Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
Khuddakanikāye
Cariyāpiṭaka-aṭṭhakathā
Ganthārambhakathā
Cariyā sabbalokassa, hitā yassa mahesino;
Acinteyyānubhāvaṃ taṃ, vande lokagganāyakaṃ.
Vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena nīyanti lokato;
Vande tamuttamaṃ dhammaṃ, sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ.
Sīlādiguṇasampanno, ṭhito maggaphalesu yo;
Vande ariyasaṅghaṃ taṃ, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.
Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;
Hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā.
Imasmiṃ bhaddakappasmiṃ, sambhatā yā sudukkarā;
Ukkaṃsapāramippattā, dānapāramitādayo.
Tāsaṃ sambodhicariyānaṃ, ānubhāvavibhāvanaṃ;
Sakkesu nigrodhārāme, vasantena mahesinā.
Yaṃ dhammasenāpatino, sabbasāvakaketuno;
Lokanāthena cariyā-piṭakaṃ nāma desitaṃ.
Yaṃ khuddakanikāyasmiṃ, saṅgāyiṃsu mahesayo;
Dhammasaṅgāhakā satthu, hetusampattidīpanaṃ.
Tassa sambodhisambhāra-vibhāganayayogato;
Kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ, atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā.
Saha saṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā, dharate satthu sāsanaṃ;
Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tiṭṭhateva vinicchayo.
Tasmā taṃ avalambitvā, ogāhitvā ca sabbaso;
Jātakānupanissāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ.
Nissitaṃ vācanāmaggaṃ, suvisuddhamanākulaṃ;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ.
Nītaneyyatthabhedā ca, pāramī paridīpayaṃ;
Karissāmi taṃ cariyā-piṭakassatthavaṇṇanaṃ.
Iti ākaṅkhamānassa, saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiṃ;
Vibhajantassa tassatthaṃ, nisāmayatha sādhavoti.
Tattha cariyāpiṭakanti kenaṭṭhena cariyāpiṭakaṃ? Atītāsu jātīsu satthu cariyānubhāvappakāsinī pariyattīti katvā, pariyattiattho hi ayaṃ piṭakasaddo, ‘‘mā piṭakasampadānenā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) viya. Atha vā yasmā sā pariyatti tasseva satthu purimajātīsu cariyānaṃ ānubhāvappakāsanena bhājanabhūtā, tasmāpi ‘‘cariyāpiṭaka’’nti vuccati, bhājanatthopi hi piṭakasaddo niddiṭṭho ‘‘atha puriso āgaccheyya, kudālapiṭakaṃ ādāyā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.228; a. ni. 3.70) viya. Taṃ panetaṃ cariyāpiṭakaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ, suttantapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpannaṃ. Dīghanikāyo, majjhimanikāyo, saṃyuttanikāyo, aṅguttaranikāyo, khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu nikāyesu khuddakanikāyapariyāpannaṃ. Suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallanti navasu sāsanaṅgesu gāthāsaṅgahaṃ.
‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dvesahassāni bhikkhuto;
Caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino’’ti. (theragā. 1027) –
Evaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭiññātesu caturāsītiyā dhammakkhandhasahassesu katipayadhammakkhandhasaṅgahaṃ. Vaggato akittivaggo, hatthināgavaggo, yudhañjayavaggoti vaggattayasaṅgahaṃ. Cariyato akittivagge dasa, hatthināgavagge dasa, yudhañjayavagge pañcadasāti pañcatiṃsacariyāsaṅgahaṃ. Tīsu vaggesu akittivaggo ādi, cariyāsu akitticariyā. Tassāpi –
‘‘Kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye;
Etthantare yaṃ caritaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ bodhipācana’’nti. –
Ayaṃ gāthā ādi. Tassa ito pabhuti anukkamena atthasaṃvaṇṇanā hoti.
Ganthārambhakathā niṭṭhitā.
Nidānakathā
Sā panāyaṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇanā yasmā dūrenidānaṃ, avidūrenidānaṃ, santikenidānanti imāni tīṇi nidānāni dassetvā vuccamānā suṇantehi samudāgamato paṭṭhāya suṭṭhu viññātā nāma hoti. Tasmā tesaṃ nidānānaṃ ayaṃ vibhāgo veditabbo.
Dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūlasmiñhi katābhinīhārassa mahābodhisattassa yāva tusitabhavane nibbatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo dūrenidānaṃ nāma. Tusitabhavanato paṭṭhāya yāva bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutaññāṇappatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo avidūrenidānaṃ nāma. Mahābodhimaṇḍato pana paṭṭhāya yāva paccuppannavatthu, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo santikenidānaṃ nāma. Imesu tīsu nidānesu yasmā dūrenidānaavidūrenidānāni sabbasādhāraṇāni, tasmā tāni jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (jā. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā) vitthāritanayeneva vitthārato veditabbāni. Santikenidāne pana atthi visesoti tiṇṇampi nidānānaṃ ayamādito paṭṭhāya saṅkhepakathā.
Dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato pādamūle katābhinīhāro bodhisattabhūto lokanātho attano abhinīhārānurūpaṃ samattiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā, sabbaññutaññāṇasambhāraṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā, tusitabhavane nibbatto buddhabhāvāya uppattikālaṃ āgamayamāno, tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto sakyarājakule paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā anantena parihārena mahantena sirisobhaggena vaḍḍhamāno anukkamena yobbanaṃ patvā ekūnatiṃse vayasmiṃ katamahābhinikkhamano, chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ padahitvā, vesākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ bodhirukkhamūle nisinno sūriye anatthaṅgamiteyeva mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā purimayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā, majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā, pacchimayāme diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ khepetvā, anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhimabhisambujjhi.
