3. Dīpaṅkarabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā
Rammanagaravāsinopi te upāsakā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā puna bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ mālāgandhādīhi pūjetvā vanditvā dānānumodanaṃ sotukāmā upanisīdiṃsu. Atha satthā tesaṃ paramamadhuraṃ hadayaṅgamaṃ dānānumodanamakāsi –
‘‘Dānaṃ nāma sukhādīnaṃ, nidānaṃ paramaṃ mataṃ;
Nibbānaṃ pana sopānaṃ, patiṭṭhāti pavuccati.
‘‘Dānaṃ tāṇaṃ manussānaṃ, dānaṃ bandhu parāyanaṃ;
Dānaṃ dukkhādhipannānaṃ, sattānaṃ paramā gati.
‘‘Dukkhanittharaṇaṭṭhena , dānaṃ nāvāti dīpitaṃ;
Bhayarakkhaṇato dānaṃ, nagaranti ca vaṇṇitaṃ.
‘‘Dānaṃ durāsadaṭṭhena, vuttamāsivisoti ca;
Dānaṃ lobhamalādīhi, padumaṃ anupalittato.
‘‘Natthi dānasamo loke, purisassa avassayo;
Paṭipajjatha tasmā taṃ, kiriyājjhāsayena ca.
‘‘Saggalokanidānāni, dānāni matimā idha;
Ko hi nāma naro loke, na dadeyya hite rato.
‘‘Sutvā devesu sampattiṃ, ko naro dānasambhavaṃ;
Na dajjā sukhappadaṃ dānaṃ, dānaṃ cittappamodanaṃ.
‘‘Dānena paṭipannena, accharāparivārito;
Ramate suciraṃ kālaṃ, nandane suranandane.
‘‘Pītimuḷāraṃ vindati dātā, gāravamasmiṃ gacchati loke;
Kittimanantaṃ yāti ca dātā, vissasanīyo hoti ca dātā.
‘‘Datvā dānaṃ yāti naro so, bhogasamiddhiṃ dīghañcāyu;
Sussaratampi ca vindati rūpaṃ, sagge saddhiṃ kīḷati devehi;
Vimānesu ṭhatvā nānā, mattamayūrābhirutesu.
‘‘Corārirājodakapāvakānaṃ, dhanaṃ asādhāraṇameva dānaṃ;
Dadāti taṃ sāvakañāṇabhūmiṃ, paccekabhūmiṃ pana buddhabhūmi’’nti. –
Evamādinā nayena dānānumodanaṃ katvā dānānisaṃsaṃ pakāsetvā tadanantaraṃ sīlakathaṃ kathesi. Sīlaṃ nāmetaṃ idhalokaparalokasampattīnaṃ mūlaṃ.
‘‘Sīlaṃ sukhānaṃ paramaṃ nidānaṃ, sīlena sīlī tidivaṃ payāti;
Sīlañhi saṃsāramupāgatassa, tāṇañca leṇañca parāyanañca.
‘‘Avassayo sīlasamo janānaṃ, kuto panañño idha vā parattha;
Sīlaṃ guṇānaṃ paramā patiṭṭhā, yathā dharā thāvarajaṅgamānaṃ.
‘‘Sīlaṃ kireva kalyāṇaṃ, sīlaṃ loke anuttaraṃ;
Ariyavuttisamācāro, yena vuccati sīlavā’’. (jā. 1.3.118);
Sīlālaṅkārasamo alaṅkāro natthi, sīlagandhasamo gandho natthi, sīlasamaṃ kilesamalavisodhanaṃ natthi, sīlasamaṃ pariḷāhūpasamaṃ natthi, sīlasamaṃ kittijananaṃ natthi, sīlasamaṃ saggārohaṇasopānaṃ natthi, nibbānanagarappavesane ca sīlasamaṃ dvāraṃ natthi. Yathāha –
‘‘Sobhantevaṃ na rājāno, muttāmaṇivibhūsitā;
Yathā sobhanti yatino, sīlabhūsanabhūsitā.
‘‘Sīlagandhasamo gandho, kuto nāma bhavissati;
Yo samaṃ anuvāte ca, paṭivāte ca vāyati. (visuddhi. 1.9);
‘‘Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti, na candanaṃ taggaramallikā vā;
Satañca gandho paṭivātameti, sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyati.
