañcavidhassapi tathā tathā rāgādikilesānaṃ paṭinissajjanaṭṭhena samatikkamanaṭṭhena vā pahānassa atthāya pahānatthaṃ, pahānasādhanatthanti attho. Tattha saṃvarena kilesānaṃ cittasantāne pavesananivāraṇaṃ pahānena pavesananivāraṇañceva samugghāto cāti vadanti. Ubhayenāpi pana yathārahaṃ ubhayaṃ sampajjatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīlādidhammā eva hi saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, pajahanato pahānanti.
Gāthāsu anītihanti ītiyo vuccanti upaddavā – diṭṭhadhammikā ca samparāyikā ca. Ītiyo hanati vināseti pajahatīti ītihaṃ, anu ītihanti anītihaṃ, sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca. Atha vā ītīhi anatthehi saddhiṃ hananti gacchanti pavattantīti ītihā, taṇhādiupakkilesā. Natthi ettha ītihāti anītihaṃ. Ītihā vā yathāvuttenaṭṭhena titthiyasamayā, tappaṭipakkhato idaṃ anītihaṃ. ‘‘Anitiha’’ntipi pāṭho. Tassattho – ‘‘itihāya’’nti dhammesu anekaṃsaggāhabhāvato vicikicchā itihaṃ nāma, sammāsambuddhappaveditattā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ nikkaṅkhabhāvasādhanato natthi ettha itihanti anitihaṃ, aparappaccayanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti ‘‘atakkāvacaro’’ti ca. Gāthāsukhatthaṃ pana ‘‘anītiha’’nti dīghaṃ katvā paṭhanti.
Nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ ogadhaṃ patiṭṭhaṃ pāraṃ gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī, vimuttirasattā ekanteneva nibbānasampāpakoti attho. Taṃ nibbānogadhagāminaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Soti yo so samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhinditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, so bhagavā adesayi desesi. Nibbānogadhoti vā ariyamaggo vuccati. Tena vinā nibbānogāhanassa asambhavato tassa ca nibbānaṃ anālambitvā appavattanato, tañca taṃ ekantaṃ gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī. Atha vā nibbānogadhagāminanti nibbānassa antogāminaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ , nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā tassa anto eva vattati pavattatīti. Mahattehīti mahāātumehi uḷārajjhāsayehi. Mahantaṃ nibbānaṃ, mahante vā sīlakkhandhādike esanti gavesantīti mahesino buddhādayo ariyā. Tehi anuyāto paṭipanno. Yathā buddhena desitanti yathā abhiññeyyādidhamme abhiññeyyādibhāveneva sammāsambuddhena mayā desitaṃ, evaṃ ye etaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadatthaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyañca paṭipajjanti. Te diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsantassa satthu mayhaṃ sāsanakārino ovādappaṭikarā sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa antaṃ pariyantaṃ appavattiṃ karissanti, dukkhassa vā antaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarissantīti.
Aṭṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Dutiyanakuhanasuttavaṇṇanā
36. Navame abhiññatthanti kusalādivibhāgena khandhādivibhāgena ca sabbadhamme abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇena aviparītato jānanatthaṃ. Pariññatthanti tebhūmakadhamme ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā parijānanatthaṃ samatikkamanatthañca. Tattha abhiññeyyaabhijānanā catusaccavisayā. Pariññeyyaparijānanā pana yadipi dukkhasaccavisayā, pahānasacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayehi pana vinā na pavattatīti pahānādayopi idha gahitāti veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ anantarasutte vuttatthameva.
Navamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Somanassasuttavaṇṇanā
37. Dasame sukhasomanassabahuloti ettha sukhanti kāyikaṃ sukhaṃ, somanassanti cetasikaṃ. Tasmā yassa kāyikaṃ cetasikañca sukhaṃ abhiṇhaṃ pavattati, so sukhasomanassabahuloti vutto. Yonīti ‘‘catasso kho imā, sāriputta, yoniyo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.152) khandhakoṭṭhāso yonīti āgato. ‘‘Yoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāyā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.226) kāraṇaṃ.
‘‘Na cāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ brūmi, yonijaṃ mattisambhava’’nti ca. (ma. ni. 2.457; dha. pa. 396; su. ni. 625);
‘‘Tamenaṃ kammajā vātā nibbattitvā uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosiraṃ samparivattetvā mātu yonimukhe sampaṭipādentī’’ti ca ādīsu passāvamaggo. Idha pana kāraṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Assāti anena. Āraddhāti paṭṭhapitā paggahitā paripuṇṇā sampāditā vā.
Āsavānaṃkhayāyāti ettha āsavantīti āsavā, cakkhutopi…pe… manatopi savanti pavattantīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dhammato yāva gotrabhū, okāsato yāva bhavaggā savantīti vā āsavā. Ete dhamme etañca okāsaṃ anto karitvā pavattantīti attho. Antokaraṇattho hi ayaṃ ākāro. Cirapārivāsiyaṭṭhena madirādayo āsavā viyātipi āsavā. Loke hi cirapārivāsikā madirādayo āsavāti vuccanti. Yadi ca cirapārivāsiyaṭṭhena āsavā, ete eva bhavituṃ arahanti. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ – ‘‘purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya, ito pubbe avijjā nāhosī’’tiādi (a. ni. 10.61). Āyataṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ savanti pasavantītipi āsavā. Purimāni cettha nibbacanāni yattha kilesā āsavāti āgatā, tattha yujjanti; pacchimaṃ kammepi. Na kevalañca kammakilesā eva āsavā, apica kho nānappakārā upaddavāpi. Abhidhamme hi ‘‘cattāro āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, diṭṭhāsavo, avijjāsavo’’ti (dha. sa. 1102) kāmarāgādayo kilesā āsavāti āgatā. Suttepi ‘‘nāhaṃ, cunda, diṭṭhadhammikānaṃyeva āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya dhammaṃ desemī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.182) ettha vivādamūlabhūtā kilesā āsavāti āgatā.
‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;
Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyya, manussattañca abbaje;
Te mayhaṃ, āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36) –
Ettha tebhūmakaṃ kammaṃ avasesā ca akusalā dhammā. ‘‘Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya samparāyikānaṃ āsavānaṃ paṭighātāyā’’ti (pārā. 39) ettha parūpaghātavippaṭisāravadhabandhādayo ceva apāyadukkhabhūtā nānappakārā upaddavā ca.
Te panete āsavā vinaye ‘‘diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya, samparāyikānaṃ āsavānaṃ paṭighātāyā’’ti dvedhā āgatā. Saḷāyatane ‘‘tayome, āvuso, āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.321) tidhā āgatā. Tathā aññesu suttantesu. Abhidhamme teyeva diṭṭhāsavena saddhiṃ catudhā āgatā. Nibbedhikapariyāye pana ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, āsavā nirayagamanīyā, atthi āsavā tiracchānayonigamanīyā, atthi āsavā pettivisayagamanīyā, atthi āsavā manussalokagamanīyā, atthi āsavā devalokagamanīyā’’ti (a. ni. 6.63) pañcadhā āgatā. Kammameva cettha āsavāti adhippetaṃ. Chakkanipāte ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, āsavā saṃvarā pahātabbā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 6.58) nayena chadhā āgatā. Sabbāsavapariyāye teyeva dassanapahātabbehi dhammehi saddhiṃ sattadhā āgatā. Idha pana abhidhammapariyāyena cattāro āsavā adhippetāti veditabbā.
Khayāyāti ettha pana ‘‘yo āsavānaṃ khayo vayo bhedo paribhedo aniccatā antaradhāna’’nti āsavānaṃ sarasabhedo āsavānaṃ khayoti vutto. ‘‘Jānato ahaṃ, bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.15) ettha āsavānaṃ khīṇākāro natthibhāvo accantaṃ asamuppādo āsavakkhayoti vutto.
‘‘Sekhassa sikkhamānassa, ujumaggānusārino;
Khayasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tato aññā anantarā’’ti. (itivu. 62) –
Ettha ariyamaggo āsavakkhayoti vutto. ‘‘Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.438) ettha phalaṃ.
‘‘Paravajjānupassissa, niccaṃ ujjhānasaññino;
Āsavā tassa vaḍḍhanti, ārā so āsavakkhayā’’ti. (dha. pa. 253) –
Ettha nibbānaṃ. Idha pana phalaṃ sandhāya ‘‘āsavānaṃ khayāyā’’ti vuttaṃ, arahattaphalatthāyāti attho.
Saṃvejanīyesu ṭhānesūti saṃvegajanakesu jātiādīsu saṃvegavatthūsu. Jāti, jarā, byādhi, maraṇaṃ, apāyadukkhaṃ, atīte vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, anāgate vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ , paccuppanne āhārapariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ dukkhanti imāni hi saṃvegavatthūni saṃvejanīyaṭṭhānāni nāma. Apica ‘‘āditto lokasannivāso uyyutto payāto kummaggappaṭipanno, upanīyati loko addhuvo, atāṇo loko anabhissaro, assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ, ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’’tievamādīni (paṭi. ma. 1.117) cettha saṃvejanīyaṭṭhānānīti veditabbāni. Saṃvejanenāti jātiādisaṃvegavatthūni paṭicca uppannabhayasaṅkhātena saṃvejanena. Atthato pana sahottappañāṇaṃ saṃvego nāma.
Saṃviggassāti gabbhokkantikādivasena anekavidhehi jātiādidukkhehi saṃvegajātassa. ‘‘Saṃvejitvā’’ti ca paṭhanti. Yoniso padhānenāti upāyapadhānena, sammāvāyāmenāti attho. So hi yathā akusalā dhammā pahīyanti, kusalā dhammā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti, evaṃ padahanato uttamabhāvasādhanato ca ‘‘padhāna’’nti vuccati. Tattha saṃvegena bhavādīsu kiñci tāṇaṃ leṇaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ apassanto tattha anolīyanto alaggamānaso tappaṭipakkhena ca vinivattitavisaññito aññadatthu nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro. So kalyāṇamittasannissayena yonisomanasikārabahulo visuddhāsayappayogo samathavipassanāsu yuttappayutto sabbasmimpi saṅkhāragate nibbindati virajjati, vipassanaṃ ussukkāpeti. Tattha yadidaṃ yonisomanasikārabahulo visuddhāsayappayogo samathavipassanāsu yuttappayutto, tenassa diṭṭheva dhamme sukhasomanassabahulatā veditabbā. Yaṃ panāyaṃ samathe patiṭṭhito vipassanāya yuttappayutto sabbasmimpi saṅkhāragate nibbindati virajjati, vipassanaṃ ussukkāpeti, tenassa yoni āraddhā āsavānaṃ khayāyāti veditabbaṃ.
Gāthāsu saṃvijjethevāti saṃvijjeyya eva saṃvegaṃ kareyya eva. ‘‘Saṃvijjitvānā’’ti ca paṭhanti. Vuttanayena saṃviggo hutvāti attho. Paṇḍitoti sappañño, tihetukapaṭisandhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Paññāya samavekkhiyāti saṃvegavatthūni saṃvijjanavasena paññāya sammā avekkhiya. Atha vā paññāya sammā avekkhitvāti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthameva.
Dasamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Iti paramatthadīpaniyā itivuttaka-aṭṭhakathāya
Dukanipāte paṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Dutiyavaggo
1. Vitakkasuttavaṇṇanā
38. Dutiyavaggassa paṭhame tathāgataṃ, bhikkhaveti ettha tathāgata-saddo tāva sattavohārasammāsambuddhādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.65) sattavohāre.
‘‘Tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ,
Buddhaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti. (khu. pā. 6.16) –
Ādīsu sammāsambuddhe.
‘‘Tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ,
Dhammaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti. (khu. pā. 6.17) –
Ādīsu dhamme.
‘‘Tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ,
Saṅghaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti. (khu. pā. 6.18) –
Ādīsu saṅghe. Idha pana sammāsambuddhe. Tasmā tathāgatanti ettha aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgatoti vuccati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Tathā āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathavāditāya tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti.
Kathaṃ bhagavā tathā āgatoti tathāgato? Yathā yena abhinīhārena dānapāramiṃ pūretvā sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā imā dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā aṅgapariccāgaṃ, attapariccāgaṃ, dhanapariccāgaṃ, dārapariccāgaṃ, rajjapariccāganti imāni pañca mahāpariccāgāni pariccajitvā yathā vipassiādayo sammāsambuddhā āgatā , tathā amhākaṃ bhagavāpi āgatoti tathāgato. Yathāha –
‘‘Yatheva lokamhi vipassiādayo,
Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā;
Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato,
Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā’’ti. –
Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yathā sampatijātāva vipassiādayo samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukhā sattapadavītihārena gatā, tathā amhākaṃ bhagavāpi gatoti tathāgato. Yathāhu –
‘‘Muhuttajātova gavaṃpatī yathā,
Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ;
So vikkamī satta padāni gotamo,
Setañca chattaṃ anudhārayuṃ marū.
‘‘Gantvāna so satta padāni gotamo,
Disā vilokesi samā samantato;
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giramabbhudīrayi,
Sīho yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito’’ti. –
Evaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato? Sabbesaṃ rūpārūpadhammānaṃ salakkhaṇaṃ, sāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ, tathaṃ, avitathaṃ, ñāṇagatiyā āgato, avirajjhitvā patto, anubuddhoti tathāgato. Yathāha –
‘‘Sabbesaṃ pana dhammānaṃ, sakasāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ;
Tathamevāgato yasmā, tasmā nātho tathāgato’’ti. –
Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato? Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni. Yathāha ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? Idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccanti , bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathameta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090) vitthāro. Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmāpi tathānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato. Abhisambuddhattho hi ettha gata-saddo. Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato? Yaṃ sadevake loke…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ bhagavā sabbākārato jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā passatā cānena taṃ iṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānapadavasena vā ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ, yaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītaka’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa nayo sotadvārādīsu āpāthamāgacchantesu saddādīsu. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi…pe… tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī’’ti (a. ni. 4.24).
Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato. Ettha tathadassiatthe tathāgatoti padassa sambhavo veditabbo.
Kathaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato? Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇakāle yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ suttageyyādi, sabbaṃ taṃ parisuddhaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ rāgamadādinimmadanaṃ ekasadisaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Tenāha –
‘‘Yañca, cunda, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti, no aññathā. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188; a. ni. 4.23).
Gadaattho hi ettha gatasaddo. Evaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato. Apica āgadanaṃ āgado, vacananti attho. Tatho aviparīto āgado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti, evampettha padasiddhi veditabbā.
Kathaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato? Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi, kāyassapi vācā. Tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃbhūtassa cassa yathā vācā, kāyopi tathā gato pavatto. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatāti tathāgato. Tenāha ‘‘yathāvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti. Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato.
Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato? Yasmā bhagavā upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ karitvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi vimuttiñāṇadassanenapi, na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi, atha kho atulo appameyyo anuttaro devānaṃ atidevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā sabbasattuttamo, tasmā tathāgato. Tenāha –
‘‘Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… manussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthu daso vasavattī, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188; a. ni. 4.23).
Tatrāyaṃ padasiddhi – agado viya agado, desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca. Tena hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko viya dibbāgadena sappe, sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti sabbalokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto yathāvutto agado etassāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo. Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato.
Apica tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathaṃ gatoti tathāgato. Tattha sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato, lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato, lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato adhigatoti tathāgato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Loko, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho. Lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa…pe… sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).
Aparehipi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato. Tathāya āgatoti tathāgato, tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathāni āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathāvidhoti tathāgato, tathāpavattikoti tathāgato, tathehi āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatabhāvena tathāgatoti.
Kathaṃ tathāya āgatoti tathāgato? Yā sā bhagavatā sumedhabhūtena dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūle –
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –
Evaṃ vuttaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ abhinīhāraṃ sampādentena ‘‘ahaṃ sadevakaṃ lokaṃ tiṇṇo tāressāmi, mutto mocessāmi, danto damessāmi, assattho assāsessāmi, parinibbuto parinibbāpessāmi , suddho sodhessāmi , buddho bodhessāmī’’ti mahāpaṭiññā pavattitā. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –
‘‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.
‘‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame;
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave;
Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.
‘‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha;
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 55-58);
Taṃ panetaṃ mahāpaṭiññaṃ sakalassapi buddhakaradhammasamudāyassa pavicayapaccavekkhaṇasamādānānaṃ kāraṇabhūtaṃ avisaṃvādento lokanātho yasmā mahākappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesato dānapāramiādayo samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā, aṅgapariccāgādayo pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā, saccādhiṭṭhānādīni cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni paribrūhetvā, puññañāṇasambhāre sambharitvā pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo ukkaṃsāpetvā, buddhicariyaṃ paramakoṭiṃ pāpetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi; tasmā tasseva sā mahāpaṭiññā tathā avitathā anaññathā, na tassa vālaggamattampi vitathaṃ atthi. Tathā hi dīpaṅkaro dasabalo koṇḍañño, maṅgalo…pe… kassapo bhagavāti ime catuvīsati sammāsambuddhā paṭipāṭiyā uppannā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti naṃ byākariṃsu. Evaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇo ye te katābhinīhārehi bodhisattehi laddhabbā ānisaṃsā, te labhitvāva āgatoti tāya yathāvuttāya mahāpaṭiññāya tathāya abhisambuddhabhāvaṃ āgato adhigatoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāya āgatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathāya gatoti tathāgato? Yāyaṃ mahākaruṇā lokanāthassa, yāya mahādukkhasambādhappaṭipannaṃ sattanikāyaṃ disvā ‘‘tassa natthañño koci paṭisaraṇaṃ, ahameva naṃ ito saṃsāradukkhato mutto mocessāmī’’ti samussāhitamānaso mahābhinīhāraṃ akāsi. Katvā ca yathāpaṇidhānaṃ sakalalokahitasampādanāya ussukkamāpanno attano kāyajīvitanirapekkho paresaṃ sotapathagamanamattenapi cittutrāsasamuppādikā atidukkarā dukkaracariyā samācaranto yathā mahābodhisattānaṃ paṭipatti hānabhāgiyā saṃkilesabhāgiyā ṭhitibhāgiyā vā na hoti, atha kho uttari visesabhāgiyāva hoti, tathā paṭipajjamāno anupubbena niravasese bodhisambhāre samānetvā abhisambodhiṃ pāpuṇi. Tato parañca tāyeva mahākaruṇāya sañcoditamānaso pavivekaratiṃ paramañca santaṃ vimokkhasukhaṃ pahāya bālajanabahule loke tehi samuppāditaṃ sammānāvamānavippakāraṃ agaṇetvā veneyyajanavinayanena niravasesaṃ buddhakiccaṃ niṭṭhapesi. Tatra yo bhagavato sattesu mahākaruṇāya samokkamanākāro, so parato āvi bhavissati. Yathā buddhabhūtassa lokanāthassa sattesu mahākaruṇā, evaṃ bodhisattabhūtassapi mahābhinīhārakālādīsūti sabbattha sabbadā ca ekasadisatāya tathāva sā avitathā anaññathā. Tasmā tīsupi avatthāsu sabbasattesu samānarasāya tathāya mahākaruṇāya sakalalokahitāya gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāya gatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathāni āgatoti tathāgato? Tathāni nāma cattāri ariyamaggañāṇāni. Tāni hi ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, ayaṃ dukkhanirodho, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti evaṃ sabbañeyyasaṅgāhakānaṃ pavattinivattitadubhayahetubhūtānaṃ catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ, dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho, samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhaṭṭho, nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho, maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetvaṭṭho dassanaṭṭho adhipateyyaṭṭhotiādīnaṃ tabbibhāgānañca yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodhavibandhakassa saṃkilesapakkhassa samucchindanena paṭiladdhāya tattha asammohābhisamayasaṅkhātāya aviparītākārappavattiyā dhammānaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tāni bhagavā anaññaneyyo sayameva āgato adhigato, tasmā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Yathā ca maggañāṇāni, evaṃ bhagavato tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇāni catupaṭisambhidāñāṇāni catuvesārajjañāṇāni pañcagatiparicchedañāṇāni chaasādhāraṇañāṇāni sattabojjhaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni aṭṭhamaggaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni navānupubbavihārasamāpattiñāṇāni dasabalañāṇāni ca vibhāvetabbāni.