Tato tattheva sattasattāhe vītināmetvā, āsāḷhipuṇṇamāyaṃ bārāṇasiṃ gantvā isipatane migadāye aññāsikoṇḍaññappamukhā aṭṭhārasa brahmakoṭiyo dhammāmataṃ pāyento, dhammacakkaṃ (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 13 ādayo; paṭi. ma. 2.30) pavattetvā, yasādike veneyye arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā, te sabbeva saṭṭhi arahante lokānuggahāya vissajjetvā, uruvelaṃ gacchanto kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsa bhaddavaggiye sotāpattiphalādīsu patiṭṭhāpetvā, uruvelaṃ gantvā aḍḍhuḍḍhāni pāṭihāriyasahassāni dassetvā uruvelakassapādayo sahassajaṭilaparivāre tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā, tehi parivuto rājagahanagarūpacāre laṭṭhivanuyyāne nisinno bimbisārappamukhe dvādasanahute brāhmaṇagahapatike sāsane otāretvā, magadharājena kārite veḷuvanavihāre viharati.
Athevaṃ bhagavati veḷuvane viharante sāriputtamoggallānesu aggasāvakaṭṭhāne ṭhapitesu sāvakasannipāte jāte, suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘putto kira me chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ caritvā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakko rājagahaṃ nissāya veḷuvane viharatī’’ti sutvā dasapurisasahassaparivāre, anukkamena dasa amacce pesesi ‘‘puttaṃ me idhānetvā dassethā’’ti. Tesu rājagahaṃ gantvā satthu dhammadesanāya arahatte patiṭṭhitesu kāḷudāyittherena rañño adhippāye ārocite bhagavā vīsatisahassakhīṇāsavaparivuto rājagahato nikkhamitvā saṭṭhiyojanaṃ kapilavatthuṃ dvīhi māsehi sampāpuṇi. Sakyarājāno ‘‘amhākaṃ ñātiseṭṭhaṃ passissāmā’’ti sannipatitvā nigrodhārāmaṃ bhagavato ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca vasanayoggaṃ kāretvā, gandhapupphādihatthā paccuggamanaṃ katvā, satthāraṃ nigrodhārāmaṃ pavesesuṃ. Tatra bhagavā vīsatisahassakhīṇāsavaparivuto paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi. Sākiyā mānatthaddhā satthu paṇipātaṃ nākaṃsu. Bhagavā tesaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā mānaṃ bhañjitvā te dhammadesanāya bhājane kātuṃ abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā tesaṃ sīse pādapaṃsuṃ okiramāno viya, kaṇḍambarukkhamūle katapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ loke aggapuggalo’’ti vandi. Raññā pana vandite te ṭhātuṃ nāma na sakkonti, sabbepi sākiyā vandiṃsu.
Tadā kira bhagavā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ karonto lokavivaraṇapāṭihāriyampi akāsi – yasmiṃ vattamāne manussā manussaloke yathāṭhitā yathānisinnāva cātumahārājikato paṭṭhāya yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanā sabbe deve tattha tattha attano bhavane kīḷante dibbānubhāvena jotante mahatiṃ dibbasampattiṃ anubhavante santāni samāpattisukhāni anubhavante aññamaññaṃ dhammaṃ sākacchante ca buddhānubhāvena attano maṃsacakkhunāva passanti. Tathā heṭṭhāpathaviyaṃ aṭṭhasu mahānirayesu, soḷasasu ca ussadanirayesu, lokantaraniraye cāti tattha tattha mahādukkhaṃ anubhavamāne satte passanti. Dasasahassilokadhātuyaṃ devā mahaccadevānubhāvena tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā acchariyabbhutacittajātā pañjalikā namassamānā payirupāsanti, buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttā gāthāyo udāharantā thomenti apphoṭenti hasanti pītisomanassaṃ pavedenti. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Bhummā mahārājikā tāvatiṃsā, yāmā ca devā tusitā ca nimmitā;
Paranimmitā yepi ca brahmakāyikā, ānanditā vipulamakaṃsu ghosa’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 1.6)
Tadā hi dasabalo ‘‘atulaṃ attano buddhabalaṃ dassessāmī’’ti mahākaruṇāya samussāhito ākāse dasasahassacakkavāḷasamāgame caṅkamaṃ māpetvā, dvādasayojanavitthate sabbaratanamaye caṅkame ṭhito yathāvuttaṃ devamanussanayanavihaṅgānaṃ ekanipātabhūtamacchariyaṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ buddhānaṃ samādhiñāṇānubhāvadīpanaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā, puna tasmiṃ caṅkame caṅkamanto veneyyānaṃ ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ acinteyyānubhāvāya anopamāya buddhalīḷāya dhammaṃ desesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Na hete jānanti sadevamānusā, buddho ayaṃ kīdisako naruttamo;
Iddhibalaṃ paññābalañca kīdisaṃ, buddhabalaṃ lokahitassa kīdisaṃ.
‘‘Na hete jānanti sadevamānusā, buddho ayaṃ edisako naruttamo;
Iddhibalaṃ paññābalañca edisaṃ, buddhabalaṃ lokahitassa edisaṃ.
‘‘Handāhaṃ dassayissāmi, buddhabalamanuttaraṃ;
Caṅkamaṃ māpayissāmi, nabhe ratanamaṇḍita’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 1.3-5);
Evaṃ tathāgate attano buddhānubhāvadīpanaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā dhammaṃ desente āyasmā dhammasenāpati sāriputto rājagahe gijjhakūṭapabbate ṭhito dibbacakkhunā passitvā, tena buddhānubhāvasandassanena acchariyabbhutacittajāto ‘‘handāhaṃ bhiyyosomattāya buddhānubhāvaṃ lokassa pākaṭaṃ karissāmī’’ti sañjātaparivitakko attano parivārabhūtānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ tamatthaṃ ārocetvā iddhiyā ākāsena tāvadeva āgantvā saparivāro bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalamañjaliṃ sirasi paggayha tathāgatassa mahābhinīhāraṃ pāramiparipūraṇañca pucchi. Bhagavā taṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā tattha sannipatitamanussānañceva dasasahassacakkavāḷadevabrahmānañca attano buddhānubhāvaṃ paridīpayanto buddhavaṃsaṃ desesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Sāriputto mahāpañño, samādhijjhānakovido;
Paññāya pāramippatto, pucchati lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Kīdiso te mahāvīra, abhinīhāro naruttama;
Kamhi kāle tayā dhīra, patthitā bodhimuttamā.