‘‘Candanaṃ tagaraṃ vāpi, uppalaṃ atha vassikī;
Etesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ, sīlagandho anuttaro. (dha. pa. 54-55; mi. pa. 5.4.1);
‘‘Na gaṅgā yamunā cāpi, sarabhū vā sarasvatī;
Ninnagā vāciravatī, mahī vāpi mahānadī.
‘‘Sakkuṇanti visodhetuṃ, taṃ malaṃ idha pāṇinaṃ;
Visodhayati sattānaṃ, yaṃ ve sīlajalaṃ malaṃ.
‘‘Na taṃ sajaladā vātā, na cāpi haricandanaṃ;
Neva hārā na maṇayo, na candakiraṇaṅkurā.
‘‘Samayantīdha sattānaṃ, pariḷāhaṃ surakkhitaṃ;
Yaṃ sameti idaṃ ariyaṃ, sīlaṃ accantasītalaṃ.
‘‘Attānuvādādibhayaṃ, viddhaṃsayati sabbadā;
Janeti kittihāsañca, sīlaṃ sīlavato sadā.
‘‘Saggārohaṇasopānaṃ, aññaṃ sīlasamaṃ kuto;
Dvāraṃ vā pana nibbāna, nagarassa pavesane.
‘‘Guṇānaṃ mūlabhūtassa, dosānaṃ balaghātino;
Iti sīlassa jānātha, ānisaṃsamanuttara’’nti. (visuddhi. 1.9);
Evaṃ bhagavā sīlānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā – ‘‘idaṃ pana sīlaṃ nissāya ayaṃ saggo labhatī’’ti dassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ saggakathaṃ kathesi. Ayaṃ saggo nāma iṭṭho kanto manāpo ekantasukho niccamettha kīḷā niccaṃ sampattiyo labhanti. Cātumahārājikā devā navutivassasatasahassāni dibbasukhaṃ dibbasampattiṃ paṭilabhanti. Tāvatiṃsā tisso vassakoṭiyo saṭṭhi ca vassasatasahassānīti evamādisaggaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttakathaṃ kathesi. Evaṃ saggakathāya palobhetvā puna – ‘‘ayampi saggo anicco adhuvo na tattha chandarāgo kātabbo’’ti kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ nekkhamme ānisaṃsañca pakāsetvā amatapariyosānaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi. Evaṃ tassa mahājanassa dhammaṃ desetvā ekacce saraṇesu ca ekacce pañcasīlesu ca ekacce sotāpattiphale ca ekacce sakadāgāmiphale ekacce anāgāmiphale ekacce catūsupi phalesu ekacce tīsu vijjāsu ekacce chasu abhiññāsu ekacce aṭṭhasu samāpattīsu patiṭṭhāpetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā rammanagarato nikkhamitvā sudassanamahāvihārameva pāvisi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Tadā te bhojayitvāna, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Upagacchuṃ saraṇaṃ tassa, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
‘‘Saraṇāgamane kañci, niveseti tathāgato;
Kañci pañcasu sīlesu, sīle dasavidhe paraṃ.
‘‘Kassaci deti sāmaññaṃ, caturo phalamuttame;
Kassaci asame dhamme, deti so paṭisambhidā.
‘‘Kassaci varasamāpattiyo, aṭṭha deti narāsabho;
Tisso kassaci vijjāyo, chaḷabhiññā pavecchati.
‘‘Tena yogena janakāyaṃ, ovadati mahāmuni;
Tena vitthārikaṃ āsi, lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Mahāhanusabhakkhandho , dīpaṅkarasanāmako;
Bahū jane tārayati, parimoceti duggatiṃ.
‘‘Bodhaneyyaṃ janaṃ disvā, satasahassepi yojane;
Khaṇena upagantvāna, bodheti taṃ mahāmunī’’ti.