Tatrāyaṃ vibhāvanā – yañhi kiñci aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ hīnādibhedabhinnānaṃ hīnādibhedabhinnāsu atītāsu khandhāyatanadhātūsu sabhāvakiccādi avatthāvisesādi khandhapaṭibaddhanāmagottādi ca jānitabbaṃ. Anindriyabaddhesu ca atisukhumatirohitavidūradesesu rūpadhammesu yo taṃtaṃpaccayavisesehi saddhiṃ paccayuppannānaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandharasaphassādiviseso, tattha sabbattheva hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalako viya paccakkhato asaṅgamappaṭihataṃ bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tathā anāgatāsu paccuppannāsu cāti imāni tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇāni nāma. Yathāha –
‘‘Atītaṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.5).
Tāni panetāni tattha tattha dhammānaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tāni bhagavā sayambhuñāṇena adhigañchi. Evaṃ tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā atthapaṭisambhidā, dhammapaṭisambhidā, niruttipaṭisambhidā, paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā. Tattha atthapabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ atthe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Dhammapabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ dhamme pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Niruttipabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ niruttābhilāpe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā. Paṭibhānapabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ paṭibhāne pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Atthe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dhamme ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā, ñāṇesu ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718).
Ettha ca hetuanusārena araṇīyato adhigantabbato ca saṅkhepato hetuphalaṃ attho nāma. Pabhedato pana yaṃkiñci paccayuppannaṃ, nibbānaṃ, bhāsitattho, vipāko, kiriyāti ime pañca dhammā attho. Taṃ atthaṃ paccavekkhantassa tasmiṃ atthe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Dhammoti saṅkhepato paccayo. So hi yasmā taṃ taṃ atthaṃ vidahati pavatteti ceva pāpeti ca, tasmā dhammoti vuccati. Pabhedato pana yo koci phalanibbattako hetu, ariyamaggo, bhāsitaṃ, kusalaṃ, akusalanti ime pañca dhammā dhammo, taṃ dhammaṃ paccavekkhantassa tasmiṃ dhamme pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘Dukkhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 719).
Atha vā hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Ye dhammā jātā bhūtā sañjātā nibbattā abhinibbattā pātubhūtā, imesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Yamhā dhammā te dhammā jātā bhūtā sañjātā nibbattā abhinibbattā pātubhūtā, tesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Jarāmaraṇe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, jarāmaraṇasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Jarāmaraṇanirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Jātiyā, bhave, upādāne, taṇhāya, vedanāya, phasse, saḷāyatane, nāmarūpe, viññāṇe, saṅkhāresu ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, saṅkhārasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Saṅkhāranirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā , saṅkhāranirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā.
‘‘Idha bhikkhu dhammaṃ jānāti – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati dhammapaṭisambhidā. So tassa tasseva bhāsitassa atthaṃ jānāti – ‘ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho, ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho’ti, ayaṃ vuccati atthapaṭisambhidā (vibha. 724).
‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… dhammārammaṇaṃ vā yaṃ yaṃ vā panārabbha, tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti…pe… avikkhepo hoti. Ime dhammā kusalā. Imesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, tesaṃ vipāke ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’tiādi vitthāro (vibha. 725).
Tasmiṃ atthe ca dhamme ca sabhāvanirutti abyabhicāravohāro abhilāpo, tasmiṃ sabhāvaniruttābhilāpe māgadhikāya sabbasattānaṃ mūlabhāsāya ‘‘ayaṃ sabhāvanirutti, ayaṃ na sabhāvaniruttī’’ti pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā. Yathāvuttesu tesu ñāṇesu gocarakiccādivasena vitthārato pavattaṃ sabbampi ñāṇamārammaṇaṃ katvā paccavekkhantassa tasmiṃ ñāṇe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Iti imāni cattāri paṭisambhidāñāṇāni sayameva bhagavatā adhigatāni atthadhammādike tasmiṃ tasmiṃ attano visaye avisaṃvādanavasena aviparītākārappavattiyā tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā yaṃ kiñci ñeyyaṃ nāma, sabbaṃ taṃ bhagavatā sabbākārena ñātaṃ diṭṭhaṃ adhigataṃ abhisambuddhaṃ. Tathā hissa abhiññeyyā dhammā abhiññeyyato buddhā, pariññeyyā dhammā pariññeyyato buddhā, pahātabbā dhammā pahātabbato buddhā, sacchikātabbā dhammā sacchikātabbato buddhā, bhāvetabbā dhammā bhāvetabbato buddhā, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā ‘‘ime nāma te dhammā anabhisambuddhā’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi.
Yaṃ kiñci pahātabbaṃ nāma, sabbaṃ taṃ bhagavatā anavasesato bodhimūleyeva pahīnaṃ anuppattidhammaṃ, na tassa pahānāya uttari karaṇīyaṃ atthi . Tathā hissa lobhadosamohaviparītamanasikāraahirikānottappathinamiddha- kodhūpanāhamakkhapalāsaissāmacchariya- māyāsāṭheyyathambhasārambhamānātimānamadapamādatividhākusalamūladuccarita- visamasaññāmalavitakkapapañcaesanātaṇhācatubbidhavipariyesaāsava- ganthaoghayogāgatitaṇhupādānapañcābhinandananīvaraṇa- cetokhilacetasovinibandhachavivādamūlasattānusaya- aṭṭhamicchattanavaāghātavatthutaṇhāmūlakadasaakusala- kammapathaekavīsatianesanadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigataaṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritādippabhedaṃ diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ saha vāsanāya pahīnaṃ samucchinnaṃ samūhataṃ, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā…pe… brahmā vā ‘‘ime nāma te kilesā appahīnā’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi.
Ye cime bhagavatā kammavipākakilesūpavādaāṇāvītikkamappabhedā antarāyikā dhammā vuttā, alameva te ekantena antarāyāya, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā…pe… brahmā vā ‘‘nālaṃ te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi.
Yo ca bhagavatā niravasesavaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇāya sīlasamādhipaññāsaṅgaho sattakoṭṭhāsiko sattatiṃsappabhedo ariyamaggapubbaṅgamo anuttaro niyyānadhammo desito, so ekanteneva niyyāti paṭipannassa vaṭṭadukkhato, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā…pe… brahmā vā ‘‘niyyānadhammo tayā desito na niyyātī’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.150) vitthāro. Evametāni attano ñāṇappahānadesanāvisesānaṃ avitathabhāvāvabodhanato aviparītākārappavattāni bhagavato catuvesārajjañāṇāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā nirayagati, tiracchānagati, petagati, manussagati, devagatīti pañca gatiyo. Tāsu sañjīvādayo aṭṭha mahānirayā , kukkuḷādayo soḷasa ussadanirayā, lokantarikanirayo cāti sabbepime ekantadukkhatāya nirassādaṭṭhena nirayā ca, sakakammunā gantabbato gati cāti nirayagati. Tibbandhakārasītanarakāpi etesveva antogadhā kimikīṭapaṭaṅgasarīsapapakkhisoṇasiṅgālādayo tiriyaṃ añchitabhāvena tiracchānā nāma. Te eva gatīti tiracchānagati. Khuppipāsitaparadattūpajīvinijjhāmataṇhikādayo dukkhabahulatāya pakaṭṭhasukhato itā vigatāti petā, te eva gatīti petagati. Kālakañcikādiasurāpi etesveva antogadhā. Parittadīpavāsīhi saddhiṃ jambudīpādicatumahādīpavāsino manaso ussannatāya manussā, te eva gatīti manussagati. Cātumahārājikato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagāti ime chabbīsati devanikāyā dibbanti attano iddhānubhāvena kīḷanti jotenti cāti devā, te eva gatīti devagati.
Tā panetā gatiyo yasmā taṃtaṃkammanibbatto upapattibhavaviseso, tasmā atthato vipākakkhandhā kaṭattā ca rūpaṃ. Tattha ‘‘ayaṃ nāma gati nāma iminā kammunā jāyati, tassa kammassa paccayavisesehi evaṃ vibhāgabhinnattā visuṃ ete sattanikāyā evaṃ vibhāgabhinnā’’ti yathāsakaṃhetuphalavibhāgaparicchindanavasena ṭhānaso hetuso bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘Pañca kho imā, sāriputta, gatiyo. Katamā pañca? Nirayo, tiracchānayoni, pettivisayo, manussā, devā. Nirayañcāhaṃ, sāriputta, pajānāmi, nirayagāmiñca maggaṃ, nirayagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ; yathā paṭipanno ca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, tañca pajānāmī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.153).
Tāni panetāni bhagavato ñāṇāni tasmiṃ tasmiṃ visaye aviparītākārappavattiyā avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā yaṃ sattānaṃ saddhādiyogavikalabhāvāvabodhena apparajakkhamahārajakkhatādivisesavibhāvanaṃ paññāsāya ākārehi pavattaṃ bhagavato indriyaparopariyattañāṇaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘saddho puggalo apparajakkho, assaddho puggalo mahārajakkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.111) vitthāro.
Yañca ‘‘ayaṃ puggalo apparajakkho, ayaṃ sassatadiṭṭhiko, ayaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiko, ayaṃ anulomikāyaṃ khantiyaṃ ṭhito, ayaṃ yathābhūtañāṇe ṭhito, ayaṃ kāmāsayo, na nekkhammādiāsayo, ayaṃ nekkhammāsayo, na kāmādiāsayo’’tiādinā ‘‘imassa kāmarāgo ativiya thāmagato, na paṭighādiko, imassa paṭigho ativiya thāmagato, na kāmarāgādiko’’tiādinā ‘‘imassa puññābhisaṅkhāro adhiko, na apuññābhisaṅkhāro na āneñjābhisaṅkhāro, imassa apuññābhisaṅkhāro adhiko, na puññābhisaṅkhāro na āneñjābhisaṅkhāro, imassa āneñjābhisaṅkhāro adhiko, na puññābhisaṅkhāro na apuññābhisaṅkhāro. Imassa kāyasucaritaṃ adhikaṃ, imassa vacīsucaritaṃ, imassa manosucaritaṃ. Ayaṃ hīnādhimuttiko, ayaṃ paṇītādhimuttiko, ayaṃ kammāvaraṇena samannāgato, ayaṃ kilesāvaraṇena samannāgato, ayaṃ vipākāvaraṇena samannāgato, ayaṃ na kammāvaraṇena samannāgato, na kilesāvaraṇena, na vipākāvaraṇena samannāgato’’tiādinā ca sattānaṃ āsayādīnaṃ yathābhūtaṃ vibhāvanākārappavattaṃ bhagavato āsayānusayañāṇaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Idha tathāgato sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, bhabbābhabbe satte jānātī’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.113).
Yañca uparimaheṭṭhimapuratthimapacchimakāyehi dakkhiṇavāmaakkhikaṇṇasotanāsikāsotaaṃsakūṭapassahatthapādehi aṅgulaṅgulantarehi lomalomakūpehi ca aggikkhandhūdakadhārāpavattanaṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ vividhavikubbaniddhinimmāpanakaṃ bhagavato yamakapāṭihāriyañāṇaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Idha tathāgato yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ karoti asādhāraṇaṃ sāvakehi. Uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati. Heṭṭhimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, uparimakāyato udakadhārā pavattatī’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.116).
Yañca rāgādīhi jātiādīhi ca anekehi dukkhadhammehi upaddutaṃ sattanikāyaṃ tato nīharitukāmatāvasena nānānayehi pavattassa bhagavato mahākaruṇokkamanassa paccayabhūtaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇaṃ. Yathāha –
‘‘Katamaṃ tathāgatassa mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇaṃ? Bahukehi ākārehi passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati, āditto lokasannivāsoti passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamatī’’ti. –
Ādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.117) ekūnanavutiyā ākārehi vibhajanaṃ kataṃ.
Yaṃ pana yāvatā dhammadhātu, yattakaṃ ñātabbaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhatādi, tassa sabbassa paropadesena vinā sabbākārato paṭijānanasamatthaṃ ākaṅkhāmattappaṭibaddhavutti anaññasādhāraṇaṃ bhagavato ñāṇaṃ sabbathā anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutisaccāvabodhato sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tatthāvaraṇābhāvatova nissaṅgappavattiṃ upādāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti ca vuccati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana parato āvi bhavissati.
Evametāni bhagavato cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni aviparītākārappavattiyā yathāsakaṃvisayassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā ‘‘sattime, bhikkhave, bojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.17; saṃ. ni. 5.185) evaṃ sarūpato yāyaṃ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe uppajjamānā līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhattakilamathānuyogaucchedasassatābhinivesādīnaṃ anekesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtā satiādibhedā dhammasāmaggī, yāya ariyasāvako bujjhati, kilesaniddāya uṭṭhahati, cattāri vā saccāni paṭivijjhati, nibbānameva vā sacchikaroti, sā dhammasāmaggī ‘‘bodhī’’ti vuccati, tassā bodhiyā aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā. Ariyasāvako vā yathāvuttāya dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhatīti katvā ‘‘bodhī’’ti vuccati. Tassa bodhissa aṅgāti bojjhaṅgāti evaṃ sāmaññalakkhaṇato, upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇo satisambojjhaṅgo, pavicayalakkhaṇo dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, paggahalakkhaṇo vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pharaṇalakkhaṇo pītisambojjhaṅgo, upasamalakkhaṇo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, avikkhepalakkhaṇo samādhisambojjhaṅgo paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgoti evaṃ visesalakkhaṇato.
‘‘Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Idha bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā hoti anussaritā’’tiādinā (vibha. 467) sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ aññamaññūpakāravasena ekakkhaṇe pavattidassanato. ‘‘Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Atthi ajjhattaṃ dhammesu sati, atthi bahiddhā dhammesu satī’’tiādinā (vibha. 469) tesaṃ visayavibhāvanāpavattidassanato. ‘‘Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ, virāganissitaṃ, nirodhanissitaṃ, vosaggapariṇāmi’’ntiādinā (vibha. 471) bhāvanāvidhidassanato. ‘‘Tattha katame satta bojjhaṅgā? Idha bhikkhu yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti…pe… tasmiṃ samaye satta bojjhaṅgā honti, satisambojjhaṅgo…pe… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Yā sati anussatī’’tiādinā (vibha. 478) chanavutiyā nayasahassavibhāgehīti evaṃ nānākārato pavattāni bhagavato bojjhaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni tassa tassa atthassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā ‘‘tattha katamaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti (vibha. 205) evaṃ sarūpato. Sabbakilesehi ārakattā ariyabhāvakarattā ariyaphalapaṭilābhakarattā ca ariyo. Ariyānaṃ aṭṭhavidhattā nibbānādhigamāya ekantakāraṇattā ca aṭṭhaṅgiko. Kilese mārento gacchati, atthikehi maggīyati, sayaṃ vā nibbānaṃ maggayatīti maggoti evaṃ sāmaññalakkhaṇato. ‘‘Sammādassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi, sammāabhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo , sammāpariggahaṇalakkhaṇā sammāvācā , sammāsamuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto, sammāvodānalakkhaṇo sammāājīvo, sammāpaggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo, sammāupaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati , sammāavikkhepalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhī’’ti evaṃ visesalakkhaṇato. Sammādiṭṭhi tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati, nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanena asammohato sampayuttadhamme ca passati, tathā sammāsaṅkappādayopi micchāsaṅkappādīni pajahanti, nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti, sahajātadhammānaṃ sammāabhiniropanapariggahaṇasamuṭṭhāpanavodānapaggahaupaṭṭhānasamādahanāni ca karontīti evaṃ kiccavibhāgato. Sammādiṭṭhi pubbabhāge nānakkhaṇā visuṃ dukkhādiārammaṇā hutvā maggakāle ekakkhaṇā nibbānameva ārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccato ‘‘dukkhe ñāṇa’’ntiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānakkhaṇā nānārammaṇā, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā, tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato ‘‘nekkhammasaṅkappo’’tiādīni tīṇi nāmāni labhati. Sammāvācādayo tayo pubbabhāge ‘‘musāvādā veramaṇī’’tiādivibhāgā viratiyopi cetanāyopi hutvā maggakkhaṇe viratiyova, sammāvāyāmasatiyo kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhanti. Sammāsamādhi pana maggakkhaṇepi paṭhamajjhānādivasena nānā evāti evaṃ pubbabhāgāparabhāgesu pavattivibhāgato. ‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissita’’ntiādinā (vibha. 489) bhāvanāvidhito. ‘‘Tattha katamo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo? Idha, bhikkhu, yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti…pe… dukkhapaṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo hoti – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo’’tiādinā (vibha. 499) caturāsītiyā nayasahassavibhāgehīti evaṃ anekākārato pavattāni bhagavato ariyamaggavibhāvanañāṇāni atthassa avisaṃvādanato sabbānipi tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Tathā paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyā ca nirodhasamāpattīti etāsu anupaṭipāṭiyā viharitabbaṭṭhena samāpajjitabbaṭṭhena ca anupubbavihārasamāpattīsu sampādanapaccavekkhaṇādivasena yathārahaṃ sampayogavasena ca pavattāni bhagavato ñāṇāni tadatthasiddhiyā tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato. Tathā ‘‘idaṃ imassa ṭhānaṃ , idaṃ aṭṭhāna’’nti aviparītaṃ tassa tassa phalassa kāraṇākāraṇajānanaṃ, tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ atītādibhedabhinnassa kammasamādānassa anavasesato yathābhūtaṃ vipākantarajānanaṃ, āyūhanakkhaṇeyeva tassa tassa sattassa ‘‘ayaṃ nirayagāminī paṭipadā…pe… ayaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yāthāvato sāsavānāsavakammavibhāgajānanaṃ, khandhāyatanānaṃ upādinnānupādinnādianekasabhāvaṃ nānāsabhāvañca tassa lokassa ‘‘imāya nāma dhātuyā ussannattā imasmiṃ dhammappabandhe ayaṃ viseso jāyatī’’tiādinā nayena yathābhūtaṃ dhātunānattajānanaṃ, saddhādiindriyānaṃ tikkhamudutājānanaṃ saṃkilesādīhi saddhiṃ jhānavimokkhādijānanaṃ, sattānaṃ aparimāṇāsu jātīsu tappaṭibandhena saddhiṃ anavasesato pubbenivutthakkhandhasantatijānanaṃ hīnādivibhāgehi saddhiṃ cutipaṭisandhijānanaṃ, ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva catusaccajānananti imāni bhagavato dasabalañāṇāni avirajjhitvā yathāsakaṃvisayāvagāhanato yathādhippetatthasādhanato ca yathābhūtavuttiyā tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Idha tathāgato ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’tiādi (vibha. 809; a. ni. 10.21).
Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Yathā cetesampi ñāṇānaṃ vasena, evaṃ yathāvuttānaṃ satipaṭṭhānasammappadhānādivibhāvanañāṇādianantāparimeyyabhedānaṃ anaññasādhāraṇānaṃ paññāvisesānaṃ vasena bhagavā tathāni ñāṇāni āgato adhigatoti tathāgato, evampi tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yā tā bhagavato abhijātiabhisambodhidhammavinayapaññāpanaanupādisesanibbānadhātuyo, tā tathā. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yadatthaṃ tā lokanāthena abhipatthitā pavattitā ca, tadatthassa ekantasiddhiyā avisaṃvādanato aviparītatthavuttiyā tathā avitathā anaññathā. Tathā hi ayaṃ bhagavā bodhisattabhūto samatiṃsapāramiparipūraṇādikaṃ vuttappakāraṃ sabbabuddhattahetuṃ sampādetvā tusitapure ṭhito buddhakolāhalaṃ sutvā dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatāhi ekato sannipatitāhi upasaṅkamitvā –
‘‘Kālo kho te mahāvīra, uppajja mātukucchiyaṃ;
Sadevakaṃ tārayanto, bujjhassu amataṃ pada’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 1.67) –
Āyācito uppannapubbanimitto pañca mahāvilokanāni viloketvā ‘‘idāni ahaṃ manussayoniyaṃ uppajjitvā abhisambujjhissāmī’’ti āsāḷhipuṇṇamāyaṃ sakyarājakule mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasa māse devamanussehi mahatā parihārena parihariyamāno visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ paccūsasamaye abhijātiṃ pāpuṇi.
Abhijātikkhaṇe panassa paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇe viya dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ, ayaṃ dasasahassilokadhātu saṃkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu aparimāṇo obhāso phari, tassa, taṃ siriṃ daṭṭhukāmā viya andhā cakkhūni paṭilabhiṃsu, badhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, mūgā samālapiṃsu, khujjā ujugattā ahesuṃ, paṅgulā padasā gamanaṃ paṭilabhiṃsu, bandhanagatā sabbasattā andubandhanādīhi mucciṃsu, sabbanarakesu aggi nibbāyi, pettivisaye khuppipāsā vūpasami, tiracchānānaṃ bhayaṃ nāhosi, sabbasattānaṃ rogo vūpasami, sabbasattā piyaṃvadā ahesuṃ, madhurenākārena assā hasiṃsu, vāraṇā gajjiṃsu, sabbatūriyāni sakasakaninnādaṃ muñciṃsu, aghaṭṭitāni eva manussānaṃ hatthūpagādīni ābharaṇāni madhurenākārena saddaṃ muñciṃsu, sabbadisā vippasannā ahesuṃ, sattānaṃ sukhaṃ uppādayamāno mudusītalavāto vāyi, akālamegho vassi, pathavitopi udakaṃ ubbhijjitvā vissandi, pakkhino ākāsagamanaṃ vijahiṃsu, nadiyo asandamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, mahāsamudde madhuraṃ udakaṃ ahosi, upakkilesavinimutte sūriye dippamāne eva ākāsagatā sabbā jotiyo jotiṃsu, ṭhapetvā arūpāvacare deve avasesā sabbe devā sabbe ca nerayikā dissamānarūpā ahesuṃ, tarukuṭṭakavāṭaselādayo anāvaraṇabhūtā ahesuṃ, sattānaṃ cutūpapātā nāhesuṃ, sabbaṃ aniṭṭhagandhaṃ abhibhavitvā dibbagandho pavāyi, sabbe phalūpagā rukkhā phaladharā sampajjiṃsu, mahāsamuddo sabbatthakameva pañcavaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannatalo ahosi, thalajajalajādīni sabbapupphāni pupphiṃsu, rukkhānaṃ khandhesu khandhapadumāni, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni, pupphiṃsu, mahītalasilātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satta satta hutvā daṇḍapadumāni nāma nikkhamiṃsu, ākāse olambakapadumāni nibbattiṃsu, samantato pupphavassaṃ vassi ākāse dibbatūriyāni vajjiṃsu, sakaladasasahassilokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷaṃ viya, uppīḷetvā pavattamālākalāpo viya, alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ mālāsanaṃ viya ca ekamālāmālinī vipphurantavāḷabījanī pupphadhūpagandhaparivāsitā paramasobhaggappattā ahosi, tāni ca pubbanimittāni upari adhigatānaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ nimittabhūtāni eva ahesuṃ. Evaṃ anekacchariyapātubhāvā ayaṃ abhijāti yadatthaṃ tena abhipatthitā, tassā abhisambodhiyā ekantasiddhiyā tathāva ahosi avitathā anaññathā.
Tathā ye buddhaveneyyā bodhaneyyabandhavā, te sabbepi anavasesato sayameva bhagavatā vinītā. Ye ca sāvakaveneyyā dhammaveneyyā ca, tepi sāvakādīhi vinītā vinayaṃ gacchanti gamissanti cāti yadatthaṃ bhagavatā abhisambodhi abhipatthitā, tadatthassa ekantasiddhiyā abhisambodhi tathā avitathā anaññathā.
Apica yassa yassa ñeyyadhammassa yo yo sabhāvo bujjhitabbo, so so hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalakaṃ viya āvajjanamattapaṭibaddhena attano ñāṇena aviparītaṃ anavasesato bhagavatā abhisambuddhoti evampi abhisambodhi tathā avitathā anaññathā.
Tathā tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ tathā tathā desetabbappakāraṃ, tesaṃ tesañca sattānaṃ āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiṃ sammadeva oloketvā dhammataṃ avijahanteneva paññattinayaṃ vohāramattaṃ anatidhāvanteneva ca dhammataṃ vibhāventena yathāparādhaṃ yathājjhāsayaṃ yathādhammañca anusāsantena bhagavatā veneyyā vinītā ariyabhūmiṃ sampāpitāti dhammavinayapaññāpanāpissa tadatthasiddhiyā yathābhūtavuttiyā ca tathā avitathā anaññathā.
Tathā yā sā bhagavatā anuppattā pathaviyādiphassavedanādirūpārūpasabhāvanimuttā lujjanapalujjanabhāvābhāvato lokasabhāvātītā tamasā visaṃsaṭṭhattā kenaci anobhāsanīyā lokasabhāvābhāvato eva gatiādibhāvarahitā appatiṭṭhā anārammaṇā amatamahānibbānadhātu khandhasaṅkhātānaṃ upādīnaṃ lesamattassāpi abhāvato ‘‘anupādisesā’’tipi vuccati. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī na āpo na tejo na vāyo na ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ na viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ na ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nāyaṃ loko na paro loko na ca ubho candimasūriyā. Tamahaṃ, bhikkhave, neva āgatiṃ vadāmi na gatiṃ na ṭhitiṃ na cutiṃ na upapattiṃ; appatiṭṭhaṃ appavattaṃ anārammaṇamevetaṃ esevanto dukkhassā’’ti (udā. 71).
Sā sabbesampi upādānakkhandhānaṃ atthaṅgamo sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ samatho, sabbūpadhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo, sabbadukkhānaṃ vūpasamo, sabbālayānaṃ samugghāto, sabbavaṭṭānaṃ upacchedo, accantasantilakkhaṇāti yathāvuttasabhāvassa kadācipi avisaṃvādanato tathā avitathā anaññathā . Evametā abhijātiādikā tathā gato upagato adhigato paṭipanno pattoti tathāgato. Evaṃ bhagavā tathā gatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathāvidhoti tathāgato? Yathāvidhā purimakā sammāsambuddhā, ayampi bhagavā tathāvidho. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathāvidhā te bhagavanto maggasīlena, phalasīlena, sabbenapi lokiyalokuttarasīlena, maggasamādhinā, phalasamādhinā, sabbenapi lokiyalokuttarasamādhinā, maggapaññāya, phalapaññāya, sabbāyapi lokiyalokuttarapaññāya, devasikaṃ vaḷañjitabbehi catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattivihārehi, tadaṅgavimuttiyā vikkhambhanavimuttiyā samucchedavimuttiyā paṭippassaddhivimuttiyā nissaraṇavimuttiyāti saṅkhepato, vitthārato pana anantāparimāṇabhedehi acinteyyānubhāvehi sakalasabbaññuguṇehi, ayampi amhākaṃ bhagavā tathāvidho. Sabbesañhi sammāsambuddhānaṃ āyuvemattaṃ, sarīrappamāṇavemattaṃ, kulavemattaṃ, dukkaracariyāvemattaṃ, rasmivemattanti imehi pañcahi vemattehi siyā vemattaṃ, na pana sīlavisuddhiādīsu visuddhīsu samathavipassanāpaṭipattiyaṃ attanā paṭividdhaguṇesu ca kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ atthi, atha kho majjhe bhinnasuvaṇṇaṃ viya aññaṃmaññaṃ nibbisesā te buddhā bhagavanto. Tasmā yathāvidhā purimakā sammāsambuddhā, ayampi bhagavā tathāvidho. Evaṃ tathāvidhoti tathāgato. Vidhattho cettha gatasaddo. Tathā hi lokiyā vidhayuttagatasadde pakāratthe vadanti.
Kathaṃ tathāpavattikoti tathāgato? Anaññasādhāraṇena iddhānubhāvena samannāgatattā atthapaṭisambhidādīnaṃ ukkaṃsapāramippattiyā anāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhena ca bhagavato kāyappavattiyādīnaṃ katthaci paṭighātābhāvato yathāruci tathā gataṃ gati gamanaṃ kāyavacīcittappavatti etassāti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāpavattikoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathehi agatoti tathāgato? Bodhisambhārasambharaṇe tappaṭipakkhappavattisaṅkhātaṃ natthi etassa gatanti agato. So panassa agatabhāvo maccheradānapāramiādīsu aviparītaṃ ādīnavānisaṃsapaccavekkhaṇādinayappavattehi ñāṇehīti tathehi ñāṇehi agatoti tathāgato.
Atha vā kilesābhisaṅkhārappavattisaṅkhātaṃ khandhappavattisaṅkhātameva vā pañcasupi gatīsu gataṃ gamanaṃ etassa natthīti agato. Saupādisesaanupādisesanibbānappattiyā svāyamassa agatabhāvo tathehi ariyamaggañāṇehīti evampi bhagavā tathehi āgatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ tathāgatabhāvena tathāgato? Tathāgatabhāvenāti ca tathāgatassa sabbhāvena, atthitāyāti attho. Ko panesa tathāgato, yassa atthitāya bhagavā tathāgatoti vuccatīti? Saddhammo. Saddhammo hi ariyamaggo tāva yathā yuganaddhasamathavipassanābalena anavasesakilesapakkhaṃ samūhanantena samucchedappahānavasena gantabbaṃ, tathā gato. Phaladhammo yathā attano maggānurūpaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānavasena gantabbaṃ, tathā gato pavatto. Nibbānadhammo pana yathā gato paññāya paṭividdho sakalavaṭṭadukkhavūpasamāya sampajjati, buddhādīhi tathā gato sacchikatoti tathāgato. Pariyattidhammopi yathā purimabuddhehi suttageyyādivasena pavattiādippakāsanavasena ca veneyyānaṃ āsayādianurūpaṃ pavattito, amhākampi bhagavatā tathā gato gadito pavattitoti vā tathāgato. Yathā bhagavatā desito, tathā bhagavato sāvakehi gato avagatoti tathāgato. Evaṃ sabbopi saddhammo tathāgato. Tenāha sakko devānamindo ‘‘tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ, dhammaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti (khu. pā. 6.17; su. ni. 240). Svāssa atthīti bhagavā tathāgato.
Yathā ca dhammo, evaṃ ariyasaṅghopi, yathā attahitāya parahitāya ca paṭipannehi suvisuddhaṃ pubbabhāgasamathavipassanāpaṭipadaṃ purakkhatvā tena tena maggena gantabbaṃ, taṃ taṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato. Yathā vā bhagavatā saccapaṭiccasamuppādādinayo desito, tathā ca buddhattā tathā gadanato ca tathāgato. Tenāha sakko devarājā – ‘‘tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ, saṅghaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti (khu. pā. 6.18; su. ni. 241), svāssa sāvakabhūto atthīti bhagavā tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāgatabhāvena tathāgato.
Idampi tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattakameva, sabbākārena pana tathāgatova tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya. Idañhi tathāgatapadaṃ mahatthaṃ, mahāgatikaṃ, mahāvisayaṃ, tassa appamādapadassa viya tepiṭakampi buddhavacanaṃ yuttito atthabhāvena āharanto ‘‘atitthena dhammakathiko pakkhando’’ti na vattabboti.
Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Yatheva loke purimā mahesino,
Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā;
Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā.
Samādhiñāṇehi yathā gatā jinā;
Purātanā sakyamunī jutindharo,
Tathā gato tena tathāgato mato.
‘‘Tathañca dhātāyatanādilakkhaṇaṃ,
Sabhāvasāmaññavibhāgabhedato;
Sayambhuñāṇena jinoyamāgato,
Tathāgato vuccati sakyapuṅgavo.
‘‘Tathāni saccāni samantacakkhunā,
Tathā idappaccayatā ca sabbaso;
Anaññaneyyā nayato vibhāvitā,
Tathā gato tena jino tathāgato.
‘‘Anekabhedāsupi lokadhātusu,
Jinassa rūpāyatanādigocare;
Vicittabhede tathameva dassanaṃ,
Tathāgato tena samantalocano.
‘‘Yato ca dhammaṃ tathameva bhāsati,
Karoti vācāyanurūpamattano;
Guṇehi lokaṃ abhibhuyyirīyati,
Tathāgato tenapi lokanāyako.
‘‘Tathā pariññāya tathāya sabbaso,
Avedi lokaṃ pabhavaṃ atikkami;
Gato ca paccakkhakiriyāya nibbutiṃ,
Ariyamaggañca gato tathāgato.
‘‘Tathā paṭiññāya tathāya sabbaso,
Hitāya lokassa yatoyamāgato;
Tathāya nātho karuṇāya sabbadā,
Gato ca tenāpi jino tathāgato.
‘‘Tathāni ñāṇāni yatoyamāgato,
Yathāsabhāvaṃ visayāvabodhato;
Tathābhijātippabhutī tathāgato,
Tadatthasampādanato tathāgato.
‘‘Yathāvidhā te purimā mahesino,
Tathāvidhoyampi tathā yathāruci;
Pavattavācā tanucittabhāvato,
Tathāgato vuccati aggapuggalo.
‘‘Sambodhisambhāravipakkhato pure,
Gataṃ na saṃsāragatampi tassa vā;
Na catthi nāthassa bhavantadassino,
Tathehi tasmā agato tathāgato.
‘‘Tathāgato dhammavaro mahesinā,
Yathā pahātabbamalaṃ pahīyati;
Tathāgato ariyagaṇo vināyako,
Tathāgato tena samaṅgibhāvato’’ti.
Arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhanti ettha arahāti padassa attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhaṃ. Yaṃkiñci ñeyyaṃ nāma, tassa sabbassapi sabbākārato aviparītato sayameva abhisambuddhattāti vuttaṃ hoti. Imināssa paropadesarahitassa sabbākārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātassa sabbaññutaññāṇassa adhigamo dassito.
Nanu ca sabbaññutaññāṇato aññaṃ anāvaraṇaṃ, aññathā cha asādhāraṇāni ñāṇāni buddhañāṇānīti vacanaṃ virujjheyyāti? Na virujjhati, visayappavattibhedavasena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Ekameva hi taṃ ñāṇaṃ anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutidhammavisayatāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tattha ca āvaraṇābhāvato nissaṅgacāramupādāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti vuttaṃ. Yathāha paṭisambhidāyaṃ –
‘‘Sabbaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhataṃ anavasesaṃ jānātīti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ. Tattha āvaraṇaṃ natthīti anāvaraṇañāṇa’’ntiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.119).
Tasmā natthi nesaṃ atthato bhedo, ekantenevetaṃ evamicchitabbaṃ. Aññathā sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇānaṃ sādhāraṇatā asabbadhammārammaṇatā ca āpajjeyya. Na hi bhagavato ñāṇassa aṇumattampi āvaraṇaṃ atthi, anāvaraṇañāṇassa ca asabbadhammārammaṇabhāve yattha taṃ na pavattati tatthāvaraṇasabbhāvato anāvaraṇabhāvoyeva na siyā. Atha vā pana hotu aññameva anāvaraṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇato, idha pana sabbattha appaṭihatavuttitāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti sabbaññutaññāṇameva adhippetaṃ, tassevādhigamena bhagavā sabbaññū sabbavidū sammāsambuddhoti vuccati, na sakiṃyeva sabbadhammāvabodhato. Tathā ca vuttaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –
‘‘Vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti.
Sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthañāṇasamadhigamena hi bhagavato santāne anavasesadhamme paṭivijjhituṃ samatthatā ahosīti.
Etthāha – kiṃ panidaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattamānaṃ sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, udāhu kamenāti? Kiñcettha – yadi tāva sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, atītānāgatappaccupannaajjhattabahiddhādibhedabhinnānaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ asaṅkhatasammutidhammānañca ekajjhaṃ upaṭṭhāne dūrato cittapaṭaṃ pekkhantassa viya visayavibhāgenāvabodho na siyā, tathā ca sati ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti vipassantānaṃ anattākārena viya sabbadhammā anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇassa visayā hontīti āpajjati. Yepi ‘‘sabbañeyyadhammānaṃ ṭhitalakkhaṇavisayaṃ vikapparahitaṃ sabbakālaṃ buddhānaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tena te sabbavidūti vuccanti. Evañca katvā –
‘‘Caraṃ samāhito nāgo, tiṭṭhantopi samāhito’’ti. –
‘‘Idampi vacanaṃ suvuttaṃ hotī’’ti vadanti, tesampi vuttadosānātivatti, ṭhitalakkhaṇārammaṇatāya ca atītānāgatasammutidhammānaṃ tadabhāvato, ekadesavisayameva bhagavato ñāṇaṃ siyā. Tasmā sakiṃyeva ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti na yujjati.
Atha kamena sabbasmiṃ visaye ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti? Evampi na yujjati. Na hi jātibhūmisabhāvādivasena disādesakālādivasena ca anekabhedabhinne ñeyye kamena gayhamāne tassa anavasesapaṭivedho sambhavati apariyantabhāvato ñeyyassa. Ye pana ‘‘atthassa avisaṃvādanato ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanena sabbaññū bhagavā, tañca ñāṇaṃ na anumānikaṃ saṃsayābhāvato. Saṃsayānubaddhañhi loke anumānañāṇa’’nti vadanti, tesampi na yuttaṃ. Sabbassa hi apaccakkhabhāve atthassa avisaṃvādanena ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanassa asambhavato. Yañhi taṃ sesaṃ, taṃ apaccakkhanti. Atha tampi paccakkhaṃ, tassa sesabhāvo pana na siyāti sabbametaṃ akāraṇaṃ. Kasmā? Avisayavicārabhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Buddhavisayo, bhikkhave, acinteyyo, na cintetabbo; yo cinteyya, ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77).
Idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ – yaṃkiñci bhagavatā ñātuṃ icchitaṃ sakalamekadeso vā, tattha appaṭihatavuttitāya paccakkhato ñāṇaṃ pavattati, niccasamādhānañca vikkhepābhāvato, ñātuṃ icchitassa sakalassa avisayabhāvato tassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttitā na siyā, ekanteneva sā icchitabbā ‘‘sabbe dhammā buddhassa bhagavato āvajjanapaṭibaddhā, ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhā, manasikārapaṭibaddhā, cittuppādapaṭibaddhā’’ti (mahāni. 69; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85) vacanato. Atītānāgatavisayampi bhagavato ñāṇaṃ anumānāgamanatakkaggahaṇavirahitattā paccakkhameva.
Nanu ca etasmimpi pakkhe yadā sakalaṃ ñātuṃ icchitaṃ, tadā sakimeva sakalavisayatāya anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavatteyyāti vuttadosānātivattiyevāti? Na, tassa visodhitattā. Visodhito hi so buddhavisayo acinteyyoti. Aññathā pacurajanañāṇasamavuttitāya buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ ñāṇassa acinteyyatā na siyā, tasmā sakaladhammārammaṇampi taṃ ekadhammārammaṇaṃ viya suvavatthāpiteyeva te dhamme katvā pavattatīti idamettha acinteyyaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, ñeyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇapariyantikaṃ ñeyyanti evamekajjhaṃ visuṃ visuṃ sakiṃ kamena ca icchānurūpaṃ sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddho bhagavā. Taṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ.
Dve vitakkāti dve sammā vitakkā. Tattha vitakkenti etena, sayaṃ vā vitakketi, vitakkanamattameva vāti vitakko. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇābhiniropanalakkhaṇo, āhananapariyāhananaraso, ārammaṇe cittassa ānayanapaccupaṭṭhāno. Visayabhedena pana taṃ dvidhā katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘dve vitakkā’’ti. Samudācarantīti samaṃ sammā ca uddhamuddhaṃ mariyādāya caranti. Mariyādattho hi ayamākāro, tena ca yogena ‘‘tathāgataṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti idaṃ sāmiatthe upayogavacanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa attano visaye samaṃ sammā ca aññamaññaṃ mariyādaṃ anatikkamantā uddhamuddhaṃ bahulaṃ abhiṇhaṃ caranti pavattantīti.
Ko pana nesaṃ visayo, kā vā mariyādā, kathañca taṃ anatikkamitvā te uddhamuddhaṃ bahulaṃ abhiṇhaṃ niccaṃ pavattantīti? Vuccate – khemavitakko, pavivekavitakkoti ime dve vitakkāyeva. Tesu khemavitakko tāva bhagavato visesena karuṇāsampayutto, mettāmuditāsampayuttopi labbhateva, tasmā so mahākaruṇāsamāpattiyā mettādisamāpattiyā ca pubbaṅgamo sampayutto ca veditabbo. Pavivekavitakko pana phalasamāpattiyā pubbaṅgamo sampayutto ca, dibbavihārādivasenāpi labbhateva. Iti nesaṃ vitakko visayo, tasmā ekasmiṃ santāne bahulaṃ pavattamānānampi kālena kālaṃ savisayasmiṃyeva caraṇato natthi mariyādā, na saṅkarena vutti.
Tattha khemavitakko bhagavato karuṇokkamanādinā vibhāvetabbo, pavivekavitakko samāpattīhi. Tatrāyaṃ vibhāvanā – ‘‘ayaṃ loko santāpajāto dukkhapareto’’tiādinā rāgaggiādīhi lokasannivāsassa ādittatādiākāradassanehi mahākaruṇāsamāpattiyā pubbabhāge , samāpattiyampi paṭhamajjhānavasena vattabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.117-118) –
‘‘Bahūhi ākārehi passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati, āditto lokasannivāsoti passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati. Uyyutto, payāto, kummaggapaṭipanno, upanīyati loko addhuvo, atāṇo loko anabhissaro, assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ, ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso.
‘‘Atāyano lokasannivāso, aleṇo, asaraṇo, asaraṇībhūto, uddhato loko avūpasanto, sasallo lokasannivāso viddho puthusallehi, avijjandhakārāvaraṇo kilesapañjaraparikkhitto, avijjāgato lokasannivāso aṇḍabhūto pariyonaddho tantākulakajāto kulāguṇṭhikajāto muñjapabbajabhūto apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ saṃsāraṃ nātivattatīti passantānaṃ, avijjāvisadosasaṃlitto kilesakalalībhūto, rāgadosamohajaṭājaṭito.
‘‘Taṇhāsaṅghāṭapaṭimukko, taṇhājālena otthaṭo, taṇhāsotena vuyhati, taṇhāsaṃyojanena saṃyutto, taṇhānusayena anusaṭo, taṇhāsantāpena santappati, taṇhāpariḷāhena pariḍayhati.
‘‘Diṭṭhisaṅghāṭapaṭimukko, diṭṭhijālena otthaṭo, diṭṭhisotena vuyhati, diṭṭhisaṃyojanena saṃyutto, diṭṭhānusayena anusaṭo, diṭṭhisantāpena santappati, diṭṭhipariḷāhena pariḍayhati.
‘‘Jātiyā anugato, jarāya anusaṭo, byādhinā abhibhūto, maraṇena abbhāhato, dukkhe patiṭṭhito.
‘‘Taṇhāya oḍḍito, jarāpākāraparikkhitto, maccupāsaparikkhitto, mahābandhanabaddho, lokasannivāso, rāgabandhanena, dosamohabandhanena, mānadiṭṭhikilesaduccaritabandhanena baddho, mahāsambādhapaṭipanno, mahāpalibodhena palibuddho, mahāpapāte patito, mahākantārapaṭipanno, mahāsaṃsārapaṭipanno, mahāvidugge samparivattati, mahāpalipe palipanno.
‘‘Abbhāhato lokasannivāso, āditto lokasannivāso rāgagginā, dosagginā, mohagginā jātiyā…pe… upāyāsehi, unnītako lokasannivāso haññati niccamatāṇo pattadaṇḍo takkaro, vajjabandhanabaddho āghātanapaccupaṭṭhito, anātho lokasannivāso paramakāruññataṃ patto, dukkhābhitunno cirarattapīḷito, niccagadhito niccapipāsito.
‘‘Andho, acakkhuko, hatanetto, apariṇāyako, vipathapakkhando, añjasāparaddho, mahoghapakkhando.
‘‘Dvīhi diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhito, tīhi duccaritehi vippaṭipanno, catūhi yogehi yojito, catūhi ganthehi ganthito, catūhi upādānehi upādīyati, pañcagatisamāruḷho, pañcahi kāmaguṇehi rajjati, pañcahi nīvaraṇehi otthaṭo, chahi vivādamūlehi vivadati, chahi taṇhākāyehi rajjati, chahi diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhito, sattahi anusayehi anusaṭo, sattahi saṃyojanehi saṃyutto, sattahi mānehi unnato, aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi samparivattati, aṭṭhahi micchattehi niyato, aṭṭhahi purisadosehi dussati, navahi āghātavatthūhi āghātito, navahi mānehi unnato, navahi taṇhāmūlakehi dhammehi rajjati, dasahi kilesavatthūhi kilissati, dasahi āghātavatthūhi āghātito, dasahi akusalakammapathehi samannāgato, dasahi saṃyojanehi saṃyutto, dasahi micchattehi niyato, dasavatthukāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, dasavatthukāya antaggāhikāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, aṭṭhasatataṇhāpapañcehi papañcito, dvāsaṭṭhiyā diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhito lokasannivāsoti sampassantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati.
‘‘Ahañcamhi tiṇṇo, loko ca atiṇṇo. Ahañcamhi mutto, loko ca amutto. Ahañcamhi danto, loko ca adanto. Ahañcamhi santo, loko ca asanto. Ahañcamhi assattho, loko ca anassattho. Ahañcamhi parinibbuto, loko ca aparinibbuto. Pahomi khvāhaṃ tiṇṇo tāretuṃ, mutto mocetuṃ, danto dametuṃ, santo sametuṃ , assattho assāsetuṃ, parinibbuto pare ca parinibbāpetunti passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.117-118).
Imināva nayena bhagavato sattesu mettāokkamanañca vibhāvetabbaṃ. Karuṇāvisayassa hi dukkhassa paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sukhaṃ sattesu upasaṃharantī mettāpi pavattatīti idha abyāpādaavihiṃsāvitakkā khemavitakko. Pavivekavitakko pana nekkhammavitakkoyeva, tassa dibbavihāraariyavihāresu pubbabhāgassa paṭhamajjhānassa paccavekkhaṇāya ca vasena pavatti veditabbā. Tattha ye te bhagavato devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakavasena catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā samāpattivihārā, yesaṃ purecaraṇabhāvena pavattaṃ samādhicariyānugataṃ ñāṇacariyānugataṃ ñāṇaṃ catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattisañcārimahāvajirañāṇanti vuccati, tesaṃ vasena bhagavato pavivekavitakkassa bahulaṃ pavatti veditabbā. Ayañca attho mahāsaccakasuttenapi veditabbo. Vuttañhi tattha bhagavatā –
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, aggivessana, tasmiṃyeva purimasmiṃ samādhinimitte ajjhattameva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi, sannisādemi, yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.387).
Idañhi bhagavā ‘‘samaṇo gotamo abhirūpo pāsādiko suphusitaṃ dantāvaraṇaṃ, jivhā tanukā, madhuraṃ vacanaṃ, tena parisaṃ rañjento maññe vicarati, citte panassa ekaggatā natthi, yo evaṃ saññattibahulo caratī’’ti saccakena nigaṇṭhaputtena vitakkite avassaṃ sahoḍhaṃ coraṃ gaṇhanto viya ‘‘na aggivessana tathāgato parisaṃ rañjento saññattibahulo vicarati, cakkavāḷapariyantāyapi parisāya dhammaṃ deseti, asallīno anupalitto ekattaṃ ekavihārisuññatāphalasamāpattiphalaṃ anuyutto’’ti dassetuṃ āhari.
Bhagavā hi yasmiṃ khaṇe parisā sādhukāraṃ deti, dhammaṃ vā paccavekkhati, tasmiṃ khaṇe pubbabhāgena kālaṃ paricchinditvā phalasamāpattiṃ assāsavāre passāsavāre samāpajjati, sādhukārasaddanigghose avicchinneyeva dhammapaccavekkhaṇāya ca pariyosāne samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya dhammaṃ deseti. Buddhānañhi bhavaṅgaparivāso lahuko, assāsavāre passāsavāre samāpattiyo samāpajjanti. Evaṃ yathāvuttasamāpattīnaṃ sapubbabhāgānaṃ vasena bhagavato khemavitakkassa pavivekavitakkassa ca bahulappavatti veditabbā.
Tattha yassa byāpādavihiṃsāvitakkādisaṃkilesappahānassa abyāpādavitakkassa avihiṃsāvitakkassa ca ānubhāvena kutocipi bhayābhāvato taṃsamaṅgī khemappatto ca viharati, tato ca sabbassapi sabbadāpi khemameva hoti abhayameva. Tasmā duvidhopi ubhayesaṃ khemaṅkaroti khemavitakko. Yassa pana kāmavitakkādisaṃkilesapahānassa nekkhammavitakkassa ānubhāvena kāyaviveko, cittaviveko, upadhivivekoti tividho; tadaṅgaviveko, vikkhambhanaviveko, samucchedaviveko, paṭippassaddhiviveko, nissaraṇavivekoti pañcavidho ca viveko pāripūriṃ gacchati. So yathārahaṃ ārammaṇato sampayogato ca pavivekasahagato vitakkoti pavivekavitakko. Ete ca dve vitakkā evaṃ vibhattavisayāpi samānā ādikammikānaṃ aññamaññūpakārāya sambhavanti. Yathā hi khemavitakkassa pavivekavitakko anuppannassa uppādāya uppannassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya hoti, evaṃ pavivekavitakkassapi khemavitakko. Na hi vūpakaṭṭhakāyacittānamantarena mettāvihārādayo sambhavanti byāpādādippahānena ca vinā cittavivekādīnaṃ asambhavoyevāti aññamaññassa bahūpakārā ete dhammā daṭṭhabbā. Bhagavato pana sabbaso pahīnasaṃkilesassa lokahitatthāya evaṃ khemavitakko ca pavivekavitakko ca assāsavāramattepi hitasukhamāvahantiyevāti. Khemo ca vitakko paviveko ca vitakkoti sambandhitabbaṃ.
Evaṃ uddiṭṭhe dve vitakke niddisituṃ ‘‘abyāpajjhārāmo’’tiādimāha. Tattha abyāpajjhanaṃ kassaci adukkhanaṃ abyāpajjho, so āramitabbato ārāmo etassāti abyāpajjhārāmo. Abyāpajjhe rato sevanavasena niratoti abyāpajjharato. Esevāti eso eva. Iriyāyāti kiriyāya, kāyavacīpayogenāti attho. Na kañci byābādhemīti hīnādīsu kañcipi sattaṃ taṇhātasādiyogato tasaṃ vā tadabhāvato pahīnasabbakilesavipphanditattā thāvaraṃ vā na bādhemi na dukkhāpemi. Karuṇajjhāsayo bhagavā mahākaruṇāsamāpattibahulo attano paramarucitakaruṇajjhāsayānurūpamevamāha. Tena avihiṃsāvitakkaṃ abyāpādavitakkañca dasseti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ imāya iriyāya imāya paṭipattiyā evaṃ sammā paṭipajjanto evaṃ samāpattivihārehi viharanto evaṃ puññatthikehi katāni sakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāni adhivāsento sattesu na kañci byābādhemi, apica kho diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthappabhedaṃ hitasukhameva nesaṃ paribrūhemī’ti.
Yaṃ akusalaṃ, taṃ pahīnanti yaṃ diyaḍḍhakilesasahassabhedaṃ aññañca taṃsampayuttaṃ anantappabhedaṃ akusalaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ bodhimūleyeva mayhaṃ pahīnaṃ samūhatanti. Iminā pavivekesu muddhabhūtena saddhiṃ nissaraṇavivekena samucchedappaṭippassaddhiviveke dasseti. Keci panettha tadaṅgavikkhambhanavivekepi uddharanti . Āgamanīyapaṭipadāya hi saddhiṃ bhagavatā attano kilesakkhayo idha vuttoti.
Iti bhagavā aparimitakappaparicittaṃ attano pavivekajjhāsayaṃ saddhiṃ nissaraṇajjhāsayena idāni matthakaṃ pāpetvā ṭhito tamajjhāsayaṃ phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā attano kilesappahānapaccavekkhaṇamukhena vibhāveti. Yadatthaṃ panettha satthā ime dve vitakke uddhari, idāni tamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Bhagavā hi imassa vitakkadvayassa attano bahulasamudācāradassanamukheneva tattha bhikkhū nivesetuṃ imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi.