‘‘Dānaṃ sīlañca nekkhammaṃ, paññā vīriyañca kīdisaṃ;
Khanti saccamadhiṭṭhānaṃ, mettupekkhā ca kīdisā.
‘‘Dasa pāramī tayā dhīra, kīdisī lokanāyaka;
Kathaṃ upapāramī puṇṇā, paramatthapāramī kathaṃ.
‘‘Tassa puṭṭho viyākāsi, karavīkamadhuragiro;
Nibbāpayanto hadayaṃ, hāsayanto sadevaka’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 1.74-78);
Evaṃ bhagavatā buddhavaṃse desite āyasmā dhammasenāpati ‘‘aho buddhānaṃ hetusampadā, aho samudāgamasampatti, aho mahābhinīhārasamijjhanā, dukkaraṃ vata bhagavatā kataṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ evaṃ pāramiyo pūrentena, evaṃvidhassa bodhisambhārasambharaṇassa anucchavikameva cetaṃ phalaṃ, yadidaṃ sabbaññutā balesu ca vasībhāvo evaṃmahiddhikatā evaṃmahānubhāvatā’’ti buddhaguṇārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ pesesi. So anaññasādhāraṇaṃ bhagavato sīlaṃ samādhi paññā vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ hiriottappaṃ saddhāvīriyaṃ satisampajaññaṃ sīlavisuddhi diṭṭhivisuddhi samathavipassanā tīṇi kusalamūlāni tīṇi sucaritāni tayo sammāvitakkā tisso anavajjasaññāyo tisso dhātuyo cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā cattāro ariyamaggā cattāri ariyaphalāni catasso paṭisambhidā catuyoniparicchedakañāṇāni cattāro ariyavaṃsā cattāri vesārajjañāṇāni pañca padhāniyaṅgāni pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi pañcindriyāni pañca balāni pañca nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo pañca vimuttāyatanañāṇāni pañca vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā cha sāraṇīyā dhammā cha anussatiṭṭhānāni cha gāravā cha nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo cha satatavihārā cha anuttariyāni cha nibbedhabhāgiyā saññā cha abhiññā cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni satta aparihāniyā dhammā satta ariyadhanāni satta bojjhaṅgā satta sappurisadhammā satta niddasavatthūni satta saññā satta dakkhiṇeyyapuggaladesanā satta khīṇāsavabaladesanā aṭṭha paññāpaṭilābhahetudesanā aṭṭha sammattāni aṭṭha lokadhammātikkamā aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni aṭṭha akkhaṇadesanā aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā aṭṭha abhibhāyatanadesanā aṭṭha vimokkhā nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni nava sattāvāsadesanā nava āghātappaṭivinayā nava paññā nava nānattadesanā nava anupubbavihārā dasa nāthakaraṇā dhammā dasa kasiṇāyatanāni dasa kusalakammapathā dasa sammattāni dasa ariyavāsā dasa asekkhā dhammā dasa ratanāni dasa tathāgatabalāni ekādasa mettānisaṃsā dvādasa dhammacakkākārā terasa dhutaṅgaguṇā cuddasa buddhañāṇāni pañcadasa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā soḷasavidhā ānāpānassatī soḷasa aparampariyā dhammā aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā ekūnavīsati paccavekkhaṇañāṇāni catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni paññāsa udayabbayañāṇāni paropaṇṇāsa kusaladhammā sattasattati ñāṇavatthūni catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattisañcāritamahāvajirañāṇaṃ anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānapavicayapaccavekkhaṇadesanāñāṇāni tathā anantāsu lokadhātūsu anantānaṃ sattānaṃ āsayādivibhāvanañāṇāni cāti evamādike acinteyyānubhāve buddhaguṇe dhammanvayato anugacchanto anussaranto neva antaṃ, na pamāṇaṃ passi. Thero hi attanopi nāma guṇānaṃ antaṃ vā pamāṇaṃ vā āvajjento na passati, so bhagavato guṇānaṃ pamāṇaṃ kiṃ passissati? Yassa yassa hi paññā mahatī ñāṇaṃ visadaṃ, so so buddhaguṇe mahantato saddahati, iti thero bhagavato guṇānaṃ pamāṇaṃ vā paricchedaṃ vā apassanto ‘‘mādisassa nāma sāvakapāramiñāṇe ṭhitassa buddhaguṇā ñāṇena paricchindituṃ na sakkā, pageva itaresaṃ. Aho acinteyyā aparimeyyabhedā mahānubhāvā sabbaññuguṇā, kevalaṃ panete ekassa buddhañāṇasseva sabbaso gocarā, nāññesaṃ. Kathetuṃ pana sammāsambuddhehipi vitthārato na sakkāyevā’’ti niṭṭhamagamāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ, kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare, vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; udā. aṭṭha. 53);
Evaṃ buddhānaṃ guṇamahantataṃ nissāya uppannabalavapītisomanasso puna cintesi – ‘‘evarūpānaṃ nāma buddhaguṇānaṃ hetubhūtā buddhakārakā dhammā pāramiyo aho mahānubhāvā. Katamāsu nu kho jātīsu pāramitā paripācitā, kathaṃ vā paripākaṃ gatā, handāhaṃ imamatthaṃ pucchanto evampi samudāgamato paṭṭhāya buddhānubhāvaṃ imassa sadevakassa lokassa pākaṭataraṃ karissāmī’’ti. So evaṃ cintetvā bhagavantaṃ imaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘katamāsu nu kho, bhante , jātīsu ime buddhakārakā dhammā paripācitā, kathaṃ vā paripākaṃ gatā’’ti? Athassa bhagavā tasmiṃ ratanacaṅkame tisandhipallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā yugandharapabbate bālasūriyo viya virocamāno nisinno ‘‘sāriputta, mayhaṃ buddhakārakā dhammā samādānato paṭṭhāya nirantaraṃ sakkaccakāritāya vīriyūpatthambhena ca sabbesu kappesu bhavato bhavaṃ jātito jātiṃ paripaccantāyeva ahesuṃ, imasmiṃ pana bhaddakappe imāsu jātīsu te paripakkā jātā’’ti dassento ‘‘kappe ca satasahasse’’tiādinā cariyāpiṭakaṃ buddhāpadāniyanti dutiyābhidhānaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ abhāsi. Apare pana ‘‘ratanacaṅkame caṅkamanto devātidevo devabrahmādīhi pūjiyamāno nigrodhārāme otaritvā vīsatisahassakhīṇāsavaparivuto paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno bhagavā vuttanayeneva āyasmatā sāriputtena pucchito cariyāpiṭakaṃ desesī’’ti vadanti. Ettāvatā dūrenidānaavidūrenidānāni saṅkhepato dassetvā cariyāpiṭakassa santikenidānaṃ vitthārato niddiṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ. Dūrenidānaṃ pana asaṅkhyeyyavibhāvanāyaṃ āvi bhavissatīti.
1. Idāni ‘‘kappe ca satasahasse’’tiādinayappavattāya cariyāpiṭakapāḷiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanā hoti. Tatrāyaṃ kappa-saddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca vitakkavidhānapaṭibhāgapaññattikālaparamāyusamaṇavohārasamantabhāvābhisaddahana- chedanaviniyogavinayakiriyālesantarakappataṇhādiṭṭhiasaṅkhyeyyakappamahākappādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘nekkhammasaṅkappo abyāpādasaṅkappo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.137) vitakke āgato. ‘‘Cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjeyyā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 642) vidhāne, adhikavidhānaṃ āpajjeyyāti attho. ‘‘Satthukappena vata kira, bho, sāvakena saddhiṃ mantayamānā na jānimhā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.260) paṭibhāge. Satthusadisenāti ayañhi tattha attho. ‘‘Idhāyasmā, kappo’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 1098) paññattiyaṃ. ‘‘Yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.387) kāle. ‘‘Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.178; udā. 51) paramāyumhi. Āyukappo hi idha kappoti adhippeto. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcahi samaṇakappehi phalaṃ paribhuñjitu’’ntiādīsu (cūḷava. 250) samaṇavohāre. ‘‘Kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā’’tiādīsu (khu. pā. 5.1; su. ni. maṅgalasutta) samantabhāve. ‘‘Saddhā saddahanā okappanā abhippasādo’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 12) abhisaddahane, saddhāyanti attho. ‘‘Alaṅkato kappitakesamassū’’tiādīsu (vi. va. 1094; jā. 2.22.1368) chedane. ‘‘Evameva ito dinnaṃ, petānaṃ upakappatī’’tiādīsu (khu. pā. 7.7; pe. va. 20) viniyoge. ‘‘Kappakatena akappakataṃ saṃsibbitaṃ hotī’’tiādīsu (pāci. 371) vinayakiriyāyaṃ. ‘‘Atthi kappo nipajjituṃ, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’’tiādīsu lese. ‘‘Āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako…pe… kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti (itivu. 18; cūḷava. 354; kathā. 657, 862) ca ādīsu antarakappe.
‘‘Na kappayanti na purekkharonti, dhammāpi tesaṃ na paṭicchitāse;
Na brāhmaṇo sīlavatena neyyo, pāraṅgato na pacceti tādī’’ti. –
Ādīsu (su. ni. 809) taṇhādiṭṭhīsu. Tathā hi vuttaṃ niddese ‘‘kappāti uddānato dve kappā taṇhākappo diṭṭhikappo’’ti (mahāni. 28). ‘‘Anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.244; ma. ni. 1.68) asaṅkhyeyyakappe. ‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyānī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.156) mahākappe. Idhāpi mahākappeyeva daṭṭhabbo (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.29; 3.275; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1; a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.128; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 5.evamiccādipāṭhavaṇṇanā).
Tatrāyaṃ padasiddhi – kappīyatīti kappo, ettakāni vassānīti vā ettakāni vassasatānīti vā ettakāni vassasahassānīti vā ettakāni vassasatasahassānīti vā saṃvaccharavasena gaṇetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā kevalaṃ sāsaparāsiupamādīhi kappetabbo parikappetabbaparimāṇoti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Kīva dīgho nu kho, bhante, kappoti? Dīgho kho, bhikkhu, kappo, so na sukaro saṅkhātuṃ ‘ettakāni vassānī’ti vā ‘ettakāni vassasatānī’ti vā ‘ettakāni vassasahassānī’ti vā ‘ettakāni vassasatasahassānī’ti vā. Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātunti? ‘Sakkā, bhikkhū’ti bhagavā avoca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, yojanaṃ āyāmena yojanaṃ vitthārena yojanaṃ ubbedhena mahāsāsaparāsi. Tato vassasatassa vassasahassassa accayena ekamekaṃ sāsapaṃ uddhareyya, khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu, mahāsāsaparāsi iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, na tveva kappo, evaṃ dīgho kho, bhikkhu, kappo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.128).