Tattha teti rammanagaravāsino upāsakā. Saraṇanti ettha saraṇaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ saraṇassa gantā ca veditabbā. Sarati hiṃsati vināsetīti saraṇaṃ, kiṃ taṃ? Ratanattayaṃ. Taṃ pana saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiṃ parikkilesaṃ hanati hiṃsati vināsetīti saraṇanti vuccatīti. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Ye keci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressanti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);
‘‘Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressanti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);
‘‘Ye keci saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);
Saraṇagamanaṃ nāma ratanattayaparāyanākārappavatto cittuppādo. Saraṇassa gantā nāma taṃsamaṅgīpuggalo. Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ saraṇassa gantā cāti idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Tassāti taṃ dīpaṅkaraṃ, upayogatthe sāmivacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Upagacchuṃ saraṇaṃ tatthā’’tipi pāṭho. Satthunoti satthāraṃ. Saraṇāgamane kañcīti kañci puggalaṃ saraṇagamane nivesetīti attho. Kiñcāpi paccuppannavasena vuttaṃ, atītakālavasena pana attho gahetabbo. Esa nayo sesesupi. ‘‘Kassaci saraṇāgamane’’tipi pāṭho, tassapi soyevattho. Kañci pañcasu sīlesūti kañci puggalaṃ pañcasu viratisīlesu nivesesīti attho. ‘‘Kassaci pañcasu sīlesū’’tipi pāṭho, soyevattho. Sīle dasavidhe paranti aparaṃ puggalaṃ dasavidhe sīle nivesesīti attho. ‘‘Kassaci kusale dasā’’tipi pāṭho, tassa kañci puggalaṃ dasa kusaladhamme samādapesīti attho. Kassaci deti sāmaññanti ettha paramatthato sāmaññanti maggo vuccati. Yathāha –
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, sāmaññaṃ? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sāmañña’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.36).
Caturo phalamuttameti cattāri uttamāni phalānīti attho. Ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Liṅgavipariyāsena vuttaṃ. Yathopanissayaṃ cattāro magge cattāri ca sāmaññaphalāni kassaci adāsīti attho. Kassaci asame dhammeti kassaci asadise cattāro paṭisambhidādhamme adāsi.
Kassaci varasamāpattiyoti kassaci pana nīvaraṇavigamena padhānabhūtā aṭṭha samāpattiyo adāsi. Tisso kassaci vijjāyoti kassaci puggalassa upanissayavasena dibbacakkhuñāṇapubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaāsavakkhayañāṇānaṃ vasena tisso vijjāyo. Chaḷabhiññā pavecchatīti cha abhiññāyo kassaci adāsi.
Tena yogenāti tena nayena tenānukkamena ca. Janakāyanti janasamūhaṃ. Ovadatīti ovadi. Kālavipariyāsena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ito uparipi īdisesu vacanesu atītakālavaseneva attho gahetabbo . Tena vitthārikaṃ āsīti tena dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato ovādena anusāsaniyā vitthārikaṃ vitthataṃ visālībhūtaṃ sāsanaṃ ahosi.
Mahāhanūti mahāpurisānaṃ kira dvepi hanūni paripuṇṇāni dvādasiyā pakkhassa candasadisākārāni hontīti mahantāni hanūni yassa so mahāhanu, sīhahanūti vuttaṃ hoti. Usabhakkhandhoti usabhasseva khandho yassa bhavati, so usabhakkhandho. Suvaṭṭitasuvaṇṇāliṅgasadisarucirakkhandho samavaṭṭacārukkhandhoti attho. Dīpaṅkarasanāmakoti dīpaṅkarasanāmo . Bahū jane tārayatīti bahū buddhaveneyye jane tāresi. Parimocetīti parimocesi. Duggatinti duggatito. Nissakkatthe upayogavacanaṃ.
Idāni tāraṇaparimocanakaraṇākāradassanatthaṃ ‘‘bodhaneyyaṃ jana’’nti gāthā vuttā. Tattha bodhaneyyaṃ jananti bodhaneyyaṃ pajaṃ, ayameva vā pāṭho. Disvāti buddhacakkhunā vā samantacakkhunā vā disvā. Satasahassepi yojaneti anekasatasahassepi yojane ṭhitaṃ. Idaṃ pana dasasahassiyaṃyeva sandhāya vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Dīpaṅkaro kira satthā buddhattaṃ patvā bodhimūle sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā aṭṭhame sattāhe mahābrahmuno dhammajjhesanaṃ paṭiññāya sunandārāme dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā koṭisataṃ devamanussānaṃ dhammāmataṃ pāyesi. Ayaṃ paṭhamo abhisamayo ahosi.