Tattha tasmāti yasmā abyāpajjhapavivekābhiratassa me khemapavivekavitakkāyeva bahulaṃ pavattanti, tasmā. Tihāti nipātamattaṃ. Abyāpajjhārāmāviharathāti sabbasattesu mettāvihārena karuṇāvihāre na ca abhiramantā viharatha. Tena byāpādassa tadekaṭṭhakilesānañca dūrīkaraṇamāha. Tesaṃ voti ettha voti nipātamattaṃ. Pavivekārāmā viharathāti kāyādivivekañceva tadaṅgādivivekañcāti sabbaviveke āramitabbaṭṭhānaṃ katvā viharatha. Imāya mayantiādi yathā nesaṃ khemavitakkassa pavattanākāradassanaṃ, evaṃ kiṃ akusalantiādi pavivekavitakkassa pavattanākāradassanaṃ. Tattha yathā anavajjadhamme paripūretukāmena kiṃkusalagavesinā hutvā kusaladhammapariyesanā kātabbāva, sāvajjadhamme pajahitukāmenāpi akusalapariyesanā kātabbāti āha ‘‘kiṃ akusala’’ntiādi. Abhiññāpubbikā hi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanā. Tattha kiṃ akusalanti akusalaṃ nāma kiṃ, sabhāvato kimassa lakkhaṇaṃ, kāni vā rasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānānīti akusalassa sabhāvakiccādito paccavekkhaṇavidhiṃ dasseti. Ādikammikavasena cesa vitakko āgato, kiṃ appahīnaṃ kiṃ pajahāmāti idaṃ padadvayaṃ sekkhavasena. Tasmā kiṃ appahīnanti kāmarāgasaṃyojanādīsu akusalesu kiṃ akusalaṃ amhākaṃ maggena asamucchinnaṃ? Kiṃpajahāmāti kiṃ akusalaṃ samugghātema? Atha vā kiṃ pajahāmāti vītikkamapariyuṭṭhānānusayesu kiṃ vibhāgaṃ akusalaṃ idāni mayaṃ pajahāmāti attho. Keci pana ‘‘kiṃ appahīna’’nti paṭhanti. Tesaṃ diṭṭhisaṃyojanādivasena anekabhedesu akusalesu kiṃ katamaṃ akusalaṃ, kena katamena pakārena, katamena vā maggena amhākaṃ appahīnanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Gāthāsu buddhanti catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ aviparītaṃ sayambhuñāṇena buddhattā paṭividdhattā buddhaṃ saccavinimuttassa ñeyyassa abhāvato. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –
‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;
Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. (su. ni. 563; ma. ni. 2.399);
Ṭhapetvā mahābodhisattaṃ aññehi sahituṃ vahituṃ asakkuṇeyyattā asayhassa sakalassa bodhisambhārassa mahākaruṇādhikārassa ca sahanato vahanato, tathā aññehi sahituṃ abhibhavituṃ dukkarattā asayhānaṃ pañcannaṃ mārānaṃ sahanato abhibhavanato, āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādivibhāgāvabodhena yathārahaṃ veneyyānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi anusāsanasaṅkhātassa aññehi asayhassa buddhakiccassa sahanato vahanato, tattha vā sādhukāribhāvato asayhasāhinaṃ. Samudācaranti nanti ettha nanti nipātamattaṃ, naṃ tathāgatanti vā attho.
Sakaparasantānesu tamasaṅkhātaṃ mohandhakāraṃ nudi khipīti tamonudo. Pāraṃ nibbānaṃ gatoti pāragato. Atha vā ‘‘mutto moceyya’’ntiādinā nayena pavattitassa mahābhinīhārassa sakalassa vā saṃsāradukkhassa sabbaññuguṇānaṃ pāraṃ pariyantaṃ gatoti pāragato, taṃ tamonudaṃ pāragataṃ. Tato eva pattipattaṃ buddhaṃ, sīlādiṃ dasabalañāṇādiñca sammāsambuddhehi pattabbaṃ sabbaṃ pattanti attho. Vasimanti jhānādīsu ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddho paramo āvajjanādivasibhāvo, ariyiddhisaṅkhāto anaññasādhāraṇo cittavasibhāvo ca assa atthīti vasimā, taṃ vasimaṃ, vasinanti attho. Sabbesaṃ kāmāsavādīnaṃ abhāvena anāsavaṃ. Kāyavisamādikassa visamassa vantattā vā visasaṅkhātaṃ sabbaṃ kilesamalaṃ taritvā vā visaṃ sakalavaṭṭadukkhaṃ sayaṃ taritvā tāraṇato visantaro taṃ visantaraṃ. Taṇhakkhaye arahattaphale nibbāne vā vimuttaṃ, ubhayamhi gamanato monasaṅkhātena ñāṇena kāyamoneyyādīhi vā sātisayaṃ samannāgatattā muniṃ. Munīti hi agāriyamuni, anagāriyamuni, sekkhamuni, asekkhamuni, paccekamuni, munimunīti anekavidhā munayo. Tattha gihī āgataphalo viññātasāsano agāriyamuni, tathārūpo pabbajito anagāriyamuni, satta sekkhā sekkhamuni, khīṇāsavo asekkhamuni, paccekabuddho paccekamuni, sammāsambuddho munimunīti. Ayameva idhādhippeto. Āyatiṃ punabbhavābhāvato antimaṃ, pacchimaṃ dehaṃ kāyaṃ dhāretīti antimadehadhārī, taṃ antimadehadhāriṃ. Kilesamārādīnaṃ sammadeva pariccattattā mārañjahaṃ. Tato eva jarāhetusamucchedato anupādisesanibbānappattivasena pākaṭajarādisabbajarāya pāraguṃ. Jarāsīsena cettha jātimaraṇasokādīnaṃ pāragamanaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃ evaṃbhūtaṃ tathāgataṃ duve vitakkā samudācarantīti brūmīti sambandho.
Iti bhagavā paṭhamagāthāya vitakkadvayaṃ uddisitvā tato dutiyagāthāya pavivekavitakkaṃ dassetvā idāni khemavitakkaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sele yathā’’ti tatiyagāthamāha. Tattha sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhitoti sele silāmaye ekagghanapabbatamuddhani yathā ṭhito. Na hi tattha ṭhitassa uddhaṃ gīvukkhipanapasāraṇādikiccaṃ atthi. Tathūpamanti tappaṭibhāgaṃ selapabbatūpamaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – yathā selapabbatamuddhani ṭhito cakkhumā puriso samantato janataṃ passeyya, evameva sumedho, sundarapañño sabbaññutaññāṇena samantacakkhu bhagavā dhammamayaṃ paññāmayaṃ pāsādamāruyha sayaṃ apetasoko sokāvatiṇṇaṃ jātijarābhibhūtañca janataṃ sattakāyaṃ avekkhati upadhārayati upaparikkhati. Ayaṃ panettha adhippāyo – yathā hi pabbatapāde samantā mahantaṃ khettaṃ katvā tattha kedārapāḷīsu kuṭiyo katvā rattiṃ aggiṃ jāleyya, caturaṅgasamannāgatañca andhakāraṃ bhaveyya, athassa pabbatassa matthake ṭhatvā cakkhumato purisassa bhūmippadesaṃ olokayato neva khettaṃ, na kedārapāḷiyo, na kuṭiyo, na tattha sayitamanussā paññāyeyyuṃ, kuṭīsu pana aggijālamattameva paññāyeyya, evaṃ dhammamayaṃ pāsādamāruyha sattakāyaṃ olokayato tathāgatassa ye te akatakalyāṇā sattā, te ekavihāre dakkhiṇapasse nisinnāpi buddhañāṇassa āpāthaṃ nāgacchanti, rattiṃ khittasarā viya honti. Ye pana katakalyāṇā veneyyapuggalā, te evassa dūrepi ṭhitā āpāthaṃ āgacchanti, so aggi viya himavantapabbato viya ca vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘Dūre santo pakāsenti, himavantova pabbato;
Asantettha na dissanti, rattiṃ khittā yathā sarā’’ti. (dha. pa. 304; netti. 11);
Evametasmiṃ sutte gāthāsu ca bhagavā attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā dassesi.
Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Desanāsuttavaṇṇanā
39. Dutiye pariyāyenāti ettha pariyāya-saddo ‘‘madhupiṇḍikapariyāyotveva naṃ dhārehī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.205) desanāyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Atthi khvesa , brāhmaṇa, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo’’tiādīsu (pārā. 5; a. ni. 8.11) kāraṇe. ‘‘Kassa nu kho, ānanda, ajja pariyāyo bhikkhuniyo ovaditu’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.398) vāre. Idha pana vārepi kāraṇepi vaṭṭati, tasmā, bhikkhave, tathāgatassa dve dhammadesanā yathārahaṃ kāraṇena bhavanti, vārena vāti ayamettha attho. Bhagavā hi veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ kadāci ‘‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime, dhammā akusalā. Ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā anavajjā. Ime sevitabbā, ime na sevitabbā’’tiādinā kusalākusaladhamme vibhajanto kusaladhammehi akusaladhamme asaṅkarato paññāpento ‘‘pāpaṃ pāpakato passathā’’ti dhammaṃ deseti. Kadāci ‘‘pāṇātipāto, bhikkhave, āsevito bhāvito bahulīkato nirayasaṃvattaniko tiracchānayonisaṃvattaniko pettivisayasaṃvattaniko, yo sabbalahuko pāṇātipāto, so appāyukasaṃvattaniko’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.40) ādīnavaṃ pakāsento pāpato nibbidādīhi niyojento ‘‘nibbindatha virajjathā’’ti dhammaṃ deseti.
Bhavantīti honti pavattanti. Pāpaṃ pāpakato passathāti sabbaṃ pāpadhammaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme āyatiñca ahitadukkhāvahato lāmakato passatha. Tattha nibbindathāti tasmiṃ pāpadhamme ‘‘accantahīnabhāvato lāmakaṭṭhena pāpaṃ, akosallasambhūtaṭṭhena akusalaṃ, pakatipabhassarassa pasannassa ca cittassa pabhassarādibhāvavināsanato saṃkilesikaṃ, punappunaṃ bhavadukkhanibbattanato ponobbhavikaṃ, saheva darathehi pariḷāhehi vattanato sadarathaṃ, dukkhasseva vipaccanato dukkhavipākaṃ, aparimāṇampi kālaṃ anāgate jātijarāmaraṇanibbattanato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyaṃ, sabbahitasukhaviddhaṃsanasamattha’’ntiādinā nayena nānāvidhe ādīnave, tassa ca pahāne ānisaṃse sammapaññāya passantā nibbindatha nibbedaṃ āpajjatha. Nibbindantā ca vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā ariyamaggādhigamena pāpato virajjatha ceva vimuccatha ca. Maggena vā samucchedavirāgavasena virajjatha, tato phalena paṭippassaddhivimuttivasena vimuccatha. Atha vā pāpanti lāmakato pāpaṃ. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yaṃ aniccadukkhādibhāvena kucchitaṃ ariyehi jigucchanīyaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ pāpetīti pāpaṃ. Kiṃ pana taṃ? Tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ . Yathāvuttena atthena pāpakato disvā tattha aniccato, dukkhato, rogato, gaṇḍato, sallato, aghato, ābādhatotiādinā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhentā nibbindatha. Ayaṃ dutiyāti yāthāvato ahitānatthavibhāvanaṃ paṭhamaṃ upādāya tato vivecanaṃ ayaṃ dutiyā dhammadesanā.
Gāthāsu buddhassāti sabbaññubuddhassa. Sabbabhūtānukampinoti sabbepi satte mahākaruṇāya anukampanasabhāvassa. Pariyāyavacananti pariyāyena kathanaṃ desanaṃ. Passāti parisaṃ ālapati, parisajeṭṭhakaṃ vā sandhāya vuttaṃ. Keci panāhu ‘‘attānameva sandhāya bhagavā ‘passā’ti avocā’’ti. Tatthāti tasmiṃ pāpake virajjatha rāgaṃ pajahathāti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Dutiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Vijjāsuttavaṇṇanā
40. Tatiye pubbaṅgamāti sahajātavasena, upanissayavasena cāti dvīhi ākārehi pubbaṅgamā purassarā padhānakāraṇaṃ. Na hi avijjāya vinā akusaluppatti atthi. Samāpattiyāti samāpajjanāya sabhāvapaṭilābhāya, pavattiyāti attho. Tattha akusalappavattiyā ādīnavappaṭicchādanena ayonisomanasikārassa paccayabhāvena appahīnabhāvena ca akusaladhammānaṃ upanissayabhāvo dissati.
Evaṃ byādhimaraṇādidukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato sabbāpi gatiyo idha duggatiyo. Atha vā rāgādikilesehi dūsitā gatiyo kāyavacīcittānaṃ pavattiyoti duggatiyo, kāyavacīmanoduccaritāni. Asmiṃ loketi idha loke manussagatiyaṃ vā. Paramhi cāti tato aññāsu gatīsu. Avijjāmūlikā sabbāti tā sabbāpi duccaritassa vipattiyo vuttanayena avijjāpubbaṅgamattā avijjāmūlikā eva. Icchālobhasamussayāti asampattavisayapariyesanalakkhaṇāya icchāya, sampattavisayalubbhanalakkhaṇena lobhena ca samussitā upacitāti icchālobhasamussayā.
Yatoti yasmā avijjāhetu avijjāya nivuto hutvā. Pāpicchoti avijjāya paṭicchāditattā pāpicchatāya ādīnave apassanto asantaguṇasambhāvanavasena kohaññādīni karonto pāpiccho, lobheneva atricchatāpi gahitāti daṭṭhabbā. Anādaroti lokādhipatino ottappassa abhāvena sabrahmacārīsu ādararahito. Tatoti tasmā avijjāpāpicchatāahirikānottappahetu . Pasavatīti kāyaduccaritādibhedaṃ pāpaṃ upacinati. Apāyaṃ tena gacchatīti tena tathā pasutena pāpena nirayādibhedaṃ apāyaṃ gacchati upapajjati.
Tasmāti yasmā ete evaṃ sabbaduccaritamūlabhūtā sabbaduggatiparikkilesahetubhūtā ca avijjādayo, tasmā icchañca, lobhañca, avijjañca, casaddena ahirikānottappañca virājayaṃ samucchedavasena pajahaṃ. Kathaṃ virājetīti āha? Vijjaṃ uppādayanti, vipassanāpaṭipāṭiyā ca, maggapaṭipāṭiyā ca, ussakkitvā arahattamaggavijjaṃ attano santāne uppādayanto. Sabbā duggatiyoti sabbāpi duccaritasaṅkhātā duggatiyo, vaṭṭadukkhassa vā adhiṭṭhānabhāvato dukkhā, sabbā pañcapi gatiyo jahe pajaheyya samatikkameyya. Kilesavaṭṭappahāneneva hi kammavaṭṭaṃ vipākavaṭṭañca pahīnaṃ hotīti.
Tatiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Paññāparihīnasuttavaṇṇanā
41. Catutthe suparihīnāti suṭṭhu parihīnā. Ye ariyāya paññāya parihīnāti ye sattā pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayabbayapaṭivijjhanena catusaccapaṭivijjhanena ca kilesehi ārakā ṭhitattā ariyāya parisuddhāya vipassanāpaññāya ca maggapaññāya ca parihīnā, te lokiyalokuttarāhi sampattīhi ativiya parihīnā mahājānikā. Ke pana teti? Ye kammāvaraṇena samannāgatā. Te hi micchattaniyatabhāvato ekantena parihīnā aparipuṇṇā mahājānikā. Tenāha ‘‘duggati pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti. Vipākāvaraṇasamaṅginopi parihīnā. Atha vā sukkapakkhe aparihīnā nāma tividhāvaraṇavirahitā sammādiṭṭhikā kammassakatañāṇena ca samannāgatā. Sesaṃ vuttanayānusārena veditabbaṃ.
Gāthāsu paññāyāti nissakkavacanaṃ, vipassanāñāṇato maggañāṇato ca parihānenāti. Sāmivacanaṃ vā etaṃ, yathāvuttañāṇassa parihānenāti, uppādetabbassa anuppādanameva cettha parihānaṃ. Niviṭṭhaṃ nāmarūpasminti nāmarūpe upādānakkhandhapañcake ‘‘etaṃ mamā’’tiādinā taṇhādiṭṭhivasena abhiniviṭṭhaṃ ajjhositaṃ, tato eva idaṃ saccanti maññatīti ‘‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’nti maññati. ‘‘Sadevake loke’’ti vibhatti pariṇāmetabbā.
Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya saṃkilesapakkhaṃ dassetvā idāni yassā anuppattiyā nāmarūpasmiṃ maññanābhinivesehi kilesavaṭṭaṃ vattati, tassā uppattiyā vaṭṭassa upacchedoti paññāya ānubhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘paññā hi seṭṭhā lokasmi’’nti gāthamāha.
Tattha lokasminti saṅkhāralokasmiṃ. Sammāsambuddho viya sattesu, saṅkhāresu paññāsadiso dhammo natthi. Paññuttarā hi kusalā dhammā, paññāya ca siddhāya sabbe anavajjadhammā siddhā eva honti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sammādiṭṭhissa sammāsaṅkappo pahotī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 3.141; saṃ. ni. 5.1). Yā panettha paññā adhippetā, sā seṭṭhāti thomitā. Yathā ca sā pavattati, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yāyaṃ nibbedhagāminī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tassattho – yā ayaṃ paññā anibbiddhapubbaṃ apadālitapubbaṃ lobhakkhandhādiṃ nibbijjhantī padālentī gacchati pavattatīti nibbedhagāminī, yāya ca tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsesu sattanikāyesu khandhānaṃ paṭhamābhinibbattisaṅkhātāya jātiyā taṃnimittassa ca kammabhavassa parikkhayaṃ pariyosānaṃ nibbānaṃ arahattañca sammā aviparītaṃ jānāti sacchikaroti, ayaṃ sahavipassanā maggapaññā seṭṭhā lokasminti.
Idāni yathāvuttapaññānubhāvasampanne khīṇāsave abhitthavanto ‘‘tesaṃ devā manussā cā’’ti osānagāthamāha. Tassattho – tesaṃ catūsu ariyasaccesu pariññādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ kiccānaṃ niṭṭhitattā catusaccasambodhena sambuddhānaṃ, sativepullappattiyā satimataṃ, vuttanayena samugghātitasammohattā paññāvepullappattiyā hāsapaññānaṃ, pubbabhāge vā sīlādipāripūrito paṭṭhāya yāva nibbānasacchikiriyāya hāsavedatuṭṭhipāmojjabahulatāya hāsapaññānaṃ, sabbaso parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanattā antimasarīradhārīnaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ devā manussā ca pihayanti piyā honti, tabbhāvaṃ adhigantuṃ icchanti ‘‘aho paññānubhāvo, aho vata mayampi edisā evaṃ nittiṇṇasabbadukkhā bhaveyyāmā’’ti.
Catutthasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Sukkadhammasuttavaṇṇanā
42. Pañcame sukkāti na vaṇṇasukkatāya sukkā, sukkabhāvāya pana paramavodānāya saṃvattantīti nipphattisukkatāya sukkā. Sarasenapi sabbe kusalā dhammā sukkā eva kaṇhabhāvapaṭipakkhato . Tesañhi uppattiyā cittaṃ pabhassaraṃ hoti parisuddhaṃ. Dhammāti kusalā dhammā. Lokanti sattalokaṃ. Pālentīti ādhārasandhāraṇena mariyādaṃ ṭhapentā rakkhanti. Hirī ca ottappañcāti ettha hiriyati hiriyitabbena, hiriyanti etenāti vā hirī. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘yaṃ hiriyati hiriyitabbena, hiriyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā, ayaṃ vuccati hirī’’ti (dha. sa. 30). Ottappati ottappitabbena, ottappanti etenāti vā ottappaṃ. Vuttampicetaṃ ‘‘yaṃ ottappati ottappitabbena, ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā, idaṃ vuccati ottappa’’nti (dha. sa. 31).
