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The Order of Languages of Dictionaries to Show?
+ - {{ "zh_TW" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Dīghanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dīghanikāya") }}
+ - Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi") }}
2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Mahāvaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mahāvaggapāḷi") }}
3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Mahāsamayasuttaṃ") }}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Pāthikavaggapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Pāthikavaggapāḷi") }}
8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ") }}
蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimanikāya") }}
+ - Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Mūlapariyāyavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Sīhanādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Sīhanādavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Opammavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Opammavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Mahāyamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Mahāyamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Cūḷayamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Cūḷayamakavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi") }}
1. Gahapativaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Gahapativaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Tikanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tikanipātapāḷi") }}
(7) 2. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(7) 2. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] 蕭式球 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Dasasikkhāpadaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Dvattiṃsākāro
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Dvattiṃsākāro") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Kumārapañhā
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Kumārapañhā") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Ratanasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Ratanasuttaṃ") }}
悟醒 {{_("Translation")}}
悟醒 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Translation")}}
瑪欣德尊者 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Tirokuṭṭasuttaṃ") }}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Translation")}}
鄧殿臣 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Translation")}}
了參法師(葉均) {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
郭良鋆 {{_("Translation")}}
郭良鋆 {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - {{ "en_US" | translate }} {{_("Translation")}}
+ - Tipiṭaka (Mūla)
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Tipiṭaka (Mūla)") }}
+ - Suttapiṭaka
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttapiṭaka") }}
+ - Aṅguttaranikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Aṅguttaranikāya") }}
+ - Ekakanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Ekakanipātapāḷi") }}
3. Akammaniyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Akammaniyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Adantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Adantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Paṇihitaacchavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Accharāsaṅghātavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dukanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dukanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Kammakaraṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Kammakaraṇavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Samacittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Samacittavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Parisavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Parisavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(10) 5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(10) 5. Bālavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("(11) 1. Āsāduppajahavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Khuddakanikāya
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakanikāya") }}
+ - Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi") }}
1. Saraṇattayaṃ
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Saraṇattayaṃ") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Dhammapadapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Dhammapadapāḷi") }}
1. Yamakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Yamakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Appamādavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Appamādavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Cittavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Cittavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Pupphavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Pupphavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Bālavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Bālavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
6. Paṇḍitavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("6. Paṇḍitavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
7. Arahantavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("7. Arahantavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
8. Sahassavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("8. Sahassavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
9. Pāpavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("9. Pāpavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
10. Daṇḍavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("10. Daṇḍavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
11. Jarāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("11. Jarāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
12. Attavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("12. Attavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
13. Lokavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("13. Lokavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
14. Buddhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("14. Buddhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
15. Sukhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("15. Sukhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
16. Piyavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("16. Piyavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
17. Kodhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("17. Kodhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
18. Malavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("18. Malavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("19. Dhammaṭṭhavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
20. Maggavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("20. Maggavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("21. Pakiṇṇakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
22. Nirayavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("22. Nirayavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
23. Nāgavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("23. Nāgavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
24. Taṇhāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("24. Taṇhāvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
25. Bhikkhuvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("25. Bhikkhuvaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("26. Brāhmaṇavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
+ - Suttanipātapāḷi
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("Suttanipātapāḷi") }}
1. Uragavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("1. Uragavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
2. Cūḷavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("2. Cūḷavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
3. Mahāvaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("3. Mahāvaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
4. Aṭṭhakavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("4. Aṭṭhakavaggo") }}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}
5. Pārāyanavaggo
{{ treeviewTranslatedNodeText("5. Pārāyanavaggo") }}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Translation")}}
[{{_("Excerpt")}}] Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu {{_("Contrast Reading")}}

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Visuddhimagga-mahāṭīkā

(Paṭhamo bhāgo)

Ganthārambhakathā

Saddhammaraṃsimālī yo, vineyyakamalākare;

Vibodhesi mahāmoha-tamaṃ hantvāna sabbaso.

Ñāṇātisayabimbaṃ taṃ, visuddhakaruṇāruṇaṃ;

Vanditvā nirupaklesaṃ, buddhādiccaṃ mahodayaṃ.

Lokālokakaraṃ dhammaṃ, guṇarasmisamujjalaṃ;

Ariyasaṅghañca samphullaṃ, visuddhakamalākaraṃ.

Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;

Hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā.

Sampannasīlācārena, dhīmatā sucivuttinā;

Ajjhesito dāṭhānāgattherena thiracetasā.

Visuddhacarito nātho, yaṃ visuddhimanuttaraṃ;

Patvā desesi karuṇāsamussāhitamānaso.

Tassā adhigamūpāyo, visuddhanayamaṇḍito;

Visuddhimaggo yo vutto, suvisuddhapadakkamo.

Suvisuddhaṃ asaṃkiṇṇaṃ, nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ;

Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, samayaṃ avilomayaṃ.

Tassa nissāya porāṇaṃ, kathāmaggaṃ anākulaṃ;

Tantinayānugaṃ suddhaṃ, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Iti ākaṅkhamānassa, saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiṃ;

Vibhajantassa tassatthaṃ, nisāmayatha sādhavoti.

Nidānādikathāvaṇṇanā

1. Svāyaṃ visuddhimaggo yaṃ suttapadaṃ nissāya paṭṭhapīyati, taṃ tāva nikkhipitvā tassa nidānādiniddhāraṇamukhena nānappakārato atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetuṃ ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāyā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Dhammaṃ saṃvaṇṇentena hi ādito tassa nidānaṃ vattabbaṃ, tato payojanaṃ piṇḍattho padattho sambandho adhippāyo codanā sodhanaṃ vattabbaṃ. Tathā ceva ācariyena paṭipannaṃ. Ettha hi bhagavantaṃ kirātiādi desanāya nidānapayojananiddhāraṇaṃ, visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissantiādi piṇḍatthaniddhāraṇaṃ , sīle ṭhatvātiādi padatthasambandhādhippāyavibhāvanā, kiṃ sīlantiādi codanā, tato paraṃ sodhanaṃ, samādhipaññākathāsupi eseva nayo. Kasmā panettha vissajjanagāthā ādimhi nikkhittā, na pucchāgāthā. Pucchāpubbikā hi vissajjanāti? Vuccate – tadatthassa maṅgalabhāvato, sāsanassa ādikalyāṇādibhāvavibhāvanato, bhayādiupaddavanivāraṇena antarāyavidhamanato, upari saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammasaṅgahato cāti veditabbaṃ.

Etthāha – kasmā panāyaṃ visuddhimaggakathā vatthupubbikā āraddhā, na satthuthomanāpubbikāti? Vuccate – visuṃ asaṃvaṇṇanādibhāvato. Sumaṅgalavilāsinīādayo viya hi dīghanikāyādīnaṃ nāyaṃ visuṃ saṃvaṇṇanā, na pakaraṇantaraṃ vā abhidhammāvatārasumatāvatārādi viya. Tāsaṃyeva pana sumaṅgalavilāsinīādīnaṃ visesabhūtā. Tenevāha ‘‘majjhe visuddhimaggo’’tiādi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.ganthārambhakathā; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.ganthārambhakathā). Atha vā thomanāpubbikāpi cāyaṃ kathā na vatthupubbikāvāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sāsane hi vatthukittanaṃ na loke viya kevalaṃ hoti, sāsanasampattikittanattā pana satthu aviparītadhammadesanābhāvavibhāvanena satthuguṇasaṃkittanaṃ ulliṅgantameva pavattati. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘ettāvatā tisso sikkhā’’tiādi. Sotāpannādibhāvassa ca kāraṇanti ettha hi ādi-saddena sabbasakadāgāmianāgāmino viya sabbepi arahanto saṅgayhanti vibhāgassa anuddhaṭattā. Tena tiṇṇampi bodhisattānaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyā sīlādayo idha ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāyā’’tiādivacanena saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tiṇṇampi hi nesaṃ carimabhave visesato saṃsārabhayikkhaṇaṃ, yathāsakaṃ sīle patiṭṭhāya samathavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā taṇhājaṭāvijaṭanapaṭipatti ca samānāti. Atha vā ‘‘so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’nti sādhāraṇavacanena sātisayaṃ, niratisayañca taṇhājaṭāvijaṭanaṃ gahitaṃ. Tattha yaṃ niratisayaṃ savāsanappahānatāya. Tena satthu pahānasampadā kittitā hoti, tannimittā ñāṇasampadā ca. Tadubhayena nānantarikatāya ānubhāvasampadādayopīti. Evampi thomanāpubbikāyaṃ kathāti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā thomanāpubbikā evāyaṃ kathāti daṭṭhabbaṃ, ‘‘sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇacāro’’tiādinā satthu thomanaṃ purakkhatvā saṃvaṇṇanāya āraddhattā. Sā panāyaṃ yasmā pucchantassa ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ byākaraṇasamatthatāya vibhāvanavasena pavattitā, āciṇṇañcetaṃ ācariyassa yadidaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammānukūlaṃ saṃvaṇṇanārambhe satthu abhitthavanaṃ. Tasmā iminā kāraṇena evamettha thomanā pavattitāti. Thomanākārassa vuccamānassa kāraṇaṃ uddharantena paṭhamaṃ vissajjanagāthaṃ nikkhipitvā tassā nidānacodanāmukhena pucchāgāthaṃ sarūpato ca atthato ca dassetvā tassā pucchāya aviparītabyākaraṇasamatthabhāvāvajotanaṃ bhagavato thomanaṃ purakkhatvā yathādhippetadhammasaṃvaṇṇanā katā. Tenāha ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāyā’’tiādi. Tattha gāthāya attho parato āvi bhavissati.