Atha satthā attano puttassa samavaṭṭakkhandhassa usabhakkhandhassa nāma ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā taṃ atrajaṃ pamukhaṃ katvā rāhulovādasadisaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā devamanussānaṃ navutikoṭiyo dhammāmataṃ pāyesi. Ayaṃ dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi.
Puna bhagavā amaravatīnagaradvāre mahāsirīsarukkhamūle yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā mahājanassa bandhanāmokkhaṃ katvā devagaṇaparivuto divasakarātirekajutivisarabhavane tāvatiṃsabhavane pāricchattakamūle paramasītale paṇḍukambalasilātale nisīditvā sabbadevagaṇapītisañjananiṃ attano jananiṃ sumedhādeviṃ pamukhaṃ katvā sabbalokaviditavisuddhidevo devadevo dīpaṅkaro bhagavā sabbasattahitakaraṃ paramātirekagambhīrasukhumaṃ buddhivisadakaraṃ sattappakaraṇaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ desetvā navutidevakoṭisahassānaṃ dhammāmataṃ pāyesi. Ayaṃ tatiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Paṭhamābhisamaye buddho, koṭisatamabodhayi;
Dutiyābhisamaye nātho, navutikoṭimabodhayi.
‘‘Yadā ca devabhavanamhi, buddho dhammamadesayi;
Navutikoṭisahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
Dīpaṅkarassa pana bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Tattha sunandārāme koṭisatasahassānaṃ paṭhamo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno;
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo’’ti.
Athāparena samayena dasabalo catūhi bhikkhusatasahassehi parivuto gāmanigamanagarapaṭipāṭiyā mahājanānuggahaṃ karonto cārikaṃ caramāno anukkamena ekasmiṃ padese mahājanakatasakkāraṃ sabbalokavissutaṃ amanussapariggahitaṃ atibhayānakaṃ olambāmbudharaparicumbitakūṭaṃ vividhasurabhitarukusumavāsitakūṭaṃ nānāmigagaṇavicaritakūṭaṃ nāradakūṭaṃ nāma paramaramaṇīyaṃ pabbataṃ sampāpuṇi. So kira pabbato nāradena nāma yakkhena pariggahito ahosi. Tattha pana tassa yakkhassa anusaṃvaccharaṃ mahājano manussabaliṃ upasaṃharati.
Atha dīpaṅkaro kira bhagavā tassa mahājanassa upanissayasampattiṃ disvā tato bhikkhusaṅghaṃ cātuddisaṃ pesetvā adutiyo asahāyo mahākaruṇābalavasaṅgatahadayo tañca yakkhaṃ vinetuṃ taṃ nāradapabbataṃ abhiruhi. Atha so manussabhakkho sakahitanirapekkho paravadhadakkho yakkho makkhaṃ asahamāno kodhaparetamānaso dasabalaṃ bhiṃsāpetvā palāpetukāmo taṃ pabbataṃ cālesi. So kira pabbato tena cāliyamāno bhagavato ānubhāvena tasseva matthake patamāno viya ahosi.
Tato so bhīto – ‘‘handa naṃ agginā jhāpessāmī’’ti mahantaṃ atibhīmadassanaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbattesi. So aggikkhandho paṭivāte khitto viya attanova dukkhaṃ janesi, na pana bhagavato cīvare aṃsumattampi daḍḍhuṃ samattho ahosi. Yakkho pana ‘‘samaṇo daḍḍho, na daḍḍho’’ti olokento dasabalaṃ saradasamayavimalakaranikaraṃ sabbajanaratikaraṃ rajanikaramiva sītalajalatalagatakamalakaṇṇikāya nisinnaṃ viya bhagavantaṃ disvā cintesi – ‘‘aho ayaṃ samaṇo mahānubhāvo, yaṃ yaṃ imassāhaṃ anatthaṃ karomi, so so mamūpariyeva patati, imaṃ pana samaṇaṃ muñcitvā aññaṃ me paṭisaraṇaṃ parāyanaṃ natthi, pathaviyaṃ upakkhalitā pathaviṃyeva nissāya uṭṭhahanti, handāhaṃ imaṃyeva samaṇaṃ saraṇaṃ gamissāmī’’ti.