Tattha ajjhattasamuṭṭhānā hirī, bahiddhāsamuṭṭhānaṃ ottappaṃ. Attādhipateyyā hirī, lokādhipateyyaṃ ottappaṃ. Lajjāsabhāvasaṇṭhitā hirī, bhayasabhāvasaṇṭhitaṃ ottappaṃ. Sappatissavalakkhaṇā hirī, vajjabhīrukabhayadassāvilakkhaṇaṃ ottappaṃ.
Tattha ajjhattasamuṭṭhānaṃ hiriṃ catūhi kāraṇehi samuṭṭhāpeti – jātiṃ paccavekkhitvā, vayaṃ paccavekkhitvā, sūrabhāvaṃ paccavekkhitvā, bāhusaccaṃ paccavekkhitvā. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Pāpakaraṇaṃ nāmetaṃ na jātisampannānaṃ kammaṃ, hīnajaccānaṃ kevaṭṭādīnaṃ kammaṃ, mādisassa jātisampannassa idaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ na yutta’’nti evaṃ tāva jātiṃ paccavekkhitvā pāṇātipātādipāpakammaṃ akaronto hiriṃ samuṭṭhāpeti. Tathā ‘‘pāpakaraṇaṃ nāmetaṃ daharehi kattabbakammaṃ, mādisassa vaye ṭhitassa idaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ na yutta’’nti evaṃ vayaṃ paccavekkhitvā pāṇātipātādipāpakammaṃ akaronto hiriṃ samuṭṭhāpeti. Tathā ‘‘pāpakaraṇaṃ nāmetaṃ dubbalajātikānaṃ kammaṃ, mādisassa sūrabhāvasampannassa idaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ na yutta’’nti evaṃ sūrabhāvaṃ paccavekkhitvā pāṇātipātādipāpakammaṃ akaronto hiriṃ samuṭṭhāpeti. Tathā ‘‘pāpakaraṇaṃ nāmetaṃ andhabālānaṃ kammaṃ, na paṇḍitānaṃ, mādisassa paṇḍitassa bahussutassa idaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ na yutta’’nti evaṃ bāhusaccaṃ paccavekkhitvā pāṇātipātādipāpakammaṃ akaronto hiriṃ samuṭṭhāpeti. Evaṃ ajjhattasamuṭṭhānaṃ hiriṃ catūhi kāraṇehi samuṭṭhāpeti. Samuṭṭhāpetvā ca pana attano citte hiriṃ pavesetvā pāpakammaṃ na karoti. Evaṃ hirī ajjhattasamuṭṭhānā nāma hoti.
Kathaṃ ottappaṃ bahiddhāsamuṭṭhānaṃ nāma? ‘‘Sace tvaṃ pāpakammaṃ karissasi, catūsu parisāsu garahappatto bhavissasi.
‘‘Garahissanti taṃ viññū, asuciṃ nāgariko yathā;
Vajjito sīlavantehi, kathaṃ bhikkhu karissasī’’ti. –
Paccavekkhanto hi bahiddhāsamuṭṭhitena ottappena pāpakammaṃ na karoti. Evaṃ ottappaṃ bahiddhāsamuṭṭhānaṃ nāma hoti.
Kathaṃ hirī attādhipateyyā nāma? Idhekacco kulaputto attānaṃ adhipatiṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā ‘‘mādisassa saddhāpabbajitassa bahussutassa dhutavādissa na yuttaṃ pāpakammaṃ kātu’’nti pāpakammaṃ na karoti. Evaṃ hirī attādhipateyyā nāma hoti. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘So attānaṃyeva adhipatiṃ karitvā akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti, sāvajjaṃ pajahati, anavajjaṃ bhāveti, suddhamattānaṃ pariharatī’’ti (a. ni. 3.40).
Kathaṃ ottappaṃ lokādhipateyyaṃ nāma? Idhekacco kulaputto lokaṃ adhipatiṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā pāpakammaṃ na karoti. Yathāha –
‘‘Mahā kho panāyaṃ lokasannivāso. Mahantasmiṃ kho pana lokasannivāse santi samaṇabrāhmaṇā iddhimanto dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduno , te dūratopi passanti, āsannāpi na dissanti, cetasāpi cittaṃ pajānanti, tepi maṃ evaṃ jānissanti ‘passatha bho imaṃ kulaputtaṃ, saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito samāno vokiṇṇo viharati pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehī’ti. Santi devatā iddhimantiniyo dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduniyo, tā dūratopi passanti, āsannāpi na dissanti, cetasāpi cittaṃ pajānanti, tāpi maṃ evaṃ jānissanti ‘passatha bho imaṃ, kulaputtaṃ, saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito samāno vokiṇṇo viharati pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehī’ti. So lokaṃyeva adhipatiṃ katvā akusalaṃ pajahatī’’ti (a. ni. 3.40).
Evaṃ lokādhipateyyaṃ ottappaṃ.
Lajjāsabhāvasaṇṭhitāti ettha lajjāti lajjanākāro, tena sabhāvena saṇṭhitā hirī. Bhayanti apāyabhayaṃ, tena sabhāvena saṇṭhitaṃ ottappaṃ. Tadubhayaṃ pāpaparivajjane pākaṭaṃ hoti. Tattha yathā dvīsu ayoguḷesu eko sītalo bhaveyya gūthamakkhito, eko uṇho āditto. Tesu yathā sītalaṃ gūthamakkhitattā jigucchanto viññujātiko na gaṇhāti, itaraṃ dāhabhayena, evaṃ paṇḍito lajjāya jigucchanto pāpaṃ na karoti, ottappena apāyabhīto pāpaṃ na karoti. Evaṃ lajjāsabhāvasaṇṭhitā hirī, bhayasabhāvasaṇṭhitaṃ ottappaṃ.
Kathaṃ sappatissavalakkhaṇā hirī, vajjabhīrukabhayadassāvilakkhaṇaṃ ottappaṃ? Ekacco hi jātimahattapaccavekkhaṇā, satthumahattapaccavekkhaṇā, dāyajjamahattapaccavekkhaṇā, sabrahmacārimahattapaccavekkhaṇāti catūhi kāraṇehi tattha gāravena sappatissavalakkhaṇaṃ hiriṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā pāpaṃ na karoti, ekacco attānuvādabhayaṃ, parānuvādabhayaṃ, daṇḍabhayaṃ, duggatibhayanti catūhi kāraṇehi vajjato bhāyanto vajjabhīrukabhayadassāvilakkhaṇaṃ ottappaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā pāpaṃ na karoti. Ettha ca ajjhattasamuṭṭhānāditā hirottappānaṃ tattha tattha pākaṭabhāvena vuttā, na pana nesaṃ kadāci aññamaññavippayogo. Na hi lajjanaṃ nibbhayaṃ, pāpabhayaṃ vā alajjanaṃ atthīti.
Imece, bhikkhave, dve sukkā dhammā lokaṃ na pāleyyunti bhikkhave, ime dve anavajjadhammā yadi lokaṃ na rakkheyyuṃ, lokapālakā yadi na bhaveyyuṃ. Nayidha paññāyetha mātāti idha imasmiṃ loke janikā mātā ‘‘ayaṃ me mātā’’ti garucittīkāravasena na paññāyetha, ‘‘ayaṃ mātā’’ti na labbheyya. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Mātucchāti mātubhaginī. Mātulānīti mātulabhariyā. Garūnanti mahāpitucūḷapitujeṭṭhabhātuādīnaṃ garuṭṭhāniyānaṃ. Sambhedanti saṅkaraṃ, mariyādabhedaṃ vā. Yathā ajeḷakātiādīhi upamaṃ dasseti. Ete hi sattā ‘‘ayaṃ me mātā’’ti vā ‘‘mātucchā’’ti vā garucittīkāravasena na jānanti, yaṃ vatthuṃ nissāya uppannā, tatthapi vippaṭipajjanti. Tasmā upamaṃ āharanto ajeḷakādayo āhari. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – yathā ajeḷakādayo tiracchānā hirottapparahitā mātādisaññaṃ akatvā bhinnamariyādā sabbattha sambhedena vattanti, evamayaṃ manussaloko yadi lokapālakadhammā na bhaveyyuṃ, sabbattha sambhedena vatteyya. Yasmā panime lokapālakadhammā lokaṃ pālenti, tasmā natthi sambhedoti.
Gāthāsu yesaṃ ce hiriottappanti ceti nipātamattaṃ. Yesaṃ sattānaṃ hirī ca ottappañca sabbadāva sabbakālameva na vijjati na upalabbhati. Vokkantā sukkamūlā teti te sattā kusalamūlapacchedāvahassāpi kammassa karaṇato kusalakammānaṃ patiṭṭhānabhūtānaṃ hirottappānameva vā abhāvato kusalato vokkamitvā, apasakkitvā, ṭhitattā vokkantā sukkamūlā, punappunaṃ jāyanamīyanasabhāvattā jātimaraṇagāmino saṃsāraṃ nātivattantīti attho.
Yesañca hiriottappanti yesaṃ pana parisuddhamatīnaṃ sattānaṃ hirī ca ottappañcāti ime dhammā sadā sabbakālaṃ rattindivaṃ navamajjhimattherakālesu sammā upagamma ṭhitā pāpā jigucchantā bhāyantā tadaṅgādivasena pāpaṃ pajahantā. Virūḷhabrahmacariyāti sāsanabrahmacariye maggabrahmacariye ca virūḷhaṃ āpannā, aggamaggādhigamena sabbaso santakilesatāya santaguṇatāya vā santo, punabbhavassa khepitattā khīṇapunabbhavā hontīti.
Pañcamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Ajātasuttavaṇṇanā
43. Chaṭṭhe atthi, bhikkhaveti kā uppatti? Ekadivasaṃ kira bhagavatā anekapariyāyena saṃsāre ādīnavaṃ pakāsetvā tadupasamanādivasena nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammadesanāya katāya bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi ‘‘ayaṃ saṃsāro bhagavatā avijjādīhi kāraṇehi sahetuko vutto, nibbānassa pana tadupasamassa na kiñci kāraṇaṃ vuttaṃ, tayidaṃ ahetukaṃ kathaṃ saccikaṭṭhaparamatthena upalabbhatī’’ti. Atha bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vimatividhamanatthañceva, ‘‘idha samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ‘nibbānaṃ nibbāna’nti vācāvatthumattameva, natthi hi paramatthato nibbānaṃ nāma anupalabbhamānasabhāvattā’’ti lokāyatikādayo viya vippaṭipannānaṃ bahiddhā ca puthudiṭṭhigatikānaṃ micchāvādabhañjanatthañca, amatamahānibbānassa paramatthato atthibhāvadīpanatthaṃ tassa ca nissaraṇabhāvādiānubhāvavantatādīpanatthaṃ pītivegena udānavasena idaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi. Tathā hi idaṃ suttaṃ udānepi (udā. 72-74) saṅgītaṃ.
Tattha atthīti vijjati paramatthato upalabbhati. Ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhatanti sabbānipi padāni aññamaññavevacanāni. Atha vā vedanādayo viya hetupaccayasamavāyasaṅkhātāya kāraṇasāmaggiyā na jātaṃ na nibbattanti ajātaṃ. Kāraṇena vinā sayameva na bhūtaṃ na pātubhūtaṃ na uppannanti abhūtaṃ. Evaṃ ajātattā abhūtattā ca yena kenaci kāraṇena na katanti akataṃ. Jātabhūtakatasabhāvo ca nāmarūpādīnaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ hoti, na asaṅkhatasabhāvassa nibbānassāti dassanatthaṃ asaṅkhatanti vuttaṃ. Paṭilomato vā samecca sambhuyya paccayehi katanti saṅkhataṃ, tathā na saṅkhataṃ, saṅkhatalakkhaṇarahitanti ca asaṅkhatanti evaṃ anekehi kāraṇehi nibbattitabhāve paṭisiddhe ‘‘siyā nu kho ekeneva kāraṇena kata’’nti āsaṅkāyaṃ ‘‘na kenaci kata’’nti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘akata’’nti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ appaccayampi samānaṃ ‘‘sayameva nu kho idaṃ bhūtaṃ pātubhūta’’nti āsaṅkāyaṃ tannivattanatthaṃ ‘‘abhūta’’nti vuttaṃ. Ayañca etassa asaṅkhatākatābhūtabhāvo sabbena sabbaṃ ajātidhammattāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ajāta’’nti vuttanti. Evametesaṃ catunnampi padānaṃ sātthakabhāvo veditabbo.
Iti bhagavā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti paramatthato nibbānassa atthibhāvaṃ vatvā tattha hetuṃ dassento ‘‘no cetaṃ, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepo – bhikkhave, yadi ajātādisabhāvā asaṅkhatā dhātu na abhavissa na siyā, idha loke jātādisabhāvassa rūpādikkhandhapañcakasaṅkhātassa saṅkhāragatassa nissaraṇaṃ anavasesavaṭṭupasamo na paññāyeyya na upalabbheyya na sambhaveyya. Nibbānañhi ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattamānā sammādiṭṭhiādayo ariyamaggadhammā anavasesato kilese samucchindanti, tenettha sabbassapi vaṭṭadukkhassa appavatti apagamo nissaraṇaṃ paññāyati.
Evaṃ byatirekavasena nibbānassa atthibhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni anvayavasenapi taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yasmā ca kho’’tiādi vuttaṃ, taṃ vuttatthameva. Ettha ca yasmā ‘‘apaccayā dhammā, asaṅkhatā dhammā (dha. sa. dukamātikā 7, 8). Atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī (udā. 71). Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo (mahāva. 7; ma. ni. 1.281). Asaṅkhatañca vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi asaṅkhatagāminiñca paṭipada’’ntiādīhi (saṃ. ni. 4.366) anekehi suttapadehi ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajāta’’nti imināpi suttena nibbānadhātuyā paramatthato sabbhāvo sabbalokaṃ anukampamānena sammāsambuddhena desito, tasmā na paṭikkhipitabbaṃ. Tattha appaccakkhakārīnampi viññūnaṃ kaṅkhā vā vimati vā natthi eva. Ye pana abuddhipuggalā, tesaṃ vimativinodanatthaṃ ayamettha adhippāyaniddhāraṇamukhena yuttivicāraṇā – yathā pariññeyyatāya sauttarānaṃ kāmānaṃ rūpānañca paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tabbidhurasabhāvaṃ nissaraṇaṃ paññāyati, evaṃ taṃsabhāvānaṃ sabbesaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtena tabbidhurasabhāvena nissaraṇena bhavitabbaṃ. Yañcetaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, sā asaṅkhatā dhātu. Kiñca bhiyyo, saṅkhatadhammārammaṇaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ api anulomañāṇaṃ kilese samucchedavasena pajahituṃ na sakkoti, tathā sammutisaccārammaṇaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu ñāṇaṃ vikkhambhanavaseneva kilese pajahati, na samucchedavasena. Iti saṅkhatadhammārammaṇassa sammutisaccārammaṇassa ca ñāṇassa kilesānaṃ samucchedappahāne asamatthabhāvato tesaṃ samucchedappahānakarassa ariyamaggañāṇassa tadubhayaviparītasabhāvena ārammaṇena bhavitabbaṃ , sā asaṅkhatā dhātu. Tathā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti idaṃ nibbānassa paramatthato atthibhāvajotakavacanaṃ aviparītatthaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitattā. Yañhi bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ aviparītatthaṃ paramatthanti yathā taṃ ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā, sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā, sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti (dha. pa. 277-279; cūḷani. hemakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 56). Tathā nibbānasaddo katthaci visaye yathābhūtaparamatthavisayo upacāravuttisabbhāvato seyyathāpi sīhasaddo. Atha vā attheva paramatthato asaṅkhatādhātu itaratabbiparītavinimuttasabhāvattā seyyathāpi pathavīdhātu vedanāti. Evamādīhi nayehi yuttitopi asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā paramatthato atthibhāvo veditabbo.
Gāthāsu jātanti jāyanaṭṭhena jātaṃ, jātilakkhaṇappattanti attho. Bhūtanti bhavanaṭṭhena bhūtaṃ, ahutvā sambhūtanti attho. Samuppannanti sahitabhāvena uppannaṃ, sahitehi dhammehi ca uppannanti attho. Katanti kāraṇabhūtehi paccayehi nibbattitaṃ. Saṅkhatanti tehiyeva samecca sambhuyya katanti saṅkhataṃ, sabbametaṃ paccayanibbattassa adhivacanaṃ. Niccasārādivirahitato addhuvaṃ. Jarāya maraṇena ca ekanteneva saṅghaṭitaṃ saṃsaṭṭhanti jarāmaraṇasaṅghātaṃ. ‘‘Jarāmaraṇasaṅghaṭṭa’’ntipi paṭhanti, jarāya maraṇena ca upaddutaṃ pīḷitanti attho. Akkhirogādīnaṃ anekesaṃ rogānaṃ nīḷaṃ kulāvakanti roganīḷaṃ. Sarasato upakkamato ca pabhaṅguparamasīlatāya pabhaṅguraṃ.
Catubbidho āhāro ca taṇhāsaṅkhātā netti ca pabhavo samuṭṭhānaṃ etassāti āhāranettippabhavaṃ. Sabbopi vā paccayo āhāro. Idha pana taṇhāya nettiggahaṇena gahitattā taṇhāvajjā veditabbā. Tasmā āhāro ca netti ca pabhavo etassāti āhāranettippabhavaṃ. Āhāro eva vā nayanaṭṭhena pavattanaṭṭhena nettīti evampi āhāranettippabhavaṃ. Nālaṃ tadabhinanditunti taṃ upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ evaṃ paccayādhīnavuttikaṃ, tato eva aniccaṃ, dukkhañca taṇhādiṭṭhīhi abhinandituṃ assādetuṃ na yuttaṃ.