Itītiādīsu itīti ayaṃ iti-saddo hetu parisamāpanādipadatthavipariyāyapakārāvadhāraṇanidassanādianekatthappabhedo. Tathā hesa ‘‘ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccatī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.79) hetumhi āgato. ‘‘Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.29) parisamāpane. ‘‘Iti vā iti evarūpā naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.197) ādiatthe. ‘‘Māgaṇḍiyoti tassa brāhmaṇassa saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāro nāmaṃ nāmakammaṃ nāmadheyyaṃ nirutti byañjanaṃ abhilāpo’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 73, 75) padatthavipariyāye. ‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito. Saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito. Saupasaggo bālo, anupasaggo paṇḍito’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.124) pakāre. ‘‘Atthi idappaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iti puṭṭhena satā, ānanda, atthītissa vacanīyaṃ, kiṃpaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iti ce vadeyya, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iccassa vacanīya’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.96) avadhāraṇe, sanniṭṭhāneti attho. ‘‘Atthīti kho, kaccāna, ayameko anto, natthīti kho, kaccāna, ayaṃ dutiyo anto’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.15; 3.90) nidassane. Idhāpi nidassane daṭṭhabbo, pakāretipi vattuṃ vaṭṭateva. Paṭhamo pana iti-saddo parisamāpane daṭṭhabbo. ti avadhāraṇe. Idanti āsannapaccakkhavacanaṃ yathādhigatassa suttapadassa abhimukhīkaraṇato.

Vuttanti ayaṃ vutta-saddo saupasaggo, anupasaggo ca vappanavāpasamīkaraṇakesohāraṇajīvitavuttipamuttabhāvapāvacanapavattitaajjhesanakathanādīsu dissati. Tathā hi ayaṃ –

‘‘Gāvo tassa pajāyanti, khette vuttaṃ virūhati;

Vuttānaṃ phalamasnāti, yo mittānaṃ na dubbhatī’’ti. –

Ādīsu (jā. 2.22.19) vappane āgato. ‘‘No ca kho paṭivutta’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 289) aṭṭhadantakādīhi vāpasamīkaraṇe. ‘‘Kāpaṭiko māṇavo daharo vuttasiro’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.426) kesohāraṇe. ‘‘Pannalomo paradattavutto migabhūtena cetasā viharatī’’tiādīsu (cūḷava. 332) jīvitavuttiyaṃ. ‘‘Seyyathāpi nāma paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritatthāyā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.59; pārā. 92; pāci. 666; mahāva. 129) bandhanato pamuttabhāve. ‘‘Yesamidaṃ etarahi porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihita’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.285; ma. ni. 2.427; mahāva. 300) pāvacanabhāvena pavattite. Loke pana ‘‘vutto guṇo vutto pārāyano’’tiādīsu ajjhesane. ‘‘Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā ‘dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’ti’’ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.30) kathane. Idhāpi kathane eva daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā ‘‘iti hi evameva idaṃ suttaṃ desita’’nti yathānikkhittaṃ gāthaṃ desitabhāvena nidasseti. Tassā vā desitākāraṃ avadhāreti.

Kasmāti hetumhi nissakkaṃ. Panāti vacanālaṅkāramattaṃ. Ubhayenāpi kāraṇaṃ pucchati. Etanti yathāvuttaṃ suttapadaṃ paccāmasati. Vuttanti pucchānimittaṃ. Tadatthassa attano buddhiyaṃ viparivattamānataṃ upādāya ‘‘ida’’nti vatvā puna bhagavatā bhāsitākāraṃ sandhāya ‘‘eta’’nti vuttaṃ. Sakalena panānena vacanena desanāya nidānaṃ jotitaṃ hoti. Parato tassā desakadesakālapaṭiggāhake vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘bhagavantaṃ kirā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha kirāti anussavanatthe nipāto. Tena vuccamānassatthassa anu anu suyyamānataṃ dīpeti. Rattibhāgeti rattiyā ekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse, majjhimayāmeti adhippāyo. Vessavaṇādayo viya apākaṭanāmadheyyattā aññataro. Devo eva devaputto. Saṃsayasamugghāṭatthanti vicikicchāsallasamuddharaṇatthaṃ pucchīti yojanā. ‘‘Saṃsayasamugghāṭattha’’nti ca iminā pañcasu pucchāsu ayaṃ vimaticchedanāpucchāti dasseti. Yena atthena taṇhā ‘‘jaṭā’’ti vuttā, tameva atthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘jāliniyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Sā hi aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabhedo attano avayavabhūto eva jālo etissā atthīti ‘‘jālinī’’ti vuccati.

Idānissā jaṭākārena pavattiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sā hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha rūpādīsu ārammaṇesūti tassā pavattiṭṭhānamāha, rūpādichaḷārammaṇavinimuttassa taṇhāvisayassa abhāvato. Heṭṭhupariyavasenāti kadāci rūpārammaṇe kadāci yāva dhammārammaṇe kadāci dhammārammaṇe kadāci yāva rūpārammaṇeti evaṃ heṭṭhā, upari ca pavattivasena. Desanākkamena cettha heṭṭhupariyatā daṭṭhabbā. Kadāci kāmabhave kadāci rūpabhave kadāci arūpabhave kadāci vā arūpabhave…pe… kadāci kāmabhaveti evamettha heṭṭhupariyavasena pavatti veditabbā. Sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ khaṇe khaṇe bhijjanasabhāvattā aparāparuppatti ettha saṃsibbananti āha ‘‘punappunaṃ uppajjanato’’ti. ‘‘Saṃsibbanaṭṭhenā’’ti idaṃ yena sambandhena jaṭā viyāti jaṭāti jaṭātaṇhānaṃ upamūpameyyatā, taṃdassanaṃ. Ayaṃ hettha attho – yathā jālino veḷugumbassa sākhā, kosasañcayādayo ca attanā attano avayavehi saṃsibbitā vinaddhā ‘‘jaṭā’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ taṇhāpi saṃsibbanasabhāvenāti, ‘‘saṃsibbitaṭṭhenā’’ti vā pāṭho, attanāva attano saṃsibbitabhāvenāti attho. Ayaṃ hi taṇhā kosakārakimi viya attanāva attānampi saṃsibbantī pavattati. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘rūpataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisatī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.400; ma. ni. 1.86; vibha. 203). Ime sattā ‘‘mama ida’’nti pariggahitaṃ vatthuṃ attanibbisesaṃ maññamānā abbhantarimaṃ karonti. Abbhantarattho ca antosaddoti sakaparikkhāre uppajjamānāpi taṇhā ‘‘antojaṭā’’ti vuttā. Pabbajitassa pattādi, gahaṭṭhassa hatthiādi sakaparikkhāro.