Athevaṃ pana so cintetvā bhagavato cakkālaṅkatatalesu pādesu sirasā nipatitvā – ‘‘accayo maṃ, bhante, accagamā’’ti vatvā bhagavantaṃ saraṇamagamāsi. Athassa bhagavā anupubbikathaṃ kathesi. So desanāpariyosāne dasahi yakkhasahassehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi. Tasmiṃ kira divase sakalajambudīpatalavāsino manussā tassa balikammatthaṃ ekekagāmato ekekaṃ purisaṃ āhariṃsu. Aññañca bahutilataṇḍulakulatthamuggamāsādiṃ sappinavanītatelamadhuphāṇitādiñca āhariṃsu. Atha so yakkho taṃ divasaṃ ābhatataṇḍulādikaṃ sabbaṃ tesaṃyeva datvā te balikammatthāya ānītamanusse dasabalassa niyyātesi.
Atha satthā te manusse ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājetvā antosattāheyeva sabbe arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā māghapuṇṇamāya koṭisatabhikkhumajjhagato caturaṅgasamannāgate sannipāte pātimokkhamuddisi. Caturaṅgāni nāma sabbeva ehibhikkhū honti, sabbe chaḷabhiññā honti, sabbe anāmantitāva āgatā, pannarasūposathadivaso cāti imāni cattāri aṅgāni nāma. Ayaṃ dutiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Puna nāradakūṭamhi, pavivekagate jine;
Khīṇāsavā vītamalā, samiṃsu satakoṭiyo’’ti.
Tattha pavivekagateti gaṇaṃ pahāya gate. Samiṃsūti sannipatiṃsu.
Yadā pana dīpaṅkaro lokanāyako sudassananāmake pabbate vassāvāsamupagañchi, tadā kira jambudīpavāsino manussā anusaṃvaccharaṃ giraggasamajjaṃ karonti. Tasmiṃ kira samajje sannipatitā manussā dasabalaṃ disvā dhammakathaṃ sutvā tatra pasīditvā pabbajiṃsu. Mahāpavāraṇadivase satthā tesaṃ ajjhāsayānukūlaṃ vipassanākathaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā te sabbe saṅkhāre sammasitvā vipassanānupubbena maggānupubbena ca arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Atha satthā navutikoṭisahassehi saddhiṃ pavāresi. Ayaṃ tatiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Yamhi kāle mahāvīro, sudassanasiluccaye;
Navutikoṭisahassehi, pavāresi mahāmuni.
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
Antalikkhamhi caraṇo, pañcābhiññāsu pāragū’’ti. (dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā);
Ayaṃ gāthā aṭṭhasāliniyā dhammasaṅgahaṭṭhakathāya nidānavaṇṇanāya dīpaṅkarabuddhavaṃse likhitā. Imasmiṃ pana buddhavaṃse natthi. Natthibhāvoyeva panassā yuttataro. Kasmāti ce? Heṭṭhā sumedhakathāsu kathitattāti.
Dīpaṅkare kira bhagavati dhammaṃ desente dasasahassānañca vīsatisahassānañca dhammābhisamayo ahosiyeva. Ekassa pana dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ catunnanti ca ādivasena abhisamayānaṃ anto natthi. Tasmā dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Dasavīsasahassānaṃ , dhammābhisamayo ahu;
Ekadvinnaṃ abhisamayā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā’’ti.
Tattha dasavīsasahassānanti dasasahassānaṃ vīsatisahassānañca. Dhammābhisamayoti catusaccadhammappaṭivedho. Ekadvinnanti ekassa ceva dvinnañca , tiṇṇaṃ catunnaṃ…pe… dasannantiādinā nayena asaṅkhyeyyāti attho. Evaṃ asaṅkhyeyyābhisamayattā ca vitthārikaṃ mahantappattaṃ bahūhi paṇḍitehi devamanussehi niyyānikanti jaññaṃ jānitabbaṃ adhisīlasikkhādīhi iddhañca samādhiādīhi phītañca ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ, iddhaṃ phītaṃ ahū tadā;
Dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato, sāsanaṃ suvisodhita’’nti.