Tassanissaraṇanti ‘‘jātaṃ bhūta’’ntiādinā vuttassa tassa sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ nikkamo anupasantasabhāvassa rāgādikilesassa sabbasaṅkhārassa ca abhāvena tadupasamabhāvena pasatthabhāvena ca santaṃ, takkañāṇassa agocarabhāvato atakkāvacaraṃ, niccaṭṭhena dhuvaṃ, tato eva ajātaṃ asamuppannaṃ, sokahetūnaṃ abhāvato asokaṃ, vigatarāgādirajattā virajaṃ, saṃsāradukkhaṭṭitehi paṭipajjitabbattā padaṃ, jātiādidukkhadhammānaṃ nirodhahetutāya nirodho dukkhadhammānaṃ, sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ upasamahetutāya saṅkhārūpasamo, tato eva accantasukhatāya sukhoti sabbapadehi amatamahānibbānameva thometi. Evaṃ bhagavā paṭhamagāthāya byatirekavasena, dutiyagāthāya anvayavasena ca nibbānaṃ vibhāvesi.
Chaṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Nibbānadhātusuttavaṇṇanā
44. Sattame dvemāti dve imā. Vānaṃ vuccati taṇhā, nikkhantaṃ vānato, natthi vā ettha vānaṃ, imasmiṃ vā adhigate vānassa abhāvoti nibbānaṃ, tadeva nissattanijjīvaṭṭhena sabhāvadhāraṇaṭṭhena ca dhātūti nibbānadhātu. Yadipi tassā paramatthato bhedo natthi , pariyāyena pana paññāyatīti taṃ pariyāyabhedaṃ sandhāya ‘‘dvemā, bhikkhave, nibbānadhātuyo’’ti vatvā yathādhippetappabhedaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saupādisesā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha taṇhādīhi phalabhāvena upādīyatīti upādi, khandhapañcakaṃ. Upādiyeva sesoti upādiseso, saha upādisesenāti saupādisesā, tadabhāvato anupādisesā.
Arahanti ārakakileso, dūrakilesoti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṃ hoti, ārakāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, saṃkilesikā ponobbhavikā, sadarā dukkhavipākā, āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṃ hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.434).
Khīṇāsavoti kāmāsavādayo cattāropi āsavā arahato khīṇā samucchinnā pahīnā paṭippassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhāti khīṇāsavo. Vusitavāti garusaṃvāsepi ariyamaggepi dasasu ariyavāsesupi vasi parivasi parivuṭṭho vuṭṭhavāso ciṇṇacaraṇoti vusitavā. Katakaraṇīyoti puthujjanakalyāṇakaṃ upādāya satta sekhā catūhi maggehi karaṇīyaṃ karonti nāma, khīṇāsavassa sabbakaraṇīyāni katāni pariyositāni, natthi uttariṃ karaṇīyaṃ dukkhakkhayādhigamāyāti katakaraṇīyo. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘Tassa sammā vimuttassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno;
Katassa paṭicayo natthi, karaṇīyaṃ na vijjatī’’ti. (a. ni. 6.55; mahāva. 244);
Ohitabhāroti tayo bhārā – khandhabhāro, kilesabhāro, abhisaṅkhārabhāroti. Tassime tayopi bhārā ohitā oropitā nikkhittā pātitāti ohitabhāro. Anuppattasadatthoti anuppatto sadatthaṃ, sakatthanti vuttaṃ hoti, kakārassa dakāro kato. Anuppatto sadattho etenāti anuppattasadattho, sadatthoti ca arahattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañhi attupanibandhaṭṭhena attano avijahanaṭṭhena attano paramatthena ca attano atthattā sakattho hoti. Parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanoti kāmarāgasaṃyojanaṃ, paṭighasaṃyojanaṃ, mānadiṭṭhivicikicchāsīlabbataparāmāsabhavarāgaissāmacchariyaavijjāsaṃyojananti imāni satte bhavesu. Bhavaṃ vā bhavena saṃyojenti upanibandhantīti bhavasaṃyojanāni nāma. Tāni arahato parikkhīṇāni, pahīnāni, ñāṇagginā, daḍḍhānīti parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano. Sammadaññā vimuttoti ettha sammadaññāti sammā aññāya, idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – khandhānaṃ khandhaṭṭhaṃ, āyatanānaṃ āyatanaṭṭhaṃ, dhātūnaṃ suññaṭṭhaṃ, dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭhaṃ, samudayassa pabhavaṭṭhaṃ, nirodhassa santaṭṭhaṃ, maggassa dassanaṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti evamādibhedaṃ vā sammā yathābhūtaṃ aññāya jānitvā tīrayitvā tulayitvā vibhāvetvā vibhūtaṃ katvā. Vimuttoti dve vimuttiyo cittassa ca vimutti nibbānañca. Arahā hi sabbakilesehi vimuttattā cittavimuttiyāpi vimutto, nibbānepi vimuttoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sammadaññā vimutto’’ti.
Tassa tiṭṭhanteva pañcindriyānīti tassa arahato carimabhavahetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ yāva na khīyati, tāva tiṭṭhantiyeva cakkhādīni pañcindriyāni. Avighātattāti anuppādanirodhavasena aniruddhattā. Manāpāmanāpanti iṭṭhāniṭṭhaṃ rūpādigocaraṃ. Paccanubhotīti vindati paṭilabhati. Sukhadukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvedetīti vipākabhūtaṃ sukhañca dukkhañca paṭisaṃvedeti tehi dvārehi paṭilabhati.
Ettāvatā upādisesaṃ dassetvā idāni saupādisesaṃ nibbānadhātuṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tassa yo’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha tassāti tassa saupādisesassa sato arahato. Yo rāgakkhayoti rāgassa khayo khīṇākāro abhāvo accantamanuppādo. Esa nayo sesesupi. Ettāvatā rāgādikkhayo saupādisesā nibbānadhātūti dassitaṃ hoti.
Idhevāti imasmiṃyeva attabhāve. Sabbavedayitānīti sukhādayo sabbā abyākatavedanā, kusalākusalavedanā pana pubbeyeva pahīnāti. Anabhinanditānīti taṇhādīhi na abhinanditāni. Sītibhavissantīti accantavūpasamena saṅkhāradarathapaṭippassaddhiyā sītalī bhavissanti, appaṭisandhikanirodhena nirujjhissantīti attho. Na kevalaṃ vedayitāniyeva, sabbepi pana khīṇāsavasantāne pañcakkhandhā nirujjhissanti, vedayitasīsena desanā katā.
Gāthāsu cakkhumatāti buddhacakkhu, dhammacakkhu, dibbacakkhu, paññācakkhu, samantacakkhūti pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumatā. Anissitenāti taṇhādiṭṭhinissayavasena kañci dhammaṃ anissitena, rāgabandhanādīhi vā abandhena. Tādināti chaḷaṅgupekkhāvasena sabbattha iṭṭhādīsu ekasabhāvatāsaṅkhātena tādilakkhaṇena tādinā. Diṭṭhadhammikāti imasmiṃ attabhāve bhavā vattamānā. Bhavanettisaṅkhayāti bhavanettiyā taṇhāya parikkhayā. Samparāyikāti samparāye khandhabhedato parabhāge bhavā. Yamhīti yasmiṃ anupādisesanibbāne. Bhavānīti liṅgavipallāsena vuttaṃ, upapattibhavā sabbaso anavasesā nirujjhanti, na pavattanti.
Teti te evaṃ vimuttacittā. Dhammasārādhigamāti vimuttisārattā imassa dhammavinayassa, dhammesu sārabhūtassa arahattassa adhigamanato. Khayeti rāgādikkhayabhūte nibbāne ratā abhiratā. Atha vā niccabhāvato seṭṭhabhāvato ca dhammesu sāranti dhammasāraṃ, nibbānaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ (dha. pa. 273), virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34) ca. Tassa dhammasārassa adhigamahetu khaye sabbasaṅkhāraparikkhaye anupādisesanibbāne ratā. Pahaṃsūti pajahiṃsu. Teti nipātamattaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Sattamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Paṭisallānasuttavaṇṇanā
45. Aṭṭhame paṭisallānarāmāti tehi tehi sattasaṅkhārehi paṭinivattitvā sallānaṃ paṭisallānaṃ, ekavihāro ekamantasevitā, kāyavivekoti attho. Taṃ paṭisallānaṃ ramanti rocantīti paṭisallānarāmā. ‘‘Paṭisallānārāmā’’tipi pāṭho. Yathā vuttaṃ paṭisallānaṃ āramitabbato ārāmo etesanti paṭisallānārāmā. Viharathāti evaṃbhūtā hutvā viharathāti attho. Paṭisallāne ratā niratā sammuditāti paṭisallānaratā. Ettāvatā jāgariyānuyogo, tassa nimittabhūtā vūpakaṭṭhakāyatā ca dassitā. Jāgariyānuyogo, sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu, guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, satisampajaññanti imehi dhammehi vinā na vattatīti tepi idha atthato vuttā evāti veditabbā.
Ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyuttāti attano cittasamathe anuyuttā. Ajjhattaṃ attanoti ca etaṃ ekatthaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Bhummatthe cetaṃ samathanti anusaddayogena upayogavacanaṃ. Anirākatajjhānāti bahi anīhatajjhānā avināsitajjhānā vā. Nīharaṇaṃ vināso vāti idaṃ nirākataṃ nāma ‘‘thambhaṃ niraṃkatvā nivātavuttī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 328) viya. Vipassanāya samannāgatāti sattavidhāya anupassanāya yuttā. Sattavidhā anupassanā nāma aniccānupassanā, dukkhānupassanā, anattānupassanā, nibbidānupassanā, virāgānupassanā, nirodhānupassanā, paṭinissaggānupassanā ca, tā visuddhimagge vitthāritāva.
Brūhetāro suññāgārānanti vaḍḍhetāro suññāgārānaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘suññāgārāna’’nti yaṃkiñci vivittaṃ bhāvanānuyogassa anucchavikaṭṭhānaṃ. Samathavipassanāvasena kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā rattindivaṃ suññāgāraṃ pavisitvā bhāvanānuyogavasena nisīdamānā bhikkhū ‘‘brūhetāro suññāgārāna’’nti veditabbā. Ekabhūmikādipāsādepi pana vāsaṃ kurumānā jhāyino suññāgārānaṃ brūhetārotveva veditabbā.
Ettha ca yā ‘‘paṭisallānarāmā, bhikkhave, viharatha paṭisallānaratā’’ti vūpakaṭṭhakāyatā vihitā, sā parisuddhasīlassa, na asīlassa avisuddhasīlassa vā tassa rūpārammaṇādito cittavinivattanasseva abhāvatoti atthato sīlavisuddhi dassitāti vuttovāyamattho. ‘‘Ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyuttā anirākatajjhānā’’ti padadvayena samādhibhāvanā, ‘‘vipassanāya samannāgatā’’ti iminā paññābhāvanā vihitāti lokiyā tisso sikkhā dassitā.
Idāni tāsu patiṭṭhitassa avassaṃbhāviphalaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘paṭisallānarāmāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha brūhetānanti vaḍḍhetānaṃ. Dvinnaṃ phalānanti tatiyacatutthaphalānaṃ. Pāṭikaṅkhanti icchitabbaṃ avassaṃbhāvī. Aññāti arahattaṃ. Tañhi heṭṭhimamaggañāṇehi ñātamariyādaṃ anatikkamitvā jānanato paripuṇṇajānanattā upari jānanakiccābhāvato ca ‘‘aññā’’ti vuccati. Sati vā upādiseseti sati vā kilesūpādisese, pahātuṃ asakkuṇeyye sati. Ñāṇe hi aparipakke ye tena paripakkena pahātabbakilesā, te na pahīyanti. Taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘sati vā upādisese’’ti. Sati ca kilese khandhābhisaṅkhārā tiṭṭhanti eva. Iti imasmiṃ sutte anāgāmiphalaṃ arahattanti dve dhammā dassitā. Yathā cettha, evaṃ ito paresu dvīsu suttesu.
Gāthāsu ye santacittāti ye yogāvacarā tadaṅgavasena vikkhambhanavaseva ca samitakilesatāya santacittā. Nepakkaṃ vuccati paññā, tāya samannāgatattā nipakā. Iminā tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇañāṇaṃ dasseti. Satimantoca jhāyinoti ṭhānanisajjādīsu kammaṭṭhānāvijahanahetubhūtāya satiyā satimanto, ārammaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇena jhānena jhāyino. Sammā dhammaṃ vipassanti, kāmesu anapekkhinoti pubbeyeva ‘‘aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.234; pāci. 417) vatthukāmesu kilesakāmesu ca ādīnavapaccavekkhaṇena anapekkhino anatthikā te pahāya adhigataṃ upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā pādakaṃ katvā nāmarūpaṃ tassa paccaye ca pariggahetvā kalāpasammasanādikkamena sammā aviparītaṃ pañcakkhandhadhammaṃ aniccādito vipassanti.
Appamādaratāti vuttappakārāya samathavipassanābhāvanāya appamajjane ratā abhiratā tattha appamādeneva rattindivaṃ vītināmentā. Santāti samānā. ‘‘Sattā’’tipi pāṭho, puggalāti attho. Pamāde bhayadassinoti nirayūpapattiādikaṃ pamāde bhayaṃ passantā. Abhabbā parihānāyāti te evarūpā samathavipassanādhammehi maggaphalehi vā parihānāya abhabbā. Samathavipassanāto hi sampattato na parihāyanti, itarāni ca appattāni pāpuṇanti. Nibbānasseva santiketi nibbānassa ca anupādāparinibbānassa ca santike eva, na cirasseva naṃ adhigamissantīti.
Aṭṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Sikkhānisaṃsasuttavaṇṇanā
46. Navame sikkhānisaṃsāti ettha sikkhitabbāti sikkhā, sā tividhā adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhāti. Tividhāpi cesā sikkhā ānisaṃsā etesaṃ, na lābhasakkārasilokāti sikkhānisaṃsā. Viharathāti sikkhānisaṃsā hutvā viharatha, tīsu sikkhāsu ānisaṃsadassāvino hutvā tāhi sikkhāhi laddhabbaṃ ānisaṃsameva sampassantā viharathāti attho. Paññuttarāti tāsu sikkhāsu yā adhipaññāsikkhāsaṅkhātā paññā, sā uttarā padhānā visiṭṭhā etesanti paññuttarā. Ye hi sikkhānisaṃsā viharanti, te paññuttarā bhavantīti. Vimuttisārāti arahattaphalasaṅkhātā vimutti sāraṃ etesanti vimuttisārā, yathāvuttaṃ vimuttiṃyeva sārato gahetvā ṭhitāti attho. Ye hi sikkhānisaṃsā paññuttarā ca, na te bhavavisesaṃ patthenti, apica kho vibhavaṃ ākaṅkhantā vimuttiṃyeva sārato paccenti. Satādhipateyyāti jeṭṭhakakaraṇaṭṭhena sati adhipateyyaṃ etesanti satādhipateyyā adhipati eva adhipateyyanti katvā, catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittā kāyānupassanādimukhena samathavipassanābhāvanānuyuttāti attho.
Atha vā sikkhānisaṃsāti bhikkhave, evarūpe dullabhakkhaṇapaṭilābhe tividhasikkhāsikkhanameva ānisaṃsaṃ katvā viharatha, evaṃ viharantā ca paññuttarā paññāya uttarā lokuttarapaññāya samannāgatā hutvā viharatha, evaṃbhūtā ca vimuttisārā nibbānasārā anaññasārā viharatha. Tathābhāvassa cāyaṃ upāyo, yaṃ satādhipateyyā viharatha, satipaṭṭhānabhāvanāya yuttappayuttā hotha, sabbattha vā satārakkhena cetasā viharathāti evamettha attho veditabbo. Iti bhagavā tīsu sikkhāsu bhikkhū niyojento yathā tā sikkhitabbā, yena ca pāripūriṃ gacchanti, taṃ saṅkhepeneva dassetvā idāni yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamānānaṃ phalavisesadassanena tassā paṭipattiyā amoghabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘sikkhānisaṃsāna’’ntiādimāha. Taṃ vuttatthameva.
Gāthāsu paripuṇṇasikkhanti aggaphalappattiyā parisuddhasikkhaṃ, asekkhanti attho. Apahānadhammanti ettha pahānadhammā vuccanti kuppā vimuttiyo. Pahānadhammoti hi hānadhammo kuppadhammo. Na pahānadhammoti apahānadhammo, akuppadhammo. ‘‘Appahānadhammo’’tipi pāḷi, so eva attho. Khayo eva antoti khayanto, jātiyā khayanto jātikhayanto, nibbānaṃ. Khayo vā maraṇaṃ, jātikhayanto nibbānameva, tassa diṭṭhattā jātikhayantadassī.
Tasmāti yasmā sikkhāpāripūriyā ayaṃ jarāpāraṅgamanapariyosāno ānisaṃso, tasmā. Sadāti sabbakālaṃ. Jhānaratāti lakkhaṇūpanijjhāne, ārammaṇūpanijjhāneti duvidhepi jhāne ratā, tato eva samāhitā. Māraṃ sasenaṃ abhibhuyyāti kilesasenāya anaṭṭhasenāya ca sasenaṃ anavasiṭṭhaṃ catubbidhampi māraṃ abhibhavitvā. Devaputtamārassapi hi guṇamāraṇe sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kilesā ‘‘senā’’ti vuccanti. Tathā rogādayo anaṭṭhā maccumārassa. Yathāha –
‘‘Kāmā te paṭhamā senā, dutiyā arati vuccati;
Tatiyā khuppipāsā te, catutthī taṇhā pavuccati.
‘‘Pañcamī thinamiddhaṃ te, chaṭṭhā bhīrū pavuccati;
Sattamī vicikicchā te, makkho thambho ca aṭṭhamo.
‘‘Lābho siloko sakkāro, micchāladdho ca yo yaso;
Yo cattānaṃ samukkaṃse, pare ca avajānati.
‘‘Esā namuci te senā, kaṇhassābhippahārinī;
Na naṃ asūro jināti, jetvā ca labhate sukha’’nti. (su. ni. 438-441; mahāni. 28);
Yathā cāha –
‘‘Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā’’ti. (ma. ni. 3.280; jā. 2.22.121);
Bhavatha jātimaraṇassa pāragāti jātiyā maraṇassa ca pāragāmino nibbānagāmino bhavathāti.
Navamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Jāgariyasuttavaṇṇanā
47. Dasame jāgaroti jāgarako vigataniddo jāgariyaṃ anuyutto, rattindivaṃ kammaṭṭhānamanasikāre yuttappayuttoti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyutto hoti? Idha bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti, rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti, rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā, rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ bhikkhu pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyutto hotī’’ti (vibha. 519).