Svāyaṃ mahākappo saṃvaṭṭādivasena catuasaṅkhyeyyakappasaṅgaho. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyāni. Katamāni cattāri? Saṃvaṭṭo, saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, vivaṭṭo, vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī’’ti (a. ni. 4.156).
Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā – tejosaṃvaṭṭo, āposaṃvaṭṭo, vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā – ābhassarā, subhakiṇhā, vehapphalāti. Yadā hi kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā āpena saṃvaṭṭati, subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vāyunā saṃvaṭṭati, vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsati. Vitthārato pana koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaṃ vinassati, yaṃ buddhānaṃ āṇākkhettanti vuccati. Tesu tīsu saṃvaṭṭesu yathākkamaṃ kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva jālāya vā udakassa vā vātassa vā upacchedo idaṃ ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ saṃvaṭṭo nāma. Kappavināsakajālādipacchedato yāva koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaparipūrako sampattimahāmegho uṭṭhahati, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī nāma.
Sampattimahāmeghato yāva candimasūriyapātubhāvo, idaṃ tatiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ vivaṭṭo nāma. Candimasūriyapātubhāvato yāva puna kappavināsakamahāmegho, idaṃ catutthaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī nāma. Imesu catusaṭṭhiantarakappasaṅgahaṃ vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī. Tena samānakālaparicchedā vivaṭṭādayo veditabbā. ‘‘Vīsatiantarakappasaṅgaha’’nti eke. Iti imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘svāyaṃ mahākappo saṃvaṭṭādivasena catuasaṅkhyeyyakappasaṅgaho’’ti.
Kappeti ca accantasaṃyogavasena upayogabahuvacanaṃ. Satasahasseti kappasaddasambandhena cāyaṃ pulliṅganiddeso, idhāpi accantasaṃyogavaseneva bahuvacanaṃ. Samānādhikaraṇañhetaṃ padadvayaṃ. Caturo ca asaṅkhiyeti etthāpi eseva nayo. Kassa pana asaṅkhiyeti aññassa avuttattā kappassa ca vuttattā pakaraṇato kappānanti ayamattho viññāyateva. Na hi vuttaṃ vajjetvā avuttassa kassaci gahaṇaṃ yuttanti. Ca-saddo sampiṇḍanattho, mahākappānaṃ caturo asaṅkhyeyye satasahasse ca mahākappeti ayañhettha attho. Asaṅkhiyeti ettha saṅkhātuṃ na sakkāti asaṅkhiyā, gaṇanaṃ atikkantāti attho. ‘‘Asaṅkhyeyyanti eko gaṇanaviseso’’ti eke. Te hi ekato paṭṭhāya mahābalakkhapariyosānāni ekūnasaṭṭhiṭṭhānāni vajjetvā dasamahābalakkhāni asaṅkhyeyyaṃ nāma, saṭṭhimaṭṭhānantaranti vadanti. Taṃ na yujjati, saṅkhyāṭhānantaraṃ nāma gaṇanaviseso, tassa asaṅkhyeyyabhāvābhāvato ekaṃ ṭhānantaraṃ asaṅkhyeyyañcāti viruddhametaṃ. Nanu ca asaṅkhyabhāvena asaṅkhyeyyattepi tassa catubbidhabhāvo na yujjatīti? No na yujjati. Catūsu ṭhānesu asaṅkhyeyyabhāvassa icchitattā. Tatrāyamādito paṭṭhāya vibhāvanā –
Atīte kira ekasmiṃ kappe taṇhaṅkaro medhaṅkaro saraṇaṅkaro dīpaṅkaroti cattāro sammāsambuddhā anukkamena loke uppajjiṃsu. Tesu dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato kāle amaravatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Tattha sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo paṭivasati ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato. So aññaṃ kammaṃ akatvā brāhmaṇasippameva uggaṇhi. Tassa daharakāleyeva mātāpitaro kālamakaṃsu. Athassa rāsivaḍḍhako amacco āyapotthakaṃ āharitvā suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttādibharite sāragabbhe vivaritvā ‘‘ettakaṃ te, kumāra, mātusantakaṃ, ettakaṃ te pitusantakaṃ, ettakaṃ te ayyakapayyakāna’’nti yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā dhanaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘etaṃ dhanaṃ paṭipajjāhī’’ti āha. Sumedhapaṇḍito cintesi – ‘‘imaṃ evaṃ bahuṃ dhanaṃ saṃharitvā mayhaṃ mātāpitādayo paralokaṃ gacchantā ekakahāpaṇampi gahetvā na gatā, mayā pana gahetvā gamanakāraṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So rañño ārocetvā nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā mahājanassa dānaṃ datvā himavantappadesaṃ gantvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā sattāheneva aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca ca abhiññāyo nibbattetvā samāpattivihārehi viharati.
Tasmiñca kāle dīpaṅkaradasabalo paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakko catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi parivuto anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno rammavatīnagaraṃ nāma patvā tassa avidūre sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Rammavatīnagaravāsino ‘‘satthā kira amhākaṃ nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasatī’’ti sutvā gandhamālādihatthā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā ekamantaṃ nisinnā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā svātanāya nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu. Te punadivase mahādānaṃ sajjetvā nagaraṃ alaṅkaritvā dasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ haṭṭhatuṭṭhā sodhenti.