Tattha suvisodhitanti suṭṭhu bhagavatā sodhitaṃ visuddhaṃ kataṃ. Dīpaṅkaraṃ kira satthāraṃ sabbakālaṃ chaḷabhiññānaṃ mahiddhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cattāri satasahassāni parivārenti. Tena ca samayena ye sekkhā kālakiriyaṃ karonti, te garahitā bhavanti, sabbe khīṇāsavā hutvāva parinibbāyantīti adhippāyo. Tasmā hi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ supupphitaṃ susamiddhaṃ khīṇāsavehi bhikkhūhi ativiya sobhittha. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Cattāri satasahassāni, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;
Dīpaṅkaraṃ lokaviduṃ, parivārenti sabbadā.
‘‘Ye keci tena samayena, jahanti mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;
Appattamānasā sekhā, garahitā bhavanti te.
‘‘Supupphitaṃ pāvacanaṃ, arahantehi tādihi;
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, upasobhati sabbadā’’ti.
Tattha cattāri satasahassānīti gaṇanāya dassitā evaṃ dassitagaṇanā ime bhikkhūti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā’’ti vuttanti evamattho gahetabbo. Atha vā chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikāti chaḷabhiññānaṃ mahiddhikānanti sāmiatthe paccattavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Parivārenti sabbadāti niccakālaṃ dasabalaṃ parivārenti, bhagavantaṃ muñcitvā katthaci na gacchantīti adhippāyo. Tena samayenāti tasmiṃ samaye. Ayaṃ pana samaya-saddo samavāyādīsu navasu atthesu dissati. Yathāha –
‘‘Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu;
Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.mūlapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1; dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1 kāmāvacarakusalapadabhājanīya; khu. pā. aṭṭha. maṃgalasuttavaṇṇanā, evamiccādipāṭhavaṇṇanā; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.184);
Idha so kāle daṭṭhabbo; tasmiṃ kāleti attho. Mānusaṃ bhavanti manussabhāvaṃ. Appattamānasāti appattaṃ anadhigataṃ mānasaṃ yehi te appattamānasā. Mānasanti rāgassa ca cittassa ca arahattassa ca adhivacanaṃ. ‘‘Antalikkhacaro pāso, yvāyaṃ carati mānaso’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.151; mahāva. 33) hi ettha pana rāgo ‘‘mānaso’’ti vutto. ‘‘Cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ hadayaṃ paṇḍara’’nti (dha. sa. 6; vibha. 184; mahāni. 1; cūḷani. pārāyanānugītigāthāniddesa 114) ettha cittaṃ. ‘‘Appattamānaso sekho, kālaṃ kayirā janesutā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.159) ettha arahattaṃ. Idhāpi arahattameva adhippetaṃ (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 5 kāmāvacarakusalaniddesavārakathā; mahāni. aṭṭha. 1). Tasmā appattaarahattaphalāti attho. Sekhāti kenaṭṭhena sekhā? Sekhadhammapaṭilābhaṭṭhena sekhā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sekho hotīti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sekhāya sammādiṭṭhiyā samannāgato hoti…pe… sekhena sammāsamādhinā samannāgato hoti. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sekho hotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.13). Api ca sikkhantīti sekhā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sikkhati, sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccati. Kiñca sikkhati? Adhisīlampi sikkhati adhicittampi adhipaññampi sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 3.86).
Supupphitanti suṭṭhu vikasitaṃ. Pāvacananti pasatthaṃ vacanaṃ, vuddhippattaṃ vā vacanaṃ pavacanaṃ, pavacanameva pāvacanaṃ, sāsananti attho. Upasobhatīti abhirājati ativirocati. Sabbadāti sabbakālaṃ. ‘‘Upasobhati sadevake’’tipi pāṭho.
Tassa dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato rammavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudevo nāma khattiyo pitā, sumedhā nāma devī mātā, sumaṅgalo ca tisso cāti dve aggasāvakā, sāgato nāma upaṭṭhāko, nandā ca sunandā cāti dve aggasāvikā, bodhi tassa bhagavato pipphalirukkho ahosi, asītihatthubbedho, satasahassavassāni āyūti. Kiṃ panimesaṃ jātanagarādīnaṃ dassane payojananti ce? Vuccate – yassa yadi neva jātanagaraṃ na pitā na mātā paññāyeyya, imassa pana neva jātanagaraṃ na pitā na mātā paññāyati, devo vā sakko vā yakkho vā māro vā brahmā vā esa maññe, devānampi īdisaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ anacchariyanti maññamānā na sotabbaṃ na saddahitabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ, tato abhisamayo na bhaveyya, asati abhisamaye niratthako buddhuppādo bhaveyya, aniyyānikaṃ sāsanaṃ. Tasmā sabbabuddhānaṃ jātanagarādiko paricchedo dassetabbo. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Nagaraṃ rammavatī nāma, sudevo nāma khattiyo;
Sumedhā nāma janikā, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
‘‘Sumaṅgalo ca tisso ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
Sāgato nāmupaṭṭhāko, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
‘‘Nandā ceva sunandā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, pipphalīti pavuccati.