‘‘Attā’’ti bhavati ettha abhimānoti attabhāvo, upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ. Sarīranti keci. Mama attabhāvo sundaro, asukassa viya mama attabhāvo bhaveyyāti vā ādinā sakaattabhāvādīsu taṇhāya uppajjamānākāro veditabbo. Attano cakkhādīni ajjhattikāyatanāni. Attano, paresañca rūpādīni bāhirāyatanāni. Paresaṃ sabbāni vā, saparasantatipariyāpannāni vā cakkhādīni ajjhattikāyatanāni. Tathā rūpādīni bāhirāyatanāni. Parittamahaggatabhavesu pavattiyāpi taṇhāya antojaṭābahijaṭābhāvo veditabbo. Kāmabhavo hi kassacipi kilesassa avikkhambhitattā kathañcipi avimutto ajjhattaggahaṇassa visesapaccayoti ‘‘ajjhattaṃ, anto’’ti ca vuccati. Tabbipariyāyato rūpārūpabhavo ‘‘bahiddhā, bahī’’ti ca. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘ajjhattasaṃyojano puggalo, bahiddhāsaṃyojano puggalo’’ti (a. ni. 2.37). Visayabhedena, pavattiākārabhedena ca anekabhedabhinnampi taṇhaṃ jaṭābhāvasāmaññena ekanti gahetvā ‘‘tāya evaṃ uppajjamānāya jaṭāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sā pana ‘‘pajā’’ti vuttasattasantānapariyāpannā eva hutvā punappunaṃ taṃ jaṭentī vinandhantī pavattatīti āha ‘‘jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā’’ti. Tathā hi paramatthato yadipi avayavabyatirekena samudāyo natthi, ekadeso pana samudāyo nāma na hotīti avayavato samudāyaṃ bhinnaṃ katvā upamūpameyyaṃ dassento ‘‘yathā nāmaveḷujaṭādīhi…pe… saṃsibbitā’’ti āha. Imaṃ jaṭanti sambandho. Tīsu dhātūsu ekampi asesetvā saṃsibbanena tedhātukaṃ jaṭetvā ṭhitaṃ. Tenassā mahāvisayataṃ, vijaṭanassa ca sudukkarabhāvamāha. ‘‘Vijaṭetuṃ ko samattho’’ti iminā ‘‘vijaṭaye’’ti padaṃ sattiatthaṃ, na vidhiādiatthanti dasseti.

Evaṃ ‘‘antojaṭā’’tiādinā puṭṭho pana assa devaputtassa imaṃ gāthamāhāti sambandho. ‘‘Edisova imaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjeyyā’’ti satthāraṃ guṇato dassento ‘‘sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇacāro’’tiādimāha. Tattha sabbadhammesūti atītādibhedabhinnesu sabbesu ñeyyadhammesu. Appaṭihatañāṇacāroti anavasesañeyyāvaraṇappahānena nissaṅgacārattā navihatañāṇapavattiko. Etena tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇatāvibhāvanena ādito tiṇṇaṃ āveṇikadhammānaṃ gahaṇeneva tadekalakkhaṇatāya tadavinābhāvato ca bhagavato sesāveṇikadhammānampi gahitabhāvo veditabbo. Dibbanti kāmaguṇādīhi kīḷanti laḷanti, tesu vā viharanti, vijayasamatthatāyogena paccatthike vijetuṃ icchanti, issariyadhanādisakkāradānaggahaṇaṃ, taṃtaṃatthānusāsanañca karontā voharanti, puññātisayayogānubhāvappattāya jutiyā jotanti, yathādhippetañca visayaṃ appaṭighātena gacchanti, yathicchitanipphādane ca sakkontīti devā. Atha vā devanīyā taṃtaṃbyasananittharaṇatthikehi saraṇaṃ parāyaṇanti gamanīyā, abhitthavanīyā vā, sobhāvisesayogena kamanīyāti vā devā. Te tividhā – sammutidevā upapattidevā visuddhidevāti. Bhagavā pana niratisayāya abhiññākīḷāya uttamehi dibbabrahmaariyavihārehi saparasantānagatapañcavidhamāravijayicchānipphattiyā cittissariyasattadhanādisammāpaṭipatti aveccapasādasakkāradānaggahaṇasaṅkhātena, dhammasabhāvapuggalajjhāsayānurūpānusāsanīsaṅkhātena ca vohārātisayena paramāya paññāsarīrappabhāsaṅkhātāya jutiyā, anaññasādhāraṇāya ñāṇasarīragatiyā, māravijayasabbasabbaññuguṇaparahitanipphādanesu appaṭihatāya sattiyā ca samannāgatattā sadevakena lokena ‘‘saraṇa’’nti gamanīyato, abhitthavanīyato, bhattivasena kamanīyato ca sabbe te deve tehi guṇehi abhibhuyya ṭhitattā tesaṃ devānaṃ seṭṭho uttamo devoti devadevo. Sabbadevehi pūjanīyataro devoti vā, visuddhidevabhāvassa vā sabbaññuguṇālaṅkārassa vā adhigatattā aññesaṃ devānaṃ atisayena devoti devadevo.

Aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sakkānaṃ, mahābrahmānañca guṇābhibhavanato adhiko atisayo atirekataro vā sakko brahmā cāti sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā. Ñāṇappahānadesanāvisesesu sadevake loke kenaci avikkhambhanīyaṭṭhānatāya kutocipi utrastābhāvato catūhi vesārajjehi visāradoti catuvesārajjavisārado. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhāti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā…pe… vesārajjappatto viharāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.150; a. ni. 4.8). Ṭhānāṭhānañāṇādīhi dasahi ñāṇabalehi samannāgatattā dasabaladharo. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘idha tathāgato ṭhānañca ṭhānato, aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’tiādi (a. ni. 10.21; vibha. 809). Yaṃ kiñci ñeyyaṃ nāma, tattha sabbattheva anāvaṭañāṇatāya anāvaraṇañāṇo. Tañca sabbaṃ samantato sabbākārato hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya paccakkhato dassanasamatthena ñāṇacakkhunā samannāgatattā samantacakkhu, sabbaññūti attho. Imehi pana dvīhi padehi pacchimāni dve asādhāraṇañāṇāni gahitāni. Bhāgyavantatādīhi kāraṇehi bhagavā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ parato buddhānussatiniddese (visuddhi. 1.123 ādayo) vitthārato āgamissati.

Ettha ca ‘‘sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇacāro’’ti iminā tiyaddhāruḷhānaṃ pucchānaṃ bhagavato byākaraṇasamatthatāya dassitāya kiṃ devatānampi pucchaṃ byākātuṃ samattho bhagavāti āsaṅkāya tannivattanatthaṃ ‘‘devadevo’’ti vuttaṃ. Devānaṃ atidevo sakko devānamindo devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjeti, ‘‘tato imassa ko viseso’’ti cintentānaṃ tannivattanatthaṃ ‘‘sakkānaṃ atisakko’’ti vuttaṃ. Sakkenapi pucchitamatthaṃ sanaṅkumārādayo brahmāno vissajjenti, ‘‘tato imassa ko atisayo’’ti cintentānaṃ tannivattanatthaṃ ‘‘brahmānaṃ atibrahmā’’ti vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ cassa viseso catuvesārajjadasabalañāṇehi pākaṭo jātoti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘catu…pe… dharo’’ti vuttaṃ. Imāni ca ñāṇāni imassa ñāṇadvayassa adhigamena saheva siddhānīti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘anāvaraṇañāṇo samantacakkhū’’ti vuttaṃ. Tayidaṃ ñāṇadvayaṃ puññañāṇasambhārūpacayasiddhāya bhaggadosatāya siddhanti dassento ‘‘bhagavā’’ti avocāti. Evametesaṃ padānaṃ gahaṇe payojanaṃ, anupubbi ca veditabbā. Yaṃ panetaṃ pacchimaṃ anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇanti ñāṇadvayaṃ, taṃ atthato abhinnaṃ. Ekameva hi taṃ ñāṇaṃ visayapavattimukhena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ dvidhā katvā vuttaṃ. Anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutidhammārammaṇatāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tatthāvaraṇābhāvato nissaṅgacāramupādāya ‘‘anāvaraṇañāṇa’’ntipi vuttaṃ. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ parato buddhānussatiniddese (visuddhi. 1.123 ādayo) vakkhāma.