Tasmiñca kāle sumedhatāpaso ākāsena gacchanto te haṭṭhatuṭṭhe manusse disvā ‘‘ambho, kassa tumhe imaṃ maggaṃ sodhethā’’ti pucchi? Tehi ‘‘sammāsambuddhassa āgamanamaggaṃ sodhemā’’ti vutte atītesu buddhesu katādhikārattā ‘‘buddho’’ti vacanaṃ sutvā uppannapītisomanasso tāvadeva ākāsato oruyha ‘‘mayhampi okāsaṃ detha, ahampi sodhessāmī’’ti tehi dassitaṃ okāsaṃ ‘‘kiñcāpi ahaṃ imaṃ iddhiyā sattaratanavicittaṃ katvā alaṅkarituṃ pahomi, ajja pana mayā kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, kāyārahaṃ puññaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti cintetvā tiṇakacavarādayo nīharitvā paṃsuṃ āharitvā samaṃ karonto sodheti. Aniṭṭhiteyeva pana tassa padesassa sodhane dīpaṅkaro bhagavā mahānubhāvānaṃ chaḷabhiññānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ catūhi satasahassehi parivuto taṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Sumedhapaṇḍito ‘‘sammāsambuddho buddhasāvakā ca mā cikkhallaṃ akkamantū’’ti attano vākacīrañca cammakhaṇḍañca jaṭākalāpañca pasāretvā sayañca yena bhagavā tena sīsaṃ katvā avakujjo nipajji. Evañca cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ icchissāmi, imassa bhagavato sāvako hutvā ajjeva kilese ghātessāmi. Kiṃ mayhaṃ ekakeneva saṃsāramahoghato nittharaṇena? Yaṃnūnāhampi evarūpo sammāsambuddho hutvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ saṃsāramahaṇṇavato tāreyya’’nti. Iti so aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatamahābhinīhāravasena cittaṃ paṇidhesi. Atha bhagavā āgantvā tassa ussīsake ṭhatvā cittācāraṃ samijjhanabhāvañcassa ñatvā ‘‘ayaṃ ito kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma sammāsambuddho bhavissatī’’ti sabbaṃ imaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ byākaritvā pakkāmi.
Tato aparepi koṇḍaññabhagavantaṃ ādiṃ katvā anukkamena uppannā yāva kassapadasabalapariyosānā sammāsambuddhā mahāsattaṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākariṃsu. Iti amhākaṃ bodhisattassa pāramiyo pūrentasseva catuvīsati sammāsambuddhā uppannā. Yasmiṃ pana kappe dīpaṅkaradasabalo udapādi, tasmiṃ aññepi tayo buddhā ahesuṃ. Tesaṃ santike bodhisattassa byākaraṇaṃ nāhosi, tasmā te idha na gahitā. Porāṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana tamhā kappā paṭṭhāya sabbabuddhe dassetuṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ –
‘‘Taṇhaṅkaro medhaṅkaro, athopi saraṇaṅkaro;
Dīpaṅkaro ca sambuddho, koṇḍañño dvipaduttamo.
‘‘Maṅgalo ca sumano ca, revato sobhito muni;
Anomadassī padumo, nārado padumuttaro.
‘‘Sumedho ca sujāto ca, piyadassī mahāyaso;
Atthadassī dhammadassī, siddhattho lokanāyako.
‘‘Tisso phusso ca sambuddho, vipassī sikhi vessabhū;
Kakusandho koṇāgamano, kassapo cāpi nāyako.
‘‘Ete ahesuṃ sambuddhā, vītarāgā samāhitā;
Sataraṃsīva uppannā, mahātamavinodanā;
Jalitvā aggikkhandhāva, nibbutā te sasāvakā’’ti. (jā. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā; apa. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā);
Tattha dīpaṅkaradasabalassa ca koṇḍaññadasabalassa ca antare mahākappānaṃ ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ buddhasuñño loko ahosi, tathā bhagavato koṇḍaññassa ca bhagavato maṅgalassa ca antare, tathā bhagavato sobhitassa ca bhagavato anomadassissa ca antare, tathā bhagavato nāradassa ca bhagavato padumuttarassa ca antare. Vuttañhetaṃ buddhavaṃse (bu. vaṃ. 28.3, 4, 6, 9) –
‘‘Dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato, koṇḍaññassa ca satthuno;
Etesaṃ antarā kappā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā.
‘‘Koṇḍaññassa aparena, maṅgalo nāma nāyako;
Tesampi antarā kappā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā.
‘‘Sobhitassa aparena, anomadassī mahāyaso;
Tesampi antarā kappā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā.
‘‘Nāradassa bhagavato, padumuttarassa satthuno;
Tesampi antarā kappā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā’’ti.