Casaddo sampiṇḍanattho, tena vakkhamāne satādibhāve sampiṇḍeti. Assāti siyā, bhaveyyāti attho. ‘‘Jāgaro ca bhikkhu vihareyyā’’ti ca paṭhanti. Sabbattha sabbadā ca kammaṭṭhānāvijahanavasena satiavippavāsena sato sampajānoti sattaṭṭhāniyassa catubbidhassapi sampajaññassa vasena sampajāno. Samāhitoti upacārasamādhinā appanāsamādhinā ca samāhito ekaggacitto. Pamuditoti paṭipattiyā ānisaṃsadassanena uttaruttari visesādhigamena vīriyārambhassa ca amoghabhāvadassanena pamudito pāmojjabahulo. Vippasannoti tato eva paṭipattibhūtāsu tīsu sikkhāsu paṭipattidesake ca satthari saddhābahulatāya suṭṭhu pasanno. Sabbattha assāti sambandho vihareyyāti vā.
Tattha kālavipassī ca kusalesu dhammesūti tasmiṃ kāle vipassako, tattha vā kammaṭṭhānānuyoge kālavipassī kālānurūpaṃ vipassako. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā kalāpasammasanādivasena sammasanto āvāsādike satta asappāye vajjetvā sappāye sevanto antarā vosānaṃ anāpajjitvā pahitatto cittassa samāhitākāraṃ sallakkhento sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ aniccānupassanādiṃ pavattento yasmiṃ kāle vipassanācittaṃ līnaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ dhammavicayavīriyapītisaṅkhātesu, yasmiṃ pana kāle cittaṃ uddhataṃ hoti, tasmiṃ passaddhisamādhiupekkhāsaṅkhātesu kusalesu anavajjesu bojjhaṅgadhammesūti evaṃ tattha tasmiṃ tasmiṃ kāle, tasmiṃ vā kammaṭṭhānānuyoge kālānurūpaṃ vipassako assāti. Satisambojjhaṅgo pana sabbattheva icchitabbo . Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘satiñca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234; mi. pa. 2.1.13). Ettāvatā puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya jāgariyaṃ dassetvā yehi dhammehi jāgariyānuyogo sampajjati, te pakāseti.
Evaṃ bhagavā āraddhavipassakassa bhikkhuno saṅkhepeneva saddhiṃ upakārakadhammehi sammasanacāraṃ dassetvā idāni tathā paṭipajjantassa paṭipattiyā avañjhabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘jāgarassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno’’tiādimāha. Tattha jāgariyānuyoge satisampajaññasamādānāni sabbatthakāni sammodapasādāvahāni, tattha kālavipassanā nāma vipassanāya gabbhaggahaṇaṃ paripākagataṃ. Upakkilesavimutte hi vīthipaṭipanne vipassanāñāṇe tikkhe sūre vahante yogino uḷāraṃ pāmojjaṃ pasādo ca hoti, tehi ca visesādhigamassa santikeyeva. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
Labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānataṃ.
‘‘Pāmojjabahulo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasāsane;
Adhigacche padaṃ santaṃ, saṅkhārūpasamaṃ sukha’’nti. (dha. pa. 374, 381);
Gāthāsu jāgarantā suṇāthetanti etaṃ mama vacanaṃ ekanteneva pamādaniddāya avijjāniddāya pabodhanatthaṃ jāgarantā satisampajaññādidhammasamāyogena jāgariyaṃ anuyuttā suṇātha. Ye suttā te pabujjhathāti ye yathāvuttaniddāya suttā supanaṃ upagatā, te tumhe jāgariyānuyogavasena indriyabalabojjhaṅge saṅkaḍḍhitvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpentā appamādapaṭipattiyā tato pabujjhatha atha vā jāgarantāti jāgaranimittā. ‘‘Suṇātheta’’nti ettha ‘‘eta’’nti vuttaṃ, kiṃ taṃ vacananti āha ‘‘ye suttā te pabujjhathā’’tiādi. Tattha ye suttāti ye kilesaniddāya suttā, te tumhe ariyamaggapaṭibodhena pabujjhatha. Suttā jāgaritaṃ seyyoti idaṃ pabodhassa kāraṇavacanaṃ. Yasmā yathāvuttasupato vuttappakāraṃ jāgaritaṃ jāgaraṇaṃ atthakāmassa kulaputtassa seyyo pāsaṃsataro hitasukhāvaho, tasmā pabujjhatha. Natthi jāgarato bhayanti idaṃ tattha ānisaṃsadassanaṃ. Yo hi saddhādīhi jāgaraṇadhammehi samannāgamena jāgaro jaggati, pamādaniddaṃ na upagacchati, tassa attānuvādabhayaṃ parānuvādabhayaṃ daṇḍabhayaṃ duggatibhayaṃ jātiādinimittaṃ sabbampi vaṭṭabhayaṃ natthi.
Kālenāti āvāsasappāyādīnaṃ laddhakālena. Soti nipātamattaṃ. Sammādhammaṃ parivīmaṃsamānoti vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtaṃ tebhūmakadhammaṃ sammā ñāyena yathā nibbindanavirajjanādayo sambhavanti, evaṃ parito vīmaṃsanto, sabbākārena vipassantoti attho. Ekodibhūtoti eko seṭṭho hutvā udetīti ekodi, samādhi. So ekodi bhūto jāto uppanno etassāti ekodibhūto. Aggiāhitādisaddānaṃ viya ettha bhūtasaddassa paravacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ekodiṃ vā bhūto pattoti ekodibhūto. Ettha ca ekodīti maggasamādhi adhippeto, ‘‘samāhito’’ti ettha pana pādakajjhānasamādhinā saddhiṃ vipassanāsamādhi. Atha vā kālenāti maggapaṭivedhakālena. Sammā dhammaṃ parivīmaṃsamānoti sammadeva catusaccadhammaṃ pariññābhisamayādivasena vīmaṃsanto, ekābhisamayena abhisamento. Ekodibhūtoti eko seṭṭho asahāyo vā hutvā udetīti ekodi, catukiccasādhako sammappadhāno. So ekodi bhūto jātoti sabbaṃ purimasadisameva. Vihane tamaṃ soti so evaṃbhūto ariyasāvako arahattamaggena avijjātamaṃ anavasesato vihaneyya samucchindeyya.
Iti bhagavā paṭipattiyā amoghabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni tattha daḷhaṃ niyojento ‘‘tasmā have’’ti osānagāthamāha. Tattha tasmāti yasmā jāgarato satiavippavāsādinā samathavipassanābhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchati, anukkamena ariyamaggo pātubhavati, tato cassa sabbaṃ vaṭṭabhayaṃ natthi, tasmā. Haveti ekaṃsena daḷhaṃ vā. Bhajethāti bhajeyya. Evaṃ jāgariyaṃ bhajanto ca ātāpibhāvādiguṇayutto bhikkhu saṃyojanāni bhinditvā aggaphalañāṇasaṅkhātaṃ anuttaraṃ uttararahitaṃ sambodhiṃ phuse pāpuṇeyya. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Dasamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
11. Āpāyikasuttavaṇṇanā
48. Ekādasame āpāyikāti apāye nibbattissantīti āpāyikā. Tatthāpi niraye nibbattissantīti nerayikā. Idamappahāyāti idaṃ idāni vakkhamānaṃ duvidhaṃ pāpasamācāraṃ appajahitvā, tathāpaṭipattitathāpaggahaṇavasena pavattaṃ vācaṃ cittaṃ diṭṭhiñca appaṭinissajjitvāti attho. Abrahmacārīti brahmaseṭṭhaṃ caratīti brahmacārī, brahmā vā seṭṭho ācāro etassa atthīti brahmacārī, na brahmacārīti abrahmacārī, brahmacāripaṭirūpako dussīloti attho. Brahmacāripaṭiññoti ‘‘brahmacārī aha’’nti evaṃpaṭiñño. Paripuṇṇanti akhaṇḍādibhāvena avikalaṃ. Parisuddhanti upakkilesābhāvena parisuddhaṃ. Amūlakenāti diṭṭhādimūlavirahitena, diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ parisaṅkitanti imehi codanāmūlehi vajjitena. Abrahmacariyena aseṭṭhacariyena. Anuddhaṃsetīti ‘‘parisuddho aya’’nti jānantova pārājikavatthunā dhaṃseti padhaṃseti, codeti akkosati vā.
Gāthāsu abhūtavādīti parassa dosaṃ adisvāva abhūtena tucchena musāvādaṃ katvā paraṃ abbhācikkhanto. Katvāti yo vā pana pāpakammaṃ katvā ‘‘nāhaṃ etaṃ karomī’’ti āha. Ubhopi te pecca samā bhavantīti te ubhopi janā ito paralokaṃ gantvā nirayaṃ upagamanato gatiyā samānā bhavanti. Tattha gatiyeva nesaṃ paricchinnā, na pana āyu. Bahuñhi pāpaṃ katvā ciraṃ niraye paccati, parittaṃ katvā appamattakameva kālaṃ. Yasmā pana tesaṃ ubhinnampi kammaṃ lāmakameva. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘nihīnakammā manujā paratthā’’ti. ‘‘Paratthā’’ti pana padassa purato ‘‘peccā’’ti padena sambandho – parattha pecca ito gantvā te nihīnakammā samā bhavantīti.
Evaṃ bhagavā abhūtabbhakkhānavasena bhūtadosapaṭicchādanavasena ca pavattassa musāvādassa vipākaṃ dassetvā idāni tasmiṃ ṭhāne nisinnānaṃ bahūnaṃ pāpabhikkhūnaṃ duccaritakammassa vipākadassanena saṃvejanatthaṃ dve gāthā abhāsi. Tattha kāsāvakaṇṭhāti kasāvarasapītattā kāsāvena vatthena paliveṭhitakaṇṭhā. Pāpadhammāti lāmakadhammā. Asaññatāti kāyādīhi saññamarahitā. Pāpāti tathārūpā pāpapuggalā, pāpehi kammehi upapajjitvā ‘‘tassa kāyopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, saṅghāṭipi ādittā’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.218-219; pārā. 230) lakkhaṇasaṃyutte vuttanayena mahādukkhaṃ anubhavantiyeva.
Tatiyagāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – yañce bhuñjeyya dussīlo nissīlapuggalo kāyādīhi asaññato raṭṭhavāsīhi saddhāya dinnaṃ yaṃ raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ ‘‘samaṇomhī’’ti paṭijānanto gahetvā bhuñjeyya, tato āditto aggivaṇṇo ayoguḷova bhutto seyyo sundarataro. Kiṃkāraṇā? Tappaccayā hissa ekova attabhāvo jhāyeyya, dussīlo pana hutvā saddhādeyyaṃ bhuñjitvā anekānipi jātisatāni niraye uppajjeyyāti.
Ekādasamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
12. Diṭṭhigatasuttavaṇṇanā
49. Dvādasame dvīhi diṭṭhigatehīti ettha diṭṭhiyova diṭṭhigatāni ‘‘gūthagataṃ muttagata’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 9.11) viya. Gahitākārasuññatāya vā diṭṭhīnaṃ gatamattānīti diṭṭhigatāni, tehi diṭṭhigatehi. Pariyuṭṭhitāti abhibhūtā palibuddhā vā. Palibodhattho vāpi hi pariyuṭṭhānasaddo ‘‘corā magge pariyuṭṭhiṃsū’’tiādīsu (cūḷava. 430) viya. Devāti upapattidevā. Te hi dibbanti uḷāratamehi kāmaguṇehi jhānādīhi ca kīḷanti, iddhānubhāvena vā yathicchitamatthaṃ gacchanti adhigacchantīti ca devāti vuccanti. Manassa ussannattā manussā, ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena cetaṃ vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti. Olīyanti eketi ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti bhavesu olīyanābhinivesabhūtena sassatabhāvena ekacce devā manussā ca avalīyanti allīyanti saṅkocaṃ āpajjanti, na tato nissaranti. Atidhāvantīti paramatthato bhinnasabhāvānampi sabhāvadhammānaṃ yvāyaṃ hetuphalabhāvena sambandho, taṃ aggahetvā nānattanayassapi gahaṇena tattha tattheva dhāvanti, tasmā ‘‘ucchijjati attā ca loko ca, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā’’ti ucchede vā bhavanirodhapaṭipattiyā paṭikkhepadhammataṃ atidhāvanti atikkamanti. Cakkhumanto ca passantīti casaddo byatireke. Pubbayogasampattiyā ñāṇaparipākena paññācakkhumanto pana devamanussā teneva paññācakkhunā sassataṃ ucchedañca antadvayaṃ anupagamma majjhimapaṭipattidassanena paccakkhaṃ karonti. Te hi ‘‘nāmarūpamattamidaṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ, tasmā na sassataṃ, nāpi ucchijjatī’’ti aviparītato passanti.
Evaṃ olīyanādike puggalādhiṭṭhānena uddisituṃ ‘‘kathañca, bhikkhave’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha bhavāti kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo. Aparepi tayo bhavā saññībhavo, asaññībhavo, nevasaññīnāsaññībhavo. Aparepi tayo bhavā ekavokārabhavo, catuvokārabhavo, pañcavokārabhavoti. Etehi bhavehi āramanti abhinandantīti bhavārāmā. Bhavesu ratā abhiratāti bhavaratā. Bhavesu suṭṭhu muditāti bhavasammuditā. Bhavanirodhāyāti tesaṃ bhavānaṃ accantanirodhāya anuppādanatthāya. Dhamme desiyamāneti tathāgatappavedite niyyānikadhamme vuccamāne. Na pakkhandatīti sassatābhiniviṭṭhattā saṃkhittadhammattā na pavisati na ogāhati. Na pasīdatīti pasādaṃ nāpajjati na taṃ saddahati. Na santiṭṭhatīti tassaṃ desanāyaṃ na tiṭṭhati nādhimuccati. Evaṃ sassatato abhinivisanena bhavesu olīyanti.
Aṭṭīyamānāti bhave jarārogamaraṇādīni vadhabandhanacchedanādīni ca disvā saṃvijjanena tehi samaṅgibhāvena bhavena pīḷiyamānā dukkhāpiyamānā. Harāyamānāti lajjamānā jigucchamānāti paṭikūlato dahantā. Vibhavanti ucchedaṃ. Abhinandantīti taṇhādiṭṭhābhinandanāhi ajjhosāya nandanti. Yatokirabhotiādi tesaṃ abhinandanākāradassanaṃ. Tattha yatoti yadā. Bhoti ālapanaṃ. Ayaṃ attāti kārakādibhāvena attanā parikappitaṃ sandhāya vadati. Ucchijjatīti upacchijjati. Vinassatīti na dissati, vināsaṃ abhāvaṃ gacchati. Na hoti paraṃ maraṇāti maraṇena uddhaṃ na bhavati. Etaṃ santanti yadetaṃ attano ucchedādi, etaṃ sabbabhavavūpasamato sabbasantāpavūpasamato ca santaṃ, santattā eva paṇītaṃ, tacchāviparītabhāvato yāthāvaṃ. Tattha ‘‘santaṃ paṇīta’’nti idaṃ dvayaṃ taṇhābhinandanāya vadanti, ‘‘yāthāva’’nti diṭṭhābhinandanāya. Evanti evaṃ yathāvuttaucchedābhinivesanena.
Bhūtanti khandhapañcakaṃ. Tañhi paccayasambhūtattā paramatthato vijjamānattā ca bhūtanti vuccati. Tenāha ‘‘bhūtamidaṃ, bhikkhave, samanupassathā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.401). Bhūtato aviparītasabhāvato salakkhaṇato sāmaññalakkhaṇato ca passati. Idañhi khandhapañcakaṃ nāmarūpamattaṃ. Tattha ‘‘ime pathavīādayo dhammā rūpaṃ, ime phassādayo dhammā nāmaṃ, imāni nesaṃ lakkhaṇādīni, ime nesaṃ avijjādayo paccayā’’ti evaṃ sapaccayanāmarūpadassanavasena ceva, ‘‘sabbepime dhammā ahutvā sambhonti, hutvā paṭiventi, tasmā aniccā, aniccattā dukkhā, dukkhattā anattā’’ti evaṃ aniccānupassanādivasena ca passatīti attho. Ettāvatā taruṇavipassanāpariyosānā vipassanābhūmi dassitā. Nibbidāyāti bhūtasaṅkhātassa tebhūmakadhammajātassa nibbindanatthāya, etena balavavipassanaṃ dasseti. Virāgāyāti virāgatthaṃ virajjanatthaṃ, iminā maggaṃ dasseti. Nirodhāyāti nirujjhanatthaṃ, imināpi maggameva dasseti. Nirodhāyāti vā paṭippassaddhinirodhena saddhiṃ anupādisesanibbānaṃ dasseti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cakkhumanto passantīti evaṃ paññācakkhumanto sapubbabhāgena maggapaññācakkhunā catusaccadhammaṃ passanti.
Gāthāsu ye bhūtaṃ bhūtato disvāti ye ariyasāvakā bhūtaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ bhūtato aviparītasabhāvato vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya disvā. Etena pariññābhisamayaṃ dasseti. Bhūtassa ca atikkamanti bhāvanābhisamayaṃ. Ariyamaggo hi bhūtaṃ atikkamati etenāti ‘‘bhūtassa atikkamo’’ti vutto. Yathābhūteti aviparītasaccasabhāve nibbāne. Vimuccanti adhimuccanti, etena sacchikiriyābhisamayaṃ dasseti. Bhavataṇhāparikkhayāti bhavataṇhāya sabbaso khepanā samucchindanato, etena samudayappahānaṃ dasseti.
Save bhūtapariñño soti ettha pana saveti nipātamattaṃ. So bhūtapariñño bhūtassa atikkamanūpāyena maggena bhavataṇhāparikkhayā pariññātakkhandho tato eva yathābhūte nibbāne adhimutto. Bhavābhaveti khuddake ceva mahante ca, ucchedādidassane vā vītataṇho bhinnakileso. Bhikkhu bhūtassa upādānakkhandhasaṅkhātassa attabhāvassa vibhavā, āyatiṃ anuppādā punabbhavaṃ nāgacchati, apaññattikabhāvameva gacchatīti anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.
Iti imasmiṃ vagge ekādasame vaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ, tatiyacatutthapañcamesu pariyosānasutte ca vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ, sesesu vivaṭṭamevāti veditabbaṃ.
Dvādasamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Paramatthadīpaniyā khuddakanikāya-aṭṭhakathāya
Itivuttakassa dukanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
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