2. Mahante sīlakkhandhādike esī gavesīti mahesi, bhagavā. Tena mahesinā. Vaṇṇayantoti vivaranto vitthārento. Yathābhūtanti aviparītaṃ. Sīlādibhedananti sīlasamādhipaññādivibhāgaṃ. Sudullabhanti aṭṭhakkhaṇavajjitena navamena khaṇena laddhabbattā suṭṭhu dullabhaṃ. Sīlādisaṅgahanti sīlādikkhandhattayasaṅgahaṃ. Ariyamaggo hi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahito sappadesattā nagaraṃ viya rajjena, na tayo khandhā ariyamaggena nippadesattā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘na kho, āvuso visākha, ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena tayo khandhā saṅgahitā; tīhi ca kho, āvuso visākha, khandhehi ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito’’ti (ma. ni. 1.462). Kilesacorehi aparipanthanīyatāya khemaṃ. Antadvayaparivajjanato, māyādikāyavaṅkādippahānato ca ujuṃ. Sabbesaṃ saṃkilesadhammānaṃ māraṇavasena gamanato pavattanato, nibbānassa magganato, nibbānatthikehi maggitabbato ca maggaṃ. Visuddhiyāti nibbānāya, visuddhibhāvāya vā, arahattāyāti attho.

Yathābhūtaṃ ajānantāti evaṃ sīlavisuddhiādivisuddhiparamparāya adhigantabbo evarūpo evaṃkiccako evamatthoti yāthāvato anavabujjhantā. Sakalasaṃkilesato, saṃsārato ca suddhiṃ vimuttiṃ kāmenti patthentīti suddhikāmā. Api-saddo sambhāvane. Tena na kevalaṃ sīlamattena parituṭṭhā, atha kho visuddhikāmāpi samānāti dasseti. Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Bhāvanāya yuttapayuttatāya yogino vāyamantāpi visuddhiṃ uddissa payogaṃ parakkamaṃ karontāpi upāyassa anadhigatattā visuddhiṃ nādhigacchantīti yojanā. Tesanti yogīnaṃ. Kāmañcāyaṃ visuddhimaggo samantabhaddakattā savanadhāraṇaparicayādipasutānaṃ sabbesampi pāmojjakaro, yogīnaṃ pana sātisayaṃ pamodahetūti āha ‘‘tesaṃ pāmojjakaraṇa’’nti. Bāhirakanikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissatāya suṭṭhu visuddhavinicchayattā suvisuddhavinicchayaṃ. Mahāvihāravāsīnanti attano apassayabhūtaṃ nikāyaṃ dasseti . Desanānayanissitanti dhammasaṃvaṇṇanānayasannissitaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘tesaṃ pāmojjakaraṇa’’ntiādinā sabbasaṃkilesamalavisuddhatāya visuddhiṃ nibbānaṃ patthentānaṃ yogīnaṃ ekaṃsena tadāvahattā pāmojjakaro ñāṇuttarehi sammāpaṭipannehi adhiṭṭhitattā suṭṭhu sammā visuddhavinicchayo mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ kathāmaggoti dasseti. Sakkaccaṃ me bhāsato sakkaccaṃ nisāmayathāti yojetabbaṃ.

Ettha ca ‘‘imissā dāni gāthāyā’’ti iminā visuddhimaggabhāsanassa nissayaṃ, ‘‘kathitāya mahesinā’’ti iminā tassa pamāṇabhāvaṃ, ‘‘yathābhūtaṃ atthaṃ sīlādibhedana’’nti iminā aviparītapiṇḍatthaṃ, ‘‘sudullabhaṃ…pe… yogino’’ti iminā nimittaṃ, ‘‘tesaṃ pāmojjakaraṇa’’nti iminā payojanaṃ, ‘‘vaṇṇayanto atthaṃ, suvisuddhavinicchayaṃ mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ desanānayanissitaṃ, sakkacca’’nti ca iminā karaṇappakāraṃ dassetvā ‘‘visuddhikāmā sabbepi, nisāmayatha sādhavo’’ti iminā tattha sakkaccasavane sādhujane niyojeti. Sādhukaṃ savanapaṭibaddhā hi sāsanasampatti.

3. Vacanatthavibhāvanena paveditavisuddhimaggasāmaññatthassa visuddhimaggakathā vuccamānā abhiruciṃ uppādetīti padatthato visuddhimaggaṃ vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘tattha visuddhī’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha tatthāti yadidaṃ ‘‘visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissa’’nti ettha visuddhimaggapadaṃ vuttaṃ, tattha. Sabbamalavirahitanti sabbehi rāgādimalehi, sabbehi saṃkilesamalehi ca virahitaṃ vivittaṃ. Tato eva accantaparisuddhaṃ, sabbadā sabbathā ca visuddhanti attho. Yathāvuttaṃ visuddhiṃ maggati gavesati adhigacchati etenāti visuddhimaggo. Tenāha ‘‘maggoti adhigamūpāyo vuccatī’’ti. Visuddhimaggoti ca nippariyāyena lokuttaramaggo veditabbo, tadupāyattā pana pubbabhāgamaggo, tannissayo kathāpabandho ca tathā vuccati.

Svāyaṃ visuddhimaggo satthārā desanāvilāsato, veneyyajjhāsayato ca nānānayehi desito, tesu ayameko nayo gahitoti dassetuṃ ‘‘so panāya’’ntiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha katthacīti kismiñci sutte. Vipassanāmattavasenevāti avadhāraṇena samathaṃ nivatteti. So hi tassā paṭiyogī, na sīlādi. Matta-saddena ca visesanivattiatthena savisesaṃ samādhiṃ nivatteti. So upacārappanābhedo vipassanāyānikassa desanāti katvā na samādhimattaṃ. Na hi khaṇikasamādhiṃ vinā vipassanā sambhavati. Vipassanāti ca tividhāpi anupassanā veditabbā, na aniccānupassanāva. Na hi aniccadassanamattena saccābhisamayo sambhavati. Yaṃ pana gāthāyaṃ aniccalakkhaṇasseva gahaṇaṃ kataṃ, taṃ yassa tadeva suṭṭhutaraṃ pākaṭaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti, tādisassa vasena. Sopi hi itaraṃ lakkhaṇadvayaṃ vibhūtataraṃ katvā sammasitvā visesaṃ adhigacchati, na aniccalakkhaṇameva.

Sabbe saṅkhārāti sabbe tebhūmakasaṅkhārā, te hi sammasanīyā. Aniccāti na niccā addhuvā ittarā khaṇabhaṅgurāti. Paññāyāti vipassanāpaññāya. Passati sammasati. Atha pacchā udayabbayañāṇādīnaṃ uppattiyā uttarakālaṃ. Nibbindati dukkheti tasmiṃyeva aniccākārato diṭṭhe ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā’’ti vutte tebhūmake khandhapañcakasaṅkhāte dukkhe nibbindati nibbidāñāṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Esa maggo visuddhiyāti esa nibbidānupassanāsaṅkhāto virāgādīnaṃ kāraṇabhūto nibbānassa adhigamūpāyo.

Jhānapaññāvasenāti samathavipassanāvasena. Jhānanti cettha vipassanāya pādakabhūtaṃ jhānaṃ adhippetaṃ. Yamhīti yasmiṃ puggale. Jhānañca paññā cāti etthāyamattho – yo puggalo jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā taṃ ussukkāpeti. Sa ve nibbānasantiketi so byattaṃ nibbānassa samīpe ekantato nibbānaṃ adhigacchatīti.

Kammanti maggacetanā. Sā hi apacayagāmitāya sattānaṃ suddhiṃ āvahati. Vijjāti sammādiṭṭhi. Sīlanti sammāvācākammantā. Jīvitamuttamanti sammāājīvo. Dhammoti avasesā cattāro ariyamaggadhammā. Atha vā kammanti sammākammantassa gahaṇaṃ. ‘‘Yā cāvuso visākha, sammādiṭṭhi, yo ca sammāsaṅkappo, ime dhammā paññākkhandhe saṅgahitā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.462) vacanato. Vijjāti sammādiṭṭhisammāsaṅkappānaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Dhammoti samādhi ‘‘evaṃdhammā te bhagavanto ahesu’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.378) viya. Taggahaṇeneva ‘‘yo cāvuso visākha, sammāvāyāmo, yā ca sammāsati, yo ca sammāsamādhi, ime dhammā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā’’ti vacanato sammāvāyāmasatīnampi gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīlanti sammāvācājīvānaṃ. Jīvitamuttamanti evarūpassa ariyapuggalassa jīvitaṃ uttamaṃ jīvitanti evamettha aṭṭhaṅgiko ariyamaggo vuttoti veditabbo.