‘‘Asītihatthamubbedho, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
Sobhati dīparukkhova, sālarājāva phullito.
‘‘Satasahassavassāni, āyu tassa mahesino;
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Jotayitvāna saddhammaṃ, santāretvā mahājanaṃ;
Jalitvā aggikkhandhova, nibbuto so sasāvako.
‘‘Sā ca iddhi so ca yaso, tāni ca pādesu cakkaratanāni;
Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārā’’ti.
Tattha sudevo nāma khattiyoti sudevo nāmassa khattiyo pitā ahosīti attho. Janikāti janetti. Pipphalīti pilakkhakapītanarukkho bodhi. Asītihatthamubbedhoti asītihatthaṃ uccaggato. Dīparukkho vāti sampajjalitadīpamālākulo dīparukkho viya ārohapariṇāhasaṇṭhānapāripūrisampanno dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇānubyañjanasamalaṅkatasarīro vipphuritaraṃsijālāvisaratārāgaṇasamujjalamiva gaganatalaṃ bhagavā dharamānakāle sobhatīti sobhittha. Sālarājāva phullitoti pupphito sabbaphāliphullo sālarājarukkho viya ca sabbaphāliphullo yojanasatubbedho pāricchatto viya ca asītihatthubbedho bhagavā ativiya sobhati.
Satasahassavassānīti vassasatasahassāni tassa āyūti attho. Tāvatā tiṭṭhamānoti tāvatakaṃ kālaṃ tiṭṭhamāno. Janatanti janasamūhaṃ. Santāretvā mahājananti tārayitvā mahājanaṃ. ‘‘Santāretvā sadevaka’’ntipi pāṭho, tassa sadevakaṃ lokanti attho. Sā ca iddhīti sā ca sampatti ānubhāvo. So ca yasoti so ca parivāro. Sabbaṃ tamantarahitanti taṃ sabbaṃ vuttappakāraṃ sampattijātaṃ antarahitaṃ apagatanti attho. Nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārāti sabbe pana saṅkhatadhammā nanu rittā tucchā, niccasārādirahitāti attho.
Ettha pana nagarādiparicchedo pāḷiyamāgatova. Sambahulavāro pana nāgato, so ānetvā dīpetabbo. Seyyathidaṃ – puttaparicchedo, bhariyāparicchedo, pāsādaparicchedo, agāravāsaparicchedo, nāṭakitthiparicchedo, abhinikkhamanaparicchedo, padhānaparicchedo, vihāraparicchedo, upaṭṭhākaparicchedoti. Etesampi dīpane kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. Tassa pana dīpaṅkarassa bhariyānaṃ tisatasahassaṃ ahosi. Tassa aggamahesī padumā nāma, tassa pana putto usabhakkhandho nāma. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Bhariyā padumā nāma, vibuddhapadumānanā;
Atrajo usabhakkhandho, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
‘‘Haṃsā koñcā mayūrākhyā, pāsādāpi tayo matā;
Dasavassasahassāni, agāraṃ avasī kira.
‘‘Hatthiyānena nikkhanto, nandārāme jino vasī;
Nando nāmassupaṭṭhāko, lokānandakaro kirā’’ti.
Sabbabuddhānaṃ pana pañca vemattāni honti āyuvemattaṃ pamāṇavemattaṃ kulavemattaṃ padhānavemattaṃ rasmivemattanti. Tattha āyuvemattaṃ nāma keci dīghāyukā honti keci appāyukā. Tathā hi dīpaṅkarassa pana bhagavato vassasatasahassaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi, amhākaṃ bhagavato vassasataṃ.