Evaṃ gaṇanātītatāya asaṅkhyeyyattepi catūsu ṭhānesu mahākappānaṃ gaṇanātikkamena ‘‘caturo ca asaṅkhiye’’ti vuttaṃ, na saṅkhyāvisesenāti veditabbaṃ. Yasmā pana padumuttaradasabalassa ca sumedhadasabalassa ca antare tiṃsakappasahassāni, sujātadasabalassa ca piyadassīdasabalassa ca antare navasahassādhikānaṃ kappānaṃ saṭṭhisahassāni dvāsītuttarāni aṭṭha ca satāni, dhammadassīdasabalassa ca siddhatthadasabalassa ca antare vīsati kappā, siddhatthadasabalassa ca tissadasabalassa ca antare eko kappo , bhagavato vipassissa ca bhagavato sikhissa ca antare saṭṭhi kappā, bhagavato ca vessabhussa bhagavato ca kakusandhassa antare tiṃsa kappā, iti padumuttaradasabalassa uppannakappato paṭṭhāya heṭṭhā tesaṃ tesaṃ buddhānaṃ uppannakappehi iminā ca bhaddakappena saddhiṃ satasahassamahākappā. Te sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘kappe ca satasahasse’’ti. Imasmiṃ panatthe vitthāriyamāne sabbaṃ buddhavaṃsapāḷiṃ āharitvā saṃvaṇṇetabbaṃ hotīti ativitthārabhīrukassa mahājanassa cittaṃ anurakkhantā na vitthārayimha. Atthikehi buddhavaṃsato (bu. vaṃ. 1.1 ādayo) gahetabbo. Yopi cettha vattabbo kathāmaggo, sopi aṭṭhasāliniyā (dha. sa. aṭṭha. sumedhakathā) dhammasaṅgahavaṇṇanāya jātakaṭṭhakathāya (jā. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā) ca vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
Etthantareti ettha antarasaddo –
‘‘Nadītīresu saṇṭhāne, sabhāsu rathiyāsu ca;
Janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañca tañca kimantara’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.228) –
Ādīsu kāraṇe āgato. ‘‘Addasā kho maṃ, bhante, aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) khaṇe, vijjuniccharaṇakkhaṇeti attho. ‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā’’tiādīsu (udā. 20) citte. ‘‘Antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhi’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) vivare. ‘‘Na upajjhāyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 66) vemajjhe. Idhāpi vemajjheyeva daṭṭhabbo (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1; a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.36), tasmā etasmiṃ antare vemajjheti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmiṃ mahākappe amhākaṃ bhagavā sumedhapaṇḍito hutvā dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato pādamūle –
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –
Evaṃ vuttehi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ mahābhinīhāraṃ akāsi, samattiṃsa pāramiyo pavicini samādiyi, sabbepi buddhakārake dhamme sampādetuṃ ārabhi, yamhi cetasmiṃ bhaddakappe sabbaso pūritapāramī hutvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi. Imesaṃ dvinnaṃ mahākappānaṃ antare yathāvuttaparicchede kālaviseseti. Kathaṃ panetaṃ viññāyatīti? ‘‘Kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye’’ti idañhi mahākappānaṃ paricchedato aparicchedato ca saṅkhyādassanaṃ. Sā kho panāyaṃ saṅkhyā saṅkhyeyyassa ādipariyosānaggahaṇaṃ vinā na sambhavatīti yattha bodhisambhārānamārambho yattha ca te pariyositā tadubhayampi avadhibhāvena ‘‘etthantare’’ti ettha atthato dassitanti viññāyati. Avadhi ca panāyaṃ abhividhivasena veditabbo, na mariyādāvasena, ārambhosānakappānaṃ ekadesena antogadhattā. Nanu ca nippadesena tesaṃ apariyādānato abhividhi ca idha na sambhavatīti? Na idamevaṃ tadekadesepi tabbohārato. Yo hi tadekadesabhūto kappo, so nippadesato pariyādinnoti.
Yaṃ caritaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ bodhipācananti ettha caritanti cariyā, samattiṃsapāramisaṅgahā dānasīlādipaṭipatti, ñātatthacariyālokatthacariyābuddhatthacariyānaṃ tadantogadhattā. Tathā yā cimā aṭṭha cariyā, seyyathidaṃ – paṇidhisampannānaṃ catūsu iriyāpathesu iriyāpathacariyā, indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ ajjhattikāyatanesu āyatanacariyā, appamādavihārīnaṃ catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu saticariyā, adhicittamanuyuttānaṃ catūsu jhānesu samādhicariyā, buddhisampannānaṃ catūsu ariyasaccesu ñāṇacariyā, sammā paṭipannānaṃ catūsu ariyamaggesu maggacariyā, adhigataphalānaṃ catūsu sāmaññaphalesu patticariyā, tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ sabbasattesu lokatthacariyāti. Tattha padesato dvinnaṃ bodhisattānaṃ paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānañca lokatthacariyā, mahābodhisattānaṃ pana sammāsambuddhānañca nippadesato. Vuttañhetaṃ niddese (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121; paṭi. ma. 1.197) ‘‘cariyāti aṭṭha cariyāyo iriyāpathacariyā āyatanacariyā’’ti vitthāro. ‘‘Adhimuccanto saddhāya carati, paggaṇhanto vīriyena carati, upaṭṭhahanto satiyā carati, avikkhipanto samādhinā carati, pajānanto paññāya carati, vijānanto viññāṇena carati, evampi paṭipannassa kusalā dhammā āyatantīti āyatanacariyāya carati, evampi paṭipanno visesamadhigacchatīti visesacariyāya caratī’’ti yā imā aparāpi aṭṭha cariyā vuttā, tāsaṃ sabbāsaṃ pāramitāsveva samorodho veditabbo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘caritanti cariyā, samattiṃsapāramisaṅgahā dānasīlādipaṭipattī’’ti. Hetucariyāya eva pana idhādhippetattā maggacariyāpatticariyānaṃ idha anavarodho veditabbo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbaṃ taṃ bodhipācana’’nti.
Tattha sabba-saddo sabbasabbaṃ āyatanasabbaṃ sakkāyasabbaṃ padesasabbanti catūsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hi ‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchantī’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85) sabbasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi taṃ suṇātha, kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ cakkhuñceva rūpā ca…pe… mano ceva dhammā cā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.23) ettha āyatanasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbaṃ sabbato sañjānātī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.6) sakkāyasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbesampi vo, sāriputta, subhāsitaṃ pariyāyenā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.345) padesasabbasmiṃ. Idhāpi padesasabbasmiṃ eva veditabbo, bodhisambhārabhūtassa caritassa adhippetattā.