Sīlādivasenāti sīlasamādhipaññāvīriyavasena. Sabbadāti samādānato pabhuti sabbakālaṃ. Sīlasampannoti catupārisuddhisīlasampadāya sampanno samannāgato. Paññavāti lokiyalokuttarāya paññāya samannāgato. Susamāhitoti taṃsampayuttena samādhinā suṭṭhu samāhito. Āraddhavīriyoti akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya paggahitavīriyo. Pahitattoti nibbānaṃ patipesitattatāya kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkhacitto. Oghanti kāmoghādicatubbidhampi oghaṃ, saṃsāramahoghameva vā.

Ekāyanoti ekamaggo. Maggapariyāyo hi idha ayana-saddo, tasmā ekapathabhūto ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo, na dvedhāpathabhūtoti attho. Ekaṃ vā nibbānaṃ ayati gacchatīti ekāyano, ekena vā gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya vivekaṭṭhena ayitabbo paṭipajjitabboti ekāyano, ayanti tenāti vā ayano, ekassa seṭṭhassa bhagavato ayanoti ekāyano, tena uppāditattā, ekasmiṃ vā imasmiṃyeva dhammavinaye ayanoti ekāyano. Sattānaṃ visuddhiyāti rāgādimalehi, abhijjhāvisamalobhādiupakkilesehi ca sattānaṃ visuddhatthāya visujjhanatthāya. Yadidanti nipāto, ye imeti attho. Pubbe saraṇalakkhaṇena maggaṭṭhena ca maggoti vuttasseva kāyādivisayabhedena catubbidhattā ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sammappadhānādīsūti ettha ādi-saddena appamādābhiratiādīnaṃ saṅgaho veditabbo . Appamādābhiratiādivasenāpi hi katthaci visuddhimaggo desito. Yathāha –

‘‘Appamādarato bhikkhu, pamāde bhayadassi vā;

Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’ti. (dha. pa. 32);

4.Tatrāti tassaṃ gāthāyaṃ. Upari vuccamānā gāthāya vitthārasaṃvaṇṇanā niddesapaṭiniddesaṭṭhāniyā, tato saṃkhittatarā atthavaṇṇanā uddesaṭṭhāniyāti āha ‘‘ayaṃ saṅkhepavaṇṇanā’’ti. Yathāuddiṭṭhassa hi atthassa niddesapaṭiniddesā sukarā, subodhā ca hontīti. Sīle patiṭṭhāyāti ettha sīleti kusalasīle. Yadipi ‘‘katame ca, thapati, akusalā sīlā’’tiādīsu akusalā dhammāpi sīlanti āgatā. Vuccamānāya pana cittapaññābhāvanāya adhiṭṭhānāyogyatāya kiriyasīlānampi asambhavo, kuto itaresanti kusalasīlamevettha adhippetaṃ. Sīlaṃ paripūrayamānotiādīsu paripūrayamānoti paripālento, parivaḍḍhento vā, sabbabhāgehi saṃvaranto , avītikkamanto cāti attho. Tathābhūto hi taṃ avijahanto tattha patiṭṭhito nāma hoti. ‘‘Sīle’’ti hi idaṃ ādhāre bhummaṃ. Patiṭṭhāyāti duvidhā patiṭṭhā nissayūpanissayabhedato. Tattha upanissayapatiṭṭhā lokiyā, itarā lokuttarā abhinditvā gahaṇe. Bhinditvā pana gahaṇe yathā lokiyacittuppādesu sahajātānaṃ, purimapacchimānañca vasena nissayūpanissayapatiṭṭhā sambhavati, evaṃ lokuttaresu heṭṭhimamaggaphalasīlavasena upanissayapatiṭṭhāpi sambhavati. ‘‘Patiṭṭhāyā’’ti ca padassa yadā upanissayapatiṭṭhā adhippetā, tadā ‘‘saddhaṃ upanissāyā’’tiādīsu (paṭṭhā. 1.1.423) viya purimakālakiriyāvasena attho veditabbo. Tenāha ‘‘pubbeva kho panassa kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ ājīvo suparisuddho hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.431). Yadā pana nissayapatiṭṭhā adhippetā, tadā ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭiccā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.204; 3.421; saṃ. ni. 4.60) viya samānakālakiriyāvasena attho veditabbo. Sammāvācādayo hi attanā sampayuttānaṃ sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ sahajātavaseneva nissayapaccayā hontīti.

Narati netīti naro, puriso. Yathā hi paṭhamapakatibhūto satto, itarāya pakatiyā seṭṭhaṭṭhena puri ucce ṭhāne seti pavattatīti ‘‘puriso’’ti vuccati, evaṃ nayanaṭṭhena ‘‘naro’’ti vuccati. Puttabhātubhūtopi hi puggalo mātujeṭṭhabhaginīnaṃ netuṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati, pageva itaro itarāsaṃ. Narena yogato, narassa ayanti vā nārī, itthī. Sāpi cettha kāmaṃ taṇhājaṭāvijaṭanasamatthatā atthi, padhānameva pana sattaṃ dassento ‘‘naro’’ti āha yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.157, 255). Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana avibhāgena puggalapariyāyo ayanti dassetuṃ ‘‘naroti satto’’ti vuttaṃ. Sapaññoti vipākabhūtāya saha paññāya pavattatīti sapañño. Tāya hi ādito paṭṭhāya santānavasena bahulaṃ pavattamānāya ayaṃ satto savisesaṃ ‘‘sapañño’’ti vattabbataṃ arahati. Vipākapaññāpi hi santānavisesanena bhāvanāpaññuppattiyā upanissayo hoti ahetukadvihetukānaṃ tadabhāvato. Sampajaññasaṅkhātāya ca taṃtaṃkiccakārikāya paññāya vasena ‘‘sapañño’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana nipaka-saddena pārihārikapaññā gayhatīti vipākapaññāvasenevettha attho vutto. Kammajatihetukapaṭisandhipaññāyāti kammajāya tihetukapaṭisandhiyaṃ paññāyāti evaṃ tihetuka-saddo paṭisandhi-saddena sambandhitabbo, na paññā-saddena. Na hi paññā tihetukā atthi. Paṭisandhito pabhuti pavattamānā paññā ‘‘paṭisandhiyaṃ paññā’’ti vuttā taṃmūlakattā, na paṭisandhikkhaṇe pavattā eva.

Cinteti ārammaṇaṃ upanijjhāyatīti cittaṃ, samādhi. So hi sātisayaṃ upanijjhānakicco. Na hi vitakkādayo vinā samādhinā tamatthaṃ sādhenti, samādhi pana tehi vināpi sādhetīti. Paguṇabalavabhāvāpādanena paccayehi citaṃ, tathā santānaṃ cinotītipi cittaṃ, samādhi. Paṭhamajjhānādivasena cittavicittatāya, iddhividhādicittakaraṇena ca samādhi cittanti vināpi paropadesenassa cittapariyāyo labbhateva. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana citta-saddo viññāṇe niruḷhoti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘cittasīsena hettha samādhi niddiṭṭho’’ti. Yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi jānātīti paññā. Sā yadipi kusalādibhedato bahuvidhā. ‘‘Bhāvaya’’nti pana vacanato bhāvetabbā idhādhippetāti taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘vipassana’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Bhāvaya’’nti ca idaṃ paccekaṃ yojetabbaṃ ‘‘cittañca bhāvayaṃ, paññañca bhāvaya’’nti. Tayidaṃ dvayaṃ kiṃ lokiyaṃ, udāhu lokuttaranti? Lokuttaranti daṭṭhabbaṃ ukkaṭṭhaniddesato. Taṃ hi bhāvayamāno ariyamaggakkhaṇe taṇhājaṭaṃ samucchedavasena vijaṭetīti vuccati, na lokiyaṃ. Nānantariyabhāvena panettha lokiyāpi gahitāva honti lokiyasamathavipassanāya vinā tadabhāvato. Samathayānikassa hi upacārappanāppabhedaṃ samādhiṃ itarassa khaṇikasamādhiṃ, ubhayesampi vimokkhamukhattayaṃ vinā na kadācipi lokuttarādhigamo sambhavati. Tenāha ‘‘samādhiñceva vipassanañca bhāvayamāno’’ti. Tattha yadā lokiyā samathavipassanā adhippetā, tadā ‘‘bhāvaya’’nti idaṃ bhāvanākiriyāya hetubhāvakathanaṃ, bhāvanāhetūti attho. Taṃbhāvanāhetukā hi vijaṭanakiriyāti. Yadā pana lokuttarā adhippetā, tadā kevalaṃ vattamānabhāvaniddeso. Tadubhayabhāvanāsamakālameva hi taṇhājaṭāvijaṭanaṃ.