Pamāṇavemattaṃ nāma keci dīghā honti keci rassā. Tathā hi dīpaṅkaro asītihatthappamāṇo ahosi, amhākaṃ pana bhagavā aṭṭhārasahatthappamāṇo.
Kulavemattaṃ nāma keci khattiyakule nibbattanti keci brāhmaṇakule. Tathā hi dīpaṅkarādayo khattiyakule nibbattiṃsu, kakusandhakoṇāgamanādayo brāhmaṇakule.
Padhānavemattaṃ nāma kesañci padhānaṃ ittarameva hoti yathā kassapassa bhagavato , kesañci addhaniyaṃ amhākaṃ bhagavato viya.
Rasmivemattaṃ nāma maṅgalassa bhagavato sarīrasmi dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, amhākaṃ bhagavato byāmamattaṃ. Tatra rasmivemattaṃ ajjhāsayapaṭibaddhaṃ hoti. Yo yattakaṃ icchasi, tassa tattakaṃ sarīrappabhā pharati. Maṅgalassa pana ‘‘dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharatū’’ti ajjhāsayo ahosi. Paṭividdhaguṇesu pana kassaci vemattaṃ nāma natthi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.12 ādayo).
Tathā sabbabuddhānaṃ cattāri avijahitaṭṭhānāni nāma honti. Bodhipallaṅko avijahito ekasmiṃyeva ṭhāne hoti. Dhammacakkappavattanaṭṭhānaṃ isipatane migadāye avijahitameva hoti. Devorohaṇakāle saṅkassanagaradvāre paṭhamapādakkamo avijahitova hoti. Jetavane gandhakuṭiyā cattāri mañcapādaṭṭhānāni avijahitāneva honti. Vihāropi avijahitova. So pana khuddako vā mahanto vā hoti.
Aparaṃ pana amhākaṃyeva bhagavato sahajātaparicchedañca nakkhattaparicchedañca visesaṃ. Amhākaṃ sabbaññubodhisattena kira saddhiṃ rāhulamātā ānandatthero channo kaṇḍako assarājā nidhikumbhā mahābodhirukkho kāḷudāyīti imāni sata sahajātāni. Mahāpuriso kira uttarāsāḷhanakkhatteneva mātukucchiṃ okkami, mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhami , dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi, yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Visākhanakkhattena jāto ca abhisambuddho ca parinibbuto ca, māghanakkhattena tassa sāvakasannipāto ceva āyusaṅkhāravosajjanañca ahosi, assayujanakkhattena devorohaṇanti ettakaṃ āharitvā dīpetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ sambahulavāraparicchedo. Sesagāthā sauttānā evāti.
Iti bhagavā dīpaṅkaro yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā sabbabuddhakiccaṃ katvā anukkamena anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.
Yasmiṃ kira kappe dīpaṅkaradasabalo udapādi, tasmiṃ aññepi taṇhaṅkaro, medhaṅkaro, saraṇaṅkaroti tayo buddhā ahesuṃ. Tesaṃ santike bodhisattassa byākaraṇaṃ natthi. Tasmā te idha na dassitā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana tamhā kappā ādito paṭṭhāyuppannuppanne sabbabuddhe dassetuṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ –
‘‘Taṇhaṅkaro medhaṅkaro, athopi saraṇaṅkaro;
Dīpaṅkaro ca sambuddho, koṇḍañño dvipaduttamo.
‘‘Maṅgalo ca sumano ca, revato sobhito muni;
Anomadassī padumo, nārado padumuttaro.
‘‘Sumedho ca sujāto ca, piyadassī mahāyaso;
Atthadassī dhammadassī, siddhattho lokanāyako.
‘‘Tisso phusso ca sambuddho, vipassī sikhi vessabhū;
Kakusandho koṇāgamano, kassapo cāpi nāyako.
‘‘Ete ahesuṃ sambuddhā, vītarāgā samāhitā;
Sataraṃsīva uppannā, mahātamavinodanā;
Jalitvā aggikkhandhāva, nibbutā te sasāvakā’’ti. (apa. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā; jā. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā);
Ettāvatā nātisaṅkhepavitthāravasena katāya
Madhuratthavilāsiniyā buddhavaṃsa-aṭṭhakathāya
Dīpaṅkarabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Niṭṭhito paṭhamo buddhavaṃso.
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