Bodhīti rukkhopi ariyamaggopi nibbānampi sabbaññutaññāṇampi. ‘‘Bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho’’ti (mahāva. 1; udā. 1) ca ‘‘antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhi’’nti (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) ca āgataṭṭhāne bujjhati etthāti rukkho bodhi. ‘‘Bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇa’’nti (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) āgataṭṭhāne cattāri ariyasaccāni bujjhati etenāti ariyamaggo bodhi. ‘‘Patvāna bodhiṃ amataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti āgataṭṭhāne bujjhati etasmiṃ nimittabhūteti nibbānaṃ bodhi. ‘‘Pappoti bodhiṃ varabhūrimedhaso’’ti (dī. ni. 3.217) āgataṭṭhāne sabbe dhamme sabbākārena bujjhati etenāti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ bodhi. Idhāpi sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Arahattamaggasabbaññutaññāṇāni vā idha bodhīti veditabbāni (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.11), mahābodhiyā adhippetattā bhagavato. Āsavakkhayañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānañca āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ ‘‘mahābodhī’’ti vuccati. Etthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yathāvuttakālaparicchede yaṃ mama dānāsīlādipaṭipattisaṅkhātaṃ caritaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ anavasesaṃ mahābodhiyā pācanaṃ sādhakaṃ nibbattakanti. Etena bodhisambhārānaṃ nirantarabhāvanaṃ dasseti. Atha vā sabbanti etthantare yathāvuttakālaparicchede yaṃ caritaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sakalameva anavasesaṃ bodhisambhārabhūtameva. Etena sabbasambhārabhāvanaṃ dasseti.
Tasso hi bodhisambhāresubhāvanā sabbasambhārabhāvanā nirantarabhāvanā cirakālabhāvanā sakkaccabhāvanā cāti. Tāsu ‘‘kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye’’ti iminā cirakālabhāvanā vuttā. Yo cettha accantasaṃyogo, tena paṭhame atthavikappe sabbaggahaṇena ca nirantarabhāvanā, dutiye atthavikappe sabbaṃ carita’’nti iminā sabbasambhārabhāvanā, bodhipācana’’nti iminā sakkaccabhāvanā vuttā hoti, yathā taṃ caritaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ pāceti evaṃbhūtabhāvadīpanato. Tathā hi taṃ ‘‘bodhipācana’’nti vattabbataṃ arahati, na aññathāti. Kathaṃ panettha bodhicariyāya nirantarabhāvo veditabbo? Yadi cittanirantaratāya taṃ na yujjati, na hi mahābodhisattānaṃ mahābhinīhārato uddhaṃ bodhisambhārasambharaṇacittato aññaṃ cittaṃ nappavattatīti sakkā vattuṃ. Atha kiriyamayacittappavattiṃ sandhāya vucceyya, evampi na yujjati, na hi sabbāni tesaṃ kiriyamayacittāni bodhisambhārasambharaṇavaseneva pavattanti. Eteneva payoganirantaratāpi paṭikkhittāti daṭṭhabbā. Jātinirantaratāya pana nirantarabhāvanā veditabbā. Yassañhi jātiyaṃ mahābodhisattena mahāpaṇidhānaṃ nibbattitaṃ, tato paṭṭhāya yāva carimattabhāvā na sā nāma jāti upalabbhati, yā sabbena sabbaṃ bodhisambhārasambhatā na siyā antamaso dānapāramimattaṃ upādāya. Ayañhi niyatipatthitānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ dhammatā. Yāva ca te kammādīsu vasībhāvaṃ na pāpuṇanti, tāva sappadesampi sambhāresu payogamāpajjanti. Yadā pana sabbaso kammādīsu vasībhāvappattā honti, atha tato paṭṭhāya nippadesato eva bodhisambhāresu samīhanaṃ sātaccakiriyā ca sampajjati. Sakkaccakāritā pana sabbakālaṃ hoti, evaṃ yena yena bodhisattānaṃ tattha tattha yathādhippāyaṃ samijjhanaṃ sampajjatīti. Evametāya gāthāya bodhisambhāresu sabbasambhārabhāvanā cirakālabhāvanā nirantarabhāvanā sakkaccabhāvanā cāti catassopi bhāvanā pakāsitāti veditabbā.
Tatra yasmā bodhisattacaritaṃ bodhisambhārā bodhicariyā aggayānaṃ pāramiyoti atthato ekaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ, yasmā ca parato vibhāgena vakkhamānānaṃ dānapāramiādīnaṃ caritanti idaṃ avisesavacanaṃ, tasmā sabbabodhisambhāresu kosallajananatthaṃ pāramiyo idha saṃvaṇṇetabbā. Tā parato pakiṇṇakakathāyaṃ sabbākārena saṃvaṇṇayissāma.
2. Iti bhagavā attano bodhisattabhūmiyaṃ caritaṃ ārambhato paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānā mahābodhiyā paripācanamevāti avisesato dassetvā idāni tassa paramukkaṃsagamanena atisayato bodhiparipācanabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ imasmiṃ bhaddakappe katipayā pubbacariyā vibhāgato vibhāvento ‘‘atītakappe’’tiādimāha.
Tattha atītakappeti ito purime purimatare vā sabbasmiṃ atikkante yathāvuttaparicchede mahākappe, kappānaṃ satasahassādhikesu catūsu asaṅkhyeyyesūti attho. Caritanti ciṇṇaṃ dānādipaṭipattiṃ. Ṭhapayitvāti muñcitvā aggahetvā, avatvāti attho. Bhavābhaveti bhave ca abhave ca, ‘‘itibhavābhavakatha’’nti (dī. ni. 1.17) ettha hi vuddhihāniyo bhavābhavāti vuttā. ‘‘Itibhavābhavatañca vītivatto’’ti (udā. 20) ettha sampattivipattivuddhihānisassatucchedapuññapāpānibhavābhavāti adhippetāni. ‘‘Itibhavābhavahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.9; itivu. 105) ettha pana paṇītapaṇītatarāni sappinavanītādibhesajjāni bhavābhavāti adhippetāni. Sampattibhavesu paṇītatarā paṇītatamā bhavābhavātipi vadanti eva, tasmā idhāpi so eva attho veditabbo, khuddake ceva mahante ca bhavasminti vuttaṃ hoti. Imamhi kappeti imasmiṃ bhaddakappe. Pavakkhissanti kathayissaṃ. Suṇohīti dhammasenāpatiṃ savane niyojeti. Meti mama santike, mama bhāsatoti attho.
Nidānakathā niṭṭhitā.
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