‘‘Ātāpī nipako’’ti idaṃ yathāvuttabhāvanāya upakārakadhammakittanaṃ. Kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjantassa hi vīriyaṃ sati sampajaññanti ime tayo dhammā bahūpakārā. Vīriyūpatthaddhañhi kammaṭṭhānaṃ satisampajaññānupālitaṃ na paripatati, upari ca visesaṃ āvahati. Patiṭṭhāsiddhiyā cettha saddhāsiddhi, saddhūpanissayattā sīlassa, vīriyādisiddhiyā ca. Na hi saddheyyavatthuṃ asaddahantassa yathāvuttavīriyādayo sambhavanti, tathā samādhipi. Yathā hi hetubhāvato vīriyādīhi saddhāsiddhi, evaṃ phalabhāvato tehi samādhisiddhi. Vīriyādīsu hi sampajjamānesu samādhi sampannova hoti asamāhitassa tadabhāvato. Kathaṃ panettha satisiddhi? Nipakaggahaṇato. Tikkhavisadabhāvappattā hi sati ‘‘nepakka’’nti vuccati. Yathāha ‘‘paramena satinepakkena samannāgato’’ti. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘nepakkaṃ paññā’’ti ayamattho dassito. Taggahaṇeneva satipi gahitāva hoti. Na hi sativirahitā paññā atthīti. Apare pana ‘‘sapañño’’ti imināva pārihārikapaññāpi gayhatīti ‘‘nipako’’ti padassa ‘‘sato’’ti atthaṃ vadanti. Yadipi kilesānaṃ pahānaṃ ātāpanaṃ, taṃ sammādiṭṭhiādīnampi attheva. Ātappasaddo viya pana ātāpasaddo vīriyeyeva niruḷhoti āha ‘‘ātāpīti vīriyavā’’ti. Atha vā paṭipakkhappahāne sampayuttadhammānaṃ abbhussahanavasena pavattamānassa vīriyassa sātisayaṃ tadātāpananti vīriyameva tathā vuccati, na aññe dhammā. Ātāpīti cāyamīkāro pasaṃsāya, atisayassa vā dīpako. Vīriyavāti vā-saddopi tadattho eva daṭṭhabbo. Tena sammappadhānasamaṅgitā vuttā hoti. Tenāha ‘‘kilesānaṃ ātāpanaparitāpanaṭṭhenā’’ti. Ātāpanaggahaṇena cettha ārambha dhātumāha ādito vīriyārambhoti katvā, paritāpanaggahaṇena nikkamaparakkamadhātuyo sabbaso paṭipakkhato nikkhantataṃ, uparūpari visesappattiñca upādāya. Nipayati visoseti paṭipakkhaṃ, tato vā attānaṃ nipāti rakkhatīti nipako, sampajāno. Kammaṭṭhānassa pariharaṇe niyuttāti pārihārikā.

Abhikkamādīni sabbakiccāni sātthakasampajaññādivasena paricchijja netīti sabbakiccapariṇāyikā. Kammaṭṭhānassa vā uggaho paripucchā bhāvanārambho manasikāravidhi, tattha ca sakkaccakāritā sātaccakāritā sappāyakāritā nimittakusalatā pahitattatā antarāasaṅkoco indriyasamattapaṭipādanā vīriyasamatāpādanaṃ vīriyasamatāyojananti evamādīnaṃ sabbesaṃ kiccānaṃ pariṇāyikā sabbakiccapariṇāyikā. Bhayaṃ ikkhatīti bhikkhūti sādhāraṇato bhikkhulakkhaṇakathanena paṭipattiyāva bhikkhubhāvo, na bhikkhakabhinnapaṭadharādibhāvenāti dasseti. Evaṃ hi katakiccānaṃ sāmaṇerādīnaṃ, paṭipannānañca apabbajitānampi saṅgaho kato hoti. Idha pana paṭipajjanakavasena attho veditabbo. Bhindati pāpake akusale dhammeti vā bhikkhu. So imaṃ vijaṭayeti yo naro sappañño sīle patiṭṭhāya ātāpī nipako cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayanti vutto, so bhikkhu imaṃ taṇhājaṭaṃ vijaṭayeti sambandho. Idāni tampi vijaṭanaṃ veḷugumbavijaṭanena upametvā dassetuṃ gāthāya yathāvutte sīlādidhamme ‘‘iminā ca sīlenā’’tiādinā paccāmasati. Tattha yasmā yogāvacarasantānagatā nānākkhaṇikā missakā sīlādidhammā gāthāya gahitā, tasmā te ekaccaṃ gaṇhanto ‘‘chahi dhammehi samannāgato’’ti āha. Na hi te cha dhammā ekasmiṃ santāne ekasmiṃ khaṇe labbhanti. Yasmā ca puggalādhiṭṭhānena gāthā bhāsitā, tasmā puggalādhiṭṭhānameva upamaṃ dassento ‘‘seyyathāpi nāma puriso’’tiādimāha . Tattha sunisitanti suṭṭhu nisitaṃ, ativiya tikhiṇanti attho. Satthassa nisānasilāyaṃ nisitatarabhāvakaraṇaṃ, bāhubalena cassa ukkhipananti ubhayampetaṃ atthāpannaṃ katvā upamā vuttāti tadubhayaṃ upameyye dassento ‘‘samādhisilāyaṃ sunisitaṃ…pe… paññāhatthena ukkhipitvā’’ti āha. Samādhiguṇena hi paññāya tikkhabhāvo. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 4.99; 5.1071; netti. 40; mi. pa. 2.1.14). Vīriyañcassā upatthambhakaṃ paggaṇhanato. Vijaṭeyyāti vijaṭetuṃ sakkuṇeyya. Vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāya hi vattamānāya yogāvacaro taṇhājaṭaṃ vijaṭetuṃ samattho nāma. Vijaṭanaṃ cettha samucchedavasena pahānanti āha ‘‘sañchindeyya sampadāleyyā’’ti. Dakkhiṇaṃ arahatīti dakkhiṇeyyo, aggo ca so dakkhiṇeyyo cāti aggadakkhiṇeyyo, aggā vā dakkhiṇā aggadakkhiṇā, taṃ arahatīti aggadakkhiṇeyyo.

5.Tatrāti tassaṃ gāthāyaṃ. Ayanti ‘‘naro’’ti ca ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti ca vutto yogāvacaro. Puna tatrāti tassaṃ paññāyaṃ. Assāti bhikkhuno. Kattari cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ, anenāti attho. Karaṇīyaṃ natthi visesādhānassa tihetukapaṭisandhipaññāya abhāvato. Tenāha ‘‘purimakammānubhāveneva hissa sā siddhā’’ti. Tenāti yoginā. Bhāvanāyaṃ satatapavattitavīriyatāya sātaccakārinā. Paññāvasenāti yathāvuttanepakkasaṅkhātapaññāvasena. Yaṃ kiñci kattabbaṃ, tassa sabbassa sampajānavaseneva karaṇasīlo, tattha vā sampajānakāro etassa atthi, sampajānassa vā asammohassa kārako uppādakoti sampajānakārī, tena sampajānakārinā. Atrāti assaṃ gāthāyaṃ. Sīlādisampādane vīriyassa tesaṃ aṅgabhāvato taṃ visuṃ aggahetvā ‘‘sīlasamādhipaññāmukhenā’’ti vuttaṃ.

‘‘Visuddhimaggaṃ dassetī’’ti avibhāgato desanāya piṇḍatthaṃ vatvā puna taṃ vibhāgato dassetuṃ ‘‘ettāvatā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha ettāvatāti ettakāya desanāya. Sikkhāti sikkhitabbaṭṭhena sikkhā. Sikkhanaṃ cettha āsevanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīlādidhammehi saṃvaraṇādivasena āsevanto te sikkhatīti vuccati. Sāsananti paṭipattisāsanaṃ. Upanissayo balavakāraṇaṃ. Vajjanaṃ anupagamanaṃ. Sevanā bhāvanā. Paṭipakkhoti pahāyakapaṭipakkho. Yadipi gāthāyaṃ ‘‘sīle’’ti sāmaññato vuttaṃ, na ‘‘adhisīle’’ti. Taṃ pana taṇhājaṭāvijaṭanassa patiṭṭhābhūtaṃ adhippetanti āha ‘‘sīlena adhisīlasikkhā pakāsitā’’ti. Bhavagāmi hi sīlaṃ sīlameva, vibhavagāmi sīlaṃ adhisīlasikkhā. Sāmaññajotanā hi visese avatiṭṭhatīti. Esa nayo sesasikkhāsupi.

Sīlenāti adhisīlasikkhābhūtena sīlena. Taṃ hi anaññasādhāraṇatāya sāsanassa ādikalyāṇataṃ pakāseti, na yamaniyamādimattaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sīlañca suvisuddhaṃ, sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti ca. Kusalānanti maggakusalānaṃ. Kusalānanti vā anavajjānaṃ. Tena ariyaphaladhammānampi saṅgaho siddho hoti. Sabbapāpassa akaraṇanti sabbassāpi sāvajjassa akiriyā anajjhāpajjanaṃ. Etena cārittavārittabhedassa sabbassa sīlassa gahaṇaṃ kataṃ hoti. Kattabbākaraṇampi hi sāvajjamevāti. Ādivacanatoti gāthāyaṃ vuttasamādhipaññānaṃ ādimhi vacanato. Ādibhāvo cassa tammūlakattā uttarimanussadhammānaṃ. Ādīnaṃ vā vacanaṃ ādivacanaṃ. Ādisaddena cettha ‘‘sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca, vimutti ca anuttarā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.186) evamādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Sīlassa visuddhattā vippaṭisārādihetūnaṃ dūrīkaraṇato avippaṭisārādiguṇāvahaṃ. ‘‘Avippaṭisārādiguṇāvahattā’’ti etena na kevalaṃ sīlassa kalyāṇatāva vibhāvitā, atha kho ādibhāvopīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hissa sutte (pari. 366) avippaṭisārādīnaṃ vimuttiñāṇapariyosānānaṃ paramparapaccayatā vuttā. Samādhināti adhicittasikkhābhūtena samādhinā. Sakalaṃ sāsanaṃ saṅgahetvā pavattāya gāthāya ādipadena ādimhi paṭipajjitabbassa sīlassa, tatiyapadena pariyosāne paṭipajjitabbāya paññāya gahitattā majjhe paṭipajjitabbo samādhi pārisesato dutiyapadena gayhatīti ‘‘kusalassa upasampadātiādivacanato hi samādhi sāsanassa majjhe’’ti vuttaṃ, na kusalasaddassa samādhipariyāyattā. Pubbūpanissayavato hi samāhitatādiaṭṭhaṅgasamannāgamena abhinīhārakkhamatā samādhissa iddhividhādiguṇāvahattaṃ, aggamaggapaññāya adhigatāya yadatthaṃ pabbajati, taṃ pariyositanti paññā sāsanassapariyosānaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘sikkhānisaṃsamidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati saddhādhipateyyaṃ paññuttaraṃ vimuttisāra’’nti (a. ni. 4.245). Sakaṃ cittaṃ sacittaṃ, sacittassa sabbaso kilesānaṃ samucchindanena visodhanaṃ sacittapariyodāpanaṃ. Evaṃ pana paññākicce matthakappatte uttari karaṇīyābhāvato sāsanassa paññuttaratā veditabbā. Tādibhāvāvahanatoti yādiso iṭṭhesu, lābhādīsu ca anunayābhāvato, tādiso aniṭṭhesu, alābhādīsu ca paṭighābhāvato. Tato eva vā yādiso anāpāthagatesu iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu, tādiso āpāthagatesupīti tādī. Tassa bhāvo tādibhāvo, tassa āvahanato. Vātenāti vātahetu. Na samīratīti na calati. Na samiñjantīti na phandanti, kuto calananti adhippāyo.

Tathāti yathā sīlādayo adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ pakāsakā, tathā tevijjatādīnaṃ upanissayassāti tesaṃ pakāsanākārūpasaṃhārattho tathā-saddo. Yasmā sīlaṃ visujjhamānaṃ satisampajaññabalena, kammassakatañāṇabalena ca saṃkilesamalato visujjhati pāripūriñca gacchati, tasmā sīlasampadā sijjhamānā upanissayasampattibhāvena satibalaṃ, ñāṇabalañca paccupaṭṭhapetīti tassā vijjattayūpanissayatā veditabbā sabhāgahetusampādanato. Satinepakkena hi pubbenivāsavijjāsiddhi, sampajaññena sabbakiccesu sudiṭṭhakāritāparicayena cutūpapātañāṇānubandhāya dutiyavijjāsiddhi, vītikkamābhāvena saṃkilesappahānasabbhāvato vivaṭṭūpanissayatāvasena ajjhāsayasuddhiyā tatiyavijjāsiddhi. Puretaraṃ siddhānaṃ samādhipaññānaṃ pāripūriṃ vinā sīlassa āsavakkhayañāṇūpanissayatā sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavehi dīpetabbā. Samādhipaññā viya abhiññāpaṭisambhidānaṃ sīlaṃ na sabhāgahetūti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘na tato para’’nti. ‘‘Samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 4.99; netti. 40; mi. pa. 2.1.14) vacanato samādhisampadā chaḷabhiññatāya upanissayo. Paññā viya paṭisambhidānaṃ samādhi na sabhāgahetūti vuttaṃ ‘‘na tato para’’nti. ‘‘Yogā ve jāyate bhūrī’’ti (dha. pa. 282) vacanato pubbayogena, garuvāsadesabhāsākaosallauggahaparipucchādīhi ca paribhāvitā paññāsampatti paṭisambhidāpabhedassa upanissayo paccekabodhisammāsambodhiyopi paññāsampattisannissayāti paññāya anadhigantabbassa visesassa abhāvato, tassā ca paṭisambhidāpabhedassa ekantikakāraṇato heṭṭhā viya ‘‘na tato para’’nti avatvā ‘‘na aññena kāraṇenā’’ti vuttaṃ.

Ettha ca ‘‘sīlasampattiñhi nissāyā’’ti vuttattā yassa samādhivijambhanabhūtā anavasesā cha abhiññā na ijjhanti, tassa ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena na samādhisampadā atthīti. Satipi vijjānaṃ abhiññekadesabhāve sīlasampattisamudāgatā eva tisso vijjā gahitā. Yathā hi paññāsampattisamudāgatā catasso paṭisambhidā upanissayasampannassa maggeneva ijjhanti, maggakkhaṇe eva tāsaṃ paṭilabhitabbato, evaṃ sīlasampattisamudāgatā tisso vijjā samādhisampattisamudāgatā ca cha abhiññā upanissayasampannassa maggeneva ijjhantīti maggādhigameneva tāsaṃ adhigamo veditabbo. Paccekabuddhānaṃ, sammāsambuddhānañca paccekabodhisammāsambodhisamadhigamasadisā hi imesaṃ ariyānaṃ ime visesādhigamāti. Vinayasuttābhidhammesu sammāpaṭipattiyā tevijjatādīnaṃ upanissayatāpi yathāvuttavidhinā veditabbā.

Sampannasīlassa kāmasevanābhāvato sīlena paṭhamantavivajjanaṃ vuttaṃ. Yebhuyyena hi sattā kāmahetu pāṇātipātādivasenāpi asuddhapayogā honti. Jhānasukhalābhino kāyakilamathassa sambhavo eva natthīti samādhinā dutiyantavivajjanaṃ vuttaṃ jhānasamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭakāyattā. Paññāyāti maggapaññāya. Ukkaṭṭhaniddesena hi ekaṃsato ariyamaggova majjhimā paṭipatti nāma. Evaṃ santepi lokiyapaññāvasenapi antadvayavivajjanaṃ vibhāvetabbaṃ.

Sīlaṃ taṃsamaṅgino kāmasugatīsuyeva nibbattāpanato catūhi apāyehi vimuttiyā kāraṇanti āha ‘‘sīlena apāyasamatikkamanupāyo pakāsito hotī’’ti. Na hi pāṇātipātādipaṭivirati duggatiparikilesaṃ āvahati. Samādhi taṃsamaṅgino mahaggatabhūmiyaṃyeva nibbattāpanena sakalakāmabhavato vimocetīti vuttaṃ ‘‘samādhinā kāmadhātusamatikkamanupāyo pakāsito hotī’’ti. Na hi kāmāvacarakammassa anubalappadāyīnaṃ kāmacchandādīnaṃ vikkhambhakaṃ jhānaṃ kāmadhātuparikilesāvahaṃ hoti. Na cettha upacārajjhānaṃ nidassetabbaṃ, appanāsamādhissa adhippetattā. Nāpi ‘‘sīleneva atikkamitabbassa apāyabhavassa samādhinā atikkamitabbatā’’ti vacanokāso. Sugatibhavampi atikkamantassa duggatisamatikkamane kā kathāti. Sabbabhavasamatikkamanupāyoti kāmabhavādīnaṃ navannampi bhavānaṃ samatikkamanupāyo sīlasamādhīhi atikkantāpi bhavā anatikkantā eva, kāraṇassa apahīnattā. Paññāya panassa suppahīnattā te samatikkantā eva.

Tadaṅgappahānavasenāti dīpālokeneva tamassa puññakiriyavatthugatena tena tena kusalaṅgena tassa tassa akusalaṅgassa pahānavasena. Samādhinā vikkhambhanappahānavasenāti upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattinivāraṇena ghaṭappahāreneva jalatale sevālassa tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ pahānavasena. Paññāyāti ariyamaggapaññāya. Samucchedappahānavasenāti catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano santāne ‘‘diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 277) vuttassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagaṇassa accantaṃ appavattisaṅkhātasamucchindanappahānavasena.

Kilesānaṃ vītikkamapaṭipakkhoti saṃkilesadhammānaṃ, kammakilesānaṃ vā yo kāyavacīdvāresu vītikkamo ajjhācāro, tassa paṭipakkho sīlena pakāsito hoti, avītikkamasabhāvattā sīlassa. Okāsādānavasena kilesānaṃ citte kusalappavattiṃ pariyādiyitvā uṭṭhānaṃ pariyuṭṭhānaṃ. Taṃ samādhi vikkhambhetīti āha ‘‘samādhinā pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkho pakāsito hotī’’ti, samādhissa pariyuṭṭhānappahāyakattā. Appahīnabhāvena santāne anu anu sayanato kāraṇalābhe uppattirahā anusayā, te pana anurūpaṃ kāraṇaṃ laddhā uppajjanārahā thāmagatā kāmarāgādayo satta kilesā veditabbā. Te ariyamaggapaññāya sabbaso pahīyantīti āha ‘‘paññāya anusayapaṭipakkho pakāsito hotī’’ti.

Kāyaduccaritādi duṭṭhu caritaṃ, kilesehi vā dūsitaṃ caritanti duccaritaṃ, tameva yattha uppannaṃ, taṃ santānaṃ saṃkileseti vibādhati, upatāpeti cāti saṃkileso, tassa visodhanaṃ sīlena tadaṅgavasena pahānaṃ vītikkamapaṭipakkhattā sīlassa. Taṇhāsaṃkilesassa visodhanaṃ vikkhambhanavasena pahānaṃ pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkhattā samādhissa, taṇhāya cassa ujuvipaccanikabhāvato. Diṭṭhisaṃkilesassa visodhanaṃ samucchedavasena pahānaṃ anusayapaṭipakkhattā paññāya, diṭṭhigatānañca ayāthāvagāhīnaṃ yāthāvagāhiniyā paññāya ujuvipaccanikabhāvato.

Kāraṇanti upanissayapaccayo. Sīlesu paripūrakārīti maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhūtattā ādibrahmacariyakānaṃ pārājikasaṅghādisesasaṅkhātānaṃ mahāsīlasikkhāpadānaṃ avītikkamanato khuddānukhuddakānaṃ āpajjane sahasāva tehi vuṭṭhānena sīlesu yaṃ kattabbaṃ, taṃ paripūraṃ samatthaṃ karotīti sīlesu paripūrakārī. Tathā sakadāgāmīti ‘‘sīlesu paripūrakārī’’ti etaṃ upasaṃharati tathā-saddena. Ete hi dve ariyā samādhipāripanthikānaṃ kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ paññāpāripanthikassa saccapaṭicchādakamohassa sabbaso asamūhatattā samādhiṃ, paññañca bhāventāpi samādhipaññāsu yaṃ kattabbaṃ, taṃ mattaso pamāṇena padesamattameva karontīti samādhismiṃ, paññāya ca mattaso kārino ‘‘sīlesu paripūrakārino’’icceva vuccanti. Anāgāmī pana kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ samucchinnattā samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī. Arahā sabbaso sammohassa susamūhatattā paññāya paripūrakārī.

Vuttaṃ hetaṃ bhagavatā (a. ni. 3.87) –

‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti, samādhismiṃ mattaso kārī, paññāya mattaso kārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni, tāni āpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hi mettha, bhikkhave, abhabbatā vuttā. Yāni ca kho tāni sikkhāpadāni ādibrahmacariyakāni brahmacariyasāruppāni, tattha dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu…pe… so tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti. Sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti, samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī, paññāya mattaso kārī. So yāni tāni…pe… sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ…pe… anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti, samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī, paññāya paripūrakārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni…pe… sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… upasampajja viharatī’’ti.

‘‘Katha’’nti pucchitvā sikkhādike vibhajitvā vuttamevatthaṃ nigametuṃ ‘‘eva’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha aññe cāti tayo vivekā, tīṇi kusalamūlāni, tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni, tīṇi indriyānīti evamādayo, sikkhattikādīhi aññe ca guṇattikā. Evarūpāti yādisakā sikkhattikādayo idha sīlādīhi pakāsitā honti, edisā.

Ettha hi vivaṭṭasannissitassa sīlassa idhādhippetattā sīlena kāyaviveko pakāsito hoti, samādhinā cittaviveko, paññāya upadhiviveko. Tathā sīlena adoso kusalamūlaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, titikkhappadhānatāya, aparūpaghātasabhāvatāya ca sīlassa. Samādhinā alobho kusalamūlaṃ, lobhapaṭipakkhato, alobhapadhānatāya ca samādhissa. Paññāya pana amohoyeva. Sīlena ca animittavimokkhamukhaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti. Adosappadhānaṃ hi sīlasampadaṃ nissāya dose ādīnavadassino aniccānupassanā sukheneva ijjhati, aniccānupassanā ca animittavimokkhamukhaṃ. Samādhinā appaṇihitavimokkhamukhaṃ. Paññāya suññatavimokkhamukhaṃ. Alobhappadhānaṃ hi kāmanissaraṇaṃ samādhisampadaṃ nissāya kāmesu ādīnavadassino dukkhānupassanā sukheneva ijjhati, dukkhānupassanā ca appaṇihitavimokkhamukhaṃ. Paññāsampadaṃ nissāya anattānupassanā sukheneva ijjhati, anattānupassanā ca suññatavimokkhamukhaṃ. Tathā sīlena anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti. Taṃ hi sīlesu paripūrakārino aṭṭhamakassa indriyaṃ. Samādhinā aññindriyaṃ. Taṃ hi ukkaṃsagataṃ samādhismiṃ paripūrakārino anāgāmino, aggamaggaṭṭhassa ca indriyaṃ. Paññāya aññātāvindriyaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti. Taduppattiyā hi arahā paññāya paripūrakārīti. Iminā nayena aññe ca evarūpā guṇattikā sīlādīhi pakāsetabbā.

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